University of South Carolina Libraries
v . ' ' . ' ' " !!. * ?'*' '( ' " ',"* ? ..- "<-> ;.: * . >.'> j- '' ? ' +: ^ ^ ''^== =? ^ ^ ^ ^_. ^ ^ | '. ' ' issued sea? 1-,weekly. ^ ' *?$.'$% l. m. grist's sons. publishers. gt ^T;unill}. Jleirspnprr: dot <hc ilroinotioir of fhc pttticat, Social, Jnrmiltural and Commercial interests of the |eopty TE"^^^cop*EAvirJjE?TOfNCE 1 1 1 _ ^ * _ * 1 ' \ * 9 * >r.Tfj?j ESTABLISHED 1855 ~ --? yQ^g. Q.jyRlDAY, .TATs'IIAltY -28, 1-9Q1. ISTO. 8" |? VIEWS AND INTERVIEWS Brief Local Paragraphs of More or Less Interest. PICKED UP BY ENQUIRER REPORTERS i i Stories Concerning Foft<s and Things j Some of Which You Know and i Some You Don't Know?Condensed , For Quick Reading. "This," said Mr. lit. L. Carroll of Yorkville, us he stepped into the office of Views and Interviews the oilier day. "is interesting- and true. I ran across it somewhere the other day and if you wish to use it you arc welcome": My father says the paper he reads ain't put up risht. He finds a lot of fault, he does pcrusin' it all nil night. lie says there ain't n single thing in it worth while to read. And that it doesn't print the kind of stuff the people need. He tosses it aside and says it's strictly on the v hum? Dut you ought to hear him holler when the paper doesn't come. lie reads about the weddin's und he snort:like nil j;it out; lie reads the social doin's with a most deris- | ivc shout. I He says they make the papers for the women folks alone. Ho'il road about the parties and hc'il fume and fret and groan. He says of information it doesn't contain a crumb? But you ought to hear him holler when the paper doesn't come. He's always first to grab it and he reads it plumb clean through. Ho doesn't miss an item or a want ad?that 1 is true. lie says they don|t know what we want, the durn newspaper guys, I'm jroia' to take a day sometime un' go am! put 'em wise: Some times it scorns as though they must he deaf, blind and dumb? i But you ought to hear him holler when u:c paper doesn't come. The Old Muster Ground. Talking to Views and interviews tlie other day regarding Y,nrkvi!le and happenings and events in tl.e town and country more than lifty years ago. Air. J. Ernest Lowrv, one of the older citizens of Yorkville, recalled the old 3!uster Ground, now the farm of Air. G. Id. Spencer, on the west side of the road a .short distance above the Church Home Orphanage. / "The muster ground was quite a noted place in tlie old days," Air. Howry recalled, "it was one great held, as I recollect, about a mi.'c it'll and there the old time militia nr&ut iy.ee. . and i a;, faly maintained ! : . : Civil war, used to come lYot.i i:: ie time for drill unit pleasure. Uh'-atlines camp meetings wore hold there and big political meetings were held, from time to time. The occasion of a | muster , or drill otlen brought large i crowds of peopio from miles and miles I around. Whisky peddlers brought j lienor to mc ^rnun'is m: ni ..-.v.. , imoiItl buy three gallons of good | 1 it;11? ** in those ?invs for ;t dollar, sold giu?fer cakes there and fruit, si-.u! i other tilings. "i remember many ;> list fight rt t ?.? : oM muster grounds. lu the evenlne. numbers of lite younger bloods. !i< ;?* ! J l y freutsenl libations, would start ' 'ooi;in:7 for trouble, Soon some- fellow j would got a row with smother sind in j si minute they wor.ld se t at it will: { their lists. Maybe there would by sev- j ? ! ;:I list lights going oil at the Mime ! time. The combatants would eg!?< ; unli! one or the other culled eiiou- ! and then it was ail over. That \\r i tin? ?<! of it. They always for:?!:'. ! wills lli?-It- I is Is. People didn't shoot! when they jyd mad, like tlsey do nmv." j N" trace remains of the old muster] grounds. j'lKTt- are large li: ids ilevet-j <vl to t!u> culture of cotton an ! r>o n i where more than a half century aye j militia men and I heir friends tramped.] John FL Logan. "I suppose John 11. Logan had a 1 many friend:; of his d;>y as any m in in ( York county." said a friend ami ad- ' niircr of the deceased to Views end In - j tcrviews Wednesday, "and the whole I secret of his popularity was chnrmtiT.' "Mr. Logan was a str.iigkt-forwaid. j Imiioraldc lean, lie spent a c"od many years in public life; hut he was in h" sense a politician. There was trickery in liis make-up and 110 gui!--. j lie had a great deal of failJ: in hit-j man nature and in humanity. "in his eve:y day relations with liis ' fellow men he was truthful and he was; bravo. II" wouid submit to King in:-i poued upon; hut under ;,?> e::-um- j stances would he knowinvly i;.?j>o.-a : upo;i anybody. If lie cv.'ed you :.n; -, tiling iif would pay it, and if you ou ! ; idm !e- woul i la mighty pitbr.t with. i * f yi.ui, "AMmuv.h ii;! i and . It's :;o:mtu'. t oiuluol. In.