University of South Carolina Libraries
F. W. WAGENER, preside ICE USED FOR HEATING. Device for Protecting Produce iu Transit. Washington Sept. 22.? The use of ice for heating purposes is one of the most curious devices mentioned iu a bulletin soon to be issued by the weather bureau on the subject of pro tecting perishable goods iu transpor tation. A new kind of ear is double lined and has at eacli end four galvan ized iron cylinders reaching from the Moor to near the top. In summer these cylinders arc Glied with ice and fiait, packed down hard, and it is claimed that a refrigerator vehicle thus equipped does not need any re newal of its stock of ice on a journey clear across the continent. The re rmarkablo point, however, is that the car is iced in winter just tho same, for the purpose of preventing freezing. Ice is normally at about 82 degrees Fahrenheit, and it is very reluctant to give up any of its temperature. Hence, when it is zero weather out side the cylinders of relatively warm . fcec act as stoves, helping to keep up the thermometer inside. Another novel device by which ice is employed for protection against cold consists in throwing upon tho car, when the weather is near the zero point, a stream of water, which prompt w* ly freezes and forms a complete coat all over tho vehicle. This prevents radiation of heat froth the car and so tends to keep up the temperature inside. It ?6 a plan frequently adopt ed in the transportation of bananas, Which arc particularly susceptible to cold. Fruit of this kind is put in paper bags, and covered with salt hay, when the temperature is dangerously low. Large shippors of fruit in th? South ^ave found out by experience that it 'docs not do to take fresh fruit, espe cially peaches and canteloupes, and load it upon the cars without chill ing it first. Accordingly, one rail road iu that part of the country is about, to ejtr.??b^h at the largest ship ping points along its HncB cooling rooms, in which the perishable mer chandise may bo put for a while be fore trending it on its journoy. Oran ges on the trees; will endure 2? de grees lor an hour or two, but in four hours will freeze inside. One recom mendation made by the weather bureau in regard to lemons is that in large hotels and other places where quanti ties of them are used for lemonado and other purposes, they shall not be taken from the cold storage room to a heated room, but. shall he squcc^od in the cold storage room. They loose quality quickly after being taken out of cold storage. One very curious fact that has been ascertained is that perishable produce, suoh as fruit and vegetables, will stand a lower temperature when tho car is in motion than when it is at rest. No theory has been suggested to aceount satisfactorily for this phe nomenon, whioh is certainly interest ing. It is suggested by tho weather bureau that growers may derive sug . gestions of the utmost value from the weather reports and predictions, thus avoiding the shipment of their goods 3dien a cold wave in winter, or a hot pell ia .. summer, is imminent. They ought to learn at wiat points on the railroads transportation is liable to be ENING DEC 1ST 1901 CLOSING JUNE IS JNO. H. AVERILL :nt. blocked by snowdrifts, and from the Doited States geological survey they can find out as to the altitude of re gions traversed by shipping routes. Of course, the temperatures encoun tered in crossing mountain ranges arc apt to be much lower than in the valleys. The use of paper for protection against cold is increasing very much and its effectiveness in this way is wonderful. Fruit wrapped in heavy brown paper will endure 1T> degrees more cold than without it. Potatoes arc sometimes packed in barrels lined with paper, and when the weather is unusually severe the barrels are cov ered with paper also. Clams and oys ters are similarly shipped in paper lined barrels, to keep them from freezing, and cars for transporting porishable merchandise are quite com monly lined with paper. There is said to be nothing like it to keep out frost. Eggs, shipped in ?pates with separate pasteboard divisions and cov ered with a layer of oat chaff, will en dure a very low temperature. Ib is observed, by the way, that pickled