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EVOLUTION OF CORN Great Cereal Was Otfginally an Ordinary W^ed. i INDIANS BROUGHT IT INTO USEFULNESS Hard Working Scientists Have Discovered Enough About Nature's Secrets to Enable Them to Hurry Processes That are Otherwise Exceed . * ingly Slow. The plant whicli botanists have always considered the probable ancestor : of'our; present* varieties 0f maize'is a wild grass called tcosinte. They have long believed that the presence of Indian corn in America represented an } evolution brought about by crude plant-breeding methods of the Indians, fi-vtnrid inrr tli i-nnfrh nnfnld pf-n f lit-ios Luther Burbank, in order to prove the truth of this theory, has now carried the plant through successive developments and produced perfect ears of corn in the miraculously short period of eighteen years," Public announcement of this prodigy, which- has been proceeding quietly at, Burbank's experimental: farm in California since 1003 and which constitutes one of the most notableiichievemcnts of the plant wizard's life.glias just been made, It was a savage Indian, says" Burbank, who gave us, here ,in America, the most important crop we have. It was the Indian who found the wild grass, tcosinte,; covering the plains, and developed it into corn. Or, to turn it the other way around, it was the desire of the Indian for a food plant like this which led the tcosinte grass, by gradual adaptation, to produce maize. On Burbank's'farm there grows today, this same tcosinte which the Indian found. It bears! tiny ears, ^th two rows of corn-like kernels, on a cob the thickness of lead pencil, and. from j two to four inches long?slightly less i in length than an average head of wheat. Found Indian^an Ally. From its earlier stapes of "]k>d"corn, in which each kernel was encased in a separate sheath, or husk, like wheat, teosinte represented, no doubt, a hardfou'pht survival and adaptation like that of the flowerinp violet. And when the Indians came into its environment it responded to their influence as the pansy responded to care and cultivation in its new dooryard home. Where teosinte had formerly relied upon the frosts to loosen up'the ground for the seed, it found in the Indian a friend who crudely but effectively scratched the soil and doubled the chance for its baby plant to grow. Where it had been choked by plant cn^ emies; and starved for air and sun, .. light by. weeds, found in the Indian a friend who cut down and kept off its competitors. Where it hud been destroyed by animals before its maturity, it found the selfish protection of the savages as grateful as if it had been inspired by altruism. Planted in patches, instead of struggling here and there as best it could before, the teosinte grass found .its multiplication problem easier through * the multitude of pollen grains now floating through the air: And so, by slow degrees, it responded to its new environment by bearing more and bigger seed. As the seed kernels increased in numbers and "size the cob that bore them prew in Icnpth. From two, the rows of kernels increased to four, lo six. to cipht, to fourteen. Here apain, the selfish motives of the snvapes , served to heip the plant in its adaptation?for onjy the largest cars and those with the best kernels were saved ! for seed. So, under cultivation, the : wild prasr. almost disappeared, and in its place there carile, through' adaptation. the transformed Indian corn. Centuries Were Required. This, in brief, summarizes BurbanIt's theory of the original evolution of loo- j sinte into corn. How many centuries ; were required to brihp about the,'dc- ] velopment we can only conjecture, for j when white settlers came to America j they found not the tjuy. wild teosinte, j hut Indian corn, or' maize, ben'rinp j oiplit-inoh cars, with fourteen rows of j larpc kernels to the ear?nature's response to the simple plant-hrccdinp methods of the savape. Tt is not known how long the -Indians had been cultivatinp this improved corn. That it was lonp before the appearance of Europeans. hbwevcr,' 'is evident not only from Us parly and wide-spread cultivation by tribes of the area now embraced in the United States, but from the fact that indications of its cultivation art* found in mounds and in the ancient pueblo ruins and cliff dwellings. 