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' '*1 YORKVILLE ENQUIRER. ~"1 ISSUED 8KMI-WEEKLT. 21 L. M. GRIST'S SONS, Publisher ] % #mtfg Ueirsppct;: <for th< promotion of Ih? political, ?oqiat, g.gri^uIturLat and djomtnettrial Jntereata of th< foopt* ( o^ AMCE ESTABLISHED 1855 ~ YORK, 8, C, TUESDAY, APRIL 15, 1919. NO.30 " tm m 1 M ALMOST A MUTINY American Soldiers a! Archangel Do Their Own Thinking DEMAND AN IMMEDIATE WITHDRAWAL Soldiers Say That the War for Which They Were Drafted is Over, and They Object to Being Used in a Matter That Has No Proper Status in Their Estimation. Archangel, Wednesday, April 9 (By The Associated iress.; a company of American troops recently showed some hesitation in returning to the lighting front south of Archangel, declaring that the war with Germany was over and that the United States was not at war with the BolshevikL The regimental commander, in a speech, said that they were lighting a desperate defensive battle and appealed to them to stick it out. The company then left for the front. The situation arose when the company named was ordered back to the front after a rest period at Archangel. The officers were informed that the men did not want to go to the front again. They asked to have their arguments answered. The men contended that they were draft men conscripted for the war with Germany which was finished now that America was not at war with the Bolshevtki, that the entire Bolshevik question was the subject of much political debate and indecision in the United States and that so far as they were concerned they were unable to see why they should be flgnung u there was no war. The regimenal commander said that perhaps their own lives depended on the fighting on this front and then made his successful appeal relating to the men traditions of the American army. Washington April 10. The war department issued tonight an official statement cpnflrming Associated Press advice from Archangel that what amounted tso a mutiny took place among the American troops there on March 31. A company of infantry the message stated, refused to entrain for the front until personally urged to do so by Col. George E. Stewart, commanding the American contingent. Open threats were made in general from Washington insuring early withdrawal was forthcoming. The text of the paraphrase of the code message dated March 31 follows, the department having eliminated only the identification of the company and certain military information not bearing on the incident: "Yesterday morning. March 30, a company of infantry, having received orders to the railroad front, was ordered out of barracks for the purpose of packing sleds for the trip across the river to the railroad station. Refused to Obey. "Th6 non-commissioned officer who was in charge of the packing soon reported to the officers that the men refused to obey. At this some of the officers took charge and all except one man began reluctantly to pack after a considerable delay. The soldier who continued to refuse was placed in confinement. Colonel Stewart, having been sent for, arrived and had the men assembled to talk with them. "Upon the condition that the prisoner above mentioned was released, the men agreed to go. This was done and the company then proceeded to atation and entrained there for the front. That they would not go to the front line positions was openly stated by the men, however, and they would only go to Obozerekaya. They also stated that general mutiny would soon come if there was not some definite statement forthcoming from Washington with regard to the removal of American troops from Russia at the earliest possible date." The department has cabled for more information. From the message received today officers were unable to ascertain whether a condition of mutiny had in fact developed in the past ten days. Pending fuller advices, no comment was forthcoming as to the course to be pursued. Presumably, it was sara, ^uwuci Stewart already had been advised directly that It was the purpose of the supreme war council in charge of the I*>licy governing the movement, to withdraw the entire force from Northern Russia when the ice blockading the harbors goes out. The British relief expedition, originally scheduled to be 2,400 strong, has sailed as have the two companies of American railway engineers sent at the request of the British authorities to keep open the railroad south of Murmansk. To Withdraw Forces. Announcement of the purpose to withdraw the force was made officially to congressional military committee by Secretary Baker, February 17 on instructions from President Wilson. | Supplimenting that statement General March, chief of staff, said last Saturday that the American contingent would certainly be withdrawn by June. % The official report makes the incl- j dent even more serious than the original press accounts. Intimations that a general feeling of unrest pervaded tthe entire force have come previously from General Ironside, the British commander in chief. Both British and French troops have been involved according to rumor in similar incidents but American officers on the scene have felt that the morale of the American troops was too high for such an mithrenlr The dispatch today did not show to what extent Bolsheviki propagandists could be held responsible for the behavior of the troops, nor has any information reached the department tending to show the extent to which the rebellious attitude may have spread through the whole American contingent. The Three Hundred and Thirtyninth infantry of the Eighty-fifth division forms the bulk of the American contingent Archangel region. The unit Is almost wholly composed of selective sen-ice men from Michigan. It is commanded by Col. George E. Stewart of the regular army who served in some of the most northernly ' ports in Alaska and became thoroughly familiar