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OOIJUMSIA. I Thursday Morning, Jane 1, 1865. Delusion lu Externals. !* The exhibition of natioanl splendor or of private opulence is seldom a sure proof of national prosperity. The bankrupt makes bis most extraordinary displays of , profligacy, just before his open failure! and there is no moral filth more shocking than that which imperial trappings are . employed to conceal. Remarking to a pupil the various transactions which had takeu place within a short period, in and about Adieus, during the splendid career of Policies, one of the Greek sages con? trasted its condition unfavorably with that of the period when it was mostly wanting in its present magnificence. Ile deplored thc luxuries which had sprung up around him, superseding the humble desires and the moderate ambitions of a virtuous sim plicily among thc people. Mere beauty of externals could not reconcile him to the lottenness which lay below; and he pre? dicted these destinies which were inevita? ble from the indulgence which never suf? fered its means lo regulate the extent of its desires, lt is only the few, in any country, who can honestly make an exhi? bition of wealth, or can virtuously repose iu that indolenco which even wealth can? not justify. An}' struggle, therefore, on the part of the great bod}- of the commu? nity, after the shows and pomps^which belong to iiches, must be neither more nor less than a contest in fraud for the honors of bankruptcy. The philosopher would always prefer to see a country thickly scattered over with smiling and cultivated farms, even though, at the same time, the treasury of State or city re? mained empty-since a people prosperous by means of labor can always meet the emergeuey, whatever form it ma}-take, by which State or city is endangered, lt ir not so certain that State or city can help a dissolute people, who have yet to learn the first rudiments of industry-. The no blest edifices in every country are true hearts and strong hands, souls not debased by indigence nor enervated by luxury, These will must certainly be. found ii .ever} iiaii.iu, wio-i-e the Government, nei thcr subjects them for ?LS creatures, rioi affords them an un wholesome example In its pomps.--a people who will have afilia love for the soil they cultivate, and fo the Government which, protecting then from others, does not itself seek to oppres them! "J would rather," said the sage "see the national treasury forever withou a penny; than know that any worthy citi zen stood hopelessly in necd*of one." The Last of the Confederate Navy The Courier states that something defi nite concerning thc fate >>f the rebel rar Stonewall has been received. Her com manlier, act ing upon prudence, has see fit to turn the vessel over to the Spanis authorities at Havana, to be held by thei in trust for the United States Governmen The Ctiptain did not have funds sufficier to pay olf the crew. Accoiding to th opinion of experienced naval officers, th ram is like all others built by and for th Confederates-a failure in point of figh ing qualities. Against a wooden vesse she would have had some chance; bi when it came to fighting an iron-clad, was considered prudent to decline tl; contest. With the exception of the Sh. nandoah, the surreuder of the Stouewa disposes of the entire fleet of rebel pt vateers. The Shenandoah is supposed 1 be in the vicinity of the Ea6t Indies. SI will doubtless be heard from definite within a few days, and if we do not err judgment, she will not veuture tar t wards our coast. WHERE IS A U S. MAIL AGENT?-Tha the question. And a very important 01 it is, too. If there is a person cloth, with authority to set the mail machine agoing in this section, we wish he wou make his appearance and "come down his work." If there is no such individi assigned to duty for "here nud hoi abouts," we sincerely hope tho departmc at Washington will take mercy on v pn miserable singers, and immediately na our mail matters once more righted. 