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Tho Situation of tho Country-Tho Now atari of tho Ropnblie. The eighty-ninth anniversary of the 'American nation has passed, and we DOW take a new start in history. When we consider what this couotiy has accomplished in less than a century we are amazed; but what we have accomplished is as bothing comps-ed to what we shall achieve during the next one hundred years. For the last four years the strength oC this Govern? ment, which had already been tested by several small rebellious and a foreign war, has been still more severely tried by a vast insurrection, and it has shown itself fully equal to any demand which can be made upon it. We have now got rid' of the dogma of State Rights; we have got rid of the odious institution of slavery; we have got rid of the latent hostility between the two sections of the country, and we have got rid of the rule of stereo? typed politicians. Consequently we ?re now in a splendid condition to take a new start and redeem all the errors of the past. We shall start under the very best *us*picea. Our flag, which foreign nations and domestic traitors sought to tear in half, is now honored and re? spected all over" the world. All of the seceded States are now iu the Union, firmly and safely, with the single ex? ception of the peninsula of Florida, which wai of very little Account before or during the war, and which now only awaits the appointment of a pro? visional governor. President Johnson has so well managed the work of re? construction, or rather of restoration, that the whole country has united in his support, as it united to support Washington and Lincoln. The poli? ticians are therefore at a disadvantage. They cannot defend President John son, since nobody attacks him; and they are equally unable to attack him since everybody is ready to volunteei in his defence. To keep them in this position, like serpents with their fang! drawn, is the purpose of all tru< patriots; and so long as Presiden Johnson continues in the .admiraba line of policy which he has market out for himself, there will be no necea sky for the existence of more than ont party in the Republic. An oppositioi cannot exist without something ti oppose; and hitherto no one has foun< anything to oppose under the admiois tratidn of President Johnson. Evet the radicals, who are cronic fault finders, have ceased their grumbling seeing that nobody considered i worthy of serious attention, and tbs it was not at all likely to lead to an practical results, 'lhis sudden cess? tion of the radical fanfaronade is on of the best proofs of the unanimity i the country. The work before us during the nei decade is by no means easy, and yet is by no means beyond our powers. I the first place, we must re organij and re-in vig?rate the South. Th! region, which has been blasted ar desolated by the war, roust be made 1 blossom like the rose. This can on be done by the aid of Northern caf tal and the hearty and'cordial effor of the Southerners themselves. In roately acquainted as we are with tl people of both sections, we have n the slightest doubt that this work w be speedily accomplished in the han somest possible style. In the secot place, there is the queition of neg suffrage, which underlies the futt prosperity of the South. If the Sou! erners are wise they, will at once grr the negroes a vote and guard it such educational or property qual cations as" are now in force in Mas chusetts and New York, To tb qualifications no one can possit object, and the simple fact that I South has willingly complied with t demand for negro suffrage will more to re establish the Union tba; thousand, victories in the field. ] sides this, it will give the South control of several hundred thous: new votes, which will otherwise into the hands of the radical lear.' of the North, and it will enable Southern States to secure a ape representation ia Congress, if not the other departments of the Govi meot. We believe that the South* ers have learned wisdom enough ring the war to consent to wba inevitable, sod that negro sn fir ag consequently a thing accomplished. In the third place, the national debt must be paid. When the South is regene? rated and is laboring band in hand with the North, there will be no dif? ficulty in regard to our