1 It was nature's scheme of producing variation.^--her apparently unalterable will to create no duplicates?that opened up 'to Jturbank' his opportunity to carry forward the evolution of teo' sintc into corn-in a comparatively few seasons. In his[experimcnls with the plant he produced more than 10,000 specimens on his grounds. Among these thousands he found some offspring which were an improvement over the parent plants. It was then simply a matter of continued and intensive application of scientific methods of selection, and from season to season, until the final result was achieved. During his experiments with teosinte Burbank not only changed, the plant into corn, but incidentally created one of the most productive fodder plants on earth, and extended the latitude in which it can be profitably grown nearly or quite one thousand miles farther north and south. Heretofore all loosinte had to be raised in Southern ; ' Florida or' some tropical climate, but ; Hurbank's improved varieties, developed n? a result of his scientific plant breeding, will produce, rvon in lite ' "northern states, fifty times as much fodder as the commonly cultivated too b TURKISH &> DOMESTIC BLEND t< ! * ti : e ti n c f ' ' - v' ' ' t , Ir. j. wyjn( - iiimiiiii iiiiiniirt^? i ti ? IIWrctMOt v^r uniKii. r Lancaster Sheriff Says Prisoners Are Treated too Leniently. In view of the prevalence of crime throughout the nation, Sheriff John P. Hunter, who has been sheriff of Lancaster county for 34 years, was asked a few days ago what'he thought was the cause of so much crime in South. Carolina. "Well," lie .replied, "I believe ontill cause fs that those'who are criminally inclined often hear of convicts all <?vcr[i our state being so niwely treated." Thej' sheriff continued: "I believe all prison- j ors and convicts should he well; fed, well treated and their healib well tdok- t . ^ a ed after; but showing a sympathetic spirit, with no outward evidence of ] condemnation, has a tendency to en- j courage rather than to deter the crim- i inal class. When you see a person < who is penitent tind grieved over his < violation of the. law there is hope of ( = " j' ? Here's i . the* ; sintc of the south,.and fifty times the amount of grain. P.urhank's experiment with (eosin'tc is a striking example of the fact that tlie plant breeder, simply by taking the variations which Nature gives him, can effect wonderful improvements in | her plants, and, h.v urging Nature into new variations .through cross-brood inn:, jean create"nt will an infinite number of. new combinations or characteristics from which .? 1o. select.?Robert H. MoitltCit (ri'st. Louis, i'pst-Dispatch.' ' , ^ , 'it1. HEFLIN BRINGS CHARGES. Alabamlan Criticizes Federal Reserve System Quite Freely. Charges of such serious J character were.'preferr ed in, the senate Friday aftcrnQftn'against the Federal reserve system by Senator Tnomas lieiun, of Alabama, that it is the opinion of official Washington that the governor of the Federal reserve hoard, also an Alabafnian, can not afford to ignore them. Senator Heflin pave it to the senate as his information that while Federal reserve banks were cliarpinp country banks, the Icndinp operations of which are restricted to the farmer, as a rule, interest rates of 25, 50, 75 and in one Alabama case S7 1-2 per cent, the reserve bank of New "York was lendinp to individual banks from $125,000,000 to $150,000,000 at from C to 7 per cent. "Such funds hnvinp been used," according to the . senator, "largely for speculative operations,of the executive officers of these hands and of their syndicate at special rates in plying all kinds of schemes. "It is not too much to say," continued Senator Heflin, "that there have been times when the money lent by the reserve hank of New York to hanks of that city and used for speculative operations of executive officers and directors, would, if it had been disbursed among farmers and cattle raisers, have saved thousands from ruin and distress and many from suicide. "If our reserve system has funds to lend in such huge sums to the banks of New York for such uses, it is not difficult to understand why there is no money for the South and the West, where the need is so distressingly acute." a ^r- r\c