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&a iaflW8fo?t imm .?tmp^""?^it& tTgriittM, 155*; &*Mm *** ?'miA HOYT & CO., Proprietors. ANDERSON 0. H., S. O, THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 27, 1873. VOLUME VHL?NO. 34. For the Anderson Intelligencer. Proposals for a Co :ton Factory In Greenville. ?*Jt is proposed to raise toe necessary capital, stock, and to build and operate a Cotton Fac? tory and Wheat and. Corn Mills, at a water power belonging to Mr. H. P. Hammett, on Sal?da River, eleven ntiles below the city of | Greenville, and within one-half mile of the track of the Greenville and Columbia Railroad. It is proposed to build a Factory of, say, 6,600 spindles and 200 looms, and make it a first-class'mlll, usiug all the modern improve? ments which experience has proven to be ne? cessary for the production of the best quality of goods at fche leastcost The water-power is'| ample''for not only the proposed factory and mills,' but; tor any enlargement and extensions' that may ever be desired by 'the company. It | is the opinion of thas8'*e?ilified by experience to judge of such matters, that it is unsurpassed by any in the world, for efficiency and cheap? ness of application, and the buildings erected at it will be free froci danger of damage by freshets. About six hundred acres of land is connected with it, controlling the entire privilege on both sides of the river, and extending to the track of the railroad^ where the land is favorable for the construction of a turnout and depot, which the -Railroad Oompany proposes to do as soon as it is wanted for the work. It,is easily ap? proached from both sides of the river, so that I good roads may be made to and from it The. proposed factory, with the machinery, together i with the wheat and corn'mills, operatives and ) store-houses,. and all the necessary appurte? nances, is estimated to cost about $170,000; then add 180,000 f?r^cpmmercial capitali will make the capital stock $200,000. One-half of | this sum would be called for during the first year, and the balance afterwards, because it I would be best cot to start more than one-half) of ther machinery- at first, so as to organize the labor, and to add the balance afterwards as circumstances favored It. The company I wouldbe incorporated* under the general incor-1 po ration laws of -this State, or by a special act of :the '?[>egi8!ature, as might be thought best, and stock issued by it in shares of one hun? dred dollars each, so as to place it within.the reach of all to take stock ia it. The.location is as healtby as any part of. the world,. There is-au abundance of good mate? rial in the. surrounding cou n try for operatives, whose condition would be materially improved and'their characters elevated by employment in such a mill; besides, they would become producers and valuable members of society.? The children, loo small to work in the factory, would have educational' advantages, and- the families ehnveh privileges, equal to those of any of the surrounding tillages. The location is also a good,one for a mercantile house. The surrounding1 country ia a good farming region, settled by au.iutelhgentand thrifty population. Nearly, if not quite, all the cotton used by the factory could be bought direct from the produ cers, delivered at the factory, and save freight and commissions ro -buying-and delivering it The importance' that woo Id attach to the place in consequence of the cotton market, store, nriHs, village and depot, would soon make it a general place of resort and trade by the sur rounding population. The consumption of cotton by the factory would be about 2,900 bales annually, which* at 15 cents, per pound, would cost $150,000, and at least $50,000 would be paid to the operatives for wages, which wonld be an income to toe country ?round the factory. The product of the factory would be about three million yards of "cloth per annum, which, at the present aar? ket price, would bring ?330,000; the net profits upon which would also be added to the net iu come of the country. The advantages which .the South possesses over the North for manufacturing the coarser fabrics made of cotton, arj admitted by all the manufacturers of the North, and is estimated by^em fo'amounVto at' Teast ten per cent, in favor of It$*ftS?*<t?i*&especWiy 'tree of this particular section, ia consequence of its peculiar advantages, with its' abundant water power, healthy climate, cheap living, and con? sequently cheap labor; with the btiP material produced iu our icidstj and the existing and projecting railroads, furnishing cheap and prompt transportation to all (be great markets and toi every* ifectiofl of tbo'coifntry. Small factories cannot return the same profits upon the capital invested in them as larger ones, be? cause their profits are largely absorbed in the salaries of skilled laborers, superintendents and managers, which are not materially increased by increasing the quantity of machinery and the" product of the factory. The follo'.Ying is an approximate estimate of the results of .such a factory an is contemplated in the "foregoing, at the present market values of the raw material and the goods. Of coarse all etdafato3jOT th?