eggs arc injured by cold more quickly than fresh ones. Thick or fat clams or oysters do not frcezo as readily as lean ones, and oys ters resist cold better than clams. Shucked oysters, kept in their own liquor ivi tight barrels, will not spoil if frozen in transit. When clams or oysters in the shell are frozen they should be thawed gradually in a cool place. Oysters in the shell can bo kept two months in a dark place, when, the temperature is a little above freez ing. If they arc sprinkled from time to timo with ice water. It has boon noticed, by the way, that clams and oysters in*transit through a snow storm do not freeze as readily as when the weather is fair. Fish ma.y he kept sound and markablc for thirty days provided they arc cleaned soon after capture. They are shipped by express in barrels with iuo, or by freight iu casks or boxes on wheels. Little points of value have been ascertained by shippers 06 perishable produce through long and costly ex perience. For example, it is now known that sweet potatoes and turnips must not be put together, because tho proper temperature for the former (GO degrees) is too high for ths latter and rots them fast. Potatoes do better in double-walled cars, heated by stoves to keep out frost. Thirty-two de grees will uot injure them for eating, but will prevent them from sprouting ! in the spring. On the other hand, all sorts of tree seeds, inoludiag peach, plum and walnut, sprout better in tho spring if frozen in tho winter. Bulbs, such as tulips, lillies and hyacinths, arc not injured by a temperature below zero. In sending early vegetables from the South the utmost care has to be taken that they shall be well venti lated, so as to got rid of the oarbonio aoid gas which thoy engender, and on this acoount open-work baskets, slat ted boxes and barrels with openings out in them are employed. Where fruit is concerned it hau been found that precautions to keep out oold may actually cause decay by keeping in the heat which tbo fruit generates. This may go so far as actually to cook the fruit. Not a very low, but a uniform, I temperature is required, of 40 to 60 degrees; which will keep fruit twenty Sf ? 1902. . DIRECTOR GENERAL or thirty dayB, if it is carefully han dled. Strawberries have been trans ported from Florida to Chicago, trans ferred to cold storage rooms, and kept in perfect condition to the end of the fourth week after being picked. A new contrivance is now on the market for ventilating grain in tran sit, at the same time securing the con tents of the car against rain, sparks or cinders. It can be attached to an ordinary car and is likely to come into general employment before long. Among the precautions adopted against cold arc packing in straw or sawdust, and heating by steam or stoves. Sometimes on the prairies, when the fierce north wind is blowing, cars loaded with perishable goods are cov ered with canvas on the north side. Steam is supplied from the locomo tive. With bananas one method is to heat the refrigerator oar to 90 degree* by oil stoves, remove the stoves, put' the fruit aboard quickly, replace the stoves, raise the temperature of the car bo 150 again, remove tho stoves onoe more, close the oar tight and* start off. This prooosB makes the cargo perfectly safe for forty-eight to sixty hours, even though the ther mometer outside should go down to zero. Manure, on account of itsnoperty of generating heat, is largely used as a protection for perishable prodnole on the rail, tho bottom of the oar being thickly covered with it, while sometimes it is put on top of- tho goods also. Flowers aro packed in moss and will remain frosh four days under favorable oiroumstaooos. Shrubs and fruit trees are covored with straw, and tho roots a?c- carefully packed in straw. Extra precautions aro taken with trees when passing ovc? moun tains, on aocount of the cold at high olevations, and no shipments aro made through mountainous regians- when zero weather threatens. Food prodtuots- in cans orv glass must not bo shipped whon tho temperature ie below freezing. A well ventilated* dry collar is the best place in whioh. to storo apples, potatoes, and vegeta bles generally, the temperature being from 36 to 42 