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i gKMl-WKKKL^ l. m. grists sons, pubikbor,. | % Tamils S?ra?a|)tit: 4<ir % grnmofinn of th? folitiipt, f^ial, Sjr^altnpt and Communal Jntereats of fti< ! TER"^fj0oP,Et1RviNc^ANCE 9 J _ ' * ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK, S. C., FRIDAY, JUNE 13, 1919. NO. 47 1 1 g i ^^^ PEACE PACT PUBLIC . c Senate Takes Remarkable and Un-1 usual Action. f! WILL NO LONGER STAND RESTRAINT The President Having Refused to Fur- c nish a Copy of the Treaty the Copy ^ Furnished by a Newspaper Man is (| Accepted and Published in the Rec- 'a ord. ? Out of a whirlwind of developments, e< the senate on Monday got a copy of the peace treaty and after a flve-hour fight 'r ordered it printed in the public record. ^ At the same jtiae it got under way the investigation of how copies have n reached private hands in New York by } ' summoning to testify a half dozen of ^ the country's leading financiers. ' The copy which went into the rec- ^ ord was brought to this country by a p newspaper man and was presented by Senator Borah, Republican, e| Idaho, Just after the reading of a cablegram from President Wilson saying he could S( not without breaking faith send to the senate the text of the treaty. The effect of the day's history-makrtMvoinnmftntJi was to clear the air I on the much debated subject of pubhg^jj lty for the treaty text, to which breach between the president and fU j, senate majority and to forecast a sensational turn for the inquiry into the 1{i manner by which copies of the docu- t( ment have become available to unau- ai thorized persons. n Starting its investigation with an ^ unexpected vigor, the foreign relations e] committee within half an hour after it convened, voted to call before it J. P- jr Morgan, H. P. Davison and Thomas W. a Lamont, all of the Morgan banking v house; Jacob Schiff of Kuhn, Loeb and a Company, and Paul Warburg, former- s, ly connected with the same concern, 8I and Frank A. Vanderlip, former presi- tl dent of the National City Bank. It h then examined Frank L. Polk, acting secretary of state, about the official copies in the state department vaults. 01 Will Not Give Names t< Statements were also made to the g; committee by Senator Lodge, Republi- w can, of Massachusetts, and Seaator c< Borah similar to the declarations in F the senate that they knew of copies in s< New York, but could not divulge the names of their informants. . si When the senate met it listened in rr silence to President Wilson's cable- tl gram, which was taken as forecasting P a refusal to comply with the request a for the treaty text embodied in a res- t< olutlon adopted Friday. The reading v of this message concluded, Senator Bo-, P rah Immediately presented his copy of the treaty which was ordered printed ?* by a vote of 47 to 24. ir Later, however, there was a motion Vl to reconsider, and a parliamentary t( tangle developed which endangered P publication of the treaty. To circum- a vent such a possibility , the Idaho sen- n ator in the late afternoon began reading the hundred thousand word docu- P Vncnt and continued for an hour despite many protests from the president's w supporters. t( Then the effort to prevent publics- ?' tion collapsed, the motion to reconsid- 01 er was voted down and the light which " had developed many bitter charges of broken faith and in some respects had written a new chapter in senate his- c* tory, was over. p Series of Surprises The first of the day's series of sur- r prises came when the foreign relations " committee, whose meetings in years w past have been surrounded by the closest secrecy, threw open its doors to the public- It developed then that in- , stead of pursuing the usual method of onnAlnfinff a unhnnmmittoo tn ITlfl UP the inquiry, the full body proposed to ^ participate and to begin forthwith. ^ Senator Borah was called on first to amplify his statement in the senate about treaty copies in N'ew York. He h said that early in March he became (J convinced the international bankers of New York were particularly interested in the creation of the league of nations tj t and that he quietly began an investiga- Q tion. * _ a "1 ascertained," he told the commit- y tee, "that practically all the interna- ^ tional bankers were deeply interested t] in the league and were assisting in pro- p moting its adoption by this country. I became convinced, too, that these gen- p tlemen were interested in promotion of the league of nations for private reasons." Under questioning, the Idaho sena- ^ tor added he had obtained this infora mation, together with the knowledge ^ that a copy of the treaty was in New ViirLr frnrr. snnrres which he could not '"" J< reveal. He then suggested the calling ^ of Messrs. Morgan, Davison, Lamont, ? Warburg and Schiff, saying he con- ^ nected them with the existence of the e treaty copies in New York 'by a combination of circumstances only.' Call for Mr. Vanderlip. e The name of Mr. Vanderlip was added to the list on suggestion of Senator " Williams, Democrat, of Mississippi, and the subpoenas were ordered e unanimously on the motion of Senator v Hitchcock of Nebraska, senior Democrat of the committee, who introduced the resolution authorizing the inquiry. On motion of Senator Fall. Republi- r .can, of New Mexico, the committee by unanimous vote also invited Mr. F'olk .to appear before it. Senator Lodge next made a state- ** ment saying that he. too, had derived r his information about treaty copies 0 from sources he could not reveal. He * had been shown the document by a -friend, he said, and had never heard 1 .of the treaty being in the hands r of financial interests." He continued c that he had made no inquiry as to how s his friend had obtained it. ^ Acting Secretary Polk, hastening to c the capitol as soon as he heard of the 8 committee's invitation, arrived just l>efore Mr. Lodge had completed his statement. In response to questions Mr. Polk told the committee he had received at various times about 30 copies of the treaty the first one about May 19 by special courier, then ten more in the same manner, and then a package of additional copies in the state department mail. Exactly how many copies this package contained, he could not tell, he said, as the seals had never been broken. "All these were placed in my safe nd held subject to further orders," ontinued the secretary, adding that hey had been examined by himself nd his secretary. Asked whether there was any posibility that copies had been obtained rom the state department, he replied: "Positively no chance, whatever." Cab!