1 says the Augusta Chronicle, but, as it 1 plies equally well to this section, we adc the recommendation. lt is raid that some ol' th? North c,\ boa planters will procure white labor from Hie r-'crlb, . n acceuut of the scare ban']s Trade. Wo doubt not that, as soon aa the dif? ferent railroads in the Stnto aro placed in running order,'there will be a brisk trade between this city and the cities and towns in the interior. A number of our enter? prising merchants, in anticipation of this trade, have t.iken large stocks of goods to points on the North eastern and the South Carolina Railroads, and offer to take cot? ton iu exchange for the merchandize. The people in thc country ure very desirous to provide themselves with dry goods, cloth? ing, groceries, otc. but have not the cash with which to purchase. With the cotton, however, which they have on hand, they will fiud no difficulty in making bargains. What the people are mostly in waut of now are facilities for transporting eotton. Horses and mules are very scarce, and there are few wagons to be obtained. Even when th? railroads are iu operation the holders of notion will meet with some drawbacks at first in getting the cotton to points where it may be shipped, on ac- | count of the lack of wagon transportation. Rut in thc course of time facilities will be | presented, and then a lively trade will I comm-mce. The ?piestion is repeatedly asked- How arc the people in the country to provide themselves with greenback?? That they can easily do when thc Government agents appointed to purchase cotton establish j their offices in different portious of the State, lt cannot be expected that green? backs will be abundant, in the interior until crops are raised; but there will, doubtless, be a sullicient quantity to in? augurate a yood trade within a short time. lt is highly important, in order to se? cure a circulation of money through the States of the South," that close attention be given to the cultivation of the soil. Not a few planters express apprehension that they will he unable to secure labor? ers. We think no difficulty of that nature will arise, provided the owners of planta? tions are early in making proper arrange ments with the persons whom they choose lo employ. The colored people are de pended upon to do the work, and it is with t hem that the planters must deal. In Ibis connection, it may not.be amiss ' to say to thc colored people in the country, who contemplate coming to the eily to live, that the supply of rice which the Government has been distributing to the poor is nearly exhausted, nnd they will be compelled to seek employment ??ut of the city, in order to keep off starvation. In view of this, the more intelligent of the freedmen should lose no time in ex? plaining to the others among th?m that they will best serve their own interests by remaining on the plantations and receiving a fair compensation for their services. iCIiarlcston Courier. ORAXCKIIUKG, S. C , Maj'25.-Daily rail? road communication with Charleston and the re-opening of the telegraph office changes the appearance ot this village completely. Besides the troops, many visitors, including old and new friends, frequent t he streets. Fire has disfigured the town, but its groves and lawns are uninjured Stores are being opened and trade revives. The corn fields in this vicinity are iu fine condition; but not all of them aie early. Other crops promise well. Much planting lias been done, and the negroes remain willingly with their old masters, when they are well used. Last Sabbath, the negroes in this section i congregated about the camp of the 55th Massachusetts C. T., a mile and a half from town, and listened to a discourse from a preacher of their own color. He repeated the sentiments of Rev. Henry W. Beecher, advising industry, respectful be? havior and renewed life. The 55th Regi? ment O. V. attended the Presbyterian Church here. The citizens are gladly taking the oath of allegiance, and, although the houses are all full, there is generally a welcome for the stranger at every door. Property is respected, and there is a disposition among the soldiers to favor the people in every way possible. The orphan children are special favorites in the camps. [Cor. Charleston Courier. THE DUTY OK THE SOUTHERN PEOPLE. Our people, the people of all the South, should arouse themselves to a true sense of their present political condition, and reso? lutely resolve to discharge every duty re? quired of them as oitizens of the United States, or that may be required of them by the laws of the liud, and their obliga? tions to society, their families and friends. There is much for them all to do, and time to do it in; but there is no time for the indulgence of feelings of humiliation, or of any other that will detract from their usefulness to society or to the State-the country in which they live, or of which they are citizens. The lot of the South is the award of destiny. There is no power on earth certainly none within the limits of South? ern territory-that can change it. We must receive it and abide by it. Let this, then, be done, not in a despondent but in a hopeful spirit; not as a people humiliat? ed in their own estimation, when they are not so in the world's; not as a race infe? rior to any, but ns a race equal to any, in all the attributes conferred by his Maker upon man.