- was a m t:i ' mural < . j lun't ilint liiis i;n:ii;tv was put t > t'i< !o t will: liiii^'.i.:! fv-i|!iciify: hm wo-v,.v<. a lost (!i'i ? "!!;<. lie - ?1 up to iI i-i in' mix r a sinking lucid-mi hi t*. -' (.' nai-i'1 i m bad; in tiiC days whmi In . v.*.:s :;li?-1*5IT. A <! :*:?i:? in;;.: ii;i!tt-'i : crime t!ial ? > !> Isiroit the community. 1 inrurl 15i; ic. <>? ; but his reputation wi- I'-or o: ??rto who would l:i!i and consider . jO'-nt-os afterward. Word. r.tjtf 'ho' I ii-.- r. \~ hidi'iy ir a i also :a li Inw.r pail of town. Hk- ri:V I., v. I::oi-c, aoo<?nr?aniid by a \u!.ai: r.ss.'. The posse surround d lie- a i: and chali* n.ued. '!"!: only j-t: tko ohallonyo was a \m;o ?i.i whine declarant thai wluK-vcr approached ",}io door would be lin d upon. Si: rdY J.o^nn then a powerful man p':\si< hi . threw his shoulder against the door and broke it open, the room was empty; nut there was a trap door into the loft. The sheriff '.vent through this and while the posse below was listening for siiols, he presently returned drugging the negro by the collar." Trials of, the Collector. "Speaking of troubles," said a well known salesman and collector the othj it evening, ' the way of the collector i is not so easy by any means.\ He docs have a lot of fun though, ar\d he gets amide opportunity to study human nature. "Some time ago my firm sold a graphaphone to a colored man named Will Hyttie. They aiso sold him some furniture, taking a mortgage on the stuff and also cn :\^cow and a hog. The furniture was sold year be fuse last and Will could have paid last year all right, but he didn't pay all. Then he bought the graphaphone last year. 11 '!?- .,,,.1 \t'd llfvnvil >Vl*!l liinu lmivu vui niui nb hw.m j nothing from William, although it was evident that ho wasn't going to pay and was not .ifoin.tr to make any c-iTorf to. A little investigation on my part some time ago developed the information that ho had left the country and that his wife was gone. Further inquiry developed the fact that somebody else also had taken a mortgage on the cow that he had given my Jlrm a mortgage on, and of course that was out of, the question. Tint 1 wanted to know something about the hog and lite graphaphone and the other day I went to the home of his mother to make some inquiries. " 'What became of the bog V.Tii had?' I asked her. 'He gave me a mortgage on it and J would just like to know what has become of it,! I queried. " 'Fo' do Lr.wd, mistah, all doan" l.no' what dat. nigguh done wid dat hog.' she replied. "[ was talking to her in the livingroom in lite home. There were several UiMes in the room on a table and. pointing to them, J said: "'.Now. auntie.' there's a big liiblo ami tftero's a little IJible and there's another one sturinjc you rijcht in the I face. All I want to l.r.uw is the truth ubyut that liojr?the til!*!) and nulhiny, bat the tr it:1., .lust suppose now, that ' wit it those i inv'la iv with you. you \v. t<> meet uW Saint I'el< r at tiio pearly {rates ri^ht this minute, would you ;co to moot your J est is with a lie on yu'.j-; Hps'." " '['ore Catv.!, bass,' returned the ! old woman. 'l>c done told yu' do truf. i :>1rN. snrn rial' hot? and I don't know " \> v I 'I'm y>iiu: u*> | here v. your hi'si and is to nor- i: ho liiic.v.-' nnylhh::; ahouL it.' "VYH. I v.cf.l a little further and ! found V?"ili's fa! her, (,dd !',il!. " I;;!?. s-id !, '! waul the truth from you a ad i know that I am -coiiar to l it. I uaow that Wit! has left and I hi* t i*o has left ills three children htt't !* you to take L.irr of. Vo'v i want j 'o kn.iiv the i eiii :ti :.( Ill::* i:o;r vi *' , i av? iner ;ae.rj on. "'". .' . i!. k !;. IJOSS.' i"1 ! OKI !.v?ir*e t" I' i! ] 1 ! "> ! ' , 1 .5 I * :n:m< v in v. : -i n ; mv I;;' :* : ob l".i In" i;i? ;<> j c: iv iij" ;i;: I ! jp.it ?{ liov.'ti '> hi , h"ii: ittj !;:! -.! !:?' h?v? (<? !' . .! I'vni j 1:5li :iiilis ?<ri. Hi- meat is ::?i ttcro j ::I. (iv ii.inv > .** I }(. ! ! *n:n:iii. all' o* I eniiW y?' 1.1.1) (*i* ! ??ij*l n;o win' | y>i' t'.iii t? r tnh' tit? nn:i!. It'll! :j?: it i,ii.,-iilhard IV imp tt? fee! j1 tiei i ii'.i!.' ( hJJiiiM.' |; "'Nit, ill!',' ! i' ti:ini'<l, 'I'm r.nl ^ti- ; in;* i > hike tin- mii.t. ! jnsl wanted In {; know ii;r- *rut!11 n?l In liii'l out t"?n* sJire | win-1y*>iii* <.: ! v.Minan was lyin.'j or }' i; ^ HELD GREAT TEA PARTY Ten Experts DeeicJo Upon tlis Duality i Aricricnn People VYiil Drink. I solemn mk?:i silt abollj. m re- j. \..I \ i;t l;il I in tin* i "ri'.it"! Jslit'.: :i - : i>!*;:is' stn.*'.-: ::) .Ww York riv< nlly. i Siliiiiiy lit 5iI"' i lij'S ::!!' ! with. i J JI * I 1' * -I 't|llit i ill i< I Jilt'l ;J" ( -*i4*'] | ' 'I.. ".iiS. j 'nif v.