with weather conditions such as those at Archangel, i While the action of the company at Archangel undouutedly is mutinous under any strict interpretation of the military code and would render the men liable to severe disciplinary ac- | tion under ordinary circumstances, war department officials did not believe such action would result. It was ' pointed out that the men apparently obeyed their orders subsequently when the situation had been made clear to them. Only in the event of a refusal which jeopardized the lives of other men, it was thought would any dras- 8 * * tlfv.A KA I TIC meets UI? U1 UiOUl^lUlO UO Uifvnvv>. Officers here were frankly doubtful 1 that public sentiment at home would permit any other course and many of 8 them expressed sympathy with the c feelings of the men. * OUTRAGES AT ODESSA. British Chaplin Describes a Reign of r Terror. ^ The Chronicle publishes an article c by R. Courtier Foster, a British Chap- c lain at Odessa and Russian ports of j the Black Sea, describing the religious s persecution practiced by the Bolshe- ^ viki upon their former capture of B Odessa, He says: e "Committees were held on board the 0 ships of the Black sea fleet, among the v dockers in the port, and in the towns ^ and villages on every hand, which t passed resolutions reading: 'We ab- ^ olish God.' In Odessa cathedral, when j, the archbishop of Kherson was cele- ^ brating the Holy Misteries an uproar occurred with cries of 'Down with the ? Chruch. At a fete in the town gardens f one saw a soldier of the Red army, amid g the guffaws of his fellows, spit on the ij Russian holy picture of the face of j Christ, then tear it Into fragments and g stamp it into the dust. "The Bolshevist conception of re- A ligious toleration is considerably more F elastic and far-reaching than the ideas ^ of any mediaeval inquisition. In this ^ matter the Bolshevlki pride themselves on being far in advance of our effete western thought. They have murdered Valodimir, the Metropolitan of Kiev, twenty bishops, and many hundreds of ^ priests. Before killing them they cut ^ off the limbs of their victims, some of Ci whom they buried alive in the Krems< lin. The cathedrals in Moscow and a those in the town9 of Yaroslav and 0 Simferopol have teen sacked. Many nuns were violated and the churches c< defiled. r< The ancient and historical sacristies ^ and famous libraries of Moscow and 01 Petrograd were pillaged and countless sanctuaries profaned. In Cronstadt cathedral the great figure of the CruciTT fieri Christ was tern down and removed, and a monstrous and appalling pagan form placed in its stead, symc< bolizing 'Freedom of Mind.' . "It Is not agHinst any ono particular form of religion that the terrors of p the New Freedom are hurled. Ortho- 0 dox Roman Catholics and Lutherans alike have been tortured, mutilated. s and done to death under the aegis of 0 the Holy revolution, which appeals to the proletariat of the whole world to % join its forces. "The revolutionary government is subjecting the Christian religion to persecutions as great and brutal as any- a thing the world ever saw during the first three centuries of the Christian c era. Moral disintegration and ruin p snread their tentacles on every side. 0 Any restraint on sinful impulse or covetous desire is laughed to scorn. ^ The Bolshevik! publicity encourage s outrage and looting. The propaganda 1 for freedom of the mind is essentially nihilistic. It is based on negation and denial of the existence of God, denial of s the authority of any moral law, denial of all rights of conscience, denial of e all religious liberty, denial of all free- * dom of the press, denial of any liberty 3 of speech. "One officer remarked despairingly * to me: 'In Russia now there is no God, y no Czar, no law.no property, nomon- s ey, no food only freedom.* And in that travesty of liberty which the whole civilized world may well shud- e der at. all mercy, pity, and toleration c are alike scorned. And it is this new r and wonderful equality of man which i by means of torture, outrage, and as- i sassinations proclaims the 'freedom of i mind .and body,' to the devastated Rus- t sian nation." t QUESTION OF PROFITEERING. t Rock Hill Man Wants to Know ? Whether Merchants are Reasonable. Mr. John T. Roddey has made a lot of talk and no little feeling by sending the following communication to the " local papers, over his own proper signature: Are the people of Rock Hill profit- S oering? Is the Merchants Association one of the worst things that ever happened to Rock Hill? Would it be * either politic or profitable for the L'hamDer 01 tommerue or me ne?a-i papers to look into the Rock Hill ' prices? Is the town being improved ? by such? These questions are asked j me practically every day. A cotton mill man told me that he had never seen so many Sears-Roebuck catalogues. One of the largest farmers in s the county said that "it would break ( me up if I had to buy my supplies in Rock Hill." Another large farmer with s a plantation within two miles of Rock 1 Hill and a resident and tax payer of ( the town sent his two-horse wagon to Chester and bought a lot of goods amounting to between $125 and $175 1 at a saving of 25 to 33 per cent. Indi- < vidually I ran out of a certain article , and had to have a new supply by the next morning. The new stock cost ' me $4.80, the price I had considered, i but as I could not get it here I telephoned to Chester and It came on the afternoon train, priced $3.60. A few days later I phoned to Chester about a $25 purchase and thereby saved $5. The first time I phoned was practically accidental; the next purchase was deliberate. "A farmer sold 25 bales of cotton in ] Rock Hill and brought in five wagons. \ When he had his cotton weighed ne told his hands 'You boys so on home.' 1 I said 'Aren't you going to buy any- ' thing to take back on your empty ' wagons?' He replied. 