debt. Every? thing is, therefore, favorable for a new start on the path of empire, and the situation of the country is really as excellent aa could be desired. \New York Herald. . .United States Direct Tax. In reply to the many inquiries daily made of us as to the character, etc., of the United States tax, we copy the following from the Charleston Courier. From another source we learn that this tax, if paid within the sixty days from the time of notice, ia eight dollars on the thousand dol?ais of valuation. We presume that real estate in this State will be taxed according to its real value and not at the arbitrary value heretofore fixed by the State for the purposes of taxation; but, on this point, we are not confident: The United States tax now being collected by the commissioners in Charleston is levied by an Act of Con? gress, approved August 5, 1861, and is part of a tax for the year 1861, upon the entire real estate of the nation. The quota of the States then in rebellion not having been paid, an Act was passed in June-approved the 7th-1862, extending the provisions of the tax law to 'insurrectionary dis tricts.' It ts under this latter Act, as amended February 6,1863, and March 3, 1865, that the commissioners are DOW proceeding. By its provisions,.as soon as the na? tional military authority is established over any political sub-division of a State, Che law is to go into effect. The commissioners are directed to assess a due proportion of the tax upon each piece of real estate, whether in town or. country, open an office, and give notice that the tax is payable and they are prepared to receive it. The assess? ment is to be based on the last valua? tion made by the State prior, to Janu? ary 1,1861, or in default of that, upon such other valuation as the commis? sioners may be best able to ascertain. The tax is to be received sixty days from the giving of the notice, without interest; after that period, interest attaches at the rate of ten per cent, per year from the first day of July, 1862. Each tax-payer is to appear at the office of the commissioners in person, or, in case he cannot so appear, then by his attorney, either in fact or le? gally appointed; and the attorney must show that the person whose tax he applies to pay either bas not engaged in the rebellion voluntarily, or has taken the oath of allegiance to the United States. On the expiration of the sixty days, all property on which tho tax is unpaid is considered forfeited to the Untied States,' and the commissioners may sell the same by giving thirty days' notice. But the tax may be paid at any time before the day appointed for sale, by paying the .nterest accruing as above, stated, and in addition, a penalty equal to one-half the tax, which attaches as soon as the property is advertised for sale. The interest in Charleston became chargeable after the 6th inst The penalty will not so become, probably, till November next, before which time, it is thought, no advertisement of tax sales will he made. After the sale, sixty days is allowed for redemption on payment of pur? chase money, with interest at the rate of 15 per cent, per year from time of sale. Any person can redeem within this time. After that, persons proving loyalty may redeem at any time within ' a period of from one to two years, varying in length according to their ' class, whether as persons beyond seas, . minors, etc., and according to the dis? . cretion of the tax commissioners. An > appeal may be made from the decision I of the tax commissioners to the United ' States Courts. ? The certificates of sale, however, is . sued by the commissioners, can be affected in only one of three ways: . 1st, by showing no tax was charge ? able; 2d, by showing payment of tax; ' or, 3d, redemption of property. The commissioners are empowered ? to bid in, under certain regulations, . property for the United States at the tax sales. The property so bid in may afterwards be resold in quantities not to exceed 320 acres to any one pur? chaser. At these secondary sales, officers, soldiers, sailors and marines, having faithfully served in the army, navy or marine corps of the United States for not less three months, are entitled to buy, by paying one-fourth the purchase money down, and the balance within three years, without interest. Under certain other regulations the commissioners are required to bid in lands at the tax sales for various Go> vernment and charitable purposes. More than one-half of the lands sold for taxes in Beaufort District have been so bid in. Some of these have been set apart for military purposes, but by far the larger share has been reserved for schools and for 'heads of families of the African race,' to whom they have been sold in small parcels not exceeding twenty acres each, at private sale, and at the nominal price ot oue.dollar and a half an acre. THE Two ARMIES.