- < ? >: ji' : t n i? I i i::r how j y.iv.-t :i * I.i-" v. iit !>. ttllow. <i in TIf | ; :i i*. .'hut! . i pi (>);!< will drink j ?I?:: in - ii.c-mill_c y? : i . I. s -v :i i.?:ic!i lllivi- ! I-i : !! :.. :i: ! ' > il. K.cli >!' i!: "Ctn : , - h-s .ci| !' < 1 :>i'i"tl i;tt> l i-! w. ill liiroity'i is si;! smi or. 'in viiju-r i'.n/l: ini<> hi-- inviril:' : idi I'> >i : ;> r. *i lie : :i v.-Tf nil iii? i:ili"is nf t'r ! ^'niUMl 'i i *..?.*?! ? I ?; >:js; > j i;::!? "? .! : n.v: s. . t!;i rtti.i;- | Mr in j I i i i ?!: '' l .it: drink." j n't : ' 1.1 li.-- iu;iitl . n.i.i. ; * ! .. ! Jh l lift liiis i* : .:??! i! ^:i<I !!: > ' i i : Uu- t . ' i - t. . < i . :k! ta A lit if.;.. J 4. . . st v. ii kit I' "li : ! : > ivtintr.v i.-s r- ' ;i,-l ;i .1. i.i .n-; < - .i.i. ? I !* : i*- n.1 ! iTi. !>. i;i . .-lit! : t.r; v ' . ' m 'I luM n. "J*i. i r. * I * I I" i . i > I , i:: 1 ; ; ii. t \.'?it?t!v.'?ir? !i. M r:i. iv ' !. in* i :i . v < i. < "! ! ; r? ; K. 1' t :: > ;*. ,11. -yx V ' !* ' ^ ? ' ' j !: ri i'' i lie: !] .J. . :r } . : i J . in v. ii . < ! fin:"' Is i- i:o- i I ril.K I CULTURE-OF COTTON Congrossman Stevenson Tells The Story to Colleagues. FROM PLANTING TIME TO GATHERING Crop that is Supposed to Yield Fortune to tho Producers, Means Debt to Start V.'ith, and Debt at the Wind-up. Con^res.sion:;l Record, January 22. Air. Itubev. Air. Chairman, I yield 20 minutes to the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. Stevenson). .Mr. Stevenson. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the eoinmitce, I want to discuss one feature of agriculture for the few minutes that I shall take this afternoon, ami that is the cotton plant ?how it is mmi", what it costs, and what the outcome s. We hear a great deal sahl in this Hall about cotton. In the llrst place, a great many people do not know that you plant xcotton every > f ar. Since I have brought samples in today a good many .Members have asked me how many years it takes' for a stalk to grow? You begin in the Atlantic seaboard States in February to prepare your land. Your rows are about -1 feet apart, better than <i. You plant the seed after you put in the fertilizer in the territory where you put fertilizer in. The ground is broken, furrows are run, and the fertilizer is put in and the bed is thrown on the. fertiliser, and then cue seed is pWnlf.l along the bed in drills. \ Ultimately stalks arc- left to grow about 3 feet apart in the territory where 1 live, but it. is planted much more thickly than that in order to in Liurc a stand, and then it is chopped out to a stand which is known as cation rhdpping. ! Having prepared the land the forliiitcer that is ]inl in amounts in my country to anywhere from 500 to 1.500 pounds to the acre. The average for South ' Carolina last year, from the host figures I can get, was ?L'00 an ftcrc for fertilizer for cotton plants. Von ray that is a good lot. of money lo .'.at a t-i-.?r?, a::;i it is. Tim lirst application is amonia. which is largely ?joLten from the cottonseed m-ai. a can of which 1 nave here. Then acid phosphate, which is put there for thd purpose of making the cotton fruit, and potash to prevent av of the :. This is put in In-* fore yon plant. Then tlie cotton ip!.iiited .*iho111 ilia 1st of .\prii ami in two weeks ii comes up in the orpinii'y ;ti Pliant ion of the seal. In two weeks more they begin to chop it out Lo a : tiiii'i and bfjiii i etilliva tr it. ! Iy Hit; J'JIM isl" J nil" 11 t: pin:;'. gels up iiimii j'2 to 1.3 incites high rind ln\r,,in:-; In bloom. Yon * .. (? these Stalks iiCJ'C. This is ruiton grown in the omit/ v. hire 1 live I?y Frederick \V. rs. is > .diaar.iy known atI,mi.| I: !! not n:lined after :\>\cr T"e\ eland. 1??:! :l man l?y ll name r < 'lev . !:i,i>! in ('."Or;r!:i. It is;: - i ni i ; t;i pV. As t the yielil, 21 .lores made about .3 bales. which' is a v.-ry -rood yield. ' The avti r:< in Kimtli Carolina for tin i:p-' few year.*: is about a half a bal I*i the aero. A irrvat many people make a 1 ak- to the acre, ht:!. thai is dm ' lo unusually good husbandry. Xow, the stalk gets ii!i this high, la-gins to /put out linihs anil hloolii, but It dues'no: stop prowia;,'. 11 prows until frost a!'.; c-sjji4iiuio:; to bloom. Ho you iViW. t.i.' fruit ui the bottom inuluriny 1 ! Mite before il stops pattiny nn fruil ui the top. When it beyinn to bloom. it is necessary to Iwil tin* plant. You have to the oo.v or the naif will die. It used to In! 1 is:*t it was always laid to the flu:'..!!'. ?it was either too dry or ' ino wot or ; in cold or too hot?some- ' lliiii!,* id' lliitt Itiiv.l that caused the l'ruit to rued iff. Hut ayrietiitural science protm-s.