* From President. Senator Hitchcock presented to the ommittee the cablegram, from Presient Wilson in which the latter comlended the Nebraska senator for inoducing the investigation resolution, nd expressed a hope that the inquiry ould "be most thoroughly prosecuti." The message dated June 7, did ot refer to the senate' resolution askig for the treaty and at the White iouse Secretary Tumulty said he lought it probable this request had ot reached Mr. Wilson when he caled. When the committee adjourned the ate of the next meeting was left to J Viairmnn i^kdee who said tonight that] icre would be no session tomorrow, nd possibly not until Thursday. The ibpoenas ordered must be served perjnally in New York, he said, and the Dmmittee probably would not reasonable until some of the financiers ailed were ready to testify. One of those subpoenaed, Mr. DaviDn, was mentioned during the session >day in quoting some newspapers as messenger who brought to this buntry the copies of the treaty for the Etpanese embassy here. Mr. Polk took occasion to deny this itter at the state department, saying le copies mentioned were brought cross by a Captain Fitzslmmons, a ?gular government courier, and were elivered to the Japanese consul genral in New York. The committee adjourned its meetlg only a few minutes before the sente assembled at noon and President Hlson's cablegram brought in by Sentor Hitchcock at once brought up the abject in the senate chamber. tvo Doner had the message been read into te record than Senator Borah was on is feet. < Holds Copy in Hand. "I now have in my possession a copy f the treaty." said he. "I am permit-J +V?io miKlin Kv t Virtco tvhn U IV lliai\C 11UO puvnv "J fcitvwv ? ? ave It to me. This particular copy as brought to this country by a staff orrespondent of the Chicago Tribune, razier Hunt. I ask unanimous con;nt that it be printed in The Record. The request electrified the chamber, snators on both sides sensing a clilax to the fight over publication of te treaty. The president's supporters romptly refused unanimous consent nd Mr. Borah then made his motion > print it. That quickly was put to a ote and the document was ordered rinted, 47 to 24. As soon as the roll call was over, lany senators were on their feet askig an opportunity to explain their ote and the speech making proceeded > resolve itself into a debate on the ropriety of making the treaty public nd on the merits of the league of atlons. " Senator Hitchcock denounced the rocedure as beneath the dignity of le senate and as a step "cooperating ith the German government." Sena)r Swanson of Virginia, another Demcratic member of the foreign relations ommittee, declared it showed a most ?markable disrespect of the president. Senator Johnson replied that the onr infamy in the matter was in "eneavoring to keep secret from all the eople what Wall street has," and Sentor Poindexter, Republican, of Washlgton, asserting that the senators ob?cting most strenuously were those 'ho were the slowest to support active ar measures against Germany. Marshall Pours Oil. So heated did the exchange become at Vice President Marshal called a alt while he read the rules governing mguage to be used in debate, and said e was going to exercise his authority ' necessary to prevent a "row-" Ater more than an hour Senator eckham, Democrat, of Kcntuck, said e had voted for the Borah motion uner a misapprehension and move to reonsider the action by which the treaty ras oraerea prinieu. a recunsiuvru.lon vote was provident, by the arrival f 2 o'clock, when the wire repeal bill a.me automatically before the senate. Vlth the consideration motion pending : would have been Impossible to print fie treaty in today's record and the resident's supporters utilized the oportunity to endeavor to have a vote ostponed until tomorrow. Senator Hitchcock, who had the oor, yielded to Senator Williams, who poke fofc an hour and a half in ,-hat opposition leaders charged was filibuster. He declared Senators <odge and Borah were "nagging" the resident by means of "partisan maority" aided by a few men on this side ;ho are seeking election. Senator Borah, Mr. Williams coninued, "had become a Prussian Junk r" at heart, believing in sovereignty nlimited. "The senator from Idaho," he shoutd, "wants no limitation put on our ational government. He wants the Jnited States free to do what it pleass. That's all the German emperor wanted. That's all Nero wanted." Borah Begins to Read. Shortly before 4 o'clock Senator Villiams concluded and Senator Boah, obtaining the floor, remarked that he authenticity of his treaty copy had ieen questioned and that he would trove it by reading the document .'hereupon he began leisurely with the reamble of the big volume, reading if which probably would have taken 5-15. Immediately parliamentary objeeions, coupled with a new storm of delunciation for the Idaho senator's :ourse, came from the Democratic ide. The presidents' supporters obected that Mr. Borah was reading a onfldential document against the sentie's rules, that he was breaking both trecedents and rules by presenting a reaty at an open session and that he vas exceeding his right by speaking oo often on the same subject during he same debateBut all these efforts to cut off the ending failed and for an hour Mr. Bo ah, standing at his desk near the cener of the chamber, read through