'N"o I sent three ( mpty wagons to Chester this morning to buy what I needed.' " "A man recently told me that he could 1 buy goods at almost any of the coun- i try stores 15 to 20 per cent, cheaper than he could in Rock Hill. Just as sure as two and two makes four such ' a condition will react on the town. As ] long as the negroes and people generally had so much money they would pay any old price but conditions may ' not always be such." fO FINANCE EXPORT COTTON larding'S Plan to be Put into jtactlcal Operation 1UNDRED MILLION DOLLARS CAPITAL t is Now Proposed to Convert Bonds of Southern Cotton Producers Into Stock of a Big Concern That Will Help to Stabilize Prices. Memphis, April 10. The committee ippointed at today's conference of >roducers, factors and bankers to take lp plans for organization of a cotton xport corporation tonight decided on l capitalization of $100,000,000, Instead ir $0u,uuu,uuu, as origmany auggwicu >y W. P. G. Harding, governor of the federal reserve board, and selected a ubcommittee to develop the idea in letail. The subcommittee was instructed to nake a comprehensive study of the unctions and scope of the proposed orporation and report to the full ommittee, which then will complete he organization and dispose of the tock in the south for cash and Libery bonds, it was announced. A stateaent issued by the committee declard "it is no part of the intention of the rganization to demoralize or interfere pith existing business properly conducted, but to use the great power of he organization for the creation of etter and more economical marketig and distribution facilities for coton." The subcommittee includes Gov. R. 1. Pleasant of Louisiana; Senator tobert L. Owen, Oklahoma; former enator Percy, Mississippi; W. B. hompson, New Orleans; George W. togers, Little Rock, Ark.; John P. cott, Houston, Texas; Dr. H. G. Alexnder, Matthews, N. C.; R. M. Maddox, .tlanta, Ga.; L. B. Jackson, Atlanta; '. M. Crump, Memphis; E. W. Dabbs, fayesville, S- C., and M. C. Allgood, lontgomery, Ala. Committee at Work. The committee, which bega<n its rork on adjournment of the confernce, was instructed to rfBtify Gov. R. L Pleasant of Louisiana, chairman of le convention, who also heads the ommittee, when its work is completed 3 he can call another conference to ct on its programme for organization f the corporation. It was originally understood that the ommittee would report at the acreage jduction conference to be held at New Tleans next month, but it was decidd to receive the report at another leeting to be called for that purpose, 1 order not to confuse the two movelents. Mr. Harding and Senator Robert L. >wen of Oklahoma, who addressed the onference at the morning session on ie export proposal, remain o din em his until late tonight to assist the ommittee in its preliminary work. Mr. Harding at the afternoon sesion read a telegram from the counsel f the Federal trade commission givlg his opinion that the plan as preiously outlined to him by the reserve oard head would violate no law. J. S. Vannamaker, president of the South arolina Cotton association, then read telegram from Governor Allen of Kansas, attacking the legality of the otton reduction movement and of the lan for an organization of an export orporation. Governor Brough of Arkansas in a rief address indorsed the project and cored what he termed "an attempt by he governor of another state to wave he bloody shirt." "It ill-behooves the governor of a tate, the price of whose wheat has tvia TTnttor? env Itcil 11ACU UJ vuv w ~ w ? . rnmcnt at $2.26 a bushel, which will ie paid partly by the consumers of the outh, to criticise the south for a novement which is not only in the inerest of its own salvation but of the rhole country," Governor Brough aidWould Be Permanent. Mr. Harding in his address, after ixplaining his proposal in detail delared the export corporation should rot be considered an emergency measire, but should be organized with the ntention of becoming a permanent nstitution for the benefit of the three >asic factors of the cotton industry? he producer, buyer and banker?this hnvc sufficient caDitalization to >e impressive throughout the world, ie said the corporation should own :hips and that its stock should be ex haingcd for Liberty bonds to people n the south only. Senator Owen declaied that "probibly within another week peace will >e declared, "and urged organization >f the corporation among other rea;ons, to help restore normal conditions hroughout the world and thereby vipe out Bolshevism. When Europe rets back to a normal basis, declared he senator, who recently returned to he United States after studying the oreign financial and commercial situition, and the masses are actively emjloyed in productive labor, Bolshevism vill pass away. Representative E. S. Candler of Misdssippi, also made a brief address. Dtlier prominent delegates from Misiissippi included former Senator Leroy Percy and Representative H. D. Stephens. Senator Kenneth McKeller of Tenlessee, in his welcoming address, urged removal of the export embargo and with several of the other speakers, esahlishment of a/i American merchant marine. MANY DRINKS FOR DRY TIME. Threat of Prohibition Brings to Light Recipes of Long Ago. The realization that in a short time prohibition will be in effect has brought to light many old-time recipes for making wines and beverages its well as talk of new experiments. Thomas J. Farrell, assistant manager of the Waldorf, who has heard many interesting discussions relative to these old-time recipes, said yesterday that it was surprising to learn with what ease liquors, beer, ale and wines could be made with home-grown ingredients and how widespread the custom must have been among our forefaiiivi s. "Almost every hour brings me new knowledge of the subject," he said, "for after a conversation with a man