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YORKYILLE ENQUIRER. ISSPSD SBMI-WEEKLT. l. m. grists soxs, pobiwhcrs. | % c^amilg gemsgagei;: |for th< promotion of fhf{ ^olitiqal, ^oqial, ^.grteultuqal and <Eommei;ria! Interests of th^ $eojt<. [ TER"^^opi,EFiv?ne^ance YORK, S. C., FRIDAY, JTJdSTE 27, 1919. ' 3STQ.51 SINKING OF GERMAN SHIPS Full Story of Remarkable Incident In Scapa Flow. GERMAN GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBLE ' Admiral in Charge Says He Thought the Armistice Was Over and He Had a Right to Take Such Steps as He Considered Necessary Many German Sailors Missing Some of the - Ships Will Be Quickly Recovered. It is now accepted that the German fleet was aunk under instructions from Germany. The thing was done by order of the admiral in command, he trying to Justify himself with the claim that he believed the armistice.at an end. It also develops that the German sailors who were killed owe their deaths to the German officers rather than to British Art The British ordered the men back to try to save the ships by closing the seacocks, and when the men started te obey the German officers shot them. Several of f the sunken ships have been saved already. Although reports have stated that ^ six Germans were killed and ten wounded when the boats of the Ger^ man fleet in Scapa Flow were fired upon, subsequent to the scuttling of the fleet, the Daily Mail saysH^at others may have been * drowned .id that some may possibly have *rtached the Orkney islands and have not as yet been reported. The main force of the British fleet was absent exercising at sea when the German ships were sunk, only some drifters, small warships, and patrolling aircraft bein& on guard over the interned enemy squadron. Admiral von Reuter, commander of the surrendered German fleet, the Daily Mail adds, says that he "believed from newspaper reports, that the armistice had been ended." Admiral von Reuter visited Germany some weeks ago, it being understood ? at the time that the reason for his trip there was that he was ill, hut ne soon returned, and it is believed that at that time he circulated the order to siak the German ships, by evading the censorship or making signals to the various vessels, an act which fhe close proximity of the German ships made quite easy. The Mail quotes the admiralty as denying that the German crews were periodically changed, and saying that the original crews remained on board the vessels. There were from 150 to 200 men on the big ships, and from ten to twenty on board the destroyers. There were, therefore, nearly 5,000 in the water on the ships' boats when the fleet was sunk. Fourteen hundred were landed by the British on Sunday at Nlgg, Rosshire, on the northern shore of Cromarty Firth- They were placed in hutments and are being held under military guard. The Daily Mail prints the ctory of an eye-witness of the sinking of the fleet, who says that he witnessed naval activities at Scapa Flow for many years and saw many impressive sights, but "the most imposing of them was tame compared with Saturday's staggering * spectacle. "Toward noon one of the German battleships was reported in a sinking condition, and almost simultaneously each German ship hoisted the German ensign at the masthead, the most of them showing also tne reu nag ai men p foremast. "The crews immediately commenced to leave the ships, and it was soon evident that a concerted plan of action was being carried out." From the behavior of the ships, according to the Mail, it was evident the sea valves had been opened, and in a surprisingly short time the vessels, big and small, began to settle down. Every effort was made by the British navl al craft to beach the sinking ships, and In the case of destroyers considerble success was achieved. By 1 o'clock in the afternoon, however, what an hour before had been a stately fleet riding calmly at anchor was an array of reeling, rocking battleships, the doom of which was written on their movements. Ships Plunged in Cloud of Steam. Here a destroyer would disappear amid a cloud of steam, and there a battleship would take her last plunge and disappear in a cloud of spray. Onej would settle down by the stern and| another would heel over until only the keel showed above waterThe Derfflinger, Hindenburg, von der Tann, Aloltke, and Seydlitz settled down beside each other, the last named turning turtle as she filled with water. Her keel is still showing where she capsized. The waters of Scapa Flow ~ were dotted*, with small boats full of men who had, with dramatic suddenness, settled the question of the disposition of the interned ships. As the first boatloads of the escaping erew were towed alongside of H. M. SVictorious by a drifter a German officer in the boat ordered his men to cheer. They responded with three vigorous "Hochs." Craft of every description followed fast to the side of the warship, each towing boatloads of Germans, who were taken on board the Victorious, the decks of which soon became crowdman onrf hunrllPS. A German officer who came aboard wore a sword and seemed to wish to w make an impressive ceremony by handing it over to an officer who had been in command of a di/ision of interned destroyers. "We are not Bolsheviki," he saM. > "Peace was signed today. We had our orders and carried them out." The Germans were not aware that the armistice had been extended until Monday, and there was an almost continuous clicking and saluting as the officers of various ships greeted each other on coming aboard. , That the Germans were ready for the event was apparent from the amount and variety of the gear they had with them, seamen staggering under the weight of bundles bigger than themselves, the salvage representing * everything from banjos to pet dogs. Both the officers and men seemed anxious that none of their