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' ' fsn . * i . L. M Giusrs sons. p?biM.er8. j & Rami's Hewsjajei;: <?or th? Jlromotion of Itn Jlolitital, gatfaC^jri^ultuija! and Commercial Interests of th< Jeojt^. j TER wlNo^ANCE ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK. S. O. TUESDAY. MARCH 25, 1919. NO.24 ? - ~~ "MR. SPEAKER OILLETT Friendly Appraisement of Hlgb Public Official . STANDS WELL WITH BOTH PARTIES Massachusetts Congressman Has Seen Long Service in the House, and Is Generally Considered to be a Careful and Considerate Legislator. Literary Digest As a speaker of the hou.e of repre sentatives has so many opportunities for making himself unpopular, especially with the minority members, it is well for Frederick H. Gillett of Massachusetts, that he takes the perilous seat with the hearty approbation of both political friends and opponents. The Springfield Republican, which is not altogether in sympathy with Mr. Gillett's political colleagues, nevertheless, with Justifiable pride in the tri umph of an able man from its own home town, declares that? The success of Mr. Gillette is inspiring, also, for the reason that it is tho proper reward of long and faithful service. He plodded along in the house for over two decades, without gaining the pre-eminence which was won by some of his Massachusetts colleagues who entered the house later than he did. Fortune is capricious in bestowing her prizes, yet in this case one sees a man suddenly come to the front and flnd the door open to his greatest usefulness and power long after most politicians had dismissed him from their mlndi' as a serious contender for the highest congressional honors. Circumstances at that time have favored him, of course, but no one ever gets anywhere with circumstances dead against him. That Mr. Oillett's term as speaker will be most successful is the wish of all his constituents, who admire his ability, honesty, and trained capacity for public affairs. To New England as a whoie his elevation is significant of the larger influence of this section in Washington. One must go back to Robert C. Winthrop and General Banks before the Civil war to flnd other Massachusetts men in the speaker's chair; while since the Civil war only the parliamentary giants, Blaine and Reed, of Maine, have been able to attain such eminence. In their company on the scroll of congressional fame is Mr. Gillett now elevated. Summing up the career of the new nominee for the speakership, the Republican says further: Frederick Huntington Gillett, who MAW* nnAol'or f\f V?0 VinilQP IS IV UC UiC ll^AI V* vuv ??v?wv| was born October 16, 1851, In Westfield, and was named after Bishop F. D- Huntington, of Syracuse, N*. Y., and Hadley, a classmate of his honored 4 father. E. B. Gillett, at Amherst colj lege. His mother was a daughter of James Fowler, a prominent citizen of Westfleld. He fitted for college in the Westfleld schools and was graduated from Amherst in the class of 1874 and from the Harvard law school in 1877. Previous to his college course, ho spent a year in study and travel abroad, chiefly in Germany. His father, one of the ablest lawyers and most polish? ed men of his time in western Massa> chusetts, took a deep interest in his * education and early developed in the young man the talent for graceful oratory and felicitous expression inherited from himself; and there could hardly have been a better master in these arts. F- H. Gillett began the practice of law In Springfield in partnership with Judge E. B. Maynard, and promptly exhibited an interest in politics, taking part in the state campaigns of 1878 as a speaker at various rallies. Mr. Gillett was first elected to congress in 1892, and has represented his district continuously ever since. He has now had thirteen continuous terms ^ in the house. Thus, the Republican, quoting an article published in its own columns in September, 1917, when, in consequence of the illness of James R. Mann, Mr. Gillett became floor leader of the then minority party, adds: ^ He is the dean of all New England representatives- Indeed, he is almost the dean of the Republican party in the national house. Ex-Speaker Joseph G. Cannon has had twenty-one terms, which means forty-?.wo years in the house, but these were not continuous. His constituents left him home in the middle of the Harrison administration and again at the beginning of the first Wilson administration. ^ Consequently Mr. Gillett has held a continuous commission in the house longer than ex-Speaker Cannon ever did. His service in that regard is exceeded only by Representative William A. Jones, a Democrat, from the eastern f shore of Virginia. But Mr. Gillett has one full-fledged contemporary in Henry Allen Cooper, the Wisconsin radical, who came to congress at the same time as he and has remained there constantly. Speaker Champ Clark has but twelve terms, and those have not been continuous, although he entered trie tlOUSe at me same umc o.o sentative Gillett. The New York Times also expresses its approval of the majority's choice, as follows: For once a great party has put its best foot forward in the nomination ol a candidate for one of the nation's highest offices. Frederick H. Gillett who will be the next speaker, is no1 * only a good man, or the right man tc elect, but he is conspicuously fitted foi the placfe above all his competitors That seldom happens in a countrj where compromises so often rule electlons and nomination. Usually, as be tween the best and the worst, the parties compromise by choosing neithei very good nor very bad. But Mr. Gil lett, able, experienced, broad-minaea and yet no mugwump, but a vigorous honest partisan, stood out over all the others, and even, it may be sa;d over those who might have been pui , ^ forward, but were notMr. Gillett is himself quoted as say ing upon his nomination: "I haw reached