from the south a few days ago I found his ideas so interesting that I started a list of drinks that could be made, and several other guests of the hotel on hearing of my interest in the matter are now dropping into the office with new information." Mr. Farrell said that the simplest of all to make, and one that he pre dieted would become very popular, was the sticking a red-hot poker in a glass of hard cider, after the manner of mulled ale. "Near beer," he said, "with four raisins added to each bottle, and allowed to stand for twelve hours, adds a zest. "Hessian rum is, made with prunes, oats and water. Oat meal will do and the quantities must be learned by the experimenter. Again, a wait; of two weeks is necessary before imbibing."From the middle west I gleaned this one: Sweet cider put through an ordinary cream separator with no thought of consequences to the separator, for it will gum up badly results in something unusual to say the least, but called 'Jersey Lightning.* ( "Grape juice, yeast and water and time, just a few brief days, is one of; the most often mentioned recipes, and although I have yet to meet it face to face, I doubt not that it is good. "Frozen cider, as almost everyone knows, makes a splendid champagne; that is, the part which does not freeze. T*V? a foAvntv no nf to rnollv ahorhof "Then there remains the chance of experimenting with rye, barley, rice, the breakfast foods, and cottonseed. And it Ms certain that with the addition of raisins, prunes, yeast, and such, will give more or less satisfactory results." New York Times. WAR WRECKED FORESTS. ' England and France Give Attention to Reforestation. Reforestation is one of the most important of European reconstruction problems today, not only in those countries which were actually invaded but in those which were engaged in the war, according to Charles Lathrip Pack, of Lakewood, N. J., president of the American forestry association, who has recently been decorated with the Laoerty service war xaeaai oi ine x>ational institute of Social Sciences for his valuable war garden work in the United States. "The deligates to the Paris peace conference are having carefully prepared the necessary data on the French forest losses, and the Government of France means to insist upon a large amount of cutting of standing timber in the Black forest -and other forests of Germany so that France may be provided with lumber for reconstruction purposes," said Mr. Park to a representative of The Christian Sei<*nce Mohitor. All of this will be' a part of the indemnity which Germany will be required to pay. England Cut Half Her Timber. "I suppose many people think the forests of France have suffered more from the war proportionately than have those of any of the other countries," said Mr. Pack. "Our recent careful survey of the situation shows, however, that this is not so. We found that some 1,500,000 acres of the forest lands in France either had been destroyed by the Germans or were used for war purposes by the Allied arthies. This is about 10 per cent of the total standing timber in France. "Rather to our surprise, the investigation shows that in England alone 450,000 acres had been deliberately cut by the Englishmen themselves, and this means half the total standing timber in that country. Even the trees in fViQ Hon lit!fill nnd nnHpnt Windsor forest were cut, and 7,000 acres of this timber would have been felled had not fire destroyed the Canadian sawmill which was operating in Windsor forest just before the armistice became effective. The need for wood was so urgent that Englishmen declared they would cut down every tree in Great Britain if it were necessary to win the war. Allies Appreciate Aid. "The work of reforesting England is a prodigious task. I am sure the peonlo nf the United States do not wish the English to do it alone. We can and must help them. The American forestry association has already secured a memorial fund to assist in this work and will furnish England and Scotland all the forest seed that may be required. We have already had many expressions of appreciation from the brave British people. They are, of course, somewhat stoical compared the French,* but they will be no less appreciative. "We expect also to furnish forest seeds to aid in the reforestation of France, Belgium and Italy, and the American forestry association has recently decided to enter upon a campaign among the people of the United States to furnish the means for sending seeds to these countries. We purpose to make it entirely evident to our Allies that this reforestation aid comes as a spontaneous gift of the American people, who have suffered little in comparison with France, Belgium and Italv. In each of these countries the forest authorities have expressed appreciation of the offer of the American forestry association. Tribute Trees Beneficial. "Forestry will be benefited by the nation-wide movement in the United States for planting tribute trees, and there will be more town, city, and countryside tree planting this spring and next autumn than ever has been before in a similar length of time in this country.' The American forestry association has issued a bulletin on tribute-tree planting and the demand for ihis bulletin from every state in the Union is far beyond expectation, Mr. Park said. That the American public will plant thousands of tribute trees is evidenced by the hundreds of letters received by the American forestry association in Washington, ho concluded. The New York Bird and Tree club, of New York City, has inaugurated a campaign for funds for purchasing memorial fruit trees to restore the orchards in the devestated regions of France. The club is working In cooperation with the French government and has already received sufficient funds to plant 1,200 trees. VICTORY LOAN PUBLICITY How the Government Gets Its Adve Using THE PUBLIC