the lumbersome preamble and into the Irst section of the treaty. the already published covenant of the league of intions. Much of the time he was reading to an almost empty senate chamber. At last, however, conferences amon# tho leaders brought a compromise by which unanimous consent was given to interrupt the reading, and vote on the reconsideration motion. It promptly was rejected, 42 to 24, opening the way to rush the treaty off to the public printer to be put into type. The victory for those who have asked publicity for the treaty had an echo at the other end of the capitol, where a member announced in the house amid a storm of Republican applause that the treaty would be printed in toI morrow's Record. In the senate, how ever, the final scene of the dramatic struggle had none of the outward air of a sensation, and before the final roll call was finished most of the members were on their way away from the chamber. EDITOR OF STARS AND STRIPES. One of the Truly Great Editors Developed by the War. He was only a private receiving thirtythree dollars a mortth, but his influence was greater than that of most of the generals. For he was the managing editor of Stars and Stripes, the A. E. F. newspaper, one of the most widely read journals in the world. His name is Harold W. Ross, he is twenty-seven years old, and befon^ftk landed in the army he was a re^Hj|( newspaper reporter who had worWil I at his calling in many cities in his native land. He didn't have a college education, but as editor it was not only a part of his duty to dash off editorials, but also to consign to the waste-basket hundreds of manuscript? painfully composed of colonels ann other persons of high rank and brilliance. When the subject was broached to him he suggested that, knowing i what the boys were going through out on the fighting-line, the idea of an ; elevation in rank for himself did not appeal to him. As a matter of fact, right after he reached France he was sent to an officers' training school, hut, according to Sergeant Alexander Woollcott, who writes a brief sketch of Ross in the New York Tribune: , He escaped from there wildly, and, , smelling printers' ink from afar, showed up at the office of the then hatching A. E. F. newspaper, which was destined within a year to reach a circulation of a million. Later, when he was asked if he could do his work more advantageously with a commission, he replied that, personally, even a corporal's chevrons would embarrass him painfully, and as for prinking up*Ka Sam Browne belt, he believed thaC w^le the doughboys were plowing ahead through muck and wire and gas and hell generally, no decent man could feel <f>mfortable who drew a desk job and ^commission at the same time, a tactless reply which, by the way, rather dlscooaerted some of those present. Ross later became exceedingly thorny when he unearthed a plot to pin a decoration on , him. I remember encountering him one morning, sitting tired, dusty, and dis- ! consolate on the side of the road along , which the wounded men of the 2d di- , vision were . being carried out from Belleau Woods. I thought It was cooties troubling him, but found that It was conscience. My Inquiries on the subject provoked a flood of expert ( profanity. ," he groaned, "at home I was , always a non-producer, and here on a battle-field I'm a ndn-combatant." Ross was occasionally embarrassed , by being referred to as the father of The Stars and Stripes war-orphans. His innocent connection with that bouncing young family of more than three thousand French kids, was, however, only that of founded, director, and propagandist of the fund, to which all ranks of the A. E. F. contributed, within less than a year, more than 2,000,000 francs, a sum of which tided many a French family over a bitter period. Companies took them for mascots, regiments adopted them by the dozen. General Pershing fathered two, and there was many a dough-boy that shelled out all his wad depositing it with the company clerk to forward just before he shouldered his gun to go forward over the top. It seems certain that one man in the A. E. F. had a greater influence on its thought and spirit, and that is why certain biographical data are worth recording for future historians. Harold Wallace Ross, then, worked on newspapers all the way from Hoboken to San Francisco, including such way-stations as Atlanta, New Orleans, Paris, and Salt Lake' City. It is not true, as alleged, that he worked on seventy-eight different American journals, but it is true that, before the war, he was one of those itinerant reporters a type that -is passing who, if he stayed with one city editor more than three months at a time, felt that he was getting into a rut. He was born in Aspen, Col. Not even an O. D. issue uniform could prevent his looking like a Bolshevik. He pronounces "annihilated" as if it were annie-a-layted. His French was by all odds the worst in the American Expeditionary Forces. After eighteen months in France, it is true, he had acquired a vocabulary of seven distinct French words, but, unfortunately, only four of these were easily recognized by the natives when he spoke them. He never went to college and vaguely distrusts all who did. He regards as illiterate all people who are not familiar with every line ever written by Herbert Spencer. The men who worked with him on The Stars and Stripes considered him the salt of the earth. He wears i\o. 11 snoes. Distribution of 4,000 German cannon and 20,000 machine guns captured by the American army will be left to the Governors and Legislatures of the States under a plan approved by the House Military Committee. Requests have been received for many times the number of guns available, and members of the conjmittee decided it would be best to distribute the trophies among the States and let them decide to which communities they shall be given. % I'ncle Eben. "goes flshin' not so much foh de sake of de fish as foh de chanse to loaf without