-ed. and they found llait it was , not any of tho.se tiiiuys; it was starva;ion that canso'l it to shod off. The real1: is that the f.arrnev in my ci.ntnli'y ' ..hour the lim;* u hoyins to bloom in Insio buys uiiroyrii. Viiil I'.ave In artl a fraud dssil ::ilc*y . l-o'i: mlroy. ii and the fixation cf nit;< yen, and Aia. .V.ar.i: in a letter minus snore information on tbht subject? as I ray. tin* fa: mer buys nitrate of soda. about ie i pounds to llr-and j M?metim?.S 'pounds, ar.d la:;L year | it cost v' . .a ton. ar.d he feeds tin j pi >ut ami yives it noil i.-druent t ? ilo% e! :ii ll.e ii ui! am! made : crop. Then yi.u liave to cultivate the land an I he- p lis" y. .ss out. l-.'a p the plant j ahv ur.til about tin* midiil" of .Inly. J '111 \. 'e:T lili-V euij "li;V fjV" I i) 'HIit Ciuvm:!'.'. !!y !i.. ! lime tli< hi!!. I hi in !u:i. i.ro, si ml !>.' : i.: i * tii-;.* bi.iti i>lii; i : . Vi'v !. i.l.'i;.. l ' :n I:r. (i.iti <ii! tin ! !i i:iiiiir i.Mil it i - inn i'.:: I tlsen 1 ..' i ii.M.'.iii to ilm . nltcn. ''!! iviii'so | I'l !i- :; i 11 ill tilt* I'M1it '111 hi' M1ISH I'.H-M ' i< whei'i* i! i'ii.mis lie:;!, hi imiiism liiriv i - j v.'ii". ' t'." niii 'Si Jii.'ilj' .M.. Jlliiiit hi. Wii! She :itl< m in M\ tit'venyin. J. ! ' i' I t t!M' I'.Vil V?"?'? ?-" I'nr ili' j i ii! tu rnSise f;i. i I h: i k {!, ::?-i:i t-- j I'l 1: ... < :: i i!rtl:? !- I!:.' I . i. 11i i!< , ,h. . mi! -im- -i ii-.-.i iHiimi . tii . .'I i! h's nut ' Hi ' ;:p i :i<I ii lij's l' |'i.nH''tt it s-'i'Mihl ;iml !*1 r'i.ij:i tItii'tl :ii)ii : . l.ir'iinvp j l!:s ini'V hi ' ? :?! hitch ::n*l i; ">t Ji:?v?-! :i Ii<i|j i:S)C!l il. | Mr. Stevenson.- Yes; all of those accidents happen. For instance, if the season is dry or too cold, when you have planted your cotton seed it ouea not perm inn to and does not come up, and the seed will die and you will have to plant again. Another thing, you plant about a bushel of seed to the acre and for the last two years seed has been worth a dollar a bushel. This year is worth 2." cents. It will not' cost us so much to plant, but we will not get so much for it. It was at the point when interrupceu when you begin to pick. You begin to gather when it begins to open, and if you want your cotton of a good grade it must be picked before the rains come and stain the cotton. You follow it up. There is a series of crops. You pick it three or four times before you get through picking. I forget how many bolls, but I think it takes about 100 bolls of cotton to make a pound. You will notice that-every lock of that cotton has to be handled by human ; hands. There are 12,800,000 bales or cotton made this^year. This cotton has the seed in it, or course, because It lias not beer, put through a gin. It takes 1,400 pounds 'of cotton, on an average, to make a SCO-pound bale. In other i words, you send your hands to the field and they gather you 1,400 pounds or that cotlon in the seed. It is taken then to the glnjand inn through the cottoh gin. which takes the seed out at one end and the cotton at the other, i You get?#J0 pounds of seed and 500 pounds of lint from the 1,400 pounds, i That is an average. You get more lint i Cvpm some kigdsland less from others, i Nine hundred pounds of seed makes 30 i bushels. -There are 30 pounds to the bushel of seed, so that you can see that i out of a bale of cotton you have gotten . two products?the lint, which goes to the cotton mills in. my country apd in ? New England, in Japan, in China, In England, and the seed, which is manu- i factured into oil and feed. i Air. White of Kansas. Air. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. Stevenson. Yes. , Air. White of Kttnsa. Will the gentleman please tell us how many pounds cf cottonseed' cake or meal in its finished, form can be produced from an average ; aero of cotton? ' < Air. Stevenson. Yes; I can give tne i gentleman the figures, from which he can calculate it himself. The average 1 acre of1 cotton in South Carolina maacs 1 half a bale. That means 15 bushels of < seed. A ton of sc ;d ' makes 000 pounds i of meal, 900 pounds of cakc. Air. White- <vl> illjGrma.? How many pounds in the bushel? Air. Stevenson. There are 30 pounds ; in a bushel. On a half bale of cotton you have 450 pounds of seed, and it : turns out 45 pur cent. meal that will i make about 'J00 pounds of meal from 1 the cotton on an acre of land. I shall discuss the seed now for a moment, i The seed is put through the mill, which takes the hull off, and gentlemen are perfectly welcome to take liiir, cotton ; which 1 have here and do what they 1 please with it when I am ihruugn wim it. The hull is taken oil the seed, and that makes very good a rack: of cow < feed, not as rich in protein, 1 believe 1 ihey call il, as 1 lie meal itself, but ibis cow feed takes the place of forage with as. After they have taken the hull off. i then they grind the germ, wliicb you i is ill lind inside of (lie- seed, the yellow | germ, and they put that into a press under tremendous pressure and press Ike i?il out of it, and there are rUincd from that oil two grades of oil. i That which I hold in my hand, is ll:^ i prime white, out ?