University of South Carolina Libraries
.< > r ?. ,. . GOVERNMENT BY CABINET a *? Modern System Largely a Matter of Circumstances. mm tocemk mm the way Little by Little Advisers of the King Became Real Reprerentatives of the People Displacing' Autocracy by Democracy. Geography necessari'y deals with kings and presidents and emperors, . who chajige the face of political mape and influence economic conditions; not so frequently doqs it, reckon with cabinets which are a growing factor in world affairs. "Before the )Vorld War broke up the autocracies of Europe, Franfce was the only Republic on the continent employing the British form of cabinet government. Now the list includes, besides Prance; Finland, Esthonia, I-at via, l_it.hu nia, Poland, Germany, Czecho-slovakla, and Austria," states a bulletin from the Waal ington, D. (C., headquarters of the National Geographic Society. Our Cabinet Different. "Recent agitation to permit members of the United States cabinet to be present on the floor of the senate artd house and to take part in debate on matters concerning their departments serves tq, bring; out the differences between the privileges and duties of the cabinet members of various countries. "To oegin with, the 'cabinet* of the United States js a cabinet in name only, for the government of the United States is in no sense a "cabinet* gov eminent as are the governments, of Great Britain and. France, and those of a large number pf the at^er leading countries of the world. There is not even formal sanction for ttye existence of our cabinet as an ?dvjaory council to the president. T^he 'members have an undoubted legfel status as heads of the various administrative departments, but the president need never call them together. President Washington held no cabinet meetings at first, and Presld?*t Wilson did not call his department heads together for a period of many months. When the president does receive the advice of his cabinet, he is under no obligation to follow it. , f , Britain "Mother of Cabinets." "Great Britainis 'the mother of cabinets' as well as 'the mother of parliaments.' Her cabinet Is not of a fixed size, and while most members are the heads of departments, there may be members 'without portfolio' who have no special duties. In direct contrast to the situation in the United States, every member must be a member of either the upper or lower house of parliament. All have -seats in both houses and therefore not only have the privilege of debating but also of voting Of crentest importance, when an important vote in the house of commons goes against tne< cabinet, its members must resign, so as to permit a new cabinet, usually of the opposing political party, to be formed. "The cabihet, under .the British system, is really a committee of the house of commons which the party In power permits to manage all executive affairs, and to shape and lead all legislative action. The cabinet In action is the real government;' whjle it functions the prime minister i is the real ruler, and parliament is his instrument. " Chile Has a Real Cabinet "But there are checks and balances. The house of commons can force the resignation of the cabinet, and the cabinet can force the dissolution of the house. The matter is thus squarely up to the people, who elect another house, from the majority party of which a new cabinet is chosen. "Practically all of the older part of the western world is Under cabinet government. This includes all of Europe except Russia and Switzerland, South Africa and the French portions of North Africa. Canada brings a large part of North America into fcie cabinet column. In the East*- Australia and New Zealand have true cabinet government, Japan has a slightly modified form and China a nominal one. "The constitutions of most of the countries of the Western Hemisphere have been modeled after that of the United States with an absence of responsible cabinets. (Chile is the only republic of the new world with a cabinet whose members both sit in congress and must resign when there is a formal vote of 'lack of confidence.