ships should be saved. One officer, v/ho wore the iron cross, | pointed to the sinking ships and said: "See how the German navy goes down with its flags flying." British Hauled Down Enemy Flag. . Such, however, was not the case, as H British sailors had boarded most of the German ships and had hauled down the flags before the vessels went under. The prospect of salvaging a few "j ships is fairly hopeful, the Mail saysNone has gone down in really deep water. The beaching of the sinking ships < proved a difficult and, at times, a dangerous matter. One destroyer sank as it was being towed ashore. British sailors on board having scarcely time to jump clear before the craft went 1 down. About twenty destroyers out of the * fifty that were interned were beached 1 during the afternoon. The German 8 crews which were taken to the Victo- s rious were later transferred to other * warships. "What was a crowded anchorage this * morning," wired a Mail correspondent ^ late on Saturday, "is a desolate ex- * panse of water tonight, with here and s there the masts of a sunken German P ship marking the final resting place of * a once proud and mighty high seas v fleet." t One of the Mail's correspondents who watched the sinking shi?s from the air 1 station at Houton, which overlooks the S anchorage, writes: 11 "The battleships, as a rule, gradual- P ly submerged until their decks were al- s most awash. Then they turned turtle and went quickly out of sight, there s being a slight boiling of the sea at In- a tervals for several hours, and a bluish c scum on the water caused by the re- P lease of oil. These were all that mark- C ed the spot where the ships had gone 1 down. P "The light cruisers settled by the stern or bows, and sometimes 100 feet of the hull of one of these ships projected into the air, like huge whales r leaping from the water. 0 "When the last sinking battleship d disappeared a drifter and trawler were h at work alongside, and a destroyer was t standing by, evidently making an at- c tempt to tow the battleship into shal- e low water. A long splash between the 1 destroyer and the ship showed that the a tow line had parted. r "The battleship canted violently, the a drifter moved off, an 1, quicker than a c photographer beside the writer was a able to change a plate in his camera, u not a single vestige of the battleship 8 remained. n "A number of German sailors came I *" " ftnndav after- b lO xne pier ai nvuw? noon, but were not permitted to land, P being directed to the flagship. Strong o patrols were landed from the fleet and e took positions alongside the beach, f presumably to deal with any German fl swimmers who came ashore." v Germans Leaped Into the Sea. A Thurso dispatch to the Mail says a that the moment the German flagship o ran up the red flag twenty or.^hirty 11 British destroyers and trawlers w^re tl patroling in and out of the German jc lines. IP A rush of Germans to the boats fol- h lowed the signal, but the capacity of I the boats was limited, as their number I was cut down some time ago. All the Germans wore lifebelts, and those unable to enter the boats leaped into the t sea without hesitation. 3 In the meantime guard ships and c several destroyers opened Are on the c boats, and the Germans leaped over- r board. Then the destroyers, patrol \ boats, and pinnaces dashed in all di- r rections picking up the Germans from i the water. v "It is known here," the dispatch c says, "that the behavior of the crews t of the German ships has been growing t progressively worse The first few 41 men from r weens aner iue m the German ships were allowed to land i on the island, but ery soon farmers r complained of the loss of sheep. Leave i for the Germans thereupon stopped c only one boat being allowed to each j squadron." r STATE NEWS IN BRIEF. \ Interesting News Items from All Sec- . tions of South Carolina. t The Fort Hill bar.k of Clemson eel- ' lege has been organized with a capital ' stock of $20,000. A number of South Carolina boys have recently gone to Kansas to work in the wheat fields. The Baptist hospital in Columbia is contemplating the erection of a new building at a cost of $200,000. A thousand or more German prisoners left Charleston this week on the transport Rotterdam, bound for Germany. 'i - f 1 *? ? * ix| o The cny council m v ~ J awarded contracts for the building: of a modern abattoir in that city to cost about $24,000. Dr. John (5. Clinkscales has resigned ' as a member of tbe Spartanburg county board of education and has been succeeded by C\ K. Daniel. William K. Gonzales of Columbia. ' now I'nited States minister to Cuba, 1 has been nominated by President Wil- * on to be minister to Peru. A number of cases of typhoid fever 1 have been reported to the state board ' of health from various sections of the state during the post several days. ( Vinson C. Brunson and Charles S. ' Gardner have purchased the Florence 1 Daily Times and weekly Times-Mes- 1 si nger and will continue to publish the * two papers. 