>f winch they make : LIio litrcl. It makes a very inucli better i lar?l than that which comes from the i hog. It is clean from the day the seed is put intu tito ground until it is I brought to this condition. This other ' is prime summer yellow. Then there ] is another product, the waste, that ; follies off and is used for soap. .\ grout i dea! of the soap of tills country Is I made out of the waste that comes from < the refining "f these oils. There is a ' lot of this oil that you get as 'dive oil. i It goes in tremendous quantities to ' Spain, France, and Italy, and there is i converted by their process of handling into olive oil from Falestine and Arabia :ind comes hack here with a high import lax and a stamp o.n it showing ihat it tame directly from the Orient as olive oil, and you pay for it an < oriental price. in passing, I might say thai, we had some discussion about the cottonseed i .ill :t few weeks ago and about. Ihe|: competition liiut t!i" oriental nils wen-j ;rivii:r;. which was destroying (lie price j of c/utlunseed nil. When thai was be- h i.vr thine : 11.* oriental nils, so I am In formed by <i.:o Oi' lie- best oil nu-n it: ; South Carolina, could not be sold in j lids eoiinti-y fur anytiiioji tn excess ofji site ensl i.f transportation across the! n.-i;i:i, t:: niher words, 'lie oriental j oils were ali. uiine'y oat of omtipe tition j with lite cottonseed "ii in (Ins country, j booair-a.- they c-oaM not soil it fur j enousls to pay the freight on il at that! time, bat orient.ii oiis were cotnpo'.inyj with lis in I"ranee and Spain and Italy,; because III-- Me.ypttan and liie oils j from India wire belli;; shipped by j walcr into that soiillurn territory ot i Ihirope, nail we are ip-liine on.- olivei .il now friim the orivuiai oils and il i- j eruwdinu lite collic. sei.d oat of themarki I "Vi-r there. and in that way itj is affect in:; as, but mir liile- tariff! proposition did not b i|> us a parlh-le,| ,'oj- it caa not help lis in no- ei>:npoti-j .ii.ji with oriental oi's i.i l-"i:i ?. ? and j I'alv and those nt'ior countries. Tail I j I (ConI inucd cn Tagc Eight.) FEEDING GERMAN CHILDREN' I American Philanthropists Are Assist- j ing in Rescuing the Perishing. t ARE MOSTLY FED ON SOUP AND RICE ? r t Poorest Children Are Suffering Most? j Care is Taken to Feed Those Most t in Need. V j By Frederick- J. IJaskin. t Washington, D> C.?The condition or 1 German children, and the organized c efforts which American philanthropists c are making to help them, were vividly r described io us by. an American who t recently left Berlin. s The children of Germany turn out to i have been the greatest sufferers of all, v and the greatest calamity of the war, 2 for Germany and for the whole world, is that millions of European - children are being starved and stunted. c Kinderhilfsmission of the American t Friends' Service Committee, at 2 Doro- f theenstrasse, Berlin, which has direc- f tion of the 'child-feeding work of the r American Relief Administration- irj t Germany, is at present feeding 560,000 n children a day, and if the voluntary t contributions on which this work do- n ponds permit, that number will be in- e creased to 1,000.000 this year. s In the first school visited, a parish v or government school, the children 1 were eating in the gymnasium. While p older boys were going through exer- ii cises in the back of the room, children yp selected according to their needs lined i: up for feeding at the other end. Each j had a tin cup and spoon and in turn v received a big portion of rice and milk h from the two teachers who handled the p work. The children all have rood a cards, which they must show to; the c teacher, who keeps a careful record of j every meal given. An American work- h er supervises the distribution and. sees c that the food is eaten on the premises', p not wasted, and is given where the p ?,J* i T?-k colii\a1 f hnro t: neeci is sixiutst. xn l<..o mv?w. *.. K were no benches, so the little girls tooic v llieir bowls away, sitting in corners uniler parallel bars or on "horses," jj while the boys grouped together and v chattered vociferously in intervals of v fating. 