bein' noticed." Washington Star. ? SEIINOLES OF FLORIDA Aborigines Live as Law Unto Themselves. FAIR TREATMENT FROM GOVERNMENT Something About a Race of Brave | o - 1A: A- i : people w no ouiuihub iu lkc npm > and Make Their Own Way Along In- J dependent Linea. Frederick J. Haskin. Washington, June 8. After killing, robbing and betraying the Florida Seminoles consistently for about a century, the American people, as represented by congress and the bureau of Indian afTairs, now propose to educate, civilize and convert them. To this proposition the Seminoles reply in effect: "No thank you. We don't want any of your brand of civilization. Besides, all white men are liars. You have always lied to us before. Why shOl^Lwe believe in your protestations thtatjine?" Th<> stnrv of the Florida Seminoles lias come out in connection with the present effort of the government to help them. It reveals the fact that this tribe of 600 Indians is an unconquered race, living on its own lands, worshipping its own god, making its own laws, Acknowledging no authority, and asking nothing of any one except "the glorious privilege of being independent." The very name, Seminole, means revolutionist or renegade, and was given these Indians early in the 18th century when they declared themselves independent of the powerful Creek confederacy. About 100 years ago they clashed with white settlers in Florida and General Andrew Jackson went after them- There followed a little later the Seminole war, which was the bloodiest, most expensive and longest Indian war ever fought by the United States government. It was a war of extermination. The Indians were hunted liko wild beasts. This war also brought out one of the greatest of Indian leaders in the person of Osceola, chief of the Seminoles. Osceola is tha George Washington of the Seminoles. His memory is still revered and his words repeated by them. His guiding principle in life was never to trust a white man, because all white men are liars, and this is the maxim of the Florida Semlnoles in their attitude toward the government today. The Seminole war ended in a treaty which was signed by a few Indians, claiming to represent the whole tribe. The Indians say that these chiefs did not represent the tribe and had no authority to sign a treaty. The signing of the treaty was not witnessed and it is claimed that the Indians who made it were first gotten drunk by the whites. The treaty provided that the Semlnoles should be taken out of Florida and removed to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma. All of them who could be caught were removed, In a brutal way, which increased their hatred for the whites. A remnant of the tribe retired to the depths of the Everglades, where no one could find them. They never surrendered to the United States and' never accepted the treaty. The descendants of these are the Florida seminoles of today. In some way, which no one seems to fully understand, these Indians acquired title to about 26,000 acres of land, near the Everglades. A large part or this was swamp, but it contained "hammocks" of fertile land, where the Indians could raise small crops of vegetables. If they took up better lands, some white man always came along, as soon as the land was cleared, and took it away from the Indians. Thus they were gradually forced back to the one little tract of wilderness which was acknowledged to be theirs, largely because no one else wanted it. They live chiefly by hunting and flahing. Catching alligators for their hides has long been their most remunerative occupation. For a time they hunted the snowy egret and other birds for their plumes, but now the laws of Florida prohibit this. Game is getting steadily scarcer, and the Seminole's ? ???/\V\l/v*v? siP 1 iV*o r>/3 or? TJn V* a a nn nor. pi VU1CII1 Wl 111V liai UVI AAV AtUO 11V J/v? manent home, but builds his camp on one of the hammocks. His house is a thatch roof supported on poles, having no walls, but a wooden floor. His dress is scanty but highly individualistic. The Semlnoles are the most picturesque of Indians. As a relic of preColumbian America, the tribe is worth vastly more in its present primitive state than its members will ever be worth as (citizens. Several years ago an agitation was started in Florida to help out the Seminoles. It resulted in the state of Florida making them a present of 100,000 acres of land. The state deserves and has been given great credit for its generosity. Some critics, however, have pointed out that nearly all of this land is under six feet of water. About the same time some congressmen went down and looked at the Seminoles. They were shocked into appropriating $10,000 for the education and general "uplift" of the Indians- This appropriation was repeated for several years. This year $20,000 is asked. In connection with this proposed appropriation of $20,000 quite a debate over the Seminoles broke out in congress. Some of the congressmen didn't want to appropriate the money on the ground that what had already been appropriated had not been spent. This led the writer to Cato Sells, commissioner of Indian affairs, who had charge of the appropriation. He admitted that very little of the money had been spent, and that very little has been done for the Seminoles. The reason is that the Seminoles do not want anything done for them. They do not care to be civilized, or to learn the Christian religion. They have but one article of faith: "All white men are liars." Mr. Sells opened schools for them; they wouldn't go. He tried to teach them farming and to make a health survey of the tribe. All of his efforts have been met with evasion. Before he can do anything for these Indians, he must overcome the effects of a .century in which the whites have murdered and robbed them. It was in connection with the murder of an Indian that the bureau took its first step a few years ago, toward gaining the confidence of the Seminoles. One of these Indians was on his way 1 