the goal of my ambition, i happiness which I suppose comes t< few men My ambition wil now be to establish harmonious co-operation among all Republicans that w< may cope successfully with the pro dlglous problems of the coming ses ton." The papers of his own part] I naturally assume, like the New York Sun, that the new leader "is going to represent the Republican idea of the right man in the right place," and will also "epitomize the Republican slogan for 1920," which ,we learn, is "straight 100 per cent Americanism, free from fads and crusades and backI ed by patriotism, efficiency and common sense." The Sun thus describes his personality: * Meeting Mr. Gillett, one finds a man slender, of medium stature, with closely cropped beard and clear blue eyes. Always courteous and often I smiling, the personality and voice blend to make up an impression distinctly I pleasing. You feel he would be interesting on any subject at any time without sign of self-consciousness. Although senior member of the house in point of service and sixty | seven years of age, Mr. Gillett does not impress one as an elderly man. A casual caller at his office would put him down at forty-five or fifty. He Is fit physically, his beard la not gray, and he gives rather the impression of being In the prime of life. Dwelling upon the new speaker's future methods, as they may be indicated by his career and disposition, the same paper asserts that Mr. Gillett will not resort to spectacular, brass-band means nor uncalledfor abuse of political opponents. He ; will rely on facts and figures and the I common sense of the American people. I He believes in scrupulous fairness and courtesy, but at the same time he can resort to cutting irony and incisive argument in driving his facts home. As a debater Mr. Gillett, despite his mild manner, has already established a reputation which is appreciated, particularly on the Democratic side of the chamber. To illustrate Mr- Gillett's ability as a debater and his fairness to his opponents, the Sun reprint several anecdotes, saying: Although his speeches generally are prepared very carefully and he avoids taking part in discussion excepting when he deems it necessary, Mr. Gillett can mix matters with the best of avtamnnronenna nnonkfrs Follow- I ing the president's appeal for a Democratic congress, certain Democrats sought to make it appear that the kaiser hoped for a Republican victory. This drew the Gillett flre. "Do you think that he ithe kaiser) knows whom he has most to fear?" he asked. "Will he think it is favorable to him if the next house is controlled by the party of Roosevelt and Wood and Gardiner, by the party of La Guardia and Heintz and Johnson, who left their seats here to try to put bullets into his well protected sons?" Responding to charges of partisanship on the Republican side, Gillett said: "I believe there never has been a time when a strong minority, almost equal in numbers to the mS^ority, has so suppressed partisanship and criticism and so effaced its organization of whole-hearted support of its political opponents. Rare, classical bits of irony and humor sparkle occasionally from Mr. Gillett's debate on the floor. Speaking (on corrupt practices recently, he said: "Everybody here at least, almost everybody is against the purchasing of votes." Mr. Glllett made an excellent impression on his confreres in the house on September 27 last with regard to published reports that he had said Champ Clark had voted against the war-declaration. Speaker Clark's friends were incensed. Gillett should say something to correct this impression, they asserted, or if he does not want to embarrass his party he should at least tell the newspaper men to correct it. "Don't worry," one of Gillett's friends said; "if any misstatement has been made Gillett won't hesitate to have it corrected. I've seen him play golf. He's a good loser." "Mr- Speaker," Gillett said, rising on this occasion. "In some of the press reports of some remarks which I made last Saturday It was stated that the speaker, Mr. Clark, had voted against the declaration of war " Here comes the apology. the newspaper men thought, and they could themselves complete It along the wellworn lines of "the newspapers made a mistake, it was their fault, I was misquoted, etc., etc. " Continuing, Mr. Glllett said: "It was my fault. And as he did not vote against the declaration of war, I wish to state the fact here publicly. "I think anybody who heard my whole speech or read it in the Record will appreciate the fact that I made no reflection at all upon the loyalty and patriotism of any member of the house, least of all against the speaker, who has given, to the service of the country a life which he values more than his own." Perhaps the best example of Mr. Gillett's cutting irony is found in a little speech he made back in 1914, when William Jennings Bryan was the chief ^ member of President Wilson's cabinet and was being made the recipient of fulsome praise from members of the official family. 1 "I do not, of course, forget the nota' ble eulogium pronounced in his presence by the secretary of the navy (Mr. J , Daniels)" Mr. Gillett said, "and published by the press, wherein he was de! scribed as the greatest secretary of ' state since Jefferson, but I th nk it was rather an index of the discretion of the ' rva\-\r who snnke. and aetrsiai j ut .. F the receptivity for adulation of the | secretary of state, who listened, than any impairment of the prestige of Madison, Adams, Webster, and many others." There was something about Bryan's lecturing for money while a member of the cabinet that did not coincide ' with Mr. Gillett's feeling of propriety ' o his conception of national dignity. "I do not like to believe that he (Mr. ' Bryan) is following Byron's precept." 