<haracter are conjectural, but iHfey are not irfeicess' *of the Mala now being acco^^ed^y o^ef:large factories in the Sout& that are favorably located and. well mauaged, aad the stock of all of them are now selling in the markets for large premiums over their par value, and it is; helieved that - this lo? cality, for-the reasons givan above, has advan? tages not surpassed by any of them. The an? nual production,. expenses- and profits, with good management,, should approximate the following: 3,000,000 yds.J Shirtings, at 11 cents per yard..^5./:.>.'v^.../.....i..t.$30,000 900,000 ftfi., the/weight of Goods. 112,500 tbs., the weight of.~W?ste., _ 1^7 1,012.500tts., weight of Cotton, at 1? cents...............$181,250 Manufacturing and taxes on 900,000 lbs. of Goods, at 7 cents....j.. 63,000 Freight on 900,000 lbs. Goods toNew York, at 1 cent...... 9,000 Commissions and expenses in selling $330,000 worth of Goods in New York, at 6 per cent. 19,800 -$273,050 Profil from one year's operations.. $56,950 j This is 28i per cent on a capital of $200,000. In this no estimate is made for profits to be de? rived from wheat and corn mills and store; the profits from which may be set aside to' meet contingencies that may arise, such as repairs, Ac.; and an allowance is also made for freights and: commissions for selling the whole product in"JJew York, when it is expected that a con? siderable portion would be sold direct to the trade from the factory, and rave both freights and commissions. Another reason why enter? prises of this .character offer superior induce? ments to invest in them is, that our section of the country is in a prosperous condition, f nan ciatly. Good crops have been made, which have been Bold at good prices. The culture of cotton is largely on tbe increase, and capital is accumulating; which must naturally seek in? vestment somewhere. If invested in enter? prises of this character, the country will be largely benefitted by it?a large number of operatives will be furnished with lucrative em? ployment and made producers, their labor being paid for by consumers elsewhere, and the pro? duct of both their labor and the return upon the capital invested, is left with us, enriching the country to that extent, and adding to the general prosperity. In that way, and no other, has New England grown rich and powerful, financially, because they have been producers and we consumer;. We have paid for their skilled labor, and from their course and success we should learn a useful lessson. Persons favorably impressed with the fore? going enterprise, and who may desire to take stock in it, can do 10 by applying to either of the undersigned. H. P. HAMMETT, .HAMLIN BEATTIE, JAMES BIRNIE, ALEX. McBEE, THOS. C. GOWEK Greenville, S. V., February 7,1873. For the Anderson intelligencer. Independence of Thought and Action. It is r. lamentable fact that.but few young men of our country have the courage to assert their manhood, by forming their own opinions and being governed by them. Should they, by any course of reasoning, come to correct opin? ion, they permit the influence of parents and of the outside world to have more influence over.them, and consequently neglect to act in conformity to their own, perhaps, well grounded opinions. This should not be the case. The mind should be free from all influences, ex? cept those of sound, practical and substantial reasoning. Prejudice, nor external influence, Other than facts -which are necessary to the subject that may be under consideration, should never be brought to bear upon the mind. Few of our young men ever reach a point of prom? inence or distinction, from the fact that they permit outside influences to keep them down. No person should be blamed for his sentiments, if he is honest in.tbem, no matter upon what subject or question. A young man before making up his mind on any question, let it be a question of religion, politics, or a mere question of interest in some more privatc'busiuess, should possess himself with the facts, and then decide; and when he has made his decision, not permit the influence of others to cause him to prove false to his ovu convictions. Too many of our young men have not the chance of exercising their own judgment on matters that are of momen? tous weight to them, but are forced by parents and others to take hold of and entertain senti? ments that perhaps would be repugnant'to diem, if permitted to use some reasoning and their own judgment;, after they arrive to that age that they are enable to