WILL SPEND MILLION Government Is Strong Believer i Publicity, and After Spending Grej Sums In Procuring the Copy, Woul Leave It to the Public to Get II Propaganda to the People Profiting: by the lessons the for previous Liberty loans writes a Phils delphia correspondent, the men wb have charge of the publicity for th Victory Liberty loan have decided t concentrate their attention upon th use of newspaper space in order t float tnis, the last of the war-bon -Issues. This does not mean that billboard! street cars, four-minute men, and th other means to advertise prevlou loans will be abandoned. These wi be used locally, but the treasury de partment has been converted to th belief that newspaper space Is thebes for its purpose, and the Victory Lib erty loan campaign will be the great est ever undertaken in the history c advertising. Under the direction of the Libert loan committee of the Phlladelphii district more than 100 full-page, ad vertisements have been prepared, li addition to some 30 smaller pieces o "copy" and these have been dlstrib uted, in matrix form, to every news paper in the United States from th leading metropolitan dalies to th smallest rural weeklies. Costly Advertising. Some idea of the way in which th nation has been blanketed with thi material may be obtained from th fact that, according to figures gath ered by the treasury department, i will cost 31,800 a word to print thes advertisements. This expense will no be borne by the government nor wll it come out of the proceeds of the loai though the advertising cost of th fourth Liberty loan was less than per cent of the amount subscribed It will be donated by business house and concerns themselves thorough be lievers in the power and efficacy o advertising. The question of raising this mone; is a local one, to be handled by th Liberty loan committee in each cit: or county, the treasury departmen feeling that it has done its part ii supplying matrices of the advertise ments in which the art work has beei dore by one of the foremost com mcclal art services and the text writ ten by recognized advertising experts Philadelphia, however, has experience! little trouble In raising the money nec essary to run these advertisements li all the local papers and It it not an ticipated that other cities will suf fer from lack of funds. In fact, It was Philadelphia's sue cess In handling the publicity for th third Liberty loan that led to the ap pointment of the local committee t undertake the preparation of the ad vertlslng for the entire country of th Victory Liberty loan. Philadelphia's System. About three months before the thlr loan drive, the Philadelphia com mittee decided that the undertakin, warranted the inauguration of a thor ough and competent system. A "cop jury.' made up of the editors or ad vertlslng managers of the local news papers was therefore requested t pass Judgment upon the text writte: by a number of Philadelphia adver tlslng men and the results of thes decisions were used In what was, ir to that time, the most extensive cam palgn used by a single city. The same plan was followed durin the preparation for the Fourth loar except that the preparation of cop was not left entirely to the advertis ing fraternity. A number of othe persons were requested to lend thel assistance and what has been terme' the finest Liberty loan adverttsemen written was the work of Dr. Edwar J. Cattetl, city statistician. Dr. Cattell's text, under the cap tion, "Her Service Flag," was exten slvely reproduced, and slightly re vised, appears In the current Issue o a magazine of national circulation a a full page in color, advertising th Victory loan. The secretary of th Treasury, Carter Glass has declarei that this is the most appealing plec of copy yet submitted, and a framei proof of the page hangs on the wall o his office in Washington. Of course, when the selection of cop is left to anybody for final declsior there will be differences of opinion a mo. whpn. bv a majority o one vote, the copy jury rejected a: advertisement couched in the lan guage of the prize-ring, with the head line, "Make the Third Punch a Knock out!" But the passing of a year ha caused a reversal of this decision aa the present series of advertisement contains not only one from the pugi listic angle, but also copy prepared i the style of baseball, racing, footbal and track sports. Appeal* From Many Angles. Ir fact no possible angle of appea has been overlooked, though the prin cipal appeals have been made from th standpoints of patriotism, investmen' and the reconstruction of the mci who have been wounded. "Your Boys are Still on Guard o vr?toni of the argument in tr r\iimc which will be advanced for the necea slty of raising the money to maintai the army of occupation, while "Fo Their Sake Put It Across," "One c the Things Your Dollars Will Do," an 'Human Reconstruction," are onl three of the dozen or more full page calling attention to the work of re construction and the fact that a con siderable portion of the loan will b spent for the work of removing th handicap under which the wounde soldiers now linger. The committee has realized the there will undoubtedly be a consider able amount of criticism from the un thinking upon the manner in whic money was spent with almost reckles abandon in makipg ready for at leaj another year of war, so a number c advertisements will point out the foil of this attitude. But the series that is expected t ' produce the greatest response Is oomposed of 15 full pages reciting the deeds of "America's Immortals." The material for the major portion of the T" text of these advertisements was secured from the official recommendations for the congressional medal of honor the "Valor Cross." The most striking of these have been selected, illustrated by artists of national reputation and the official citation placed n on a tablet at the side