1 he said: "So for a good old-gentlemanly vice, " I think I must take up with avar:ce." > Forecasting Mr. Gillett's attitude on i public questions, the Sun holds that as ) "a good Yankee," he believes In econ1 omy; and as "no member of congress - has made a closer study of approprlai tions," he is sure to be an able oppo ncnt of reckless extravagance. Fur ther, we learn: ir In matters of foreign policy Mr. Gil lett, like Senator Lodge, believes that politics stop at the water's edge. He was heart and soul for the Wilson administration, mistakes or no mistakes, during the heat of the world-war. But now that the war is over he feels that common sense judgment should assert itself and that free and open discussion should prevail. Eloquent silence greeted the request that he express himself on the president's league of nations scheme to perpetuate everlasting peace. I Turning to safer, because non-con' troversial and non-speculative, matters, the Sun concludes: Incidentally Mr. Gillett is a good golfer and some say he is the best golfer in congress. He drives straight and plays the game with the same care that he devotes to preparing speeches. i Three years ago Mr. umeu was married to Mrs. Christine Rice Hoar, widI ow of Congressman Rockwood Hoar. He maintains a home in Washington on Eighteenth street, and devotes such time as he can to the comforts and blessings of home life. 5ut these are busy days, and frequently Mr. Glllett is busy at his office until late in the evening. Work and plenty of it has no terrors for him. GERMANY'S COTTON SUPPLY. Country Needs Nearly Half of Present Crop to Make up Shortage. Germany's cotton shortage is estimated to be 4,500,000 bales of 500 pounds each in dispatches based on the oplnon of European experts and made public in Washington Thursday. When Germany began hostilities in 1914 the country had on hand only about 500,000 bales of raw and manufactured cotton, a supply sufficient for two or three months. The pre-war consumption had been 2,000,000 bales annually, much of which was exported, but the cessation of exports was fully ofTset by military needs, so that the country's requirements were not less* i ' V??? ntA/tlro am V?o n/1 Tirn rn onrv_ C1ICU. X no o lutno VU naiiu nvi? 0U|/plcmented to the extent of 1,200,000 bales by seizures in invaded districts. Many expedients were described as having been used by the central powers to obtain the staple through neutral countries, and in the first three years "reasonably large quantities of cotton goods" were imported in that way. German sources estimate th'at 100,000 bales were purchased from the United States, Scandinavia, Holland, 175,000 bales from Switzerland before the blockade was made entirely ef>ctive, up to the end of 1917. The amount obtained in 1918 was not 'mown. A total of 100,000 bales also were acquired in Asia Minor and Russian Turkestan. Cotton purchased by German interests, which were unable to import it from neutral countries, is estimated at 260,000 bales, of which 200,000 bales are stored in Scandinavia, Holland and Spain, and 60X00 batek ifi"*^V!T?erlancl. Substitutes for cotton, made from t>aper, nettles, etc., were not very successful, and only 10 per cent of Germany's normal domestic cotton con I -? >-?? ? trov o _ SUIIipUUIl WOS lUUb 111 UlUk ? t*J , uvvvav. ing to the estimates, or about 600,000 bales in three years. Based on the above information it was estimated that of Germany's average need of 8,000,000 bales in four years, only 3,500,000 bales had been supplied. In determining the cotton ration to be supplied Germany, it was pointed out the loss of Alsace and Lorraine must be taken into consideration. Those provinces' included 25 per cent of the spindle and loom capacity of the country, so that the annual requirements have been reduced to perhaps 1,500,000 bales. Virtually all factories were said to be in great need of repair and a loss of three or four months' working time was estimated to be necessary to put the machinery, injured by working on substitutes, in good condition. The report pointed out that if Germany demanded that the shortage be made up, she would be asking in effAnrfh r\f tVic? wnrH'.q fin nual production of 20.000.000 bales. STEEL PRICES REDUCED. Manufacturers Forego Part of Big War Profits. Complete schedules of prices for steel and iron products agreed upon by representatives of the steel indus'ry and the industrial board of the department of commerce were announced Friday after members of the board had conferred with Attorney General Palmer. The announcement "f the new prices, following the conference, was taken as an Indication the board's efforts to reduce and stabilize prices through agreement with opposition from the department of justice. Steel men, who in joint conference with the board framed the new schedu'e. said it was understood the question of price agreements was to be 'aid before the attorney general by the board. Chairman Peek, of the board, ' owever, after the visit to Mr. Palmer's office, said the board had 'merely "id a soeial call on the new attorney "neral." ""'*e new prices, which generally epresent reductions from 10 to 14 *ier cent, become effective at once for efforts of the industrial board at price tabili?at'on and reduction to a peace ' mo basis. In approving the schedules submitted by the steel men, the board, according to a statement issued tonight. adopted a policy ro oe iohuh 1 in agreements with producers of o*?