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.1 COLUMBIA. . Thursday Morning, August 3,1865. Mortality Among the Negroes.' We receive, through Northern and Southern papers, the most alarming accounts of the fearful and astound? ing mortality among the emancipated, negroes in the Southern States. ' We also learn from a private letter that there are 170,000 of these people in and around thc city qf Charleston, and that although none of those epidemi? cal scourges which occasionally deci? mate" the Atlantic States have made their appearance, the negroes are dying "like diseased sheep." The New York Herald, after examining the reports "of its various correspondents, asserts that the same* fbarf ul mortality existe among the emancipated negroes from Texas to Virginia. It states that the* official, reports with reference to the mortality among the negro regi? ments, also disclose the same state of things where the negro is in the mili? tary service of thc United States. The Herald arrives at tho conclusion that the negro will entirely disappear from the effects of great natural causes like the Indian. It alleges that they are gractuaMy disappearing from those occupations at the North where they were once* found in great numbers. Their monopoly, i? says, of the occu? pation of hod. carriers, scavengers, porters, hostlers, hotel waiters, boot, blacks and barbers*, has long ceased, and the Irish and Germans aro still elbowing them out. Carefully pre? pared statistical data, thc ?feroAZstates, show thafK the mortality of the free negro is far greater than the births. In Boston the -deaths among the colored population exceed thc mimbi r of births nearly two to one. In Philadelphia, during a period qf six months, there were in 1859, 306 deaths and 148 births. The mortality in the extremo Southern States, it is said, among the negro troops, is equally groat. Regiments which have never been in battle have, in six months, lout by death one-half their number. This mortality was not the result of thc appearance of an epi? demic. '^According," says the Herald, "to the best data to be obtained, it is saj*? to state that of thu four millions of ' blacks in the South in 1860, not over three millions arc now alivo. The census of 1870 will undoubtedly pre? sent an astounding result iu ?regard to this unfortunate race. The mortality from all accounts is increasing." What Shall be Done With Him Regarding the negro-the freed negro of thc Southern States-what shall be done with him, is a momentous question; one requiring, nay, demand? ing, the profoundest statesmanship and wisdom to solve, all others con? nected with the future of this sunny land, and his future too,,sinking into comparative insignificance before it. It is a fixed fact that tho negro is free. So it is received by those who but a short time ago claimed and held* him to be a slave, and so it must bc hence? forth admitted. By the power of the sword, that dread and final arbiters of all political disputes between nations, thc once negro slavo is now a free? man; and, what to do with him, may well embarrass thc wisest in the land, Four millions of a helpless, ignorant deplorably ignorant-and dependent race, in the twinkling oj an oyo as it were, turned loose to take care of themselves-to ri jd tho white mau in his pursuits, to advance in ."the scale of civilization and thrive, or to ' retro-. grade* and perish. The trafisjtion, how sudden! The responsibility upon those who Drought this state of things about, how appalling! -How shall it be met? WhaJ must be done? says the Atlanta Intelligencer. Perhaps from the past ii lesson may be learned. Else? where, jn other nations, negro eman? cipation from slavery has prevailed, ../.:'" !.-.:*::; . > fore;jn from any ever ??ntieioaU'd V.