to town with $300 worth of alligator hides, when he was murdered and < robbed by a white man named Ashley, i As the local authorities did not seem < zealous in pursuing Ashley, Commls- 1 sioner Sells sent a Federal officer after 1 him- After a dramatic hunt through ! the Everglades, Ashley was caught and < turned over to the authorities for trial, 1 and the government man went home. 1 During his trial Ashley mysteriously escaped. The government man was sent back, and after another long hunt again caught Ashley, who was finally ' convicted. This incident convinced at least some of the Indians that the United States government has a sense ( A# hinttaA f Wi JUOIIVC. | A couple of years ago Mr. Sells sent to. Florida a Shawee Indian named Frank E. Brandon, to act as a sort of wanderling supervisor of the Indians. His real work is to win their confidence. To do this he has traveled all over the Seminole territory with an ox ^e&m and a couple of Indian guides, talking to the people, and trying to explain what the government wants to do for them. Until their confidence is won, and they are willing to cooperate, it is useless, Mr. Sells explains, to expend the appropriations which have been made for them. There is no use in building schools when the Indians shun thlm as works of the devil. The commissioner's plan is to fence the tract of 26,000 acres, which is the only good land the Indians possess, to stock It with cattle. The Indians will be taught to be herdsmen and the cattle will ultimately be divided ampng them. Their education will come after they have been provided with the means of making a living. The debate in congress over the Seminole8 brought out the curious fact that a number of the congressmen had visited these Indiana Some went as members of a commission for that purpose, but others went merely out of cariosity while spending winter holidays in Florida. All of them were shocked at the uncivilized looks of the Indians, and were filled with a mighty zeal to help them. "When we entered into any treaty with them," said Congressman Emer- ' son, "it was like entering into a treaty . with a lot of alligators down there . . . . They ere the most ignorant class of peopie I ever saw . . They were all bare- f footed . . The women wear 40 or 60 rows of beads around their necks the most peculiar things I ever saw in . my life. Those strings of beads look ? like a great muffler such as a farmer j up In New England might wear in the j dead of winter. Forty or 50 or 75 rows t of beads are worn, and one row Is sup- { posed to be worn for each year of their r age." ^ The beads were apparently too much ? for Mr. Emerson. I "Jitter looking at them I decided not ^ to visit them in their camp," he con- j eluded dftLmatically- "I thought I r would go back to Miami, where I was staying." t In his own opinion, t ^e Seminole is ( not nearly so unfortunate as he ap- H peared to Congressman Emerson. He r lives a free life, such as he is accus- < tomed to. He has enough to eat, and t all that he cor aiders necessary in ine r way of clothes. These Indians are r fairly healthy. < Mr. Emerson thinks the Semlnoles are on a par with the alligators as r treaty makers, but the Semlnoles have f found the alligators far more reliable than the white men. THIRTEENTH CENSUS ( Preparations Now Making for National Stock Taking. t Uncle Sam Is rapidly getting ready to e "take stock." To put it more clearly i preparations are well along for the \ 14th decennial census, to be taken in c 1920. t Tho last congress granted an ap- li propriation for the work, and a t force of several hundred clerks Is busy r in the oensus bureau making the neces- d sary preparations for the huge task, s which must be accomplished li. 6. few 1 weeks. I For this immense job, the bureau's regular force of about 400 employees t will be expanded to 85,000 or more. J The appropriation which congress has o made for the work is $20,500,000. * This amount covers also the ordinary d expenses of the bureau during 1919- J The census will include not only enumeration of the population of the c United States, continei.tal and insular, C but also a canvass of the agricultural a manufacturing, mining and quarry, oil 1 and gas and other interests for all the c states as well as for the District of J Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, n Guam, and the Canal Zone. a For the purpose of the enumera- a tlon, the country has been divided into 378 supervisory districts, with a superlor for each, to whom about 85,000 n enumerators will report. '' The actual enumeration will be com- ^ pleted in a few weeks, although it will 8 -- 1*- . <ii y be several montns Deiore reauua ?... begin to be known. Nevertheless, the figures will be available much earlier for the 1920 census than was the case C in 1910, because this time the census C will be as of Jajiu^ry 1, instead of n April 16, as to 1910. The change was S made because It la believed the agrl- s cultural censuj will be more reliable s on tlio earlier date. '' Chief interest in the census, of r course, will be in the population, but s a great many interests require much more detailed information, such as n the ratio of males and females, dls- 3 tributlon, aesr-v of Illiteracy, propor- 0 tion of whites and blacks, proportion * of foreign born to native population c and many other facts that can be 0 learned only through Uncle Sam's de- r cennial "stock taking." Th.. 1920 census is certain to bring out many * changes, for the past lecade has been 1 one of wonderful growth and develop- | ment. Next to population, the grea 'at intciest will be in the cenevs of agri|culture. This will show the number . [of acreage of farms in the country and , in eac;: st .te and cour.ly; the ni mber . of acres of improved land; value of i farms and the stocks of machinery; number of kind of live stock, and practically every detail of information ? relating to agriculture. i The census of manufactures is taken J even' five