coimc .1 that person's reformation. But when you see a fellow who has committed crime, swaggering and smoking one cigarette after another, and seemingly unconscious of the disgrace he has brought upon himself and the trouble that he has caused his family and. loved ones, you can put it down that that criminal will never reform. On the contrary such a fellow will work hard, to lead astray other men of good families' in- order to bring them down to-his level." {sheriff I-Iuntcr concluded by saying.that "idleness and fast living have a great deal-to do with so much violating the law.".i CRITICISM FOR SAWYER. President's .Physicir.n^ls Under Sharp . -i. Fire. General C. E. Sawyer, President 1 iarding's personal physician, was warmly criticized in Atlantic City, .V. ,r.. during the session of the Allied Medical Associations. Dr. Ignatz Mayer, Detroit, led the attack, criticizing: the use of Dr. Sawyer's name and position in advertising: for the general's sanitarium at Marion, Ohio. He expressed disappointment that Dr. Sawyer should have become a hi jgndier general so easily when many physicians who served in France came back without ranlc or prestige. "Ralph "Waldo Emerson's statement that the worlfl will make a beaten path to. the door of the man who makes a better mouse trap than his neighbor's, is all moonshine," Dr. Mayer declared. "We know of many physicians who went across the sea and, worked hard and exposed themselves in camp, risking their lives and many losing their lives, while others who returned from the strugg'c.i remain practically unknown, or achieve a low rank, whereas less than nineteen days were required by Dr. Sawyer to achieve the rank of nrigacuer gcncnu. Tho advertisement to which Dr. Mayer took exception, stated that Dr. Sswycr had become personal physician to the president, but that no changes were made in the management of his sanitarium. Dr. Mayer said he was > not opposed to that form of advertising. but "What I' do object to is that similar advertising indulged in by nthel's, who do not happen to be so fortunate as Dr. Sawyer, is frequently the subject of professional criticism." FARM WAGES JUMP. Show Increase of 100 Per Cent In the Past Decade. American farmers spent. $1,363,454,380 for labor in 1010, according to compilations just completed by the census bureau. Tills was an increase of 100.2 per cent in a decade, due chiefly to high wages; the bureau explained. Of the total, 80.8 per cent represented cash, while 111.3 per cent was the value of rent and board, furnished. California reported the highest expenditure for labor, $126.006,152; Texas came next witli $88,002,868. Farmers spent $320,180,012 in 1010 for fertilizer, which was 186.5 per cent more than in 1000. More than 00 per 1 cent of the expenditure was in states cast of the Mississippi river; Southern dates spending most because of the character of crops grown. why CAM' quality ciga Because we put the utmo one brand. Camels are a ible for skill, money and life ine tobaccos to make a cigaret Nothing is too good for'Cam a mind! Everything is done t est cigarette it's possible to bu; imply for show. Take the Camel package for lost perfect packing science set cigarettes and keep them f: -secure foil wrapping?revei be fold and make the packa here's nothing flashy about i xtra wrappers. No frills or fi Such things do not improve t dan premiums or coupons. A] lust pay their extra cost or g< If you want the smoothest, igarette you can imagine?am rom cigaretty aftertaste, s It's Camels for you. OLDS. TPBACCQ -C.OWAN Y*W,?tetQ> instance. It's the can devise to pro- j ; resh. Heavy paper aue stamp to seal ge air-tight. But t. You'll find no . , irbelows. f he smoke any more , ad remember?you gt lowered quality. ; mellowest, mildest d one entirely free * ? " ) y, ^ . rh f .! i-Salepi, N.'C. ' . '. "J ITU 11 IT MBmaflVBBKflSDfifl {J I ration of President Obrcgon. They have long been a disorderly clement in the state of Vera Cruz. General Perez reached an agreement with the Mexican government last February by which he was given amnesty in return for a promise not to engage in further disorders. Several warnings were sent him recently but he ignored them and federal troops' were at Ihsf'called'"upon to bring him into subjection. ELS are rette