*: it:: idvocuttf;, that it .wore well now to"review and profit *by thom. From a_^ondensed statement which wo find in the Louisville Democrat, we make the following extracts. Few, that paper says, "realize the results of emancipation, while many in general jubilee of rejoicing, look to it as a grand philanthropic measiu-e to com? mand the approbatiqn of the world." Passing on, it says: There are now in the West Indies Islands, 150,000 square miles of the most productive land in the most sa? lubrious climate in the world, lying fallow, a desert waste, in consequence of this measure of emarieipaiion. The .freed negro basks in idleness and de? gradation in a land of flowering beauty and fruitfulness comparable to the garden of our. first parents. Broad ports, in wdiieh navies might ride, are deserted and empfy. Beautiful fields,' over which abundant sugar cane float? ed in plentiful lavishness, are grown rank with weeds. The coffee planta? tions are deserted, and the precious bean grows wild in the places where it once was cultivated. On every side there is the mark of ruin and desola? tion. The wild grains are the sign of' a past posterity ; the degraded negro the successor of the enterprising and I vigorous white. This, in au extent of I territory equal to Georgia, Alabama I and Mississippi. Cuba takes off 4,200 simare miles, and Cuba, where slavery I still exists, is prosperous. With other j deductions, there will remain 54,000 j square miles almost, if not entirely, i uncultivated. Can any land compare with what ! those islands were, and are, to pro \ mote the negro race and to advance him in the seale of civilization? Can imagination paint a picture more con? genial to a ruco sprung and multiply? ing under "Alric's burning sun," than is presented in the one drawn in the foregoing extract ? But it is to residts we must look, and so must ali upon whom now devolves the responsibility of providing for the negro. They are startling and no hiss true than start? ling. To profit by, let the*reader note them well: In 1834, when emancipation took place,]a brilliant career of prosperity was foretold. Let us see what has been the actual results: In 1800, th? West Indies exported 17,000,000 pounds of cotton, and tee United States 17,689,803 pounds. They were at th's time, it will be seen, ?carly equally productive. 'Let us, however, examine one island -Hay ti-where tRe results of emanei-' Ration aro best seen. This island is '400 miles in length, with a maximum width of 103. The number of square miles is 27,090, of wliieh 10,091 are composed inthe Haytien or negro re? public, and the bidance in the Domi? nican. Its popi?ation was estimated from 550,000 to 650,000. Its climate and soil is incomparable. The carin abounds in jewels-in precious mine? rals. Xiold, silver, copper, iron, tin, sulphur, rock salt, jasper, marble, are found. * Tho islands sit like jewels in the golde? seas. The tall and graceful palm lifts its fringed top over plains of verdure starred with rare flowers. The spreading mahogany lifts its dark Khadow over velvet grass that bounds the borders of fair, bright rivers. Birds,, with rare brilliant plumage, flash like gleams of light among the scented foliage. Broad, fertile lagoons J shine among the groves of orange, citron and coffee, and every hill and promontory is rounded into a graceful outline of beauty. To describe the scenery seems reveling in descriptions of poetry and romance. Plantains, bananas, yams, mangroves, millet, oranges, maize, pine apples, melons, grapes, grow in wild uncultivated abundance. , Cultivation produces cof? fee, cocoa, sugar, indigo, cotton and tobacco. In 1790, Hayti supplied half of Europe with sugar. It was a French colony, with a population of 500,000, of which 38,;-*60 were whites, and 28,370 free degroes. The remainder were slaves. Under the fever of the French revolution, a spirit similar to that our country now feels, the doc? trines of liberty and fraternitv were applied to the colony. In y93, Hayti was freeH. There have been seventy years of experience with the most disastrous results. If 'the negro has any capacity for free government, it ought to be shown in Hayti. ; Let us make a statistical comparison and see tho residts. In 1790, the value of tho exports were ?27,828,000, the principal productions being as follows: Sugar, lbs., 163,405,220; cof Ifee, lbs., 68,151,180; cotton, lbs., 6, 236.126; indigo, lbs., 930,016*. Let us tako a view nearly forty years after, when this emancipation was "to yield ::v.cb a splendid return" to philanthropic world. In 1826, the figures stood thus: Sugar, lbs., 32, 864; coffee, lbs., 32,189,784;.cotton, lbs., 620,972; indigo, none. At this day, there is no sugar ex? ported, coffee and logwood being the only exports. The coffee is gathered ?ftild from, the mountains and tho abam?oi?jk French plantations. All" that is rl?ured to be done is to cttt down the tree and carry it to