-Atlanta Intelligencer. The New York Herald, of the 24th. says that 1,800 rebel prisoners were released from confinement at Indianapolis, Ind., on yesterday and the dav previous, on taking the oath "f nllcgiance. Local Items. The office of the Columbia Phoenix is on Gatos street, second door from Plain. We are indebted to Col. Haughton and Mr. Lewis P. Ashby for late New Torie, Charleston and Philadelphia papers. Alno< to Mr. J. Brown for the Winnsboro Ne-xf, and to the Southern Express Company for Augusta, Atlanta and Macon paper?. The Southern Express wagon line to Charlotte, Greensboro, Wilmington and intervening points has been resumed, and will run weekly, leaving Columbia every Thursday, until farther notice. Mr. H. Simons has commenced supply i ng hts old customers with bread*. Perhaps a few new ones could also be accommodated. Give him a trial. His bakery is on the South side of the College Campus. "QUICKEST TIMK ox RECORD."-I>r. J. W. Parker laid on our desk, yesterday morn? ing, at 10 o'clock, a copy of the Charles? ton Courier, of the 30th inst. The Doctor has, on this trip, we believe, made the best time between the two cities since the destruction of the railroad. TRANSPORTATION THROUGH THE UP Cocx TUY.-Our friend, S. W. "Wright-fami Early known as Sam-has several good teams and excellent drivers, with which he is prepared to transport freight to and from any part of the up country, at rea? sonable rates. In this connection, we would return our sincere thanks to Mr. Wright for repeated lavors in his line. PEACE AND THE POCKET BOOKS.-In the ?week aiding Moy 6, the subscriptions to the seven-thirty loan amounted, in r<und numbers, to $40.300,000. The people woke up to this astounding fact on Mon? day, and Tuesday mornings mails and telegrams brought to Jay Cooke <fe Co. orders for *15,165,300, which were filled that day. These were increased Wednes? day nearly two and a half millions; Thursday fell off ? little, though ?tili in advance of Tuesday; Friday was a little short of fourteen millions. Rut on Satur dav came a rush; nearly thirty and a half millions were tiie subscriptions for that day. The week footed tip as follows: Monday. May 8. $6,183.200; Tuesday, May 0, 15,165,300: Wednesday, May 10, 17. 410.100; Thursday, May" ll, 14,411,300; Friday, May 12. 13,702,300; Saturday, May 13, 30,451,950. Total for the week. $98,384.650. In twelve working days, the people lent the Government about $139, 000,000.-New York Tribune. RICHMOND REAL ESTATE.-A speculator who went to Richmond some two weeks nero to make investments in real estate, il he could do so with a prospect of profit, lins just returned here. Ile made no pur chases, for the reason that buildings and lots have been already put up to a high figure, the prices in many instances being three times that charged before the war. Lots in the burnt district cannot he had. except at prices as great as those charged a year ago for the same lots with the buildings on them. Our informant says the amount per foot ia greater than in this city. This is the voluntary tribute of the people to Yankee enterprise and thrift. The only answer to any protest against the extortion being, "Times are changed; this yere is gwiue to he a big city now, youens have come."-New York Tribune. Jeff. Davis, Clement C. Clay and some 1 other members of the party of leading rebel captives were on Monda}- last taken from the steamer Clyde, in Hampton Roai's, and transferred to the strong caso mates of Fortress Monroe for safe keeping. On the dav previous, the rebel Vice Pre? sident and Postmaster-General, Alex. H. Stephens and Regan, were despatched on board the Tuscarora for Fort Lafayette, in New York harbor, and Gen. Wheeler, three of his staff officers and Cols. John son and Lubbock were started for Fort Delaware. The wife and family of Jeff. Davis were not placed in Fortress Monroe; but it is understood that they will be sent back to the South, and not be permitted to come to the North.