judge and act for themselves. It is not denied that influences should be brought to bear upon the mind of the young, but it should be an influence en? tirely free of prejudice, and such an influence as will good, work out, and teach the youth that he is responsible for his own opinions and acts. Let this course be. pursued by parents and by., the older mea of our country in dealing with the young men, and there will soon be a marked difference in the aspect of things around us. The opinions of individuals will be more readily exchanged, the opinions of others treated, more respectfully, more energy exerted in all matters of common interest, topics of interest more heartily discussed, sound and practical reasoning will have more weight, and consequently sounder principles entertained. Let this course be pursued, and the young men will soon assert their manhood, and learn to think for themselves, judge for themselves, act for themselves; and ere many years shall have passed, knowledge and infor? mation on all topics of interest be more gene? rally, diffused throughout the country, more ?energy exerted, and our country more prosper? ous. Tbe first principle to be instilled into the mind of man, is the motto of one of old, viz : ?'Every man is the architect of his own for* tunes." Let the young man fully comprehend the meaning of this motto, and be taught to act accordingly, and he will learn to build for himself*a reputation, and will do it by think? ing and actiug independently. When man is ful:y worked up to the point of independence in thought and action, then we may be enabled to exclaim truly, "Man is the noblest work of j ~ The San Diego (Cal.) Union says that ex-1 tensive sponge beds have been found at LaSol-1 la, on the San Diego coast. Most of the i sponge of commerce is procured from the Med? iterranean Sea, more especially about the Islands of the Archipelago and in the Levant. The principal sponge market in the world is Smyrna, in Asia Minor. Sponges of good quality are found on the count of Florida, but the fishing has never been extensively prosecu? ted there. The new discovery in California will uo doubt be of importance to commerce. For l/iCjAndcrson Intelligencer. SYMPATHY. When troubles come like rolling wavos, Enshrouding hearts, with gloom, When hope like vapor flees;away, And darkness hides the light of day, While shadows darkly loom, One word of love in kindness spoken, May heal a heart, although 'tis broken. When fa: th is crushed, and hope is dead, Ambition stricken down and bleoding, The proud young life bowed to tho dust, No"peac*ful rest, no living trust, While friendsjarojfast receding, One look might burst the frightful thrall, And cau ;e a triumph over all. Although the future dark and blank, May rr=ock the happy past, While phantoms strange distract the brain, And ner/es are drawn with unknown pain,. That must forever last! One act might throw bright rays of light Upon tho cheerless, bitter blight. Is friendship really but a name? Is sympathy a_tale just told? The world wears such a smiling face So beautiful, so full of grace How cun it be all cold? Must each one bear his cross alone?. Echo answers with a groan. ? _LULA. For the Anderton Intelligencer. The Fn poTtance of Latin and Greek. The Greek and Latin languages are not only so thoroughly interwoven into the structure of our preset: t English, aud especially into the technicolojjy of its scientific departments, as I to be indispensable elements of preparatory j education, but also regarded as mental discip I liners, they are scarcely less important; for the primary object of all preparatory education is j the trainiu ; and discipline of the mental pow j era, It it teaching to think, rather than filling the mind with thinkable matter. The mind doe: hold knowledge as a bushel tub holds grain, but holds it by the links of classi? fied and associated thought. An educated man has no more knowledge in his mind than any other man; but he sits at the centre of many lines of radiating thought, and can run out upon them with more promptness aud facility. He has velocity rather than capacity. The. mind is a unit, and its knowlet -9 i& its versa? tility in appropriating and utilLing everything with which it comes in contact. Memory is a mode of action, and not a separate organ, as the hand or foot is of the body. It is the mind itself, running on the track of its past experi? ences. The mind commences with any thought, whatever it may be, and runs out from it as a centre, with inconceivable velocity, in all di? rections. To increase this power of linking thought to thought, this wonderful versatility of active thinking, by which the mind makes its own bridges of associated ideas as it goes, is the primary object of all education. It has dc ne a great and irreparable injury to human learning that ever the figure of the mind's