yea*:. unlike the other in- , quiries. This will bo of unusual Interest this time because the last census was taken in 1914, whrn tho world was at peace. Sinco then the greatest war In history hns been fought and America has accomplished an Industrial expansion that is unparalleled. Tl.ls censrs, therefore, covering the calendar year 1919, will present a statistical portrayal of the transition af American industries from peace to war and from war back to a peace sosis. REVISING SNAKE LORE. I Mlanta Man Swears "Coachwhip" Chased Him and Lassoed Him. Some folks say a coachwhip won't :hase folks and tie you to a pine tree ind whip the everlasting daylight out >f you. They scandalize this ancient radition as unscientific, and besides he facts and the evidence. The defense :ow calls to the stand one G. W. Rob>ins, whose initials may or may not itand for George Washington, and who light watches at the Dowinan-Dozier >lant in Atlanta by night. Mr. Robbins, being duly certified, leposes and says that the blamed oachwhip went as far as possible?he :hased Mr. Robbins three times around lis own garden, to begin with, and vhen Mr.^ Robbins finally turned and 1 rave battle he (the coachwhip) lassoed lim, and the ensuing wrestling match 1 imply ruined a large part of an acre >f excellent radishes and some fine 1 'oung onions. Mr. Robbins says he was out In the ' rarden Monday afternoon pulling some 1 n dishes when he discovered a six-foot ' oachwhip snake watching him bale- 1 ully. Mindful of the tradition, and lespite the absence of pine trees, Mr. ' bobbins turned and fled, the coachvhip after him. Round and round the 1 garden patch fled Mr. Robblns, and 1 he coachwhip still pursued him. The chase ended near the barn, where dr. Robbins was forced to pause for 1 ireath. Whether the coachwhip was ' hy of wind also does not appear, but le started crawling under the barn to ' hink it over, Mr. Robbins, encouraged by this maleuver and angered at the damage i ilready wrought among his garden- 1 tass, grasped the snake by his delicate- i y tapering tail and dragged him, kick- i ng furiously from beneath the barn, nstantly the coachwhip changed his < actics and looped himself about Mr. < tobbina' neck. i Business picked up at once, and the varm spring atmosphere was shattered i >y rude exclamations of the roughmd-ready variety. The coachwhip i iad a combination grapevine and headlold on Mr. Robbins, who was striving o achieve the deadly toe-hold made 'amous by the late Mr. Gotch. The adish bed was used as a mat, and the rrapple was vast and furious. It Is ilways a difficult matter to put a toeon n laree and scientific snake. >ut Mr. Robblns was battling: for his ife and a few remaining radishes ind he got the hold. The first thing Mr. Robblns did was :o unwrap the snake from about his roozle. The next thing he did was not trictly In accord with the wrestling egulatlons. Instead of pinning the :oachwhip's shoulders to the radish ted, Robbins deliberately and with nalice aforethought popped his eneny's skull vindictively against the side >f the barrv The battle ended here. The snake neasured two inches over two yards rom tip to tip. Knoxvllle Sentinel. NUR JAHAN'S REPARTEE. Sifted Empress of Agra's Court Apt j With Poetical Thoughts. \ Nur Jahan, Light of the World, in . tecoming empress had free scope to stablish her real remarkable indlvidlality as a great statesman, a brave , varrlor, a noble ruler, and a most . harming poetess. Her combined at- | Tactions of person and high intellect iqve left vivid records. Her crea- , ive faculties produced new develop- . nenta in beautiful flowing costumes, of , lellcate designs and artistic workman- ( hip, and In the setting of Jewels, the j nvention of perfumes and many other ( uxuries of living. , Nur Jahan's name was associated on , he coin with that of the Emperor j ahangir, in his graceful couplet: "By j rder of the Emperor Jahangir, the , alue of this coin is increased a hun- . Iredfold by the name of the Emprese , ahan." . There are many instances of her lever and witty literary repartees. )ne dav Nur Jahan and Jahangir saw . . child playing: witfc a ball of flowers, 'he emperor tried in vain to catch the hild's attention, and remarked to Nur ahan. "The youthful sweetheart does ot turn toward us." To which she ptly replied. "While the flower is still bud it does not shed its perfume." On another occasion Jahanglr, see- , ng an old man with a bent back, relarked, "Why do the world experfnced old men walk with bent backs?" lur Jahan answered, "They are earchlng under the dust for their lost . outh." Monument to Senator Tillman. The y hven Marble and Granite Company of ^ Jreenwood has Just completed the , nonument over the gTave of the late , lenator Benjamin Ryan Tillman. The haft, a splendid piece of workmanhip, is of Winnsboro granite and it * s perhaps the largest private monunent in the state. The following incriptions are on the monument: (Front face): Benjamin Ryan Till lan, born August 11, 1847 died July , 1918. Patriot, statesman: Governor 1 f South Carolina 1890-1894. Unitid 1 ?tates senator. In the world-wide war hairman. Senate committee on naval iffairs. A life of service and achieve- ( nent. . ( (Left face): Loving them he was 1 ne inena ana reaaer or tne common reople. Ho taught them their political rower r.nd made possible the educa- 1 Ion of their sons and daughters. Clemson Agricultural College, Winhrop Normal and Industrial College. ' (Right face): In the home: Loving, ' oyal. To the senate: Steadfast, true. ' '"or the nation: "The country belongs o us all and we all belorwj to it- The nen of the north, south, east and west :arved it out of the wildern :so and aade it great. Let us share it with ?ach other then, and conserve it, giving t the best that is in us of brain, and jrawn and heart." (This quotation is rrom one of Senator Tillman's last speeches in the senate). RECLAIMING JERUSALEM First Task Is to Establish Law and Order. INHABITANTS