'c In another block of this huge brick e building was a Lyzcum Schuic, or girl's n bii'h school, where some feeding is al- f so carried on. Here the girls eat in a e classroom seated at their desks. Girls j in the high school ranging from G to 14 ^ in age arc better clad and In slightly j, better physical condition. They come c from upper middle-class families. j The next place visited was a Catholic n school, where the principal, a small, ^ energetic man, eating his own lunch (a f] blackbrcad sandwich), was supervising the child feeding. The food had been j, given out here in I ho entrance hall and j. two little boys wUh long spoons were ;l busy scraping the last vestige of rice jj rrom the big container, a former army Icettie. . It was almost as clean as if it ^ . i ........l ]na v.*.iI o>\ la . 11(1(1 OVOJI . 4VllllH.il 11 ..... ...... Lke same district is a Kintlorhcim. comfortably housed in a little frame house. There the little children had lii.se finished their meal and were I( marching around Ihe room in pairs, sinking: songs. They were from 2 to li years in aye,' and during the feeding hour their mothers are invited to coma in and share in the hot luncn. Poor Suffer Moat, , Another day was spent in a. poorer f district. The poor section of Berlin , could never he called a slum. The streets are v ide and clean and .the buildings well constructed, in no way resembling the slums oC New York or London. But closer inspection reveals g Lite poverty and misery of 1 lie German working class today. The women are lint less,' and with the thermometer at *<to have only shawls to wrap around I heir thin dresses. The footwear is inadequate, wooden-soled clogs anil cheap carpet slippers being general. Piie faces seen on all sides are pinch " - I K im1, worn, iiuil-grny ur wma- m Tim schools here, too, are housed In T buildings, hut the chHrlrcn who c line up for (ho daily feeding tell the c universal story of chronic undernour- u ishmorit. f>n this day the howls were n liied with a hot mixture of beans and o rice; and much to their delight, eaeli child was also handed a big sweet roll, g Those roils are given four times a t week. Poverty-stricken as it is, the o Herman government has undertaken tnj p supply the flour and sugar for the rolls a during tiie next six months. t Xoarly two rooms have been taken i and. tittel up for use as a (lining room j a for mothers. 10very morning between c 1(1 and IL' o'clock 12S of ther.t come for n a In t meal. They have the same food a as that given to the children, hut e larger portions. All the women are t either nursing young babies or are ex- ji pedant mothers. They are chosen by I | a local committee of doctors in thejri same waj the school children arc p v.'leeti (1. In these rooms children up to i six yes i s come in the afternoon for t fooil. The I'eodini? of mothers and very o yomifc children is more difficult on aceoi'.iit of having" no eentrai place in i vrhieh fo-nl ran be served and no or- b sani'/aiion to work through as in the o seimols. At the kitchen for this dis- | tricl. where lD.OOfl mettis a day are pre- t pa red, is another dining room for p mothers, pealing -."i1 "very afternoon. > a A very interesting group of children id was seen in another thickly populated a district of woi kin;r-class families. I lore j i: lliree log schools were grouped t.. t srelher in one "com pit X." the buildings having distinct entrances r>n different 1:1 streets. There was a boy's school, a j j; / girls' school and one for deaf and lumb children of both sexes. These atter were in very bad physical conlition, many being tubercular. After j| Inding out by signs jfrom their eaehers that their visitors were foreigners they asked for postage stamps ind it was pathetic to^sec the. eager-. ^ less with which these young collecors pounced on the most common American or English stamps. As the eacher said, it indicates the isolation nto which Germany has been plunged thr? irap T'hrt -muni thic timrt wns lot chocolate soup?a sort of thin ornstarch pudding. A generous bowl if this with the big white roll was a neal to.be envied, and it is probably 1 he most popular of the six menus 1 erved every week. The huge kitchen or this district, all the equipment or 2 rhich is old army material, supplies 1 8,000 of these meals daily. Not a Religious Work. * In every child.-feeding center through- 2 ut Germany is displayed a printed no- 1 ice telling of the regulations of the 1 eeding work of the Society of Friends. 