- An English officer, who got, to Richmond just in time to witness the evacuation, writes home from Canada, which he was fortunate enough to reach, that he witnessed the last battles before Peters- j durg, the departure of one army, and the entry of tho other. He says: The Confederate army had no ' forage, no rations, little clothing, bad ammunition-in fact, nothing but their indomitable pluck-and were almost starving at the time of sur? render. I am not exaggerating; food everywhere waa scarce, and I was hungry enough myself sometimes. The Federal army was splendidly equipped and furuiahed with every possible requisite, abundance of stores, fresh meat, vegetables, everything a soldier could wish for; their wagon train was magnificent, and decidedly the best branch of their service. We have nothirjg*at all like it The Virginia Legislature has ad? journed. Nearlv all the measures re? quired by Gov. Pierpont to assist him in the work of reconstructing the State Government were passed, eliciting little or no debate in their passage. The most important of these was that extending the elective franchise to persons who were excluded from it by the Alexandria Constitution. These persons are those who have voluntarily giveu aid and comfort Co the rebellion since the first of January, 1864. The election of members of Congress and of the new Legislature is to take place on tho 12th of next October. At this election the people are also to decide whether the Legislature shall have power to repeal the constitution? al provision which excludes from hold? ing office all who have been engaged in the rebellion. BIRDS.-In Philadelphia, the birds introduced into thc public squares aro growing in numbers rapidly, building nests almost directly over the public walks, and make the air melodious with their sweet, cheery voices. They are living entirely upon the worms and moths which now, as in years past, infest the trees, and are, it is thought, effecting a great deal of good in their persistent hungry warfare on these nuisances. Wrens are largely in tho majority; owing to the fact that the bird boxes put up iu the trees were not made large enough for other birds; but there aro also blue birds, sparrows, and other varieti'" flitting about, and next year they, too, will be comfortably settled. Saddle and Bridle for Sale. ANO. 1 SADDLE and BRIDLE aad SADDLE CLOTH for sale. Apply to G. D. HOPE July IS 3* Richland street. PIANO, FURNITURE, &c. AT private sale, an elegant Rosewood 7-octavo PIANO, various articles of FURNITURE, GLASS and CHINA. Also, a set of elegant LACE CURTAINS and CORNICES, perfectly new. Apply corner Bull and Lady streets, rear of Eresby te rian Church._ July 18 3* For Sale, AFINE TOP BUGGY, (new,) with a good HORSE and set of SILVER PLATED H ARNESS. Also, a Double Set of HARNESS and one CARRIAGE POLE. Can be seen at soy time, at my residence oo Camden street. 4 C. HAMBURG. July 18 3* _i j 1 AUCTION SALES. Zealy, Scott and Bruns WILL sell, at their marl, THIS MORN? ING*, at 10 o'clock, . Blankets, Sheela, Pillow-slips, Shirts. Clothing, Men's and Boya' Straw Hat-, . Cribs, Fenders, Copper Pots, Rocking Chairs, Ovens, Pots, Plates, Cups and Saucers, Lamps, Figs, Pickled Beef, Ac. Terms cash. Unlimited articles received up to hour of sale._July 18 1 Nails, Iron, Shoes, Yarn, Furnitur?, ?LC. By A. R. Phillips. TO-MORROW (Wednesday) MORNING, at Q$ o'clock, I will sell, at my Auction Room, Bedell's Row, 10 kegs Nails, assorted sizes. S.OOO Horse-shoe Iron. 48 pairs Ladies' firle Leather Gaiters. Bunches Cotton Yarn. ALSO, Bureau, Bedstead, Chairs. Mattresses, Feather Bede, Tables. Washstands, Trundle Bedstead. Letter and Cap Paper, lot Books. Bathing Tub, bottles Vinegar. Lot Wool and Curled Hair. 100 Empty Bags. Twilled and Homespun Drawers, ?cc. N. B.