of a very few words of advertising text I One? of these, typical of the series, d relates the exploits of Captain George H. Mallon, of Kansas City, Missouri, who, "becoming separated from the balance of his company because of a :i fog, pushed forward, accompained by L~ nine men, and attacked nine hostile 0 machine guns, capturing all of them ie without the loss of a man. In this 0 encounter, Captain Mallon personally e attacked one of the enemy with his 0 flst. Later, when the party came upon ^ two more machine guns, this officer sent men to the flanks, while he rush3> ed forward directly in face of fire and e silenced the guns, being the first of the 8 party to reach the nest The excepII tional gallantry and determination dis_1 J U.. n, VTnllsv** fAaulM In piitjeu uy uapiaiu viaiiuu irauiKm >u 6 the capture of 100 prisoners, 11 machine guns, four howitzers, and ope anti-aircraft gun." As one member of the committee '' stated, when this series was first considered, "If that kind of copy doesn't y stir 'em up and make them over-suba scribe the loan, then I don't know what will!" n , f HAIG AMAZED AT VICTORY J British General Says Miraculous is the Only Descriptive Word. , Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, in | his final dispatch now made public, i e presents an important review of the ( s war and describes in detail the ex- < e pansion and achievements of the Brit- j ish army, with many remarkable facts ( t and figures. He treats the operations : on the western front as a single cont tinuous campaign, in which can bo re- i II cognized the same general features and j necessary stages that, between forces ( e of approximately equal strength, have \ j marked all the conclusive battles of ] I history. j g 'The high water mark of our fight- j ing strength in infantry," says the , f British commander, "was only reached ( after two and a half years of conflict, < y by which time heavy casualties had al- \ e ready been incurred. It was not until , v mid-Summer, 1916, that the artillen1 t situation became even approximately u adequate to the conduct of major operations. a "During the Somme battle artillery ammunition had to be watched with _ the greatest care. During 1917 amj munition was plentiful, but the gun a situation caused anxiety. It was only in 1918 that artillery operations could n be conducted without any limiting con. sideration beyond that of transport. "The margin with which the German onrush of 1914 was stemmed was so . narrow and the subsequent struggle e was so severe that the word 'mlracul. ous* is entirely inadequate to des0 cribe the recovery and ultimate victory . of the Allies. e "The breakdown of Russia in 1917 probably prolonged the war by a year, and the military situation in Italy in [j. the Autumn of 1917 necessitated the . transfer of five British divisions to ^ Italy at a time when their presence . in France might have had farreaching. y effects." Sir Douglas records the interesting . fact that more than half the British o casualties in the fighting of 1918 ocn curred during the five months from . March to July, when the Allies were e On tne aeienoivc, p "The rapid collapse of Germany's . military powers In the latter half of 1918,' he says, "was the logical outg come of the fighting of the previous i, two years. It would not have taken y place but for that period of ceaseless . attrition, which used up the German r reserves. It is In the great battles of r 1916 and 1917 that all have to seek for d the secret of our victory In 1918. t "The value of cavalry In modern war d is emphasized by Sir Douglas Haig. and, In discussing the value of me chanlcal contrivances such as tanks, - he observes that, Immense as their ln fluence migrht have been, they cotild * ?1? tv?mooi?4j decide a campaign. I noi uy . s Their true role is to assist infantrye men by whose rifles and bayonets only e can decisive victory be won. d The expansion of British personnel, e .artillery, ammunition, transport, raild way construction, and establishments f of every kind in France is dwelt upon by the field marshal. Regarding may chine guns, the British equipment ini, creased from one gun to 500 infantrys men in 1914 to one to twenty infanf trymen In 1918. The 486 pieces of arn tlllery with which the British took the - field in 1914 were represented at the - date of the armistice by 6,437. On the first day of the Somme bats tie in 1916 nearly 13,000 tons of ard tlllery ammunition were fired by the 8 British on the Western rronu un iwu - days. Sept. 20 and 21. 1917, 4*2,000 tons ( n were expended, and in the three days ( I. of the crucial battle of Sept 27, 28 and ( 29, 1918, nearly 65,000 tons were fired ( by the British artillery. 1 l1 Sir Douglas Haig says that the fea ture of the war which to the historian e may well appear most noteworthy is j t. the creation of the new British army, 1 n which was successfully built up In the ( very midst of the war. n "The total of more than 327,000 Ger3 man prisoners captured by us on the . - western front," says Sir Douglas, "is n in striking contrast to the force of six ,r divisions, comprising some 80,000 flghting men, with which we entered the d war. _,That we should have been able y to accomplish this stupendous task is s ano nnrtlv to the loyalty and devotion - of our Allies and to the splendid work < - of the Royal Navy, but mainly to the e wonderful spirit of the British race In lC all parts of the world." d "With respect to the use of cavalry, Sir Douglas Haig contends that, in the Lt light of full experience of the war, the decision to preserve the cavalry corps has been completely justified. h "It has been proved," he adds, "that 19 cavalry, whether used for shock effect, under suitable conditions, or as mo>f bile Infantry, have still an Indlspensay ble part to play in modem war. Moreover, It cannot safely be assured that o in