degrees. Apples, are not totue unfit for use by freezing if they aro allowed to thaw gradually. Tropical fruits ia storage should be kopt at from GO to 70 degrees. Mineral waters exposed to atemperaUre below HO degrees soon spoil. Boer may be shipped in an outside temperature o? 10 degrees, if the kegs are paeked ia hay or sawdust and frash stable ma nure. "Butter freezes at l? degrees Fahren hcit, and when thawed becomes strong quickly. Milk should never be al lowed to freeze. Pork is injured more quickly by high temperatures than other meats. But those are only a few of tho useful bits of information which the weather bureau has gather cd and compiled from tho oxperionoe of shippers all over tho oountry. Renk Bache. Goldthwaite & Son, Troy, Ala., wrote : Tee thin a's speedy cure of sores and eruptions upon tho skin have been remarkable. t ? When a woman is in lovo with a man sho always has a longing to see him on a horse leading a big parade. Tho most dainty and effective pil!? made are DeWitt's Little Early Risers. They are unequalled for liver and bow ; \ el troubles. Evans* Pharmacy. Factory and Domestic W ork. A number of factory girls arc i n a i-trike in New York. Many of them arc said to be on the verge of starva tion. At best, when the girls are at work upon full time their wages are small. They earn barely enough to meet their urgent wants. Meanwhile there is heavy demand for domestic help, fur which the supply is totally Inadequate. Why do not the striking factory j-'irls go into domestic ser vice'.'' The wages are as good in the home as in the factory, if not better, and tiie work is no more exacting. Indeed, in domestic service arj honest and capable girl would lind the life easier and the tcmptatiou.s infinitely fewer than in the factory. Mauy girls have the idea that as domestics they would be "looked down upon." They assume that working in a factory or a shop, at | wages pitifully small, is more "hon orable" than working as a domestic servant in a family. They have an erroneous ideal of the real diguity of labor. As a matter of fact, no work which a woman can do is mo.c hon orable and more dignified than house keeping. Why it ever should have been thought that attending to a machine in a factory was more gen teel than making parlor or bedroom tidy is u mystery. If the pay for the former were better, or the work light er, or the hours more convenient, the preference for the factory might be accouuted for reasonably. Hut such is?JOt the case. A domestic servant who understands her business has no difficulty ie obtaining a place where wages arc as good or better than those of the factory, while the surroundings are much more refined and less dan gerous. As a domestic the careful and con scientious girl rot only earns as much or more than the factory girl, but fits herself to make a happy and pros perous home of her own in after jears. As a servant she comes into contact with and solves problems in domestic economy, acquiring expe rience and information that will be of greater benefit to her when she be comes the mistress of a household. In the factory the influences are too often vicious; in the household they are seldom so. It may be that many ?adies-of-th? house, who must be pleased by the domestics, are querulous, ill-tempered and unreasonable. But the majority of them arc not. The average woman nt the bead of a household is disposed to bo reasonable, jtust and kind. If she sees the domestic making efforts to do what is right and render satis faction, she may usually be depended upon to encourage and help (he girl in every way possible. It is the pre judice against domestic service that keeps girls out of H. It weald be better for them if that prejudice- were jyercome?SiwaiwietSt i?teut?. lUieumatlKun? Catarrh in the Bteod.? Trial Treatment Free. It is the deep-seated, obstinate-oases >f oatarrh and rheumatism, the kindi /hat have refused, to heal under ordi ?ary treatment that Bi B. B. (Botanic 31ood Balm)) oures. It matter? not vhat other treatments-, doctors, sprays, iniments, medioated air, blond purifi es, have failed to do* B; Bt Bi always promptly roaohes- tho veil cause and oots out and drains from the bones, oints, muoous membrane and