-Unlimited articles received until hour of sale. July 18 2 j An Extensive and Positive Sale of Handsomt j Furniture. j _ By Jacob Levin. JOSEPH SAMSON, Salesman. WILL be sold, without any reserve, TO? MORROW MORNING, 19th inst., at 10 o'clock, at the residence of Mr. Hei, three squares below the State House, j Marble-top Bureau, do. Washstand, do. Centre Tables, Bedsteads, (French.) Ma? hogany Wardrobe, with Mirrors, do. Rock? ing Chairs, do. Chairs, large Mirrors, Sofas, Carpets, Beds and Bedding, Secretarv and Bookcase, Books, (valuable,)Damask Cur? tains, Crockery and Glassware, Kitchen Utensils, and a general assortment of use ful articles required in families. * ALSO, Two fine Pianos, in good condition. ALSO. Two Cowa and Calves-giving a quan? tity of milk. Conditions cash. July 18 2 Building Lot for Idease of Five Years. By Jacob Levin, Auctioneer. OK MONDAY next, 24th inst, I will offer at public auction, on a lease of five years. The VACANT LOT on Assembly street, adjoining Messrs. Zealy, Scott A Bruna, belonging to the Hebrew Benevolent So? ciety of Columbia. The said lot measures 40 feet on front and running back East wardly 108 feet. CONDITIONS.-Bond, with two approved securities, payable in quarterly instal? ments. July 18 CRUSHED SUGAR. NO. 1 CRUSHED SUGAR, at 30 cents per pound. For sale by A. S. TRUMBO, July 18 1 Henderson street WANTED, GOLD and SILVER COIN. SILVERWARE. Securities and Valuables. Highest prices paid. ZEALY, SCOTT A BRUNS, Brokers, Auctioneers and Com. Merc'ta, July 18 8 Assembly street. CB0CKEKYWABE. PLATES, CUPS A3?D SAUCERS. DOZ. assorted PLATES. era. 25 doz. assorted Cups and Sauc At-extraordinary low prices. ZEALY, SCOTT A BRUNS. July 18 2 50 2~ DOZ. LADIES* GAITERS. tj 25 " " Sewed Bootees. 25 doz. Ladies' Pegged Bootees. Cheap. ZEALY, SCOTT A BRUNS. July 18_2 Exchange Bank, COLUMBIA, S. C., JULT 17, ?86S. ?MEETING of .Stockholders of this Bank will be held at Mr. C. J. Bollin 's dwelling house, on WEDNESDAY, 19th inst., at ll o'clock a. m., for electing a President and Directors of this Bank, and for other purposes. 0 July 18 HENRY E. SCOTT, Cashier. A- F. M A A COMMUNICATION of Rich >?#V'LAND Lodge No. 19, A. F. M., wili /V\be held THIS EVENING, 18th inst, for the transaction of business. The Master's Degree will be conferred on all entitled to receive the same. By order of the W. M. R. TOZER, Sec'y. July 18 "NEW BONNETS-NEW HATS. JUST received and for sale at the resi? dence of Mrs, S. J. COTCUETT, on Barnwell street, between Laurel and Rich? land streets, an assortment of FASHION? ABLE STRAW BONNETS and HATS white and colored. Also, Ladies'GLOVES -a superior article. Ladies are invited to call and examine for themselves. July 18 tutb2* n ARRIVALS ! ! "Via OliarleiBton MELVIN M. COHEN, Assembly Street, West Side, one door from Pendleton Street, COLUMBIA, S. C., ijrfC?j BEGS leave to inform the publie WijobPthat he han juat received i SELECT If?a&and VARIED STOCK of GOODS, which will be sold at WH0LE8ALE AND RETAIL J -A.* Low Prices t CONSISTING Or. Prime Goshen Butter, Choice Leaf Lard, White Northern Cheese, English Dairy " Dutch Herrings, t?moked Herrings, Mackerel, Sardines, Brown Sugar Crushed Sugar. Superior Green Tea, Black Tea, Coffee, Raisins, Prunes, Dates, Figs. " Citron, Pipes, Gum Drops. Sugar Plums, Wine Crackers, Congress " Ginger Cakes, (. Lemon Syrup, Raspberry 8yrup, English Hops, Fig Blue, for washing, Colored Handkerchiefs, Ladies' and Gent's Hose, Shoe Brushes. Blacking, Pickles, Buckets, Brooms, Measures, POCKET-BOOKS and VIOLIN STRINGS, Scarf?'etti Smoking Tobacco, Fine Cut and Chewing * Choice Cigars, Fancy Bar Soap, Toilet Soap, Clethes Lines, Adamantine Candles, Sperm " Tallow '? Ladies' fine Gaiters, Gent's " " Assorted Cordials, French Brandy, Plantation Bitters, Bpurbon Whiskey, Rye Corn " Claret, Port Wine, Cream Ale, Gum Arabic, Acetic Acid, Race Ginger, Powd; TOOTH BRUSHES, HAIR BRUSHES, COPPERAS, SOZODONT, MATCHES, Ac, <tc. .ALSO, A supply of FRESH LEMONS. Together with a variety of DRUGS, AND Fancy Articles. NOTICE.-No liquors of any descrip? tion will be sold from this establishment without an order from Col. Haughton, Commanding Post, or the certificate of a respectable practising physician, known to the subscriber. July 18 tutli2