*er basic commodities. This policy, 4 was said, is to strike a ba'ance that "whi'e calling sooner or later for -one sacrifice or adjustments on the >art of all. yet will not subject any ef intense interest to undue hardships." Judge E. H. Gary, of the United States steel corporation, chairman of the committee representing the Amerl -1 TvViioh can iron anu si?i mnuvuiv, .... ?... conferred with the board, in a statement containing the announcement of the new prices, said the new rates were agreed upon with a view to bringing about a revival and stabilisation of business through prices favorable to the consuming public and vet yielding a moderate and reasonable return to investors in the industry, he expresses the belief the new prices would not disturb wage rates or interfere with wage agreements. FLIGHT ACROSS ATLANTIC The First Successful Trip Is Now Imminent NATIONS COMPETE FOR DISTINCTION it Is a Matter of Chance as to Whether America, England, France, Itnly or Germany Will Win, and It is alsc a Toss Up as to Whether it Will Be Airplane or Airship. Christian Science Monitor. The projected flight from Sencgambia, Africa, to Brazil, South America, has been arrested by a breakdown of the machinery of Lieutenant Fontan'a Caudron. This means simply postponement, and the attempt to cross the j South Atlantic is almost certain to be made shortly. To those in northern climes this will lack something, even if successful, of the full achievement A trans-Atlantic flight, to the great majority of the people of the northern hemisphere, means the passage between some point in North America and some point in Europe, or an air voyage between these continents over the great routes of trans-Atlantic ocean traffic. Still, Lieutenant Fontan's success would take some of the sDice out of the desired accomplish ment; at the least, it would be the first flight between the eastern and western hemispheres, and all later successful ones, no matter how much nearer the popular ideal In achievement, would call for a little note of explanation. The first steamship voyage was made between Savanah and Liverpool. The first Atlantic cable was laid between Ireland and Newfoundland It has long been a fond expectation that the first trans-Atlantic flight would follow either the line of the great eastern or the wake of the modern ocean greyhounds between Liverpool and New York, whether westward or eastwarc bound. It is known that Great Britain has now, and practically ready for flying, ihrce over-ocean-going airships. The latest of these is the R-80, now receiving some final attention in the aerodrome at Barrow-in Furness. * This .3 a rigid machine and is said to be ric last woru iu act mi tuiisn utuvii. A detailed description of the craft reeals how far ahead even of popular imagination the construction of airships has gone. The hull is of steamline shape, and is equipped with three bow mooring attachments, which enable the ship to be moored out from a ower in such a manner that it is "left free to turn in any direction and lie with the wind," as an anchored steam3hip amidstream might swing and lie with the tide. Four cars are attached ?tu IMa 1 lmttvaACUiilfbr"car forward,'* passenger car, and two wing cars for machinery. The control car is large enough to accommodate all navigating controls, instruments, and navigating crews. Then there is a special type of bufTer bag and bouyant covering fitting to the forward car and to each of the machinery cars. These will enable the airship to float on water, and they become shock absorbers when landing. In every other way devices to insure safety and comfort the results of recent invention, are availed of, and the vessel, when she puts forth upon her maiden voyage, will apparently be as thoroughly quipped as the latest floating palace from the yards of Belfast or the Clyde. The vessel is only of a trio likely to speed across the ocean from England early this summer. Announcement has already been made of four ocean going aeroplanes of United States naval construction, all of which are expected to be in commission early, pert.rps in time to anticipate a successful trip over the Atlantic by a British airship or aeroplane. So far as the United States and Great Britain are concerned, any rivalry that may be developed in this connection will be entirely friendly, and as much may be said for such competition as may later be attempted by France and Italy. It is not believed that either of these latter nations will be prepared to make the trans-Atlantic attempt in avitaion early this summer, although it is no secret that both will be ready for the venture, should Great Britain and the United States fail in the enterprise or too long postpone it. It is a matter of knowledge, too, that at Doberitz, Germany, a new large Siemens-Schuckert biplane is now undergoing trials "ostensibly with the view ultimately of tpono. A tlontlf" masmg a uiu iui mc record," This machine as designed would, it is estimated, accomplish the flight from Hamburg to New York in twenty hours. Tanks of a capacity of about 750 gallons are fitted on the Siemcns-Schuckert machine, and it is calculated by the builders that the total fuel required, amounting to about three times the quantity just ment'oned, could be carried by the biplane, which has six engines, with a total of 1 800 horsepower, driving four propellers. All the indications point to an inauguration of trans-Atlantic aviation service this year, no matter what nation shall be first in the field. All that is necessary for emulation and enterprise in the new realm of activity is a successful beginning. The multiplication of aircraft will undoubtedly be much more rapid than was the early multiplication of steamships, a hundred years ago. At the beginning the steamship was a very crude and unsatisfactory affair. The Savannah, tbe first to cross the Atlantic, would look like a tender alongside a modern ocean-going vessel, and it required twenty-two days for her initial voyage.. Aircraft, of all known types, on the other hand, are highly developed They have performed feats in the air They have been engaged in war Thov have made vovaees by nighl over land and sea. They are products of the most advanced technical schools. They are manned by highly trained navigators. Fully twenty years have been crowded into the experience concerning