1 Burglars entered the oflice of Dr. F. D. Kendall of Columbia, t few nights ago and stole Liberty bonds ' valued at $1,450. The bonds were in a ' desk drawer in the doctor's office. f All sheriffs of South Carolina, all ' solicitors and all foremen of grand 1 - ~ 4 juries have been requested uy imv- > ernor Cooper to assemble at the state i house July 1, for the purpose of dis- I cursing law enforcement. t The annual meeting of the South * Carolina Press Association is to be < held in Greenville Monday, Tuesday 1 and Wednesday of next week. J. L?. < Mints, editor of the Edgefield Ad-er- > tiser, is president of the association. Willie Hethune. a Marlboro county < negro whose case has been in the South i Carolina courts for the past ten years, received a new lease on life this week < when the supreme court in an opinion < by Chief Justice Gary remanded him i back to Marlboro county to stand the seventh trial for his life. Bethune has six times been convicted of the mur- 1 der of g. Tt. Mints, a white ntan of t Marlboro county on February 21, 1909, 1 McLAURIN IN DAKOTA Ian From South Carolina Making Hot Fight. ELLS THEM TO THEIR TEETH ' 1 * 1 )pposition Calls the Senator an Imported Hireling; But the Great Crowds That Hear Him Believe ( Nothing of the Kind. i'argo, N. D., Courier-News, Sunday. "Before I came to North Dakota I i lad heard through such papers as the ( ''argo Forum so much about the Bolheviki, anarchists and I. W. W- of this i tate that my friends were afraid to < iave?me come. Since arriving here I ( lave found a more dangerous animal han any of these. It is called the I. ] T. A. I have also located the biggest t lolsheviki and anarchy factory in the tate. It is the Fargo Forum. It is ; apers like the Forum, more than any- < hing /else, that are responsible for rhat Bolshevism we have in this coun- 1 ry." * Roars of applause greeted former t Ipited States Senator McLaurin of iouth Carolina at the meeting last ? light near the Gardner hotel as he re lied in these words to the misrepre- f entations of the I. V. A. sheets. Packed closely around the speakers' t tand and extending in every direction 1 a far as the speakers' voices could < arry, was a crowd that greeted every oint and sally of the speakers Mayor < Jillan of Newark, If. J., and J. L. McAurin with vigorous cheers and apilause. The Short and Ugly. Continuing his reply to the attacks of the opposition papers, Mr. McLauin said: 'The Fargo Forum and other pposition sheets have said a great leal about imported orators. They iave denounced me because I am from he state of South Carolina. They have barged tMat I am here for the pay I xpect to gee from Townley and the .league leaders. To such a falsehood nd such an insult, there is only one eply in South Carolina. It is the short .nd ugly word. So far as I am conerned the statements in the Forum nd other I. V. A. papers are absolutely intrue. Not only have I offered my ervicea to the North Dakota movenent free, but before I leave this state intend- to make a substantial contriution to this cause which I have estoused and which I love as much as ny of you. I come from a state where nen scorn to do great public services or hire, although, this perhaps cou'd lot be understood by men connected pith the ForumNot only have these papers systemtically lied about me and about their wn state, befoulihg their own state Ike an etil bird befouls its nest, but heir" misrepresentations have deceived mnn nt hich standing and great Philanthropy whose money now would 1 ie poured into this state to help this ' reat movement, had they not been f eceived. s Denies Charge of Alien. "I never dreamed before that the ime had come when men from one t tate of this great Union are not welome in another to espouse the priniples of their choice and belief. I . lever thought the day would come rhen men from sister states would be r eferred to as though they were aliens. ( thought this was one great country j irhere Americans are everywhere welome to express the best that is in , hem, but one has much to learn from c he papers of the opposition." v Senator McLaurin told about his es- j )0usal of "League" prirciples in 1905 c n South garolina. He described the t novement of the cotton planters simlar in so many ways to the movement j >f the wheat farmers of North Dakota. , Te told how much more complete the . novement was here than among the ] Planters. He outlined the N'orth Da- | iota movement and principles and de- , dared them to be the hope of the na" * * ion, and dwelt for some nme on u?c < state bank and the home building act, | ind showed how under the amortiza- ] ion plan of the state bank a man , vould obtain the same loan at a cost ( )f $9,000 which under the interest and \ principal payments of ordinary banks vould cost $17,000. Judge Amidon's atest decision was praised as one of he most remarkable and important udicial decisions in the history of \merica. A great wheat slump was Predicted to follow the cancellation of ' he Federal guarantee in 1920,.and the people were warned to stand by the state bank as that alone would save he North Dakota producers and give ihem a distinct advantage over the roducers of all other states. Mayor Gillen Speaks. Mayor Gillen of Newark, N. J., was ' :he first speaker of the evening. "The :ime has come," said he, "when the ' profiteer must go. That hour has truck and North Dakota is the clock, ind there is not a state in the Union hat will not follow North Dakota's ' ead." The mayor of Newark devoted most 1 >f his time to the North Dakota new aws and program me and to the move- ' nent in Newark which ended in the ' public ownership of many milk stuions in the New Jersey city where the Drice of milk was reduced from 18 to 11 cents a quart. The state bank was explained and he benefits of the state-owned elevaors and flour mills was described. The state bank will bring $20,000,000 into he state from reserves now held in Vlinneapolis and other cities outside he state, said Mayor Gillen. The advantage of the industrial commisssion dan of concentrating the responsibili:y in a small efficient board was | shown by a comparison between the , Did methods in Newark under many arge boards and the new way of governing the city with a small commisuon of five men. When ..Ir. McLaurin closed he shouted to the crowd to stand firm for the lew laws and vote "Yes" seven times. , 'No," thundered someone at the rear Df the crowd. "Yes," shouted hun- , Ireds of members of the audience in . eply. Luther Brock of Anderson, a young 1 ivhite man recently discharged from ] the army and who has been married 1 luit a short time was instantly killed ] last Saturday at the home of his father in Anderson by a bolt of lightning'. The trial of the suit of former Lieut. 