st quality intothis s good as it's poslong knowledge of te. els. And bear this o make Camels the y. Nothing is done draw an easement contract agreeable to all parties concerned: The hearing on the question of freight rates on fresh fish, which was to have been held before the railroad commission tills week, has been postponed to July .6. TROUBLE IN MEXICO Friends of Diaz Start Anpther Revolution. General Gnudalupe Sanchez, chlcO of military operations' irr the state''of Vera Cruz, has left for Minatitlan in the southern part of the- state, to put down a revolt reported to have been started by- General Castulo Tcrcz. GoncraJ Snnchez took with him 1,500 soldiers and. it is feared that fighting has begun with the rebels. .. The forces led by General Perez are said to he followers of Felix Diaz who was-deported shortly "after the inaugu trains discontinued Railroad Commission Gives Number .. Permission to Quit. Many trains art; being discontinued throughout the state, relates a Columbia. dispatch. The railroad commission has in recent weeks received a number of applications from the roads to discontinue trains, due to the fact, that the train's in question earn littlemoney. Seaboard trains out of Columbia, and Southern and Coast Line trains in several parts of the state have beeii discontinued lately; The commission- yesterday afler..r.r.n. iuui.mi mi m-d or for the Seaboard to discontinue trains N'o. 37 find 3ft, between Georgetown and Lane, on account of the fact that there were ten passenger trains operating each day on this short/ line, and the commission felt that the business could stand the'" discontinuance of two of them, especially with a slight decreased in the amount of traffic. Trains 32 and 23, on the Seaboard, between Florence rfnd .Boston, have been discontinued recently, it having been found that.'these trains earned six and a half cents a mile, where it cost to operate 'them $1.25 a mile. In twenty-four days, a total of thirtythree passengers used the two" trains. The commission .yesterday ordered these trains p!ht back into operation with the opening of the tobacco sea- I son, July 17, to be operated during the tobacco season. Petition of A. C. L. to discontinue trains 6S and 6D, between Columbia and Sumter, is still pending with the railroad commission.' The railroad, commission yesterday heard complaint of the Seaboard Air Line, that the Chester highway commission was encroaching on its right of way in construction of a highway. The commission reouested that attorneys f '? ' ,"'."7 r* ! f? ' wt?rt ' !. rsQf ' : . i v^. ? ' ^ '? < . .. t .-, .i. yf .<r4i** '',.'._ i ' f. f%,f ? Lower Pri on Nash C ' : Effective July 2 Nash prices will be reduced, effective Sihce'.theh < July 2. 1 * gan&ation ] ing sound i This Conforms' to Otir" ^atement iffade ; | last dctdfier that Nasfi prices would be .New- labor-* maintained until at least July, 1,1921, and prpduc . V-. every The reasons were plain,... "tjntil inanu- ture is a factoring cdsts were lowfer we could hot economy, cut price without cutting value, as ; v v Nash prices were not inflated, ....'.,. The saving We pointed out then that while the average rise in the pfibe of motor cars ; ?- ^ for a four-year period'had been 76 per cent, the price of Nash cars had been ^S1 raised but31 per cent.-;<, ; ,. *. ; liven while This 31 per cent, ihhlhded the addition 'dd#if^rd.x Of cord tires as standard equipment Sv' ?! ;? ahd many other additions and refine- . Now we car ments which added materially to the greater Na* value of Nash cars. ? > ; . . duced purcl So We1 re-affirmed our fixed intention of At the ne\ rigidly upholding the high quality of Nash cars.i Nash cars. apparent. The Nash Motors Company, Kenosha,' * >.; .J'-'-.u f.-.i | -xAi tat * .* i . - v - i ' ' N i . i Here Are the New Na Effective July J I,' i - < , ( * i - ' * " NASH SIX PRICES * NAl 5-passeriger touring car $1545 5-paS'senger t< , . ? ./-*? , 1 2-passcriger roadster : 1525 2-passenger 1 4-passenger spdrt model . . . . 7 1695 3-pas'sehger c 7-pdssenger touring car . 