capacity?like that of a box or barrel? has been insisted upon. It has retarded the progress of preparatory education immensely, by inducing an effort to fill the mind with heterogene jus matter unclassified. Hence the the common saying?"he has forgotten almost all he ever knew." To forget was unavoidable. The mind vas not taught to run over a track of associat :d thought, or along a blazed vista through the forest, and therefore could not easily find the way it went before, which is the power of memory. If everything is taken to a child, he will remain a weakling; but if be is induced to run out and get for himself, his power of getting will be greatly increased. Preparatory education is a stimulating force, rather than a supply of matter brought to hand; and the progress of a boy is known, not so much by what he has gathered, as by the speed of his thinking?i. e., associating thought. The disciplinary power of the ancient lan? guages, (which is a thing wholly distinct f.-om their literary lore,) consists in their very rich and very extensive field of interpretative thought. .Fust as an arithmetical problem puts the m nd to active search in all directions to find tho track of its solution, so a Latin sentence stimulates the miud to active search for the track in which the author has run. Sentence a 'tcr sentence thus constitutes a high? ly stimulative chase ;? and as each thought or truth or far t is thus overtaken in pursuit, the prize itself is not worth so much as the pleas? ing and improving pursuit. The power of in? terpretation enters into all studies, all busi? ness, all modes of communicating thought. It is to find ti e labyrinthine course in which the human mind is wont to run. It is to trace man?whe her Greek, Roman, American, Turk or Tartar?to his habits and habitudes, aud know all his haunts and nature. The laws by which hun.an language is made to reveal the thoughts and feelings of men are infallible and of universal application. In cultivating the power of interpretation, the Greek and Latin languages atand pre-eminent. * South Carolina Railroad.?The annual convention, of the stockholders of the South Carolina Railroad will bo held in April, aud tbe indications are that the fight for the con? trol of the company, commenced last year in Charleston, will be renewed with increased vigor. The leader of tho opposition this year, as last, will probably be Mr. John H. James, of Atlanta. This gentleman has been actively | at work procuring proxies from stockholders and promt-. if his plan proves successful, im? mediate dividends. The other wing of the stockholders endorses the present management, and regards the Georgian s schemes with dis? favor and distrust. The report of the Direct? ors shows an increase of gross receipts in 1872, over the previous year, 01 $75,000, with a de? crease iu operating expenses of $23,000. The net earning of 1872 are larger than the net earnings of 1871 by one hundred thousand dollars. The friends of the management assert i that this result has been obtained in the face j of the sharpest and severest competition, and I despite the efforts of rival lines combined to ' crush the company. Immigration the Paramount Need of the South. The address of Be v. 0. W. Howard on the subject of Immigration, delivered before the Agricultural Convention in Augusta, Ga., and to which allusion was made in our edito? rial remarks last week, is too Jengthy for our columns, but we cannot omit the publication of the document entirely, and herewith present an extract which embodies the conclusions of Mr. Howard on the subject under considera? tion : It is asked, "How can we invite foreigners to come into the State when so many of our own people are leaving it?" Much depends upon the class of persons who are going out, and the class of persons whom we invite to come in. The exodus of our white population from the upper counties is fearfully great. The emigrants are almost entirely of the ten? ant and laboring class. To those men the en? countering of the rough life of a new country is rather a pleasure than a hardship. They are born, as it were, with an axe in their bands The lands upon which they have been living are worn; the third of the crop will not sup? port them, and the owner of the soil cannot afford to pay them remunerative wages under the present system of farming. Having saved a little money they prefer to buy cheap lands iu the West, and clear it for themselves. They leave the old lands precisely in condition to be used to advantage by the foreigner of small means, who understands perfectly how to make a poor acre rich, although he does not understand how to reclaim a rich acre from the woods. We would invite the attention of small European farmers to these lands. Where the owners are unwilling to sell, they can well af? ford to pay higher wages than they have been in the