3overnor A. J. Bethea against the Columbia Record in which tho plantiff ?eeks damages in the sum vf $100,000 >n account of certain articles appearng in the newspaper relative to his onnection with the army and the ight to wear the uniform is now in progress. CURRENT EVENTS News Paragraphs Gleaned from All Around the World. ^ A number of United States governnent aeroplanes are now being con:entrated on the Mexican border. Lloyd Itanew, who killed his brother \rch near State3boro, Ga., last week >nd accidentally wounded his 72-year)ld mother, has been acquitted. The German note ncceptlng the AlV ied peace conditions without reserva,ion. made only one typewritten page. Samuel Gompers has been re-elect^?! )resident of the American Federation >f tabor. Yeggman robbed a safe in Pctersv.irg, Va.. Monday morning and es nped with $12,000 in cash, and securiies. . The signing of the pence treaty i9 iot likely to take place before Friday, iccording to authentic announcement Tom Paris. Fire in the aerodrome at St Cyr Paris Sunday destroyed eighteen hangars and 102 airplanes, doing a property damage >f more than 4,000,000 francs. . A great northern train was blown Tom the tracks twenty-one miles west )f Fergus Falls during a cyclone which it ruck Minnesota a few days ago. Admiral von Reuter, in command >f the German fleet scuttled and sunk n the Scapa Flow, will be courtmarialed for having broken the armistice conditions. Cotton mill workers of Lancashire, England, have refused to settle a strike >n a basis of 30 per cent increase in vages and a working week of fortyeight hours. * " J ""V. I /iV.n *>rro/l nrlf h fhp Aiireu uuuuiu, viiaigcu nurder of Ruth Cruger, in New York n 1917, is on trial for his life in Boogna, Italy. He denies the crime, vhich he charges to his wife. The lower house of the Texas generil assembly has adopted a resolution atlfying the woman suffrage amendnent to the Federal constitution. The 'ote was 96 to 21. More than sixty bodies have been' ccovered from the ruins of a moving >lcture show which was destroyed by* ire at Mayaguez, P. R., last week. The njured numbered a hundred and fifty nany of whom will die. More than 3,000 teamsters, porters ind chauffeurs are on a strike in New fork city. The city's supply of fruits ind vegetables is well nigh exhausted is a result of the strike. German sailors were jbot by th^n )wrl^t)fneers when they attemptftafltoBritish naval officers who ordered hem to return to their ships and shut he seasocks at the time the Germans sunk their ships in Scapa Flow. Seventy trained observers have been ent to the Kansas wheat fields in an sffort to prevent incendiary fires and to varn the farmers against I. W. W. agistors, believed to be in the, wheat belt ind to run down radicalsMore than 5,000 persons visited the omb of ex-President Theodore Roose.elt at Oyster Bay last Sunday. Three ncn in the uniform of naval officers >( the Republic of Brazil placed a argo wreath of orchids on the grave, Development of closer commercial -elations between Brazil and other :ountries, the United States especially, vas declared Tuesday by Dr. Epitaclo 'essoa, president elect of Brazil, to bo >ne of the aims of his coming adminisration. Richard T. Berry, assistant light lousekeepcr at Sanibel, Fla., was kill ?d Sunday by J. W. Lee as a result of -? /Hfflnulf i? no nl Inn in Iho Hqv in vuhiph Lec demanded an /apology for an alleged insult to his wife which Berry refused to make. Gordon Fawcett Hamby was convicted in Brooklyn, N. Y., Tuesday, of the murder of two employes of the East Brooklyn Savings bank, in a holdjp last December. The trial was but i form, Hamby having pleaded guilty to the charges against him. Friedrlch von Berg, formerly chief of the civil cabinet of William Hohenzollorn, died Sunday at Amerongren, where the one time monarch is stopping. The former emperor is said to have sawed 5.000 trees since he sought refuge in the Dutch castle. BRITISH POWER PLANS. Will Make the Water Take Place of Coal. England is preparing to provide herself with cheap and abundant electricty for heating, lighting and manufacturing purposes at an initial cost of approximately $100,000,000. The bill to accomplish that result has been introduced ii> parliament by the house secretary and with the endorsement of the government as well as of people of all classes, it is expected to become a law in the very near future. The plan for placing the country on an electrical basis provides for its division into districts, each district to be in charge of a commission. This body, whose members are to hold office at the pleasure of the king, will be empowered to acquire generating plants and transmission lines already built and to build such plants and lines as it may deem necessary. The commissioners are to conduct experiments for the purpose of improving methods of supply for which purpose they will lie emi>owered to call to their assistance an advisory committee of unquestioned experts. It is not the purpose of the government to build all the electrical appar itus in the country but private eorporitions entering the field must obtain the consent of the government and .bide by its regulations. Water power will be extensively used is generating electricity to reduce the cost and to stimulate its use for manufacturing and domestic purposes. It,is also said that within a reasonable time every railroad in the country will be electrified. .t*T The most powerful lamp in the tvorld is In the De La Heve lighthouse lear Havre. With flashes one-tenth of i second in duration, it actually gives is much light as two and a half mili n candles. GLAD HE IS BACK He Went, Saw, Got as Much as He Wanted. CARL GUALDEN TALKS OF FRANCE Went Over Early and Saw Lots of Service Cooties