market. The cultivation has ceased. The sta? tistics of 1840, the latest published, are of exportation: Sugar, noue j cof? fee, lbs., 30,608,343; cotton, lbs., 544.516. . * ?fellator Sumner, ii? a recent speech, estimated tho exports of Hayti at 2,683,000, and Mr. Sumner *is an abolitionist. In 1790, the exports were 27,82S,000. Was such a spec? tacle ?f decay ev^r witnessed before? Hayti, which seventy years before sui> plied half Europe with sugar, is now supplied from tin; United States, or rather, was before the war. The wrjter then tn: ns to Jamaica. Facts and figures arti presented which .ought to, if they will not, make a deep impression upon both our Government and people. Hi- says : Let us now turn to Jamaica. It is I about 1?0 miles long by 50 in width. ?"Its area is about 64,000 Square miles, j The last census was taken in 184-4, ; when the population stood as follows: j Whites 15,779; negroes, 293,128; mu? lattoes, 98;529. The white population is dying out through ihe blood of the negro. The negroes freed in 1S33 were te serve five years apprenticeship- Th planters were paid 630,000,000 for thc loss of service. Tlie value of exports, as published in Harper & ISrother's Cyclopedia ol Commerce, before and since emanci? pation, is tis follows: BEFORE EMANCIPATION. Yen rs. Value of Exports 1800.!.?3,033,23! 1?10.,. 2,303,57< AFTER EMANCIPATION. ! 1853.?S37,27< j 1854. ?.J32,:)t< Here is a decline of three-fourths Another way is to estimate the ?pian tity of the productions before am since. In 18* >5, two years before th? prohibition ot African emigration the productions of Jamaica were a follows: PKODT7CTIONS OF JAMAICA IN 1805. Sugar-hhds. 150,35: Jilin"? -imni-li. 40.S3 Pimento--lbs.-..?..1.041.54 Coffee-lbs.17,'.Hit,?)2 Then the productions wert; at th highest- point They afterwards dc cUned, and in 1834 it stood: Sugar-hhds. 84,75 Hum-punch. 32.11 Pimento-lbs. 8,605,40 j Coffee-lbs.17,725,7a I The first year after emancipation j productions declined nearly 1,000,00 ! hhds,; coffee declined 7,000,00 (jibs j This 'decrease steadily continued, and in 1856, the productions cjf Jamaic stood: Sugar-hhds. 25,75 Rum-punch. . 14,47 Pimento-lbs.0,848,62 Coffee- lbs.3,320,11 The only article which has increase is- pimento,mor allspice. The reaso of the increase is that the pimento i not cultivated, but grows* wild i many places. From a report made to the Hons of Assembly during the years 183' '40, '50, '51, and '52, we find the fo lowing: Sugar estates abandoned, 12! sugar estates partially abandoned, 7 coffee plantations abandoned, 9( cofl'ee plantations partially abandoi ed, 66; making a total of 891,187! I the five years succeeding emancipt tion . there were abandoned: Sug; restates 140, comprising 108,032; co fee plantations 465, comprising 188 ? 400. Added to the foregoing, it is state that the "Cyclopedia of Commerce says "the negro is rapidly reeedii into a savage stat*;, and that unie there is a large and immediate supp! of immigrants, all society will come ' a speedy end, and the island (Jamaic become a second Hayti.'* Such are the results of emaneipatic elsewhere. What they will be hi tl Southern ^States, time only can te Certain it is that if the negro be savi from receding into a savage state, can only be by some well r?gul?t system of labor, and that this syste must be devised by the wliite man hu will devise none for himself. Mo than this, fhat system must be devise not by those who are ignorant of 1 habits, his disposition, his nature, ai why never associated with him, b by those who do, and who have bei with him as a boy, and grown up wi him tus a man. His labor and conti left to New England dictation, ai the South would soon become a st ond Hayti. His political Ind soc: status, if left to the Boston fanath would soon make the South anoth Jamaica, and the negro race in "rapidly needing into d savage statt [To the">cm.bined wisdom, therefoi ? . A' m .