* Born of Happy Accidents. "The British cabinet form of government came into existence by a series of happy accidents. Because the old privy council became such a large, unwieldy body, the king fell into the habit of consulting: with only the few j leaders, holding: a small council in his | cabinet or private apartment. Shortly afterward England had two German kings who could not understand English, and the 'Cabinet Council* was permitted to meet without the sovereign. By the time an English-speaking king came to the throne the custom of excluding the king from cabinet meeMngs had been firmly fixed. "By degrees the king practically lost his power to dismiss the cabinet, and it became responsible first to parliament, and then solely to the house of , commons." DID YOU GET YOURS? Postoffi<e Figures Show Each Person Should Have Received 112 Letters. Each citizen of the United States should h ive received 112 letters last year. About 11,335,00'),000 go through the mails annually?about 112 per capita, t?' "Upon; these figures," the postoffice departtnent assorts, "the United States leads the world in the interchange of letters between its j>eople. It is estimated that the per capita number of letters exchanged in Great Britain a year is 84: irr Germany, 25; in Italy, 24. These figures are based on firstclass matter alone." Data collected shows a large inert ase in ihe number of letters received by the average person. PALMETTO GLEANINGS News Happenings Over the State of South Carolina. ? Jack Schumacher, the Eflorce county man who was paroled and then who rerusea 10 rexurn xo me pcimciitiary on August 1, when the parole period expired, was brought to the office of Gov. Harvey Friday morning by Sheriff Dukes, of Orangeburg county, and the young man confessed to the governor that he had been trying to make bis escape, but that, when he saw how determined the governor was to have him rearrested, he decided to surrender and he came to apologize for his conduct. Schumacher was taken to the state penitentiary and there he will spend the next two years, because of an attack he made upon his mother, when she refused to give him food which he demanded, for which crime he was convicted by an Orangeburg county jury. ? The great grand daddy of all the moonshine stills of South Carolina, and one of the patriarchs of the South in that line, was captured Friday morning in Pee Dee swamp by State Constable Eichelberger and Federal Officer Youtnajis. It measured 640 gallons capacity, being about seven feet long, four feet wide and waist high? and, approximately, coffin shaped in its general proportions. Marion county now gets the cake for the biggest still. Sumter had it before, said Mr. Eichelberger, reporting the find on returning to the city,-this morning. More than two hours' arduous labor by the two officers was necessaTy to destroy the mass of copper, sheet iron and brick. George Best, prominent farmer near Marion, is in the Marion county jail charged with owning and. operating this giant still. ? A Jeff Gregory, prominent farmer and formerly cotton weigher at Kershaw was shot and killed by his son, Paul Gregory, at his home a few miles from Kershaw at about 8:30 o'clock Friday morning. Young Geogory used a 38 calibre rifle, four bullets taking effect to cause almost instantaneous death. Young Geogory, himself, gave the alarm, telephoning to friends in Kershaw that he had killed his father. He was taken into custody by SherifT Welch within a few hours after the killing and is now in the Camden jail facing trial on a charge of murder, the ooroner's jury investigating the homicide having held him responsible for the death of his father. Young Gregi ory is about 18 years old, but is small for his age, having been crippled by an attack of infantile paralysis. The only eye witness of the patricide, if any, are members of the immediate family and these with Paul Gregory have declined to make any statement with reference to the shooting. Paul Gregory's younger brother and a sister, officers have been informed witthe ti-airedv. Neither, however. testified at the coroner's inquest, the jury's verdict being based upon admissions of young- Gregory. The boy, after having confessed firing the four shots to persons first reaching the house, has refused to make any further statements, officers say, except to claim that he acted in defense of his mother and sisters. The first persons reaching the house after the killing found a loaded pistol grasped in Mr. Gregory's hand. The revolver had not been fired. Mr. Gregory was about 50 years old and is prominently connected and well known in both Kershaw and Lancaster counties. He is survived by his widow, five daughters and two sons. JAPAN ADOPTS SPORTS. Baseball and Tennis Said to Be Very Popular. Baseball and lawn tennis have been adopted as national sports by new Japan, says a Toyko dispatch. The former has long been popular at the university. and American colleges sending teams over have now to choose of their best to stand any chance of winning against the stars of Waseda, Keio and other universities, as was proved by the failure of Indiana university to win more than one match on its recent tour. Other schools are taking up the game, while every vacant lot and wide street has its quota of coming stars of the diamond. Lawn tennis is becoming equally popular, and whereas, a few years ago the cups and prizes went to