Didn't Get Him; But He Was De-cootieized Twice Would Not Give a York County Foot for a French Estate. York county had at least one soldier to serve overseas who is "cootieproof." He is First Sergeant Carl J. Gaulden of the 306th Military Police, who returned to the home of his father, Mr. John J. Gaulden, on Yorkville No. 3, last Sunday, after many months of serviee with the famous 81st (Wildcat) Division overseas. He arrived at Newport News from Bordeaux, France, about ten days ago and was discharged at Camp Jackson on June 21. The trip back home was made on the steamship "Black Arrow," one of the many boats that once belonged to Germany before Uncle Sam took them and changed the German into a good "old American name. The ship babught back several thousand American soldiers and the trip home was without incident "I was de-cootieizcd a couple of times before they turned me go," said Sergeant Gaulden in relating some of his experiences to an Enquirer representative "once at Bordeaux as we [were leaving for God's country and again at Newport News. But really there was no need of all that ceremony [in my case because I never had a (cootie on me the whole time I was overseas and I never saw one. But the rest of the fellows in my company oh, boy I guess I was just cootieproof. I can't ascribe my good fortune to anything else." Sergeant Gaulden talked most interestingly of some of his experiences overseas. By the way, he was one of the first six men to be drafted from Local Board No. 2 of York county, Slaving been sent to Camp Jackson on 'September 6, 1917. He was assigned to d;ity with a military police organization and served in the city of Co- , lumbia for quite a while in that capacity. When the Eighty:flrst division was formed he was assigned to duty with he 306th Military Police of that division, served at Camp Sevier for several weeks in that capacity, being appointed first sergeant in the meantime and continuing in the same branch of Service in France. The Eighty-first Division left Camp Sevier the latter part of July, and landed in Liverpool on August 11. From there they crossed the channel to iterance. Most of the time the military lalice were stationed in the vicinity of pFrenclj town of Raon Letope. The ^rafigot into the scrapping in earliest about the middle of September and the M. P.'s, with the rest of the division mov,ed up into the Vosges mountains, Sergeant Gaulden with the balance of the Wildcat bunch getting his baptism of fire or rather being right in an active sector. The military police lost only one man, he dying of disease. Battle casualties in the entire division were very light because of the fact that the division was not engaged in actual fighting as long as wer? some of the other divisions. "The military police had a soft time of it, compared with some others," said the sergeant. "Of course we were kept pretty busy; it being our job to keep order among our soldiers. They gave us little trouble, although occasionally some fellow would get a little too gay and we would have to Impress upon him the fact that we were M. P.'s." Asked what he thought of France and the French the sergeant said: "It is a beautiful country and in many respects a wonderful country. The better oiass of French people are fine; the lower classes well, I don't think so much of them. All were glad of the presence of the Americans and there is no question of the fact but what all of them are convinced that we won the war for the Allies- The great majority of them showed us in every possible way that they appreciated our assistance. We were treated most honestly and fairly except by some of the lower class of shopkeepers who fleeced us at every opportunity." "How about living over there? What inducement would be necessary for you to take up your permanent abode in Fr-ance?" Sergeant Gaulden was asked. "There couldn't be any inducement to get me to do that," he replied quickly. "Say, I wouldn't give one foot of my native sod for the finest farm in France and the Biggest castle in the land upon it if the conditions wer^ that I was to live there all of my life. Say man, this is the country do you get that God's country." Sergeant Gaulden is greatly improved in weight and general physique as a result oC his soldiering experiences. He has gained twenty pounds in weight since he entered the military service and his muscles are like steel. He admits himself that it has done him much good; but like most boys who have been through it all, he has enough to last him for the balance of his life and his one great desire is to get back into the old walks of life and forget it all. Sergeant Gaulden was a well known York county school teacher before he entered the military service. His two brothers, Messrs. William and Earl Gaulden have recently returned from overseas duty. The former is now at home, the latter at Newport N'ews, expecting to be returned home shortly. GOOD THINGS FOR WAR. Cocone Nut Hitherto Useless Now of Great Value. Before the war the cocone, which prows freely in the Southern Americas, on larpe trees of the palm family, was literally such a hard nut to crack that its vegetable oil had no place in commerce, and the tree was known chiefly as a botheration to banana planters when they wished to enlarge their plantations. Eighteen hundred pound's pressure is required to crack the cocone nut, and there was no machinery for doing it. Then government experts said that nothing else in the world would provide such good carbon for I gas masks as the cocone nut, and the United States financed the creation of [ machinery for cracking it, thus start ing a new and important industry, h Herenfter it will be well worth while 1 breaking the shell9 for the vegetable i oil inside them, valuable for cooking, fl lighting and the making of nut butter; e and the shells, happily