habit of paying, to laborers who under? stand grass growing and stock raising, because under this system so little tabor, comparative? ly, is required. In short, it is the pioneers, the frontiersmen, who are going out; it is skillful, intelligent European farmers that we wish to come in their place. Although the first cost of these lands would be greater than that of wild Government lands, the actual cost at the end of the year would be less, as can be made to appear by an intelligent agent. Although a portion of our people are leaving us, there is nothing inconsistent in inviting another and different class of persons from abroad to take their places. Reference is sometimes made to the failures in the recent importations of Swedes. These have been owing to several causes. The aub agents employed, were indifferent as to the character of the immigrants. The unreasona? bleness on our part of expecting that ignorant people should be contented to receive no wa? ges, whatever may have been the advance in their behalf, while othfer laborers were receiv? ing wages. A Mr. Grant, a philanthropic English gentleman, who has lately bought 69, 000 acres of land iu Kansas, says that those people who must leave their own country, and who cannot afford to pay their own passage, are not the people to build up a new country. He therefore sold his lands to Englishmen of moderate means, who can buy small farms. This is sound sense sustained by our own ex? perience. If a foreigner who has arrived at mature years has not saved money enough to pay his cheap passage to this couutry, he is not likely to be of use to us, if we have to pay his passage. The failure in this case of the ma? jority of the Swedes proves only that we have made a mistake as to the mode, and not as to the facts of immigration. The objection to immigration which appears to have most weight is based upon the fear that a larger influx of foreigners would so in? crease the cotton crop as to diminish its value per pound. This fear is groundless, for the following reasons: Foreign farm laborers will not work for the wages which the cotton plant? er according to the present system can afford to pay, when he knows what wages he can get iu the Northwest. He will not live in ordinary negro bouses, nor will he submit to plantation, fare. Every attempt to substitute the foreign laborer for the negro on a cotton plantation has been and will continue to be a failure. We do not desire or design ordinary farm laborers. From the very nature of things the cotton planters fears are groundless. But he should remember there are other things to be done besides planting cotton. There are four crops which may be made to equal in value the cotton crop without dimu? nition of that crop. The hay' crop, the live stock crop, the wool crop and the corn crop. These several branches of industry the for? eigner understands, and in conducting them be can receive as good, wages as are given in the Northwest. Besides, we want foreign capital I and skilUW^abor to make use of our water I power in toymanufacture of cotton, thus giv? ing to the cotton planter the benefit of a cotton market at his own door. I could wish to see I the day when not a bale of raw unmanufac? tured cotton was exported from the South. I . It has been possible only to glance at the ob? jections to immigration. But I. trust that the points of reply are sufficiently distinct. In regard to direct trade through a line of ocean steamers, I must be very much governed by the opinions of others better informed than myself. To determine the prajtiuibility of es? tablishing such a line requite* a knowledge of commercial and maritime affairs which I do not possess. Gentlemen who arc well informed, and whose opinions are worthy of all weight, assure us that such a line would be remunera? tive. But that as we must use foreign steam? ers, and as capital is limited, it will be neces? sary for the State to give a guarantee against loss for a given period. One thing is certain : Such a line is almost indispensable to an immigration which would be really valuable. The immigrant who lands at Castle Garden is almost certainly lost to us, in consequence of the misrepresentation of our condition to which he will be subjected. If we desire the introduction of foreign capital and skilled labor, direct communication with Eu? rope seems to be an indispensable condition precedent. It is with regret that I have heard that the remark has been snceringly made that this is a scheme of Savannah to obtain a line of steamers at the public expense. This is un? kind, and more foolish than unkind. Savan? nah is, in a sense, the mouth of the State. The human body might as well refuse sustenance because it enters at the mouth instead of being absorbed by the pores. My homo is among the mountains of Georgia. The intelligence that a lino of steamers will