2 n the past, notably in Catholic Bava- x ia, there has been some objection-to his by Germans 'who feared that one * active of the campaign was to convert I he children to another religion, but by * ow it has been thoroughly demonstrat- s d that the spirit behind the work Is 1 imply one of practical philanthropy in * rhich differences of creed play-no part. c ,'oday when a German' urchin asks a ' laymate if he ha3 been "Quakcrlzed" 1 t is not a religious question, but simr, 1 ly an inquiry as to whether or not he s 3 lucky enough to be on the Friends' c 'ceding list. The money given for this { ;ovk comes from' many sources mostly n humble gifts, and only a portion of ? I from the Society of Friends. Nor are * II the workers, many of whom are 1 lermans, members of the society. The 1 irectiou of the Whole work is in their * ands, however because of^ their efR- * iency and self-sacrifice with which t hey have undertaken a scryicc or rer 3 ef as important as any In the'worlds r Ivery Friend in' Germany, today is a J olunteer, unpaid worker. 1 , 2 A great deal of care has been taken c v tho friends to insure that this help -I / ill go. where it is most needed. The ,fork is largely decentralized and local ommitteos of German, doctors, toachrs and social workers select from the lost necessitous those who.are to be avored. The meal is arranged as an xtra and being given between 10 and 1 o'clock in the morning supplements ho food the child may be getting au rime. tVTthout it, however, 'ihany hildren would go brcakfastlcss. All ood must be eaten on the spot. It is ecessary to enforce, this rule strictly ccausc at first it was found that chilron would run outside and give their ortion to a waiting parent to take ome. Then, too, children might he opt at home intentionally if there was chance of the meal being sent to the 'ousc. That these children'to whom none of s ho responsibility for the war can dc 1 raced, stand in great need of assist- ' nee is obvious. Most of them are pale, c stlcss and undersized. A little boy f .-ho was pointed out as 0 years of age t Hiked scarcely 5. It is the same with c lie girls. They are flat-chested, with a nhealthy and pcrtuberant stomachs, ci nd spindly, rickety legs. They come f agerly for the food and cat with en- i >yment. A feeding period lasts for f lirce months, at the end of which time 1 he children are examined again by ihe i octors. Those who show considerable c nprovemcnt must be dropped from the t st in order to make room lor some 1" ew child, in need, for lack of money < ' mils the work of the American Friends i crvice committee to the very needless f ases. . X 0 1: CORPORATION SENDS COTTON. f c Jready o,COQ Balos ot oaroima rmuuwi. , r Sent to Europe. n Since the initial shipment of 600 N ales, made just before Christmas, the American Products Export and Import j orporation, the so-called cotton export f. orporation. has shipped to Europe up ^ j January 20, 2,300 additional bales, r *iking a total ot" about 3,000 bales now c n the water consigned to Europe. a One of the primary objects of this or- ^ animation, which is an outgrowth of he "American Cotton association, is to, pen up the markets of Europe, now j radically closed, by the soutli's staple. r nd to furnish the necessary credits to v his end. The cotton export corpora- j ion, headed by former Governor Rich- g id 1. Manning, ot South Carolina, so- , ured its charter in December and is ; ow a going concern. Shipments j broad arc slower than they would be c xccpt tor the necessity of rigid inves- t igation of the mills "and banks endors- j ng the paper and the general condi-yj ^ :on? s-iiToundina them, but that ship- j , nontfi are actually being made undcrL uvorab.'c cc.inmcrclal conditions is ve- I [me we must use every precaution'so) he plan under which the corporation is iperating. "The outlook for a good and expanding business abroad is even better aud irighler than we anticipated," Clovernr Manning declares. "At the same inte we must use every precaution so hat our transactions will be as safe as (nssible. We cannot promise the public sudden improvement in general conlitions. but we are working steadily c long lines that we believe will be sat- j ^factory to tin; stockholders and a fae- % or in improving general conditions. | The domestic business of the enrpor- f lion is also reported to he moving satisfactorily. TRAPPING WILD ANIMALS J| tecessary to Kill Tfiem Offy In |p| Many Sections of the Country. ; IfILD ANIMAL RANCHES THRIVING Vivisection of Animals Saves Thous^^:^ ands of Human Lives Each Year^yW? f-oxes and Other Animals Would'^V^ Make Life Hard for Farmer if Not Kept Down. ; V(BjHFrederick J. Haskin.)Washington, D. C.?Much attention; vas attracted recently by a cartoon vhich depicted a fashionable woraaa:^! :lad in furs, caught in a steel trap-y;^^ ind dragging herself painfully across he snow. B ' . The implication was of course, ,tH^t ;V^ .he trapping of fur-bearing animals i cruel business; that each womap^fe vho wears fur is a party to; it, and.; - m hat she ought, therefore, to be put i steel' trap herself in order tp' leariij^|^J vhat it feels like. .