all future wars the flanks of the op posing forces will rest on neutra states or Impassable obstacles." The field marshal devotes a specia section to "Why We Attacked When ever Possible," In which he says: "The object of all war Is victory and a purely defensive attitude cai never bring about a successful decis ion." He emphasizes that the defensivt role sooner or later produces a lower, ing of morale, while the defender becomes almost entirely ignorant of hh opponent's dispositions and plans. Thii was exemplified in the fighting of 1918 "So long as the enemy was attack ing, he obtained fairly full informatloi regarding our dispositions," says SL Douglas, 'but as soon as he was throwr on the defensive, and the Initiative returned to the Allies, he was kept li comparative Ignorance of our plam and dispositions, and the Allies weri able to effect many surprises, botl strategic and tactical.' In this section the field marsha thanks the various commanders anc his staff, and mentions Lieut Col Bacon, who, he says, "as chief of th< American mission attached to mj headquarters has been able to give mt advice and assistance of the greatest value on many occasions." QUESTION OF FOREIGN TITLES Senator Gore Would Revive Ancient Issue. A neat parliamentary question has been raised by Senator Gore of Oklahoma as to the life of a proposed amendment to the constitution of the United States pending its adoption by the several states of the Union. The question raised concerns an amendment proposed in 1810 as to the bestowal of titles on citizens of the United States, or the receipt by them 3f gifts, emoluments of offices for foreign rulers. Under the proposed amendments, acceptance of such titles Dr presents would disqualify for citisenship In the United States. Only one more state was needed at the time for the adoption of the proposed amendment, or one-half state, as the senate, and not the house of the general assembly of South Carolina gave its assent to the idea, and Cor thirty years this was taught In the public schools as the Thirteenth amendment, Senator Gore says. Officials of the general assembly of South Carolina have been asked to look into the legality of adopting the amendment at this time. The letter follows: "I beg to call your attention to the constitutional amendment set out below. It will explain itself. It was submitted to the states by congress in 1810. There were only five votes against it in the senate and only three against it in -the house. It lacked only one state of ratification at the time. [ might say it lacked only half a state, as the senate of South Carolina did ratify it It was popularly supposed al the time that it had received the rejulsite number. Indeed It was printed Ln the school books ror a third 01 a :entury as the Thirteenth amendment. There was so much confusion in the public mind ln regard to the matter that the fifteenth congress appointed a. committee to invostigate the history and status of the amendment "I do not know whether an amendment so submitted would ever die of ild age or pot. There is nothing ln the constitution which limits :he time Df ratification. As you. know the constitution as it now stands provides that no person holding ony office of profit or tru^t under the United States shall without the consent of congress accept of any present, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from any king, prince, or foreign state. This applies only to officials and does lot apply to private citizens. MoreDver, congress can give its assent to the acceptance of titles of honor and lobility. Congress has given its con sent. Several Americans have already been knighted or granted such titles. There may be a difference in opinion as to whether these titles and trappings t>f nobility are in perfect harmony with bur democracy. There is undoubtedly considerable sentiment in the country igainst the acceptance of theso royal favors. At any rate, you will pardon me for calling the matter to your attention. If you thought it worth while fou could have had your Judiciary committee look into the legal effect of the ratification of this amendment at this time: " 'Resolved by the senate and house t)f representatives of the state of n eeneral assembly met, that the fol lowing amendment to the constitution af the United States proposed by the senate and the house of represcnta:lves of the United States of America in congress*- assembled is hereby approved and ratified by the general assembly of this state; that is to say: " 'It any citizen of the United States alaim, receive or retain any title of nobility or honor, or shall without ine consent of congress accept or retain my present, pension, office or emolument of any kind whatever from any amperor, king, prince or foreign powar, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust nr profit under them or either ol them." " 'Resolved further by the senate and the house of representatives of the state of in general assembly met, that the governor of this state be and is hereby requested to transmit a copj of the foregoing resolution to the executives of the several statss in the United States and to the secretary ol state of the United States.'" "Army nurses now demoblizing in J 1 mllltarv IN ew lorK are ueiiuuiu&iia ??