them since the great war. Successes and failures count alike as assets for their constructors. From the moment that the Wrights were able to sustain a heavier-than-alr machine above the earth, every step, from flights over sandhills to flights over prarlea, over rivers, over mountain tops, over the British Channel, over continents, has f been In the natural line of development.' There were failures all alon? the Tfay, but every failure was eventually wiped out by a success. The year 1919 is evidently to mark I the beginning of a new era In transportation. Continents and countries will fee brought into closer relations by aircraft than they have been by the submarine cable or by radlo-elec1 tricltf. All port laws and customs i rules taust be revised to meet the new conditions. The Allies have already seen this and are preparing to meet the Med. Said Lord Weir, former BrititJ air minister, in a recent ad, dress In Manchester: "Any adequate survei of the future of civilization must Involve an Inquiry into the fu ture cfe transport, and it might well be that vansport by air would one day rival kpd even surpass transport by land swid water." That day is probably closer than the wise men of the world puspect AiMY CAMP SETTLEMENT. Fifteen to Be Purchased and Twenty i to Be Abandoned. Decision of the war department to nroeerfl with the purchase of the sites of 15 irmy camps and 18 balloon and fly'ng fcelds over the country was announce Friday by acting Secretary Crowek" Less than $15,000,000 will be involv?, Mr. Crowcll said, and it will not b?|necessary to await action by congr ? as the department jaow has the n?e88ary funds. Witlwthese purchases complete, the army will have 80 training camps, including the original 16 cantonments constjH^d for the training of the natlonaijrmy, and 19 aviation centers, most of which will be in the southeastenfstates, Texas and California. The fetv fields to be retained in the north wl be regarded as summer flying ceiBrs only. Twenfcy-seven camps &M 15 .vria - - . . TKLr tlon ncjas will De aDanaonea. Ordeis already have gone out |K the abandonment of 20 of the canjjfo, including nearly all of the national "uard training centers set up after the United .States declared war on Germany. i Construction work on the 27 camps, (according to war department flguresXrepresents a cost of approximately)!* 1100,000,000 of which $43,000,000 ; was spent on the four emhr.rkatipn cantonments?Mills, New Fork, and Merrltt, New Jersey, and Stuart and Hill, Newport News. <128,000 000 Expended. Approximately $28,000,000 has been pent ff construction work on the 15 cantonments to be bought and the 15 -ow owned and it wa$ largely be-^ purchase. Most of the 30 camps are being used as demobilization centers, but no definite plans for their employ- \ mont after the war army is disbanded have been evolved. It was explained the whole problem of the future use the camps depended upon the nation's military policy and no conclusion as to that could be reached until the peace conference at Paris naa rendered it* decision as to world disarmament. Announcement already has been made that only two flying fields actually would be used In training army aviators In peace times and others purchased or now owned would become storage plants for material on hand or under contract. Location of the flying centers to be retained shows a plan to have three general training centers, one In the far west, one In the southwestern part of the country 1 and one In the southeast with the different fields In each section close enough together so elementary and advanced training will be provided within a reasonable area. Total expenditures on the 19 flying and bal'h? rptAdned reoresent 1UVI1 1IOIUO VV vw u __ about $30,000,000. To Buy and Sell Sevier. Besides the fields to be bought for military purposes, one other, Chapman field, Florida, also will be purchased "for business reasons" and subsequently sold. The same procedure will be followed in the case of Camp Sevier, S. C., which was used as a national guard center. Mr. Crowel1 said it was cheaper for the government to buy this field at the option price of $597,940 and sell it again than to pay the damage claims made against the government as the result of the building of the camp. The total amount spent on Camp Tackson at Columbia has been $10,000,000. The purchase price, on a basis of options previously taken, will be $625,00. Camp Wadsworth, which cost ??,100.00, is to be abandoned. CENSUS BUREAU STATISTICS. Crop of 1918 Agregates Less Than Twelve Million Ba'es. Final statistics on the 1918 cotton top. announced by the census bureau in its last ginning: report last Thursday, place production at 11,888,138 ninnlng ba'es, or 12,022,601 equ'valent ^00-pound bales both exclusive of linters. The 1917 crop was 11,248,242 runn'ner bales, or 11,302,375 equivalent 500 pound bales. The department of agriculture in December estimated the 1918 crop at 11,700,000 equivalent 5001 pound bales. Included In the 1918 figures are : 177,121 bales which ginners estimated 1 would be turned out after the March 1 canvass. ' Round bale3, counted as half bales 1 !n the running bales statistics, num bercd 154,000, compared wun lsa.wio In 190T. 1 Sea Island bale9 Included are 15,389 compared with 92,619 bales in 1917. Distribution of sea island for 1918 by states was: : Florida. 20.160; Georgia, 21,265, and 1 South Carolina, 9,964. ' The average gross weight of bales ' for the crop, counting round as half bales and excluding linters, is 505.7 ' pounds, compared with 502.4 pounds ' for 1917. 