entire lystom the specific poison in bho blood hat causes- Rheumatism or d'ht-arrh. 3. B'. IS is the only romod.y strong inough to do this-and: core, so- there tan never be a. return ?f tho s-ymp oms. If-you.buvo pains or aches in >onos, joints or baok, swollen- glande, aintod breath, noises in the hoad, lisoharges oft inuuous^ uloeration off ho membranes, blood thin, get easily ired, a treatment with B* Bi B'. will I ton every symptom by making the riood puro and rich. Itauggists- $?. Trial treatmoat free b? addressing Hood Balm G*., H80 MSiohclL Street, Ytlanta, Ga. Describe trouble, and reo medical* ad.tfoo given. . B$0)d &lm thoroughly tested for 30 years ; i.ver 3,000 voluntary testimonials or ores by B. B; B. HSN-Orr Drag Co., iVilhite &.W.ilhite axd Evans Phav naoy._ Anderson is so aro Peoples Fu They have opened up a larg Furniture,, House I And everything that belongs t< Mr. Ben. B. Bleekley and M agero, and will take pleasure IMMENSE STOCK and CHE A] Their stock was bought in < factories for Cash, and they fee. can be pleased. Go to see then They also have an elegant 3 Caskets ai The Cost to Clothe a Chinaman. It may be interesting to note, ap ropos of the troubles in China, how extremely frugal the natives are in their habits and dress. Of course the rich Chinese wear more expensive garments and live in a manner befit ting their purses, but the ordinary Chinaman, in his native land, can and does live on us much per year as wo spend ?i'i?x month. The Celestial and his wife eau clothe themselves mure than comfortably for the small sum of ?~> per year. Their clothing is made in two pieces, from cotton. Only two m l?uremcnts are taken?one from neck to waist aud one from waist to feet. The garments have no especial shape, conforming to any figure. Un derwear is unknown, aud in wirtcr the garments are padded with cotton and once a year they are ripped apart aud washed. The following figures pervc to illus trate the great need they have for the strictest economy: Common laborers are paid from six to seven cents per day: masons, stone cutters and car peuters are paid from twenty-five to thirty cents per day, and by day is meant from sunrise until dark. They waste nothing that can possibly be put to any use. Small splinters of wood are glued and nailed together to form posts or boards: scraps of paper serve as shoe soles, and even the roots of grass and wheat are pulled up, cleaned and used in fires. The beautiful straw platted work and weav ing that we sec brought from China was all made by women who were paid two cents per day for their labor?and still strikes are never heard of and the Chinese laborer is, perhaps, as happy a member of1 bis class as is found in the world. \ The enormous demand for cotton rrakes it necessary even to import that article into the Flowery King dom, although a' great deal is grown there. Unlike the u/oited States, there is no such thing: as- the gin, all of the cotton being picked over by hand, and the consr quencc is that a great amount of' labor1 is- employed; whereas, if the gin were usei, thous ands would be thrown out' of employ ment. An abomination of the Celes tial is bare feet. If he is-so poor that be cannot afford to wear anethsr ititeh of clothing Iiis feet will'always >e encased in shoes and a bat wiH'be jauntily perched on hrs head. But, >f course, as everywhere else-, there ire well-to-do Chinese, who spend t?e nost unheard of amoncts upon food* tod dress. Tea sells all the way from* ? few cents to $150 a pound, which atter price is often paid by the rieb? : s-aadarins. ; A certain Chinaman oame to this-! country several years ago to-goi-to-j ?g-hool. He was the son of a very> J wealthy merchant in Shanghai, and when he got to Washington walked1 I lown Pennsylvania avenue and had) j iefc gone five squares before he had* | xmght ?500 worth of the most use* ! es? foppery which pleased his eye. j Dne of bis purchases was a very fine" neevschaum pipe, for which he paid j ?15?, and a few moments later pwapped- ; ?ith< an Irish hod-carrier for a short j ?iay pipe. Having never handled* j &oney before be did not know its- -, taluo.?BaVtvmiore American. lb Happened in a Drug Store. ''One day last winter a lady came to-1 itf drug store and asked for a brandi j f oou?h medicine that I did not have ] n stock," says Mr. C. R. Grandin, the j ?opular druggist of Ontario, N, Y.L ; 'She was-disappointed and wanted to? , mow wba-fe cough preparation I could1 : ecommead. I said to her that I could- ; reely recommend Chamberlain's* )ough Remedy, and that she could' ake a bottle of the remedy and aftar living it a fair ferial if she did cot iln? t wo?bh the money to bring back* the ?ottie and I would refund tho paioo )aid. In the eourse of a day or.