ply regularly between j our ports and Europe, giving us a reasonable hope of the introduction of the capital and skilled labor for want of which we suffer so much, will be received by the people of my section with a thrill of joy. The bills before the Legislature of Georgia contemplate the inauguration of measures of direct trude and immigration on a broad and ! extensive scale. In our impoverished state, ' nothing but urgent necessity would justify the necessary expense. That necessity is upon us, not self-imposed, but forced. The State is sink ' iug daily, our lands decreasing iu value, our laboring population leaving us, our farms in? creasingly thrown out to grow up in jungle, and our public credit daily sinking. This is no jeremaid. It is a simple, sad statement of facts. Anxiously have I pondered the subject. I can see no remedy but the introduction of foreign capital and skilled labor. Poor as we are, if it be necessary to spend money to secure this result, spend it. It is wise for the poorest man to spend ten dollars, if he has it, to secure one hundred dollars. Public representative bodies who expend money, however wisely, Tn unaccustomed directions, are always subject of cavil by the ignorant or quarrelous. When the Legislature of New York, under the lead of DeWitt Clinton, determined upon the construction of the Erie Canal, a clamor was raised against this wasteful expenditure of the public money. Those who clamored have been forgotten, but the name of DeWitt Clin? ton lives, as one of the greatest benefactors of that great State. Wheu the Georgia Legislature passed the bill to construct the Western and Atlantic Rail* road, it was stigmatized as a mad scheme to build a road which "began nowhere and ended nowhere." What would Georgia be this day without it? It is now.an.honor to be able to say: I was a member of the Legislature which created that road. If the body now in session would adopt mea? sures which shall bring to us foreign capital and skilled labor, in a short time the murmurs of discontent will cease, and, as the fruits be? gin to appear, will be followed by the plandits of an approving and grateful constituency. Before the convention of the Georgia State Agricultural Society rises, I hope that in the warmest and strongest manner the members will pledge themselves to sustain the noble spirits in the Legislature who are devoting themselves to this great purpose. If the bills fail now let them be introduced again. Let their motto, and ours, be agitate I agitate 1 ag? itate I until these great wants are supplied. After these dry, and perhaps wearisome details, indulge me in a moment of sentiment. Georgia-is the child of immigration. Many years since, as I stood by the tomb of Ogle thorpe, the founder of Georgia, accompanied by two of his servants, each more than ninety years of age, the thought occurred to me that could that great and good man rise from the grave, cross the Atlantic and revisit his little settlement at Yaniacraw, with what delight he would witness the result of his labors?a beau? tiful city, with every feature of his original plan religiously preserved ; a stately Common? wealth, with a population healthy, virtuous, intelligent and refined, happy in their homes, happy under wise and equal laws. But since that day there has been a change. The State has been swept over by an enemy, who, as a weapon of war, preferred the torch to the sword?burning dwellings, churches and school houses; carrying on a cheap contest with women and non-combatants, in which starvation was the chief implement of torture. The tranquil scene of former years is chang? ed into one of deep auxiety. Without our ac? customed labor, without money, with impaired credit, with increased responsibilities, with the , heavy haud of the Government bearing us down, we stagger under the burden. Would that another Oglethorpe might arise; who, in this our hour of necessity, should bring again the capital and muscle of Europe j to assist in our defense. Defense against what and whom ? Not as of yore, against the beast of the forest?they have disappeared as the forest was laid low. Not against the merciless savage?he has passed away in the dim and distant West. Not against the Spaniard?he has lost foothold upon the Continent. But against men of our own race and religion, speaking the same language, living nominally under the same laws and the same government; against the finger of scorn and the encroach? ments of a power with which might is right. Assist in our defense ? How and in what man? ner? By the arms and munitions of war? By shot and shell? By cannon and musketry? Oh, no! Far be the day when grim visaged war shall again show bis horrid front among us. But by the omnipotent arts of prosperous peace, arts omnipotent as is the sun, whose genial rays melt the very bolts of Winter, penetrates and warms' the