-New York Herald. The New York Herold expresses the opinion that, before the end of the coming summer, cotton can be purchased any? where for tweuty cents. Making liberal allowance for all that has been shipped off.Jall that has been worked up in domes? tic factories, all that has been wasted, and all that has been burned by both armies, there are, perhaps, not less than two mil? lions and a half of bales remaining of the last four years' crop in Hie Southern Slates, that will bo brought into market to meet the wants of the Southern people. A Wilmington (N. C.) paper s.iyp; Some I of our soldiers driving in the swamps back of the town, have struck a mine from which have alreauy been tnken several hundred barrels of turpentine and a quantity of rosin. The superiority of those mines over the Pennsylvania oil wells is that the product here is found in barrels all ready for market, the only expense ne? cessary in working them being the cost of labor in rolling the barrels out. Further explorations are being made. Council Proceedings. COUNCIL CHAMBEU, May :',0, 1SG5. Present-His Honor the Mayor; Alder? men Bates, Blakely, Glass. Glaze, Harris, Hope, Leaphart, Stork and Wells. The minutes of the 23d and 26th inst, were read and confirmed. The application of William Simons, for auctioneer's license, was referred to the Clerk, with power to grad. . The Relief Committee submitted a re? port, which wne adopted. . On motion of Alderman Harris, it was Resolved, That in view of the destitu? tion of tlie people of the city of Columbia nnd the surrounding country, and the im? possibility of the city furnishing provi? sions, that his Honor the Mayor be author? ized to confer with the United States au? thorities, and ascertain if any aid, in the way of food for the poor, can be obtained from the United States Government. On motion of Alderman Glass, it was Resolved, That the ordinance lo raise supplies for the year 18G5, and the ques? tion of collecting taxes, be referred to the Committee of Ways and Means, with a request that they report the) con at the next meeting. Alderman Blakely offered the following resolution, which was adopted: Resolved, That the Mayor, in conjunc? tion with the Chief of Police, have the power to reduce the policemen to such number as they in their discretion may think proper, aud that they make such appointments as they think most compe? tent. On motion of Alderman Glaze, il was Resolved, That the polie* be instructed to have the cattle, horses and mules that are found in Sidney Park after thc 1st day of June next, driven up daily to a place of security, and that a fine of $2 per head be collected from the owner; in case of de? fault of payment, the cattle to be butcher? ed for the benefit of the city, or disposed of as the Mayor may judge best. Council adjourned. A. G. BASK IN, City Clerk. A NEW LIGHT.-We were delighted on Thuieday evening in being able to have our establishment lighted once more with gas. The gas is now manufactured from coal, and any one who has seen the dim, sickly flame which is derived from '.rood, will not fail to appreciate the brilliant glow which is secured from coal. The Gas Company have made commendable efforts to repair the pipes in thc various parts of tlie city, and we suppose it will not be long before we shall see the; streets illuminated.- Chnrlestnu Courier, 20th. On the 17th of February last. Mr. Sum? ner introduced a joint resolution into the Senate of the United States, which after being adopted hy that body, was also adopted by the House on the 3d of March, and which subsequently became a law, declaring "that the rebel debt or loan is simply an agency of the rebellion, which the United States can never, under any circumstances, recognize in auy part or in any way. The Superintendents of the South west? ern, Macon and Western and Central Rail? road Companies, give notice that from and after tiie 2 ft th ult., the rates of fare over their respective roads will be five cents ! per mile in specie or national currenc}-. and double those rates if paid in bil's of Central and Georgia Railroad Banks, Bank of Savannah. Murine Bank and tlie Bank of Middle Georgia. JEFF. DAVIS* PLUNDER.-A gentleman recently arrived from Havana, says tlie Charleston Courier, states that it is au? thentically reported that, Jeff. Davis has to his credit in Havana the sum of $lft0,0?0, and has deposited in the Bank of France ?B350.0?0 in gold. Where did all this money come from? The United States Direct Tax Commis? sioners tor South Carolina give notice that their office in Charleston will be closed duiing the summer months. Per? sons having business with the commission? ers can communicate with them at their principal office in Beaufort, S. C. It ?9 estimated that in the old world there are 8.258 Masonic lodges, with 500,000 active members. The number of non-active and those who have withdrawn is nearly 3.000,000. "In many parts of North Carolina, hospi? tal "rats," deserters and disbanded men, are said to have established a reign of terror, plundering from friend or foe indis? criminately. Terrible destruction of property on thc Mississippi-the whole area from Donald Bonville and the Guli up to Red River overflowed. A carriage, harness and epan of horses have been tendered to President Johnson, by citizens of New York, which he'de? clined to accept. An agent of Brighim Young ?3 buying cotton seed in San Francisco, to plant in the Sandwich Islands. 