*' : This is the kind of sentimentalit^g^x^ hat still makes a hit with-, a !lafgel^fjj$ iart of the American public; despite ill he fact that it is as alien to. commoalcy^'s' icnse and the facts of the case as lightmare. It, is in the same cla8S^^% vith the persistent attack on the,-use.0^ >{ living animals for scientific expert; ment, which involves the "sacrifice-of heir lives. The prevention, ofrthis^^ ise of animals in the' preparation; 'of ;erums and anti-toxins alone would :ost thousands ( of human. llvesij'-tKeiiiv'^ irst-year it went into. effect'-- < . - i}; The fallacy underlying all .of:tiicse'-j:r^vf lentimentalities about. the., killing "Tof; he lower animals consists in the" fail^rf. ire to recognize the fact that .man^.*^ s a carniverous animal \vho iives vbyr.: filling, and whose only aJternative\^vjv| s to be killed himself, -directly-or lirectly. , It' is our inevitable .destin>v^%; ls the. species of mammal which dd^j m ninates tpe earth; to kill all other; ng thing's in order to maintain' thatp^ lomination.1- And it is our-duty fivilized men to k'll as cleanly vand?xi'iv| x...* Jciimcr^aiy CLS> \VC kjclii. JJUU UIO . tj i r.t'^z nentality which shrinks in horaj&?Mj rom killing is a symptom of race feneration. The sentimentalists vould abolish alL killing, live only, by^i Is he protection of those who are not io squeamish. If we all became;sen imentalists on the. r.ubjoct, the: race; vould soon disappear off the face ot^t^ he earth. At least.1 it Ayould ;dtj?we^^ rtOL'Ti'' tir our ' sfc'ntimen'tal^tyJ natter of fact, wo. would .probabty*ife^"^ ort to savagery and recover our lu8t;-?:$; 'or blood. Is Trapping Nocessary? * It may be objected that while killing. n general is undoubtedly necessary, '.ifc he cruel form of killing represented! >y the catching of animals in gteel ^ ^*.! raps is not necessary. But as a mat- .-if| er of fact it remains necessary until iome other equally effective and more lumanc way of killing these creatures s discovered. And not primarily be- : ?*ause wc need tlieir fur, either. The , p.; ur problem is rapidly being solved by V/v he raising of fur-bearing animals in , laptlvity. Already ranch-raised fox . Jf.ti. nd skunk furs are standard commo- * ,-f lities, and a great variety of other ur-bearing animals are being raised >Jhi n small Jjut growing numbers. ,The, anch-raised'fur la hotter In quality;)han the wild fur, and it is bound to mprove enormously a3 the methods \'.xl pf selective breeding- 'are applied to. hese creatures. Consider what man '-".'-'a ' ' cifV ias done with the ,dog, producing from y me of two parent stocks a great varety of creatures, varying in size, :* orm, color and coat. There is no, eason to doubt that some of the fur- ; ,/v pearers will be equally improved. The ; >ti ur farmer will put the trapper out ?f business. The trapper will no more rj >e able fo compete with him than a nan with a shotcun could compete as 1 l food producer with the owner of a \i rell-stocked poultry farm. Fur will then be produced humane- . V. y, at least in appearance. If given, lis choice, the fox would rather run viltl and be trapped than live in a pen ill his life and be drowned in a buck-' >t. But at least there is nothing ibout fur-farming to outrage the senimentalists. * .x'i Animals Must Bo Killed. ; '. The trouble is that the trapping wilj. > lave to go right on. If trappers Inr ? ^ ilmost every county in the United '*/:'] states did not wage ceaseless war on. ., * \ ?' he predatory animals, no sort of,: ' itock raising would lpe possible anyvhere. These animals, unchecked, . vould rtach an astounding abundance. *' t would be as impossible to raise hickens in an ordinary farming ommunity as it is now to raise them, n a complete wilderness. Already ^he' axpayers of the nation, co-operating ; vith those of a number of western1 :tatc-? are maintaining a little army ' f government trappers to keep down. ho coyotes, wolves and panthers in. he west. "When the private trappers jo out of business, as they probably vill, it will be necessary to extend; his army enormously. The foxes, skunks, racoons and weasels would ':i p.akc life just as hard for the farm>r in the oast .us the larger beasts do n the west, wore they not kept down. How Trappers Work. Perhaps Ihe sentimentalists who rainpaign against trapping and wear- ? ng of fur can suggest some better V vay of killing thc-se animals than rapping. If so, they should come orwanl. These creatures cannot be (Continued on "Page Seven). it