1 Ginneries operated numbered 19,249 ompared with 20.301 in 1917. ! Ginnings of the 1918 crop by states, in equivalent 500-pound bales, were: Alabama, 800,121; Arizona, 56,560; | \r'-ansaa, 985,319; California, 67,322; I Florida, 28,242; Georgia, 2,120,690; I Louisiana, 586,105; Mississippi, 1,225,- I 348; Missouri, 61,516; North Carolina, i 895,853; Oklahoma, 676,270; South Carolina, 1,566,900; Tennessee, 329,203; Texas, 2,629,810; Virginia, 24,884; all other states 6,157. ? I SUGAR BOWL DYNAMITE. F Making from Sweats the Glycerine of High Explosives. A few cubes of sugar and presto! A shell breaks over the terrain to shiver into fragments which maim land kill! Just a few tablespoonfuls t ui muituMies unu science is enaoiea 10 ' blow the gnarled stumps out of the * unyielding earth with the same ma- t terial which makes the farmer wife's ( gingerbread . v By the direction of Daniel C. Roper, r the commissioner of internal rev- t enue of the United States Treasury t department, a new process has been perfected for obtaining glycerine from e sugar and sweets. The experiments c on which the report has been filed 1 were made under the supervision of c the chief chemist of the department, 1 A. B. Adams, a member of the American chemical society.' * When Dr. Alonzo Taylor was in Ger- v many about two years ago he found j that the Teutons had run short of t fats from which glycerine is usually v made and had raided the sugar bowl e It was on this Information that a spe- a cial laboratory was established in the C United States treasury and several ex* pert*, 'ncluding John R. Eofif, W. E. c Lindner end B. P. Beyer began the r researches into this method of obtain- r ing gly< eriiiC i Pasteur tnq noted French chemist, t had years' before discovered that a t small quaaiity of glycerine developed in the ;crmentation of sugar and that t it was traceable in wine and beer. S The chemist, therefore, fermented 1 sugars and molasses with yeast and from the mash thus obtained pro- n duced the glycerine. The wave of v promo lion wmcn is auuui to owwp the country will not stop the dlstllla- r tlon o; alcohol for industrial and me- a chanlcj.l purposes and for fuel. There * will pr bably be more alcohol distilled c then ever before, but it will be dena- r tured and made absolutely unfit for c drink! eg purposes. The manufactur- a ng c> eriists of the United States are ? ;>rcpf.i'ngs none the less to produce it c on a larger scale than ever before, C subject to the supervision of the de- o partmoot of internal revenue. Several large concerns are making alcohol f Dm cheap molasses brought t rom the Vest Indies. This ihofasses, t .vhich is uneatable is known as "black n ..trap." The treasury department of he internal revenue chemists bave r been able, however, to ferment it and n. Four lots of "black strap" of 1,000 t flpftllrt?e no< ?V* onh^notn/1 in thft nAW c fianvuo ?nvu| ou wjvvvvm Ww ?..w ?? process turned out a very excellent li juantity of glycerine. There are 100 f gallons of this clear dynamite gly- v cerine as it is called, now on exhibi- tion in the treasury department, c Samples of it treated with nitric acid 'I by a well-known firm of explosive <3 makers at the request of the government, produced as good a nltrogly- * :crinc as the market affords. Nitroglycerine, when incorporated ? with i>ulp or other Inert substances, t becomes dynamite. Thus out of the ' simple sweets of the sugar bowl comes c forth the strength which will rend F the rock. Now that the war is over the de- \ mand for high explosives will not be so great, but at the same time there q are many uses to which it can be t turned in times of peace. It is es- I pecially valuable for blowing up heavy s and clavy soils which would ordi- t narily resist the plow of the farmer. y Excellent crops are produced from land treated in this way and general i shaking up is conducive of the better c r\t thn nitHfvine' bacteria in the ' ground. B . I: Lager Beer Manufacturers Will Fight c the Law. The Lager Beer Manufac- a turers board of New York, represent- t ing forty-two brewing concerns in New C York and New Jersey, have announced r that on advice of counsel its members '] would resume at once sale of beer con- n taining 2 3-4 per cent alcoholic content. A This was forbidden by a ruling of the t internal revenue department which in- v terpreted President Wilson's proclama- c tion effective December 1 last. c Upon representation by the board to o Elihu Root and William D. Guthrie, counsel for the organization, that beer s of the alcoholic strength specified was E not intoxicating, the attorneys advised " the organization that sale of the 2 3-4 II per cent product would not be contrary t to law- r The opinion held that the internal ? revenue department had acted without authority in decreeing that sale of beer containing more than one-half of one a per cent of alcohol was contrary to the t president's proclamation forbidding the v use of foodstufTs in brewed products a except those which were non-intoxlcat- t ing. v The brewer's action, anticipating en- 1: forcement on May 1 of the regulation limiting use of cereals to "non-lntoxi- b cants" containing one-half of one per ~ cent alcohol, was taken under the in- < ternal revenue ruling permitting until that date, manufacture of 2 3-4 per o cent beer, but requiring the product to ?i be de-alcoholized to one-half of one ' per cent before being shipped for sale *' from the breweries. As the brewers n have been making a 2 3-4 per cent n brew since January 30, when the presl dent Issued a proclamation permuting. o the production of "near beer," no | change in manufacturing methods will 3 be necessary, It was stated, to carry * out the plan decided upon. v Assuming that the government "may 1 summarily attempt to enforce the revenue department's interpretation, Mes- t srs. Root and Guthrles advised the 4 brewers In this event that suit in equl- v ty be brought to "enjoin any wrongful I ' interference with your business or ar- T rest of your employes." t _ V Agreeable Coincidence. Creditor t You couldn't ride around In your fine f automobile if you paid your honest ^ debts. I Debtor That's so. I'm glad you n look at it in the same light that I do. i r Boston Transcript. s FAMOUS PAUCE OF EDGMONT i t Will Probably Be Tbe Dome ol The League oi Nations ! DENTIFIED WITH TRAGIC HISTORY < Records of the Past Recalled in a Manner that Furniehes Interesting Information to Those Who Are Watch- i ing Present Events. * "The proposal under consideration!