foreign players living in Japan, now they are won by Japanese. In this year's tournament of the Tokyo club most of the foreigners and there arc many good players among them, were eliminated in the early stages. The interest taken in the game by women, they forming by far the larg- { est body of spectators at the courts, ! has induced the Japanese Lawn Tennis association to offer prizes for Japanese women at its second national tournament, to 1k> held in the fall of 1923. A large number of girls' schools -are taking up the sport, and since his return Mr. Kumagae, the international player, and Mr. Nomura, the national champion, have played exhibition games at these schools to give the girls an insight into the game. To a lesser extent Japanese girls have taken up athletic sports, 20u of them competing in a recent meet in Tokyo. *: Miss Anna ,E. Durkee, now head of a million dollar mining corporation, begun her'career selling life insurance. - AMERICAN STAFF IN (I ! *~"" '::-.t~ ?' I A flfcfe SAt ;' j|H ^^G?BB??B J|H SHHUBB^HflK^KfiflB'' -i " >*? " v?M ii-" ',' ^...>->-**"^ .->?- < ; - ;<.' _ _ i^irst photograph of Ambassador A. B. Houghton and his this country with Germany. In the first row are Ambassado Commander Lansdowne, Assistant Naval Attache; Commando Military Attnrhp and Maior A. L. Lonstolot. V"?? " ~ ? The York f 9 ' Saturday I And offers a Splendid Buy what they need at I offerings in Qualities, S ~ i ?EM?[ ??? J ODD PIECES FURNITURE -Hflilrkn Ipfjl jig 1 Si 1 I 1814b ?.'it* I ig|y^i I Buffets $25 00 and Up China Closets $25.00 and Up Window Shades?all colors?Priced 60 Cts. and Up Davenports $25.00 and Up Kitchen Cabinet $17.50 and Up One Wardrobe $27.50 One Wardrobe?mirror doors $46.50 I fall Trees Half Price Three-piece JJed and Cotton Ma1\ tress?Special $20.00 Library Tables $10.00 and $12.00 I" Willie Dnamel Mtciicu TaDJes, por celain top $10.00 Dressing''Tables $22.50 and Up SPECIALS ON COOKING WARE All Aluminum and Enamel Ware is offered in this sale at Special Prices. PLATES, CUPS AND SAUCERS White Clips and Saucers?Set... 75 Cts. \\"l?ft< Dinner Plates?Set 65 Cts. SPECIAL ATTENTION ! If you do not sec what you want mentioned above, come in and ask for it. We probably have it and you'll find the Pi ices right. I EVERYTI I, , j I S 0EM ?wjUmiM?Mil WWI III ll|?WW|l|Wi 1 TT T?Mill II lli ? IM? ir?IIQTr?W| I GERMANY. Bm | staff now handling diplomatic relations for ; and Mrs. Houghton. Second row, Lieutenantr W. P. Rechler, Naval Attache; Major Harold Military Attache. ??? -J mmammma ?m?mm???^nua? i I?Mil i ? ! ? II Mil?H ?! !? ! 1 ? 111 ??I? WW "1 Tn Furnitur >gust Fui = BEGINS horning, F/\ Rll"37\ UfJJJUl lUliiijr Li/ uujf Prices that are wort! ityles and Prices. "" ~ RUGS J||gp|3P 9x12 ft. Axmiuislcrs $30.00 anc 3x(> ft. Axniiiistors. $5.00 and Uk\2 ft. Grass Rugs $7.50 and !)\f)! I. (J pass i Jugs $1.25 and 27x54 in. Axniinstors - $ 54x00 in. Wajto Grass Rugs $ FURNITURE IN SUITES Ono Dour-Piece Fibre Living Boon Suite?Was $!27.f>0?Xow $1C One Tli roe-piece Mahogany Bedroo Suile $12 One Throe-piece Mahogany Bedroom Suite with Vanity Dresser and ISow-foot Bed - At $15 One Four-piece Mahogany Bodrooin Siiit<, with Vanity Dresser and Bow-Toot lied?At $1? , TEEMS ARE CASH All the Annual August Furniture Discount Prices are for CASH c NO DISCOUNTS ON THESE On Paints, or Oil Stoves, or Tall Machines. IING WORTH WHILE F1 ~? . : !?<t?T - , . 11? t-n "CThe -^HOO Brownie /c-^ , j ?^WU genuine 1 \ 1 *2 i J ' Av^ Gillette BUdea Get this straight? / For the first time in your life ... L | $1 buys you a genuine / ^ / O o Gillette? /'M *i I I he "Erownie"? !']$/& nf IJi With three genuine l*Y/C 1 Lc ^^iWl Gillette Blades. H /-/o ^ 0 I GILLETTE SAFETY RAZOR CO. ( / fhiT a, J) I Boston, U. S. A. ^ ^ *J| TVou; at all Dealers ?'*' /jj$ Z5 // 9 No blades like / / ^ I the qenuine / V /?' /?Jfl - \ - i : e Company's H August 12th ers of Home Furnishings to U bf :l |i- ? . /. j J J while. Lome and see our / ROCKING CHAIRS < ' :i 7 Up [; Up Oak Rockers $2.50 and Up I Up Fibre Rockers $6.50 13.00 Reed Rockers $11.00 and Up ;4 00 Maple Rockers?$2.50, $4.00 and $5.00 - ???i?ATT%Tm 10 PER UEJNT UlSUUUtt J. On all Cook Stoves and Ranges?It is a good time to buy. Do it now. 10 Per Cent Discount on Iron Beds. r Ten Per Cent Discount on all Dressers and Waskstaiuls. Ten Per Cent Discount on all Mattresses and Bed Springs. Ten Per Cent Discount on all Children's Cribs, in on r^en I>or Discount on all Kitchen rU.UU ,i'... Nu res. Ill 15.00 ICE BOXES, REFRIGERATORS '0.00 [iT/i ,C=p ["Si N Jjjl Jjj x' >nly. ?^ On6 Ice Dox $11.00 Olio Refrigerator $12.50 <in??* Two Refrigerators $15.00 Ono Refrigerator $20.00 . COMPANY OR THE HOME rnauaBBMMMiaiMMMMMau^aMHaMHnMHnanMHaMHMiBMaHMnBnawaBWiH #... MaisB