**** v%?.,, rank as a condition to further war service in the army. They say they would refuse absolutely, to volunteer again unless present conditions were completely changed and rank war granted," said Miss Ella Phillips Crandall, who has recruited thousands of applicants for the United States Student Nurse Reserve, and who, as executive secretary of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing has been in close touch with the nurses now coming to New York from France. "Army nurses are bitterly resentful of the government's treatment of the nurses," continued Miss Crandall. "In one of the papers they are asked to sign as they prepare to leave the service, they are asked whether they would accept war service if needed, and if not, to give theii reasons. In answer, scores of nurses are writing, 'Not unless rank is given to nurses/ " 1 THE POPPIES OF FLANDERS 1 ' Recognized as the Symbol of Our Hero Dead i ASSOCIATED WITH AMERICA'S SACRIFICE i Familiar Flower Hat Appealed to the 9 Genius of the Greatest Poets, and 3 Everywhere It Calls to, Mind the Wages of War. "In Flanders fields the nonnlea hin? Between the crosses, row on row, r That mark our place; " i "Immortalized by a soldier-poet, > - himself buried In Prance, Flanders i popples already are symbols of the naj tlon's hero dead of the World war," J says a bulletin from the National Gei ographlc society. "Now the poppy l? to cover a seml1 official recognition by being planted in I government parks of the nation's Cap. ital as perennlel memorials to the men s who sleep undfer the crosses and popr pies of Flanders. : "To examine the poppy is not to t violate its new found sentiment, for it unfolds its glories under closer study. Moreover it has a symbolism unexpected because of the pure accident of its association with America's t sacrifices for freedom. The poppy is a thorough-going Al( lied flower, found In profusion in France, but especially popular in Eng, land because it Is the only scarlet flower In the British flora, except the , scarlet pimpernel, and even that is more .ed than scarlet. "The poppy family (genus papaver, in botanical terminology) hes as many | :omplexions and habitats as the skins it decorates. To the swarthy African, to the brave Australian, to the crusad| infe- Californjan. and to the Asiatics employed behind the lines, the popples have nodded familiar heads in friendly welcome. "There are half a hundred or more branches (or species) of the poppy family. It is likely the soldier poet quoted above had in mind the most prolific?* one of the most common, and what many consider the most beautiful variety, the corn poppy (Papaver Rhoeats). You will recall: "' 'Neath the blue of the iky, is the green of the corn. It is there that the regal poppies are bom.' A Vi<v*+ r\f paaenn nr>iv t>in n/MV. py survived the searing tramp of armed hosts and the churning of big gun fire on the earstwhUe grain fields of Flanders is given in a farmers' dogi gerel: " 'When the poppy ripens be sun the ends Will stock the garden as with weeds.' "For the same reason the poppy's , hardihood is attested in England by its i bloom along railroad tracks, by the : roadside, and In the niches of stone ' walls. "Nature provided the poppy with an . intricate and ingenious device of a kind which makes the study of even > the simplest plant life a constant mar' vel and delight. It is the vlllaco rheumatic of the flower community?equipped with a miniature hydroscop* Long capsules contain the seeds of the poppy. Atop each capsule are valves, sensitive to moisture of the air, which close when the atmosphere is hu mi a. wnen me air is 017 ui? yv rum open to eject the seed upon warm, sunny soil. ||* "Nor la that alL Jealous floral tribes might accuse this plant of 'PanPoppy' ambitions for expanding Its place under the sun. For it Is no mere accident that the seeds are at the bottom, and the pores at the top of the slender capsule. When the wind blows the stems sway over a wide area and fling out the seeds for a far greater distance than if they fell around the root "The poppy is thoroughly demo?ratio in its hospitality to flies, bees, beetles 1 and all other Insects. It Invites them by its brilliant colors and offers no special charm for certain privileged ' insects as do some more exclusive flowers. It has no honey but provides pollen in plenty. In part the poppy is self fertilizing, but plants also are fertilized by the pollen 'left overs' of the 1 insects' feast which they parry to other flrtnrnro. "A characteristic of the corn poppy, besides its brilliant scarlet coloring, is the large size of its outer petals which 1 hide the lesser pair until the flower has opened. Popples in Flanders, be they com poppies or other varieties are not of the oriental species from 1 which opium is derived. The corn noppy, when cultivated, is known as the Shirley poppy. The flower is perennial or annual, according to the variety. "Travelers among country folk of ' England will encounter various names given to the poppy, such as 'Red Cap,' 'Red Weed,' and 'Fireflout'. The more prosaic prefer 'Cheesebowl on account of the shape, and eveo Headache,' because of the odor of some varieties: " 'Corn poppies that in crimson dwell. Called headaches from their sickly small.' "And another poet is more guarded ; in his oleofactory comment: " 'No odora aveet proclaim the spot Where ita toft leaves unfold; ' ! But of all the poetic mention of ths poppy, from that of Burns and Keats, I down to Bridges and William Winter, , perhaps the most glowing and des. criptive is contained In tha lines of j Francis Thompson: t " 'Summer set lip to earth's bosom bare, And left the flushed print in a poppy there; Like a yawn of fire from the grass it came. And the fanning wind puffed It to flapping flame. i With burnt mouth red like a lion'a it drank The blood of the sun as he slaughtered sank. And dipped its cup in the purpurata shine When the eastern conduits ran with wine.'" The Old-Fashioned Way. Theyoun* hopeful of four years had been a source of continual vexation and trouble all through the meal, and at its finish a woman friend turned to the child's ? mother and saja: 1 "If your boy belonged to me I 1 shouldn't stand so much of his nonsense at mealtime. I should give him 1 a thrashing." "But," said the mother, "you can't I spank the poor little fellow on a full stomach." "No," said her friend, "but you can | turn him over." Pittsburgh Chronicle Telegraph. 1 ~ ,.m i