* of tho whole nation, in tho name of humanity, we appeal, as well for the negro as tho white race; see to it that the results following emancipation in tho "West Inala Islands do not folio-w? it in these Southern States. "We feat it not if the negro be made to feel and know that "by the sweat of his brow ?he must earn his daily bread;" that the freedom bestowed upon him is not. to be wasted in idleness; that he is free? but free only to labor, and to ob? serve all thc restrictions which law, order, society,, and morabty, impose upon the white man; and that the mark by which the Creator has de? signed he shall be known as being of a distinct race will not be wiped out ; that this is a white man's government, the negro being governed in it. Taught this, tho negro may escape the fate of his nice in the West India Islands, and the Southern States, in their productions, tiro same sad results. In a word, yielding freedom to the slave, let it, for the sake of humanity, and for ci\*?ization,%prove a blessing and not a curse to lum. This in' his changed relation to his former master, is what his former master, if it be left to him, would honestly endeavor to promote. Otherwise, the future, who can divine ? From Orangeburg-. A gentleman who has just passed over the route from this city to Ornngoburg writes as follows: The corn looks generally well; the kite rains have savecrtt. The pests are thriving. I did not note any potato patches, but saw that farmers were setting out the slips. They will need to save their fodder heedfully, in order to secure an adequate supply of forage. Hay should also be cured in as large quantities as possible; and as the working ol the corn has been gene- | rally careless, and there is a deficiency IK t ry wher? of plough force, there? is an abundance of grass. The fields aro generally grassy. The seasons will make the crop, rather than the labor. The area of cultivated ground is- vastly loss thar, usual, owing to the lack of mule power, the great diminu? tion of workers in the fields, and the mon? sluggish working. Most plant? ers report less than half thc usual quantity of land put in cultivation; so that, even though all the culture shall be yielded to the provision trop, there will still bo a bare sufficiency for the support of flic country. There will be little or none for export. There is but little cotton planted. Buy all you can, giving a ; high as thirty-five to forty cents in greenbacks. If yan ! have ?1(10,(100 to spire, invest in cot- . ton at these prices. We will share the 1 profits, you finding the capital and I j the counsel. Wie couutry everywhere \ improves in warlike virtues. Robbery is the order of the day, precisely as if war prevailed still. Farmers groan \ over -"fields stripped of matin A>rn. The good wives groan over melon j patches denuded of all fruit long be? fore it ripens. Housewives report al dreadful mortality among the poultry. | Hen roosts ure as little safe ?es qyer. j If tho sun did not make a report of his own rising, there^re few chanti deers left to crow over the breaking of day. Beatings and shootings occur to impart a more tragic interest to events, and disturb the monotony of life by tho occasional introduction of death. Briefly, we aro re-approaching the dark ages of feudalism, when the strong robber, founded aristocracy and nobility, and made a glorious family name and record out o? ruined towns ?fud plundered coffers. We are ra? pidly arriving at conditions which lead to feudal iordtjJaips, and possibly new Magna Chartas. We shall get buck in time to the old virtuous law, "That they should take who have the power, And they should koop who can." Hurrah for Rob Roy! We shall have to legitimate his practices, if only to assure men of good titles for what they procure by virtuous practices. And virtuous practice is manhood; and manhood is power; and might is de? cidedly right. So let Gov. Perry look to it, and so endeavor to shape his government as to please and satisfy all those who, after the settling down of the waters, shall find themscU'es on the topmost wave. The weat her is too hot to meditate any idle reforms. Let us leave them for colder and tamer ages. A quarter of a century hence, our gaand-children may degenerate into merely good citizens, with too little energy to steal. The Washington correspondent of the New York World says Gov. Perry, of South Carolina, will not b9 dis? placed, it is said, by tho President, though there seeim to bo strong feel? ing them in favor of it. White labor ia in i-TO&t demand in the wheat raising regions of Texa3. Local Items. Something should l>o dunc to stop tho raid on tho bridges ?lx>ut the streets. Very few of them are left, and these few ar? daily "getting small by degress and beauti? fully l*!ixs" "We are pleased .to uoticn that Al?ser?. Muller & Sonn have resumed their grocery, business. One by One our old merchants are''coming! out"-which shows that they arr flot all "dead, but only sleeping." Mr. C. H. Baldwin, who for several years con? ducted business in thia city, is also-making arrangements to commence . operations again-at Allen A Dial's old stand. Wo wish them all success. ROBBERT.