800 houses, with their contents, valued at ?20,000,000, were destroyed by the fire in Richmond. Secretary Welles paid a short visit to Charleston a few days ago. Decora, a famous Winnebago chief, died recently at Lincoln. Wis., aged 183 years. Four years ago, Oil City numbered 100 inhabitants; now it contains obou* 10,OGo. MARRIED, On the evening of the 24th May, at the residence of Mr. L. G. Carter, Abbeville District, hv th- Kev. B. F. Mar.lv, D. D., Mr. E. C. EDGERTON, of Charleston, to Mi??? LAURA F. CAUTER, of Abbeville District. Burse Wanted. "1X7 ANTED, a competent WHITE WO V\ MAN, to take charge of ai infunt of a lady going North. Apply at thif office. Recommendations required. June 1 _1* For Blackstocks. jsgan FREIGHT and PASSAGE ? '^^^^fc>r BlBckitocka cnn be hud on TUESDAY or WEDNESDAY next, on application to D?RBEC <fc WALTER. June 1 _ Just Received and for Sale by?t j?rr?lllp Fogarty, Lumber Street, Arxaial Hill. SOAP, CANDLES. STARCH, HERRINGS, June 1 2* CALICO, Ac Headquarters, Northern District, DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH, CHARLESTON, S. C., April 25, 18?S. Circular lo Planter?, etc. NUMEROUS applications have been made to me for information as to the policy to be adopted on the subject of labor. All can understand the importance of making a crop thc present season, and foresee the misery and suffering consequent upon its failure. In the present unsettled state of the country, and in the absence of any recog? nized Slate authorities, I find it my duty to assume control of the plantations near the military lines, and order as follow.*: 1st. The planters, after taking the oath of allegiance, will assemble the freedmen (lately their slaves) and inform them that they aTe free, and that henceforth they must depend upon their own exertions lor their support. 2d. Equitable contracts in writing will be made by the owners of the laud with the freedmen for the cultivation of the land during thc present year. Payment will be mufle in kind, and the allowance of one half the crop is recom? mended as fair compensation for the labor., the landlord furnishing subsistence until thc crop is gathered. Tiles? contracts will be submitted to the nearest military or naval commander foi; approval and endorsement. When the above requirements are com? plied with, protection will be granted HS far as militar}- necessity will allow; but where no contract ismade, the crop rai??:-j will be considered forfeited lor tin n.-e of the laborers. Should the owners refuse to cultivate it, they will be considered as en? deavoring lo embarrass the Government, and the land will be used for colonies, ot the freedmen from the interior. JOHN P. HATCH. June 1 Brig. Gen Commanding. Headq'rs United States Forces, CITY OF COLUMBIA. S. C.. MAY 27. 1865. GENERAL ORDERS NO. ALL citizens having ia their possession any property that rightfully belongs Lo the United States Government, accord? ing to the terms of surrender of Gen. Jos. [^""Johnston, C. S. A.. to Gen. W. T. Sher? man, U.S. A., will immediately report the lame to these headquarters. Persons having mules, horses and wa? gons, will, for the present, be permitted to. retain the same for the purpose of carry hg on their work. Any persou failing to. somply with this order within a reasona? ble time, will not only bc deprived of any "arther us? of said property, but. will alsi> nibject themselves to punishment by mili? tary authority. Bv command of N. HAUGHTON, Lieut. Col. 25th O. Y. V., Com'dg City of Columbia, S C. W. J. KYLE. Lieut. 25th O. Y. Y. 1. and Post Adjutant. maj' 29 Hands Wanted. WANTED immediatelv about. SIXTY ABLE BODIED HANDS, to work >n my turpentine works. Good rations ssued and wages paid monthly. None leed apply without recommendations. Vpply at my residence, in rear of the Marion Street Methodist Church, .maySI 3* J. E. MEISTER. PAPER! PAPER! I.^OR sale, a small quantity of No. 1 1 WRITING PAPER. Uso. some ex ellent COPYING PAPER. Inquire at his office. may 30 Headq'rs United States Forces, CITY OF COLUMBIA, S. C., MAY 27. lS?i5. I EX ER AL ORDERS NO 4. N order to prevent any disturbance which may arise from th? improper use of in? dicating liquors, it is berebv ordered li?t, for the present, no intoxicating ii u rs will be sold or given away to any ilizen or soldier, unless permission is ranted from these headquarters. Any ne found guilty of disabc}'ing lh?9 order, nil not only have his goods confiscated, ut will be subject to punishment by mili iry law. By command of Lieut. Col. N. HAUGHTON, Comm II nding Post. W. J. KYLE, Lieut. 25th O. V. V 1. and 'ostjAojuuut. niy 29