no longer need- o ed for masks can be used as fuel or v in the manufacture of gas. And so, P out of an effort to prevent the expan- tl sion of autocracy by conquest, the tl Southern Americas find opportunity to expand by commerce.?Scientific v, American. . o m . fl WORLD'S GREATEST BATTLE n Expert Review of the Great Conflict of tl 1918. h The decieire battle of the European war will go down in hiatory, in the opinion of ^ General Debener. the commander of the Firat French army, nnder the name of "the Battle of 1918." In a note which appeara tl in the Jane issue of The Infantry Journal, ui me oinciai puDiicmuon of the oiticeri of that arm of the United States Regular army, he gives h> reason for that view. SI Cf By Gen. MARIE, EUGENE DEBENEY, ea Commanding First French Army. It Is most Important that the event which took place in 1918 should be tc realized. As a matter of fact many people do not understand the sequence of events *r and are surprised that the war should ec have end^d so suddenly. True to his- ^ torical tradition, they were always expecting the decisive battle which, ^ named after a town or village, would efi immortalize the German defeat. They t0 wanted an Austerlitz or Jena, a Solfer- ' lno or Sedan. They do not realize that these battles, which bear such great names, were fought on a six, seven, or * at the very most a twenty kilometer front Only 100,000 or 200,000 or 300,000 men were engaged in the most Important of these battles, which last- c< ed one or two days at the longest. Now our battle extended from the t0 sea to the Moselle, on a 400 kilometer lr front, and 6,000,000 men were employ- C( ed in it. Little wonder, therefore, that r' it lasted seven and one-half months. R This, however, did not prevent it from being one single battle. The French, British, American, and Bel- w gian armies ^fought incessantly under a common leader. They formed one huge army, which fought and won this unique and gigantic battle, thereby ob- ^ tainlng the most brilliant victory in u history. " The battle of 1918 began on March ' ( 21 and may lie divided into three ^ phases. Until the middle of July that is to say, during four months the Ger- e] mans took the offensive and obtained t] undeniable successes, which, were however, always checked and localized after a short time. On July 18 the situation was reversed. The ereat Allied offensive began w 13 on the left bank of the Olse carried out jr by two French armies. The battle on ^ the right bank was conducted by two other armies and two British armies. D In less than two months the Germans lr were everywhere compelled to retire to the famous Hindenburg line, from jr which they had started four months before. At this moment the German attack may be said to have failed, their men having been driven back to their former positions at the point of the bayc- lt net. The worst that even pessimists p, could say was that the battle was a draw- tl But it was only the second phase; c, the third was about to begjn. a At the Hindenburg Line. ^ It i3 well known that for three years ti the Hindenburg line, which the Ger- Q1 mans called "Siegfried," had been the t( real line of demarkatlon between the latter and the Allies. The Germans re- p garded it as Impregnable and behind ^ this bulwark, organized and reinforced CJ daily, they had accumulated ammuni- S( tion, constructed defenses, and brought j up a formidable amount of material. C( In fact, they had stripped Germany of t| all its war equipment in order to pile f( it up in France and Belgium in the ir sure protection of the Hindenburg jr line. o On September 26 the Allies attacked ^ the Hindenburg lino at different points It the American army and a French army in Champagne, a French army ^ and three British armies in "the Saint 0 Quentln-Cambrai zone. w ?"?? rlo.ro nf torrlhlo flelltinC /Vltci C&511W UH.J0 V4 u l( the Allies succeeded in breaking u through the famous lines, shattering c them at every point. w The German morale suddenly col- h lapsed, and on October 4, Ludendorff, ^ the commander in chief, asked his gov- c ernment to beg for an armistice. A It was too late, as the Allies were 3i progressing fast. Along the whole front from the Escaut to the Meuse, ti their armies were engaged in widen- b ing the gaps, creating fresh ones and precipitating the German retreat. In n Belgium a French army, a British b army and the Belgian army were oc- cupying positions in the line, thus ex- h tending the battlefield as far as the u sea, at a moment when the Germans ej were already lacking in reserves to defend the vital sectors which were mest t< threatened. k Everything gave way before this for- f( midable advance; successive lines fell h back within a few days; artillery fire ii gradually diminished and on Novem- it ber 6 the pursuit became general, a whole trains being captured in the tl Meuse valley at Hirson, in Belgium, ci everywhere. It was a real victory, a complete vie- d tory, one beyond all expectations. r< Since the commencement of the offen- p sive the Allies had taken about 400,- c< 000 prisoners and over 6,000 guns. li Victory and Capitulation. But there is something better still; something better than victory- There A is capitulation. That to, was to come, b On November 7 the German plenipo- ai ' * * j ,i nftor manv rliffi- / lenuaries auaeeucu, am. culties, in crossing the French line ex- a; tended in pursuit of the enemy; on the ft 8th they presented themselves before ri their conqueror, Marshal Foeli, and on p, November 11 they hastily signed the ir acknowledgment of the greatest defeat g, known to history. p( Strictly speaking, the armistice of tl November 11, 1918, is not an armistice; bi It has not only been a question of a s) suspension of hostilities; the German a army has been compelled to lay down ai its arms without any