frozen earth, vivify the tdrpid seeds, paint their leaves with the emerald verdure of the Spriug and then the golden yellow of the harvest. As is the sun who disperses the pelting, blinding rain drops into mist, drives it into its fantastic home amid the clouds, and lights up the darkeued earth I with its noontide rays. As is the sun who by his silent but restless power overmasters rude Boreas, consigns him howling to his cave, and bids the frightened denizens of earth walk forth secure in the peaceful light of day. All hail bright, beamy, balmy, beautiful, bountiful Peace, alma mater of unnumbered blessings to mankind. By her arts we propose defense. By the white sails of commerce, by the tireless muscle of the iron horse, by the teeming pro? ducts of the soil, by the busy hum of machin? ery, by the hammer and the saw, by the fires of the forge, the furnace and the rolling mill, and above all, by a numerous, busy, intelligent, law-abiding and virtuous population?the -crowning ornnment of a great btate. The arts of peace?agriculture, commerce, manufactures. The triple cord which binds together each in its place the well compacted members of the Commonwealth. The triple wall of the building of the States which nei? ther totters nor falls. The triple munition of defense impregnable against external assault, a fortress at once and a temple?fortress against foes from without, a temple from whose altars within there arises to Almighty God the thanksgivings of a grateful people. When by the arts of peace the South is made great and prosperous and powerful, the simple majesty of her presence will disarm or overawe hostility. She will be courted, not Hpurned. Her alliance will be sought, not Blighted. Those who now point at her the finger of scorn, approaching her will bend the "hinges of the knee that thrift may follow fawning." Adventurers and traitors will have outlived their opportunity. There will be no ' more dragonnades. Enforcement acts will no j longer insult us. The rule of the bayonet will cease, and law, the civil laws, God's vicegerent upon earth, will reign supreme. Among the States of the South there has been a sisterhood of sorrow and disappoint? ment. We have wept together over the grave of our revered father and chief. The eldest born, of our struggle fell before that struggle i came to its bitter end. Thousands of our brethren rest in the soldiers' grave?"They sleep well, life's fitful fever over." We, the survivors, have suffered bereavement, poverty, hardship, humiliation. Thank God, we have not lost our manhood. From the ashes of our disappoint? ment we aim to rear a structure of more than former grandeur. Where our means are inade? quate we will seek assistance. Having put our Bhoulders to the wheels we will call on Her? cules. In order to place the South in the command? ing position to which I have adverted, there are three essentials: Time, capital, labor. God has surrounded us with the natural means of greatness in affluent profusion. Time will afford us ample verge and opportunity. In I addition to our own willing hearts and strong i arras, Europe will give us the capital and labor, I if wc seek.them aright, j To seek and obtain this foreign aid should j now become the paramount interest of the South. Without it she must sink into hopeless I vassalage. With it she may attain a proepori so elevated as to cast*into the shade all estern progress, and render hef the wonder of mankind. A Northerner's Defense of the Southern Cot? ton Planter. A correspondent of the Few England Farmer, who has recently traveled in the South, fur? nishes ten admirable reasons for the mania of cotton planting, to the exclusion of other crops. His argument will be particularly consoling to those of our readers addicted to "cotton on the brain," and for their benefit we append the ar? ticle : WhyisCottok almost the only-Crop raised ik this part of the south ??In the absence of a statutory provision applicable to any point in litigation, the practice of business men is accepted as law by our courts of justice. Is not the general practice of farmers in any Icoality, or under any circumstance, entitled to a similar respect? Is it not safe to assume, for instance, in this case, that the Southern planter has reasons for his devotion to cotton, which the theoretical man overlooks or underesti? mates ? A brief reflection on the subject has suggested the following reasons for the tenacity with which the.plauter clings to his favorite staple, and for the little heed be gives to the exhortations of agricultural editors to diversify his crops: 1. The soil and climate is better adapted to the production of cotton than to those other crops which the planter is urged to raise. Pay iug crops of cotton are made by hired labor, on shares, and on rent. Farmers tell me that a remunerative crop of com alone cannot be made by either system. Lands specially adap? ted to the growth of cotton are worth far more in market than those on which mixed farming succeeds much better. 