* >y Brussels that the historic Egmont 8 Jalace be offered as the permanent ? lome of the league of nations recalls ; he career of that gallant and Ill-fated 1 ?ount Egmont, once its occupant, who c vas a conspicuous figure in the sor owful days of the Spanish Inquisiion," says a bulletin Just Issued by 1 he National Geographic Society. "Egrmont'a name is inextricably linkid with two other heroes of those dark lays of the Netherlands, which then ncluded Belgium the noble William >f Nassau, prince of Orange, and the >lunt Count Horn. "Egrmont's brilliant victories in the var between Spain and France made lim a national hero, but aroused the ealousy of the duke of Alva. Unletered but of noble birth, Egmont unvittlngly made another dangerous enimy in the learned, but lowly bora md sycophantic bishop of Arras, later Cardinal Granvelle. "It was while the duchess of Parma, iften called 'the man in petticoats' nore for her mustache, gout,and horsemanship than for any masculine qualtles of statesmanship, was regent of he Netherlands that the cruel, fanainal Philip II of Spain instigated the .holesale burning, strangling, and >urylng alive of heretics in his North lea domain. This pleasant lady, inidentally, was married to her first usband when she was twelve years >ld, but only obtained a second by /edding a youngster of thirteen. "Peter Titelman already had been nangllng and strangling persons he uspected of heresy, tearing out the ongues of some and roasting others iver a slow fire; and a sort of infornal 'union' of executioners had adoptd fixed rates for torturing, burning, nH Hmnrninr victims, when Eamont. long with Count Horn and the prince 1 if Orange wrote a joint protest to s Cardinal Granvelle. This gave the duke I f Alva a pretext to advise Philip ta c et rid of all three. * "Brussels merchants of the sixteen- 1 h century lived in luxury anil enter- ' ained sumptuously. Si dUi the noble- ( aen. As a slight economy to meet the c ising cost of living the prince of ^ )range, upon one occasion, dismissed 8 8 of his expert cooks. At a dinner " arty where etfne flowed freely the. ' OfBesMMP *Nb muds-ths^dMe-* be * hrown to choose a man who would 8 It out his servants in livery to buresque the detested cardinal. The un- * ortunate Egmont was selected. Soon f ils retainers appeared in coarse gar- t nents of gray, wearing a fool's-cap 1 in their sleeves. Hence the famous 1 Fool's-cap livery' which nobles soon t lonned. 1 "Philip was compelled to remove the < ardinal. A trip was the pretext for I Is going. Brussels citizens dlsp'ay- 1 f d a wit similar to that with which J he Belgians annoyed the slow-witted i '.orman garrisons in 1915, by putting i m the Cardinal's palace a sign, 'For t ?ale Immediately.' f "Against William's advice Egmont 1 eas sent on a mission to Spain to >rotest against the frightful violence, i ."he simple-minded envoy waa dazzled < >y the rosy assurance of the crafty 'hllip and returned proudly bearing t ealed instructions which turned out i o be the orders for even more drastic )ersecutions. e "Egmont was at the wedding of Al- 1 xander, princo of Parma, when a c ovenant, also disapproved by Wll- i iam, was made in further protest s tgainst the 'barbarous and violent i nqu'sition.' During a subsequent dis- ( usslon of a petition to the duchess to c end another envoy to Spain the pe- s itioners were referred to as beggars, j 'ount Brederode, the Patrick Henry t T that period, sounded the slogan, e Long live the beggars.' Again Eg- t nont appeared inopportunely and, with Villiam and Horn, had to drink the < oast which became a revolutionary c rar cry and suggested the distinctive c ostumes which fastened upon the onfederates their historical nickname e f 'the beggars.' a "The clear thinking Prince William ^ aw the time for resistance had come, j Jgmont, Horn and others persisted in eeking surcease from Philip. Wil- f lam left the Netherlands, returning ? o fight gloriously another day. Eg- a nont stayed and his sincere, but mis- v uided, loyalty cost him his head. "When the duke of Alva was dis- t etched to the Netherlands with an 1 .rmed force and with the muskets e hat then were a novelty Egmont was r .-arned to flee. Letters from Phil'p nd presents from Alva again tricked c he soldiers. Horn and others also r /ere duped. Egmont received his ' ist warning from a son of the duke, f t home he was dining. But ie persisted in his blind trust, ac- ] ^pted an invitation to Alva's house, i nd was tnrown in prtauii. v Meanwhile the Infamous Council f Blood had been set up. Vargas was oking about the wholesale butcheries, v he dropsical Hessels was snoring at t he trials, occasionally aroused by a n ludge from an attendant and crying n icchanically, 'To the Gibbet', and n-ing off again, while th^. ingenuity t f Alva's parasites had devised the ex- s M<-ite torture of putting victims' ton- t lies through rings, then scorching f 'em, and counseling them not to talk t'ith friends while they awaited the n '-er-worked executioners. li "The most atrocious of all Inquisi- > ion decrees, practically condemning r hree million Netherlanders to death, ras issued Feb. 16, 1568. Five months iter Egmont was led to the spacious v Brussels Square, the morning after ? - *i,ra >,a^ nromised his | r ho flUKe ui **. >*? ,? Aopfncr wife he would be freed. Amid housands of Spanish troops assembled g or this Inquisition ho'iday, Eprmont j ?nid for his lovalty by walking calmy to the platform, reciting: a Psalm, j nd, as he knelt down