GENERALLY AT ODDS Under the New Control the Archaeologists of the Christian World May Have an Opportunity to Make Investigations that Have Been Denied Throughout All the Past. A work has been undertaken in Jerusalem, freed at last from the yoke of the Turk, which in its peculiarly characteristic way epitomizes the renewal following on the cataclysm of the war which is already, both far and near, giving the promise of a fairer and better world. Jerusalem the ancient, the city of sacred traditions to Christians of the whole world, is being reclaimed from conditions, the result of long years of Turkish misrule, as well as though this must necessarily be a gradual proceaB from that spirit of sectarianism and crude nationalism, the outward and visible signs of which In the sacred city are those high stone walls, partitioning-Jerusalem into so many reservations and strongholds. Jerusalem cannot again, in the fullness of time, appear in something of her ancient splendor, nor can she be made a tit place of habitation in a new Palestine, unless Christians and Jews and Mohammadans, and the many nations which have engrafted their interests within her walls, will lonsent to dwell together 'n amity. The work, then, which has been undertr ken since General Allenby entered as victor within her ancient gates, is nec essarily and unavoidably of a twofold character. It Is regenerative and restorative, though restoration is a word which those men who are giving their time and energy to the work in Jerusalem would certainly repudiate. Jerusalem is not being "restored," it is being reclaimed. A brief visit to England by Mr. C. R. Ashbee, recently appointed civic adviser to the city of Jerusalem, gave The Christian Science Monitor the desired opportunity of obtaining some account, at first hand, of the work whioh has been undertaken in the capital of Palestine. On the morning on which a representative of The Christian Science Monitor called at his house in Chelsea, Mr. Ashbee was conferring with a master glazier and tile maker on the subject of tiles, the quantity of color and surface of the medieval Damascus and Bagdad tile,, and the possibility of a modern approximation to its perfection and durability. 0 Imitating Ancient Tiles. Tho tiles are wanted for the work which has been begun in connection with the Dome of the tljp famous Mosque of Omar, but only experimental work is to be carried out in England; the actual making of the tiles is to be the task of a school of tile making in Palestine, one of those schools which is being organized to recover and stimulate the ancient native Industries- "In the nineteenth century," said Mr. Ashbee, "the English tried, and so did the Turks and the Germans, to provide tiles which would adequately take the place of the medieval ones, but they all failed because there are certain things that cannot, be done by factory processes, and we are going back to ancient methods and the' materials which were used by the makers In Damascus, Bagdad, and Kashon. Their glaze was 20 times finer than anything we have been able to produce In modern times in Europe barring William de Morgan who knew more about it, and did better work than anyone else. Look at this sixteen century piece by comparison with that from Staffordshire they are both off the Dome of the Rock." A question as to the way in which the work in Jerusalem had been organized led Mr. Ashbee to the subject 3f the Pro-Jerusalem committee. "We )we the formation of that committee," be said, "to General Storrs, the Governor of Jerusalem. It is certainly unique of its kind. It includes representatives of all the religious bodies n Jerusalem, Armenians, Jews, Greeks, Latin Catholics, Protestants, Zionists, the Grand Mufti, the Mayor of Jerusaem, English, and Americans." All sit it a round table, with the governor in he chair, and Mr. Ernest Richmond, liroctor-general of Public Monuments, , ind Mr. Aslibee, as civic adviser, are :here as experts. Every question is >penly discussed the housing of the poor, the saving of the ancient walls, :he water supply, everything that is of rttal civic import and makes for the imenlties of the Holy City. Breaking Down Prejudices. The members of the committee also lave the task of informing their fellow citizens and coreligionists. Their busiiess, so to speak, is to break down prejudice and antagonism, to exercise in educative effect on the public opinon of Jerusalem. The committee, inleed, is laying the foundation for that cooperation and friendliness which vill make so varied a community live :ogether in unity. "To give you an initance," said Mr. Ashbee, "of how we lave to manage our difficulties. On >ne occasion there was an appalling ( ilum which we wanted to get cleared cut, but one of the ecclesiastical powers had an interest in it The slum encroached on the city walls so that its existence was an infringement on Turkish law. We brought the matter up it a committee meeting as a general principle that slums could not be al owed, and that the existing laws must 3e enforced. The resolution was passad, the ecclesiastical power in question circumvented, and the slum is not being swept away by virtue of the committee's action." Mr. Ashbee was asked about permits for excavations. "We cannot do much is yet in that direction," he replied. "A permit law for excavations based on Egyptian law is in preparation. The city offers a great field for archaeological research: every inch has its historical associations. But for the present our work lies chiefly in redeeming the city from disfigurements which noBl<w>t and vandalism have inflicted upon it. For instance, we are making ready to fill up the breach made in the old stone walls of Solymun, the Magnificent, to pnable the Kaiser to make his state entry into Jerusalem. The breach is a fairly wide one by the Jaffa gate, and the event of the state entry was commemorated by the building of a terrible clock tower, which we are hoping to pull