2. The cost of fertilizers applied to the cot? ton field is well repaid by increased production, and the use of guano and of the Charleston phosphates has largely extended the cultiva? tion of that staple; but this is not true of other crops. 3. Everywhere and at all times cotton is a cash product at some price. ?L With the exception of wool, few agricul? tural products are marketed at so small an ex Eense for transportation as cotton. A ton of ay, grain, potatoes, &c, may be worth from $15 to $60; while that amount of cotton will bring from $300 to $400. 5. Cotton?the mere lint, which is sold?is perhaps the least exhaustive of soil ingredients of all agricultural crops. It is as if the farmer sold only the "silk" of his corn, or the straw of his grain. On this point, Prof. E. W. Hil yard, of Mississippi, says, "there is probably no other crop so little exhaustive as one of cotton lint, few as much so as cotton with the teed.? The latter carries with it, on an average, 42 pounds of soil ingredients per bale; the former four pounds at most." There are full two pounds of the seed, separated on the farm by finning, to one of the lint If there is half a ale of 400 pounds of lint from an acre, the owner has about 14 bushels of seed, which is valuable for manure or for feed for stock. A bale from an acre gives 28 bushels of seed, and 20 bushels with fertilizers is considered a very large dressing for an acre of land. This selling the husks or straw and keeping the grain is a peculiarity with the cotton crop, and the old distich, lUHie along, oxen, hie along faster, The straw for yourself, the grain for vour mas? ter," may be changed, Tlie along, ye mules, hie along foster, The grain for yourselves, tho t?it for vour mas? ter. 6. Cotton is the industrious man's crop; be can work at it in this climate every mouth in the year. 7. Cotton is the gentleman's crop-, The "first families" arc interested In and proud of its production. The chief end of Southern news? papers is to report prices and prospects of cot? ton. . These report* are the first thing the read? er looks for as he opens a Southern paper. But the Southern planter, his family and hands, the Southern merchant and his clerks are not the only ones interested in the quotations. They are scanned anxiously by 'lie Yankee manu? facturer, and even in England and on the con? tinent the focus of gold-bowed spectacles is brought to bear on the smallest fraction along? side the columns of figures which indicate the value of cotton. Respectability is a strong point, and needs no elucidation; but it suggests I another. 8. The beauty of the plant. As I have seen only the dried and wilted stalks in the field, I quote from a correspondent of the Southern Cultivator the following statement: "A fine cotton field in its healthy stage, some half cloudy morning in August, decked in all its radiance, with mingled red and white, rivals in its beauty and magnificence any Oriental flower garden." 9. A large proportion of the twelve month's labor on the cotton crop is comparatively light work, which can be done by the least efficient of the plantation force. 10. Cotton is an interesting crop. The casu? alties to which it is exposed, from the sprout? ing of the seed to the baling of the lint, and the ever recurring fluctuations in its market value, give it something akin to the absorption of a game of chaucc. Hence the expression I have lieard from planters, "No cotton, no life? no cash." Trustees of the University.?In joint assembly, yesterday, Messrs. J. K. Jillson, D. H. Chamberlain and L. C. Northrop were elected Trustees of the South Carolina Uni? versity. The Board now consists of Messrs. Lee, Bowley, Swails, Jervey, Jillson, Chamber? lain and Northrop. The Governor is ex officic a member and Chairman, when present. Mr. Jillson has served acceptably on the Board for the last four years. We are of the opinion that he means well, and feels a real interest in the cause of education. Mr. Chamberlain is a capable man, of a subtle order of intellect, with the culture which may make him valuable iu the Board. Mr. Northrop is a native of the State and a graduate of the College. Upon him we can count for good offices to his Alma Mater. The same may be said of the Govern? or. The members elected the other day are, I we doubt not, discreet men, who will prove averse to any movement intended to cripple or injure this venerable institution of learning. We shall hone to see them support it with zeal j and good judgment.?Phoenix, 19th inst. ? A Connecticut town boasts of a young man so timid that he cannot look a needle in the eye. Many young ladies are trouble with similar fears whenever they can get any one else to do their sewing.