1695 5-passenger s 4-passenger coupe 2395 ' ' 7-passcnger sedan 2695 All Nash model f. 0. b. .Kenosha " " " "" ' Vtlre l & ticii ? m 1 , . .... : Main street, v..., sac i YES, WE KNOW THAT IT IS HOT? And wc know, tfyat you will be more comfortable if dressed in one of our Palm Beach, Mohair of Kc'cp Kool Suits? And we also think wc know that you'hesitate possibly because you think that prices are v to high for you? Let us assure you that the prices on the ' - summer weight clothing wc offer are not high ?in fact they, are very, ..very reasonable? because eveiy suit we offer you is worth the price asked because the Quality that makes the thrice is built right into the suit we offer }'ou?Our summer clothing is not of the "maybeUt'U-dq'' "it'll-gCt-by" kind? they are the productions of the best makers in America and worth every penny that we ask for them?otherwise we wouldn't offer them to you?nuffsed. 11 . Sec us for Summer Underwear?knee length, athletic and short sleeve union suits and two-piece garments, also for Wilson's elastic scam drawers. You might just as well be comfortable as uncomfortable?you will feel much better in our underwear. Yes, wc ha ve'Pajamas, too* if you want 'em. . SHOES - - ^ ML STROUP SHOES ' .cost you'a. Jittle more, yes^mrrne-(inference in the cost- ftilrbe fgrg'dtreh in .the betjp'r sefyJe'ej^dddtfge? 4j|$dtjbur i'Seree^s?. 'Ph6n$ y& ijbouMt TODMft ; LOG AN LU MBER YlD M ii>'w'' CANARD GOODS WE WANT YOIJ TO KNOW that':we have thgse popular jCapxnedGfpgds?. . Peaches, Pineappre/\'Coj^ ^orti'a^oes, Beets and PLraehfoes, flnd 'yye^-dTlt you to', know . that". DEB . MONT^IT^pfSducts "are .the Jilghest'a'uaUtV jiut m wins? See Os or Phone. .f<5r Prices', or^the ' Betters-Kind,. of. Ca fined :<fOqdK.-t; lngle?ide" SyHup?lOO per corrtrCane. j FARlit HARDWARE | Our Farmer,Frjends will tlo' tireil"'to ! sec us for Farmi,${\rld1wg,re;;*Hetfvy i Trace. Chains, 90 Cts:,(Palrr Have-' Cpw i Chains, Shovels; Fdrks,TTbes~afidrPlow Steele. Have'a few Shop*F&f(freij: . If you .can use Op6 of thdse^Tu&t make us a reasonable offer,'^you'll buy it.; Have Early Amber apd Orange Cane Se'od. Let us' suppf# yflfav, . J.'F. CARROLL " v \ /ax w av..* 7, v. -./ * - *i'l # ? " ' v " ~ * ' ijkl'jlrv Dunng car . .y . ... * .$ii?5 * * oaaster.-i/iy s - so iM v-. j uijhi . '4* ' : oupe .... . ' T735 ' edan . 'v- i' \. . ;r . 1935 f. o. bi Milwaukee) ;<' , 1 . ft j 1 f. *?. * s, both open and ' closed, have cord * fj "V: fV*'-"J ' ' * ' ' is as standard equipment"' . '"' 2 ..." 'r&' V',-:' ' ''%.*? &%*'- ' ' V Sil:. | i SuG? , My ". have!' yotr' :ORI>EHED; > TOURS YET ? If you1 haven't ^O'\IT;N0W? The filthy,' dlseaserbeai-Ihg'.'.'FTiTP la already on his job and it fly'Is;tU Very democratic animal?Ko wilt'jrght oii'.tho filthiest place "possibly'and Iw "fela^ireconds fly right' throirgh ^y^n .'y^'dbw' and crawl across ydtir'dirtlps"mtft6 ;Just at dinner time. Pretty 'plcfpreftSnVit? Well, it is;an'HgHt for th'ef'6?iefifellow, if it suits hltff; bitrwa-are^aUre you don't want sufch'a .pictdre^tt^bur home. Do you? No. Then"?e'c" tieYo'r Ft.Y SCPEENS^-reaj;' sate enbugH'Ply Screens?Screens that afe madtr'tOythe measure of your doors'.add 'your"windows?that fit- ahd:are 'fi't/.7 'lire better, than the; drdfnary. ir&d'&rftJr-themillion, kind',df fl^;5cre^shi^fli^'"will ; c-j." ;.*v " v,k ?* s.'-Vt* cv"-:?*4"?' -.. ^77* .? " * , ? I*" ' . . * / . i t 1 ' . / ,.y-S: \H " r--< | *?; .?kf ' | * ; ' J&y? >". '< .' <! ' ces * -. /'>. :. ' ! >ff : .. . 7S5?*. -!- '_ ' [ .-" v ' fi'K? "V *? - ' U* ? %? " '.,/> v.. ; - ' ars :w ....... <: r .. ' " , -7-'- . n c .1. J' ( Ira.,.'/ ,VL. . , t ... - ? , .1. S'.y ,'i every effort o^^e'Jr^fr'OTias fee# fegtefeft off^ffedtaamufacti^^: , ' -> ' . ?y . ,:y J * '' V.* f ^ saving -devices were; adctefl, feion pfactice.-io jferleifeft profess^ mo'tfei';':. oife ^f^ney aid Sr.Si/tjjnrf >*...- Is - .^? ;.rv ! ' v W;' . '"-* * JO IICIV^ O U VUTU Viu/Ai bhstra|ej;"tfie-^; f^ifiarllafife r?to'produce fine cats at tfie ble costr'^ZZ ^Jk ' ; worlaiig production ctfsli ^ v% '"'i^efeUl litifiovirig itasky rthe'r. '. ,*sf-'' <<- v ">. si ? '- . ? .- f -?|T OffTi;.;-1 ..." <*' ' i>nnhuftce ;#dir ' Jttfy V .'i'-1 ''"f'jo :?i '' 1 r, VI. ~iH "< ill value-than ever at a re- . < ..h , y 9iij. j't. ,i.t. J lrj v pHces;tfce: lead^sW^ 3 even mord emphatically V,V' '-''Sv4^ V- V* -.f:-rr ' Sr* 4** rf - ; >}' : ; ' - / Wiscdmnii>*;,1 sh Prices ?'< f '__ ,m*'r*'*, -/ ' y, " s ?t! y'rr 'ify <fy "?- *? * ' 3-TT. TATTT? PPTfTOfi ' f Lr-'w '