-Mr. C. A. Bedell's store, and tho one adjacent, were robbed again on Tuesday night-making tinco times within a month. This time the robbers appeared to have worked very deliberately, as a frosh wagon track, loading in an Easterly direc? tion, was discovered in thc morning; and, it is supposed, tho stolon Articles were carfted off in that way. Wo hope Col. "Haughton will give his attention to the matter and have a sufficient gu ird put on, as robberies are getting to b<- of such frequent occur? rence as to make it very unpleasant. The issue of the Roman Catholic Directory for 1805, under the authority of the lute Cardinal Wiseman, gives a . concise view of tho Church of Homo in England and Scotland during tho past year, and especially its progress in London. The ecclesiastical staff, which was immediately under Cardi? nal Wiseman numbers no fewer than 1,338 priests, (including 17 bishops,) for England, and 183 priests for Scot? land; (including four bishops,) making a total for Great Britain of 1,521 priests. There is thus an increase during the year of no fewer than 71 priests in England and 5 in Scotland in all 7(1. In England, thexe are Oil churches and stations: in Scotland, 191-making in all 1,132. Thus, there is un increase of 34 churches in Eng? land during thc year. There are also 9H monasteries in England. There are none avowedly as yet in Scotland. There Ls an increase during the year of two of these institutkms. There are 197 nunneries in England, and 14 in Scotland-in all 201, showing an increase during the year of 5 in Eng? land and 1 in Scotland, There are 10 colleges in England nnd 2 in Scot? land, which is the same number as last year. Cardinal Wiseman, in order to illustrate to his andienet- at the re? cent Catholic Congress -at Mechlin, trie progress of his operations in Lon? don, showed the number of churches; nunneries, monasteries, and orphan? ages for 1829, 1*51 and 1863; and, bringing down these figures so far as we can with certainty to the present date, we see the more readily tho steady and rapid progress which the Church of Rome is makiag, especially in London. In 1829, then- were 29 churches ?ind 1 nunqg?ry; in 1S51, 40 churches, 9 nunneries and 2 monaste? ries; in 1865, 117 churches, 31 nunne eies and 15 monasteries. It will thus be seen that Cardinal Wiseman had really much ground for boasting of progress. From his arrival in Eng? land till his death, there have been in and about London alon?.' no fewer than 71 churches built, 22 nunneries and 13 monasteries established, beside* orphanages, hospitals and schools. "\ No CELTAS OP BEES.-Mr. Teget meier, of the Entomological Society, maintains that bees have no instinct in shaping their cells, as^ has usually been supposed; but thc form is tho consequence of the law of the pro? perty'of space, that of seven circles of equal radii, six will just surround the seventh. The eel! of the bee is invariably hemispherical at the com? mencement, and the section of a" cell not in contact with another is always circular. Considerable lager beer is drank in Philadelphia. Two brewers have sold there during one month, to dealers, 12,772 kegs of beer. Tho cost to the retailers was S:i4,702. * Euch keg ave? rages 95 glasses, thus giving 1,223,340 glasses. At five cents per glass-tho price obtained-the sum of $60.287.50 was realized, making the profits of tho retailers 615,065. This is all from only two small breweries, and 'there aro thirty such establishments in that city. The famous vessel, Alexandria, in? tended for a blockade runner, has been turned into a river boat, and plies between London and Gravesend. She is a novelty on the Thames, J s die is the only boat that luis cabins upon deck, in the American style. Mists Maria Mitchell has boen ap? pointed Astronomical professor in th? Vassar p9maio CoUogo, Poughkeepsie, ? ;ho only knevrn instance of a lady'a ?olding mich a position. Mis?. M.. ?3 he di~>co7erer o? a comet which bcara \rr name.