possibility of oi fighting again. Such is the capitula- tc tion of November 11. a The Germans have surrendered their b< guns, their aircraft, their prisoners of m war, their means of transport. They W lave surrendered their fortresses letz, Strasbourg, Cologne, Coblena, layence; they have surrendered their leet, and finally, their territory the ntire left bank of the Rhine. Morever, by abandoning three bridgeheads rhich guarantee the passage of the thine they have opened the road to heir military arsenal Essen and to heir capital. What is the capitulation of Sedan, rhere the defeated army numbered nly 80,000 men, and after which ghting was again resumed for six lonths compared to this debacle? The capitulation of November 11 is le most terrible disaster that an army as ever suffered. Such was the battle of 1918, such ?e victory won by the Allied nags. Officers should explain to their men le absolutely modern character of the nlque battle which they have won. hey should look beyond their own >ecial sphere and prove the magnlfi>nt results of tho efforts made by ich regiment In its particular zone. Our men know that they have perirmed their duty well. They have seen the enemy withdraw >fore them; they knew that they have eed their native country and redeem1 their captive brethren in Alsaceorralne. They must try to thoroughly realize le truth. They have won the greatit battle of history. Theirs is the vlcry. ROMANCE OF HELIUM. ?cret of the Wonderful Gas Obtained from ths Sun. Helium, the new incombustible balon gas, so called because it was dis>vered on the sun 30 years before It as identified on earth, vhloh promises revolutionize the science of b&lloonig, is the subject of the following )mmunicatlon to the National Geogiphic Soolety by Dr. G. Sherburne ogers: "When the United States joined the Hies, the military value or neuum as at once brought to the attention f the army and navy authorities, and vigorous campaign was begun for the reduction of helium in quantities. "The two main problems were obious; first to develop methods of exacting helium from,the natural gas; nd, to determine the geologic occurence of the gas, and so to locate adeuate supplies. ' "Late in 1917 two small experimenil plants using different methods were rected in Fort Worth, Tex., to treat ie gas of the Petrolia field, and some lonths later a third plant, using a :ill different nf thod, was erected In ie field Itself. "The helium-bearing area of Kansas far larger than any yet discovered i Texas and contains a number of elds which in the aggregate yields luch mose gas than Petrolia. The old exter field, in which the helium-bearifif gas'ttas first discovered? .la now'ex ousted, though the early difficulties i the way of burning the gas were yercome, and for years it was prouced in large volumes and used as i?L "To light a gas stove in Dexter, howler, alwayB was a difficult feat, and became a matter of pride on the irt of every good housewife to develop ie dexterity necessary to this operaon. The stove^was first filled with rumpled newspaper, which was set fire; then the gas was turned on, its ow being skillfully manipulated, un1 by the time the paper had burned lit the gas had become hot enough > take fire. "As the apparatus used in all these rocesses of extracting helium gas for alloon purposes require rather dellate adjustment and manipulation, ame time was naturally consumed in etermlnlng the most efficient working ondltions; but just prior to the armisce the first shipment of 150,000 cubic ?et of helium, compressed and stored 1 steel tanks, had been started to lurope. This was enough to fill four f the ordinary kite balloons, though tie large dirigibles require one to two lillion or more cubic feet of gas. "Although quanitlty production of ellum was achieved just too late to be f value in the actual hostilities, It -as in itself a great accomplishment, ar the world's total output of helium p to 1915 was probably less than 100 ubic feet, the market value of which ras about $1,700 a cubic foot. Our elium can be produced by the first wo methods at less tlthn 10 cents a ubic foot, and if the third process fulfils expectations, this figure will be fill further reduced.. "The details of fne process of ex acting helium are highly technical, ut the general scheme is easily undertood. All of the main constituents of atural gas, including the nitrogen, ecome liquefied when cooled to about -328 degrees, Fahrenheit; but the elium remains a gas at this exceedigly low temperature and is thus isily separated "The principle by which these low *mperatures are attained is one nown to every motorist who is un jriunaic ciiuuku i" im?c w u?, is own tires. When air is compressed 1 a tire it becomes hot; if the tire i allowed to cool to ordinary temperture and the valve is then opened and ie air allowed to escape, it becomes ool. "Similarly, the natural gas is put uner a very high pressure, and then ffrigerated, and when allowed to exand it becomes so cold that all of its onstituents except helium become quid." Goats. Ever since the average incrican can remember, a goat has een regarded as an object of humor, ad the efforts of agricultural experts > induce serious interest in a worthy nimal are regarded with merriment, 'evertheless it is said that goatlising is increasing, and that the goat opulation will make a good showing 1 the next United States census. A aat market is reported to be in prosed at Kansas City, and report has it lat very soon 3,000 goats a day will e coming there from the southwestern :ates. Practically considered, there is great deal of land in the mountains nd semi-arid parts of the country, therwise valueless but well adapted > the support of goats; and perhaps much more important beginning has een made than the average Amerltan imagines. Christian Science [onitor. I GARNERED WITH