down." / An Ugly, Sprawling Town. "How about modern buildings?" Mr. Ashbee was asked "As you know, there are two Jerusaleins," he re- , plied. "There Is the old city within the walls and the new one outside, an ugly, sprawling town. We are hoping to get it Into some sort of order. It will very muc depend on the future government of Palestine how fax our work develops. At present we are content to wait and watch as far as any building operations in the new quarter of the city are concerned. "But as to Zionism?" "I have met," he said, "with an extraordinary diversity of opinion among the Jews with regaid to our work. Many are very appreciative and have the broadest and most enlightened views on the whole subject others are Just as narrow and obscurantist and don't realize yet what we are trying to do. Then the feeling against Islam still exists, but of course Islam has enormous in- v terests in Jerusalem." "Will the antagonims die down? was asked. "Of course they will," Mr. Ashbee replied "but it is a matter of time. Let me give you an Instance. After Allenby's victory, Christians and Mohammadans for the first time in history demonstrated together under one banner but the Jews would not Join in, though many thought they made a mistake in using the occasion of a general thanksgiving for a nationalist demonstration. It was a pity." "It will interest your readers in America to know," Mr. Ashbee said aa the interview came to* a close, "that ** - * '' o nt mmhlnlne taero 10 cl eiwv iu??* v* w?..v English and American education and archaeological interests in Jerusalem, and that the scheme finds strong support with both Americans and English. Lord Curzon, Lord Ulllner, and the Archbishop of Canterbury are keen to see it realized- It would mean that schools, library, and staff would be run - > by a combination of American and English?each side putting in their share of money. The museum, too, in the Citadel would also come under the Joint management The British and Americans in Palestine are very anxious that the idea should be adopted." Mr. Ashbee had brought with hi 19 from Jerusalem a book of drawings and photographs illustrating the work which It is proposed to accomplish. A plan of the old city showed those portions which Mr. Ashbee proposes to plant with trees?the fir and the pine and the box, tho olive, fig and vine? natives of Palestine, familiar with the familiarity of <some long-learned Fsalms. One of the photagraphs waa of the Mount of Olives and another of the wonderful view of the Holy City which is to be had from the 'mount, or could be." if "it wertf "not forthose stone walls -& 15 to 20 feet high which mar it completely. These are the walls which both actually and metaphorically It is the aim of all those engaged in the renewal of Jerusalem to cast down. There are many connected with the work, from Sir Arthur Money, who as head of4he Occupied Enemy Territories administration, has control of it, to the humblest subcjrlber in America op England or among those eountless Jews the world over who look to Jerusalem as their lsng-lost and now recovered homo. WORLD'S BIGGEST AIRPLANE Grsat Bomber Designed for Use Against Berlin. There has Just been completed in England the largest airplane ever constructed. It is a triplane, and is one of the two ordered for the Royal Air force prior to the signing of tho armistice. Its object was for use in bombing Berlin, and, in addition to carrying eight guns. It was equipped to carry sixteen bombs weighing 560 pounds each, equivalent to more than four ordinary tons of explosives. Utilized for peace uses, this monster airplane could carry more than fifty persons within the fusilage, which is ten feet ia diameter, but the designers have planned another machine with a fusllage of sixteen feet diameter, capable of carrying ninety-two passengers. This huge airplane was designed by W. G. Tarrant, built by the Tarrant Aircraft Construction company, and assembled at Farnborough, Surrey, where it now is waiting its trial flights. The fusllage is seventy-six feet in length, without a single wire to obstruct the vision and a clear passageway. The three tiers of wide planes resemble, it is said, the decks of an ocean liner, the top one being thirty-seven feet above the grouna.The span of the largest plane Is 131 feet. That is the middle one, the other two being 98 feet long. They have a total surface area of 5,000 square feet. The propelling force consists of six Napier engines, developing 8,000 horse power. Of the six propellers four are two-bladed, 12 feet 6 inches diameter, tractor screws, arranged two In line between the middle and lower and middle and upper planes respectively, and the remaining couple at the back of the planes, are four-bladed propellers of 10 feet 5 kiehes diameter. The starting system is set running from the engincers's compartment. Seats for two pilots are raised well within the nose, advanced some ten or twelve feet before the planes and propellers, so they have a perfectly clear * " wxMWAOAa nonh nilAt View, p or ngMinis (junwotii, tov.i j?">" would have had a light machine gun by his side. v Immediately behind the pilots' seats is a room in which the engineer stands, with various levels for working the engines. He can take vocal starting directions, the pilots being left free to control the flying, but they, too, exercise a master control over th^ engines, and have levers by which the throttles can be separately adjusted. It is a cramped space, flanked by the main petrol tanks, and other main petrol tanks overhead. They are of ample proportions, carrying 1.600 gallons of gasoline. For very long flights, such no fnr Inatnnno rrnaainp1 tVio Atlantis* supplementary tanks can be installed. The weight of the machine with an average load is eighteen and one-half tons, suggestive of the power required from the motors to raise such a monster flying machine from the ground. In its trial flights the trlplane will carry a crew of five persons.