to pray, an exe- v ut'oner struck off his head with a i ingle swift stroke. a "Count Horn's execution followed, rhe heads of the two nobles were nounted on spears for the crowd to lee. When the soldiers went away :he citizens dipped their handkerchiefs n the blood to be kept as tokens of ,-engeance." ABOUT SLEEPING 8ICKNE88. States Health Office Gives 8ome In* teresting Information. Without attempting to overcome the ncorrect Impression created by the msty naming of the malady, the state lealth officer announces the appearmce in South Carolina of "sleeping ilckness." Technically, the disease la vhlch, freely, defined means In flam ma* | ion of the brain associated wllh ?. lrowsiness or stupor. * As a recognized disease It is new in 3/\i? + V> Pomllno a?t/i InH aaA 0 h **/mi wV\Aiit jvuwii ^cu viiiia, cuiu iuuvvu uiivu|uvuii he United States. This (act together vith the lack of exact knowledge as to ts cause and treatment surrounds it vlth an aura of dread and apprehen- , ilon. Clinically it has been carefully described and Its outstanding charactersties render it more or less easy of -ecognltion. The purpose of this dis:ussion is to provide the public with uithorlative Information so that clear :ut cases may be recognized and reported and to prevent undue and unnecessary concern in the instance of :ases of illness which are clinically inrelated. Recognized authorities agree that ethargic encephalitis is an acute, epilemlc affection, due to a special virus >r body poison which attacks speclfl:ally the nervous system. It is _a reneral Infectious disease, the sympome of which originate In the brain Issue and is characterized by stupor >r mental dullness and desire for ileep, certain localized paralyses and 'ever. . * That the disease is epidemic Is evl lenced by the appearance or a num>er of cases In a#glven locality (Engand, Italy, Hungary). To what extent he population of a community 1a sua eptlble and to what degree the i>olaon >f the disease Is Infectious can not be sstimated at this time. That It does lot spread rapidly nor does It attack i large number of the population at >ne time is well established In the rovernment report of the epidemic in England in 1918. If it Is caused by a ipeciflc virus It is reasonable to sup>ose that it may be spread as a result if contact between persons so lnected and other healthy but susceplble Individuals. For this reason the ndivldual must assume every precaulon and avoid all unnecessary intercourse with persons suffering with a llsease condition characterised by itupor but the public mind should not rive way to unrestrained apprehenilon on the More that a new aad myserfcroe "ptdffaMs about MftifflOp the itate. Case histories have not established i conclusive connection or relatlonihlp between "epidemic coma" and inluenza. A number of persons who had ? " iikauinontlv dAVPlnmd UUUOUMb UATQ duvbvHWVM?.^ -w :he disease but It la illogical to atribute every abnormel phyalcal ma.nlestation to the much maligned In flujnza. Certain of the quarter-million leople In South Carolina who had inluen7a between September and Febuiry have since suffered broken bones ind others have been In automobile vrecks. Influenza has not been cited is a contributory factor. To date only our cases of "sleeping sickness" have >een reported. Following Is a report of a case vhich gave no history of Influenza or >f any other disease in recent years. At the request of a prominent physi:lan In Latta, S. C., a suspected case vas Investigated on March 18, 1818. The patient, a woman 58 years of ige, first complained on Wednesday, Harch 12, that she felt stupid and Irowsy and her eyes "burned." Durng this and the following day her dei're for sleep Increased and bodily veakness was a prominent symptom, in the third day of her Illness she was compelled to take to her bed and sub lequentiy ner conmuun nu m?.vun >rogressiveIy worse. When first seen >y her physician her temperature was ilightly elevated and each day has >een higher. On Tuesday. March 18, 1919, this :ase was seen by the state health oflier and the writer. The following was bserved: The patient, with features drawn md expressionless, lay fully extended ind as motionless as if in a deep sleep. The slow, noisy respiration made the >lcture of sleep more real . Persistent questioning elicited colerent replies which dispelled the illuilon of true sleep but the soft halting lyllables seemed to indicate a great vearinesa, both mental and physical. The upper limbs lay quietly with he forearms crossed over the body, rhe lower extremities were rigidly ixtended and fixed as if by unusual nuscular effort. There was no indication of pain nor ?f bodily desire and neither nourish nent nor water was taken except "hon urged Insistently by thewatchul attendants. Respiration was slow and somewhat abored. At times the effort seemed ilmost too great and for several sec?nds would cease altogether . For an Inspection of this case It ould seem that a fatal termination i'ould be only a matter of hours but In his disease a prognosis ran not be made with certainty. The official recrds show that the prognosis as a rule 3 better than the alarming state of he patient In the fully developed tage would suggest. The duration of he stupor Is variable and may last rom a few days to several weeks. The authority for certain statements in this discussion Is contalnted n an article presented In Volume S4, Jo. 8 of the Weekly Public Health Retorts of the U. S. P. H. S. Preparing for Jack.. Mr. Simpeon's oice rumbled through the house. Mary, here's the baker. How many oaves? Two, as usual?" "Two loaves, indeed," replied Mrs. limpson. "Have you forgotten that ack Is coming home on leave today?" "Of course!" said Mr. Simpson, as te suddenly remembered his sailor son ras coming home. "Here, Mr. Baker, lack your cart up against this door Ad tip her up." Tit-Bits.