SCISSORS News From Within and Without the County. CONDENSED FOR Q6ICK READING Some Items of Fact, Some of Comment and All Helping to Give an Idea of What Our Neighbors Are Saying and Doing. Rock Hill Rocord, Juno 23: Miles Wood, of Lancaster, has been appointed by Judge Ernest Moore as stenographer of the Sixth Judicial circuit, to succeed T. Haaell Thomas, who has resigned, Mr. Thomas's resignation takes effect July 1 J. Wilson Moore manager of the Insurance department of the First Trust and Savings bank, who went into the insurance business a little more than a year ago, has just received official notice from W. J. Roddey and Co., local managers for the Equitable Life Insurance society, that he has qualified for the Southern Century CIpb, having written in volume 1137,000 of life Insurance during the club year from July 1, 1918 to June 8f, 1919. On account of this splendid record, Mr. Moore receives a trip to the agency club meeting which will be held in New York t.iis year the last w<>ek in August A. J. Thompson, a well-known merchant of this city, who had conducted a store near the Highland Park mill for a number of years, died very suddenly Friday morning. Mr. Thompson was 82 years of age. He is survived by his wife, who was Miss Maggie Fanchen of Augusta, Qa., and five children: E. W. Thompson of Chester, Pa., Mrs. Lillian Jones of Darlington, S. C., B. F. Thompson of Des Moines, Iowa, Mrs. Rosalie Downs of Charlotte and Miss Sophie Thompson of this city; also one sister Mrs. Rosa Brown of Charlotte. The opening of the Victoria Pool for ladies only between the houro of and 8 p. m. last Friday was such a success that V IT n A A^^i A~.A 1>A .n tiic x. iu. v*. xx. uuo ucciucu tu iicgy this period open for the ladles every Friday during July and throughout the season if enough ubc it Among the South Carolina soldiers on the trace- ~ port Roanoke which docked at Charleston yesterday morning were Chas. A. Strait, Wm, E. Oaekln and Guy Hendricks Sturgla of Rock Hill. Also, Bayn^rd B. Wallace of Tork, and Baxter E. Wright of Fort Mill Miss Anna Roddey Miller left Saturday far Charleston to attend the marriage of her friend, Miss Annie Mitchell. Miss Mitchell is the daughter of the rector of St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Charleston, and has a number at friends in this city. Chester Reporter, June 23: The trustees of Fort Lawn shoo! district Messrs. D. Ferguson, M. W. Roddey, and T. L.. McFadden have, resigned. It will be remembered that a proceeding was brought by certain citizens of * Fort Lawq before the county board of education, asking that the trustees be removed. The county board, however, ruled that sufficient evidence had not been produced to warrant such action, and the hearing was, therefore, a victory for the trustees. They have probably decided, however, that the educational interests of their community will not be advanced by a squabble, and* stepped down The first cotton bloom to be brought to this office from a Chester county farm came from the plantation of Mr. J. H. McConnell, of Cornwell, R. F. D. 1, and was pulled Saturday Misses Lillian Cornwell, Janet Bigham, and Elizabeth Lindsay left this morning for Charlottesville, Va., to attend the University of Vir glnia summer scnooi unester county's honor flag for going over the top in the Victory Loan drive arrived several days ago, and is at the Chamber of Commerce Mr, and Mrs. W. J. Lesslie, of Catawba Junction, accompanied by their daughter, Miss Mary Lesslie, of the A. R P. mission in India, were week-end guests of their daughter, Mrs. Press McWatters, on Loomis street A visitor in the Chamber of Commerce rooms the other day stated that he has traveled all over the State, and he finds that the Chamber of Commerce in Chester is . used by the people generally here more than anywhere else. It is the desire of the chamber to be of service at all times, and everyone is invited to make use of the facilities provided to the fullest extent Contributions in Chester county for the Jewish War Sufferers' relief have amounted to $1,79-1.83. This amount has been forwarded to the central committee for South Carolina at Columbia. Miss . Emelyn Craig left last week for New York where she will take courses of study at Dr. White's Bible school and Columbia University. Chester News, June 24: Reports coming Into Chester would indicate that the lalns of Sunday, yesterday and today are genera) throughout the county. Practically every section was badly in need of the rain, especially for corn and the gardens. Cotton does not seem to have suffered any for the lack of rain during the past few weeks. A meeting of the various Ward committees who were recently appointed to secure signatures to the petitions . asking for an election In Chester to decide whether or not bonds should be issued for street and water works improvements, was held in the Chamber of Commerce this morning at which time details in connection with the isrue were gone into and explained and the committeemen arranged days on which they would handle the petition for signatures. It Is the general opinion that very little trouble will be experienced in. securing the signatures calling for the election once the people become familiar with the manner in which the bonds are to be floated and the money expended Sunday afternoon a Presbyterian church was organized at Cornwell by the commission recently appointed by Bethel Presbytery for that purpose. Thirty* one members were enrolled. The following officers were elected: Elders: W. C. Cunningham, and T. O. McKeown. Deacons: Melton Boyd and J. T. Boyd. The congregation Will consider the erection of a church and the calling of a pastor in the near future. Secretary Daniels said Tuesday that more than 600 men are being daily discharged from tho United States navy. . r"ib',' J