-two be- lady came baok in company w?th a ric-nd in need of a cough medicine and Ldvised her to buy a bottle of (Thorn >e?lain'a Cough Remedy. I consider hat a very good recommendation for he remedy." It is for sale b? Bill Dh*r I>rug Co. TJp-to-Bate, the rniture Co. ;e and weU?selected stock of furnishings, > that line of business. r. Noel Sharp? are the man in showing everybody their ? PRICES, oar load lots and from the heat L sure that the most fastidious i.,,, . ; SE ARSE, and carry a full line id Coffins, A\cgetable PrcparalionFor As similating lUeFoodandRegttffi Ung the Sloinachs and Bowels of ; I n fa n? s /( h l i-1) k; i; n. Promotes Digeslion.Chcerful ness andReslXontains neillier Opium,Morphine norlliueral. TfOT "Narcotic. ftnpe arObllk-SAMUKLPITCJ li DutyJan Seed ' sfix. Sauta * ItcchclU Sm?S - AtdteSetd- t. fizItWfJttfjf ? m tKmtStmd, hSiiay/cni flavor. A perfect Remedy forCortsUpn lion, Soar Stomach, Diarrhoen Worms .Convulsions .Fcverish ness nnd Loss of sleep. Fac Simile Signature of NEW YORK. CASTORIA jfor Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought ) Thirty Years CASTORIA TK? CENTAUR COUPANT. ffSW VORH\OfTV. FRUIT JARS ! \ FRUIT JARS ! Now is the'tim? to buy your Jars before they advance in price. There being a b% crop- of fruit all over the country, Jars will be much higher later in the season. 3 bave a big lot'of them on haac? at a low price Frnit Kettles, Fly Fans*and Fly Traps; and* all other summer goods. I hnve a lot of Decorated* goods in oddpieoes at a bargain?. I am> run ning out of stock at very low pyices. Bring me your Bags and Beeswax-. Your patronage solicited,. JOHN T. B1JRRIS8 i Carria To Please Ev\8Fy One, and a? Pri-se& to Suit Tou ! I AM SOLE AGENT FOR? BABCOCK, TYSOff & JONE&v ? CQIiinftBIA, and JEWELL. Jfca?l a lot of other Standard makes oft? i . Buggies and ?alliage?? Amd also for? OL,?? HICKORY,. I TENNESSEE? Ml&BUKft an* PIE*>MON? WA-G-OISTB. AU Goods bought for Spot Cash, and will sell them, to. you oa sarae-b&sb, which means a good deal to any one thatt wishes to. buy. I bave on band now a large and new line to. select fijoin. an? if you are thinking of purchasing an outfit it will not do for you. to- buy uatil you visit my Repository and see my line of Goods. "Will sell for Cash or on Time?with, good papers^-at CASJS PRICES. Call around and let us trade with.you. Respectfully, JOS. J. FBETWE?X. jBnist and Kerry's. Bejaiexaber when yen go to get your Seed to get fresh ones. As this is our first year in the Seed business we have no seed carried over from last ?ear. Yours* F. B. GRAYTON & CO. Near the Post Office. After Two Years Premiums liavo been Paid in the MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE CO. Of Now ?rk, jr., YOUR POLICY HAS 1. Iioan Value. 2. Cash Valuo. S. Paid-up Insurance. 4. Extended Insuranco that works automatically. 5. .Is Non-forfeltablo. 0. Will be re instated If arrears be paid within one month while yr.u are living, or within three years after Ismo, upon satisfactory evidence of insurability and pay* ment of arrears with interest. 7. Ko Bastri?tlova sites secoua yesr. 8. Incontestable. Dividends aro payable at tho bc?innlng of the second end .of ea?h .su?cecdio(i year, provided the Premium for the current year be paid. They may be need? 1. Ito reduce premiums, or 2. To Increase the Insurance, or ' 3. To make Policy payable ae .? Bodo* rrnent during the Ufa-time of ineurod. , Every member of the Mutu?'. BonofU /A sure of fair and liberal treatment under all circumstances, and no maV.er what Mppens hn will. get his money's worth in iiumranoe, for It is all pttt down in Dise* sad white "in the policy.'' Peoples* Bank Bnlld?ogp ?Ofc'? 8.C.