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v; * - m f. _ * . . .. a ^i^ ^ * tea *** ? MM ^ ^^^^^I^P^EP^SgBII-WEEgX.Y._ < l m grist's sons, pubuahers. f ' & 4amil2 JjMrajajtit: ^or thi; promotion of (hi; political, facial, ggriijultiirat and (Commercial Jnteresfs of th* geojl^. j TER?t^^op^E*iTcNMr.?ANCI Established 185,5 YORK. 8. C. ^RIDAY. MARCH 14, 1919. MQ.2~i" IN WAR TORN EUROPE Things That Have Impressed Noted Managing Editor TAKES IN MUCH DF THE HELD k How the Various Peoples Feel and What They are Doing Great Britain and France Will Get Much That They Want Americans Watching Proceedings With Interest. In last Sunday's issue of the New 1 York World there is a page ot no'.es J ana impressions oy unaries m. i.incoln, managing euitor oi the Mew York ' World, who has been in 1? ranee and the J American-occupied portion of Germany ' since the beginning of the peace conference. Most of these things deal ' with things the reader wants to know . and are therefore interesting. Extracts ' follow: Paris is rapidly progressing toward ( its pre-war life and conditions and in 1 the process the city is last losing in- ( terest in the peace conference, in the 1 early uays the gatherings at the Qua) d'Orsay were the outstanuing features 1 of the daily life of the French capi- 1 h tal. The French political and pro- c fessionai interest is as keen as ever, e for this element knows what it wants r and is fighting hard every minute to * get It, but the great mass of people v are happy in absorption in their individual afrairs. There is a well-de- r fined conviction that France and Great *" Britain will get results from the con- 3 ference that will be satisfactory to ? them. * . ? ' The estimate of $5,000,000 as the to- e tal expense of the United States dele- ^ gut ion will, perhaps, not seem so very excessive when consideration is given to the facts that the nation's organi- " zation for the great work is very nearly as large as that of the British, and 1 the British delegation numbers 1,000. A substantial percentage of the American personnel is composed of experts, who are supposed to be learned in the many phases of the manifold proposi- L tions with which the delegation concerns itself. The Hotel Crillon, the delegation's home, is entirely under c the conduct of the American govern- 1 ment. There are about 200 army and a navy officers constantly on duty at the ' hotel. The American commissioners c go about Paris much more freely than c do the delegates from the other coun- * tries. Outside the room in which the c conferences are held the delegations k -v have no common meeting ground, and 1 while many unofficial meetings take c place between a few of the "big men" of tiie delegation, in the quiet of their 3 own apartments, there is practically 1 delegations. a i The desire of the French for the reincorporation in French Lorraine of the c Valley of the Sarre Is natural. The Sarre valley was included by the treaty of Paris in 1814 in French Lor- ' raine, but after the hundred days it i was handed over to Prussia by the ? r second treaty of Paris in 1815. In 1913, * * m A' ? ? in Fl>QnOO I the year Deiore me wui uc6au, consumed 65,000,000 tons of coal, of 1 which 25,000,000 tons were imported, i Unless the French coal supply is in- i creased France will remain to a great r extent at the mercy of German coal pro- ' ducers. The Sarre coal fields have an i area of 3S0.000 acres. i Official France is most insistent up- 1 on the granting of at least enough of t its claims to insure it against the Ger- ' many of the future. It sees a Ger- 1 many a generation hence, after the < present chaos shall have disappeared, of more than 100,000,000. This is easily possible by the gravitation into i a common union of the Germans of j , the present German Austria, Ger- i man Bohemia, the German Tyrol and 1 western Hungary and if the birth rate percentages of the two races shall 1 continue for the next twenty year* about as they have run for the last twenty years there will be growing 1 cause for French apprehension unlessthe menace is put under thorough control. The expense of mere living in Paris i to day is far in excess of that tf any other city in the world. It is the old 1 law of supply and demand. Many ho- i tels have long been in the government 1 service. Many others have been taken i g over bodily by the peace commissioners " of the various powers. The result is that with the number of comers to Paris increasing daily the rentals of apartments are already in the clouds and no limit in sight. A little Harlem g flat of four or five rooms would command from $2,000 to $3,000 in Paris. There is an abundance of food. Paris, in fact, has gone through the war in this respect very much better than London. There are very few scarcities except sugar and butter. Fruits are very expensive, apples and pears $1 each, for illustration. But in all the first class restaurants nearly all of their famous pre-war creations ar< still available. The volume of foreign money, as represented by officers and soldiers on leave, or passing through, has naturally had its effect and the price of a good dinner has soared. These are certainly heavenly days for the hotel man and restaurateurs of the French capital. This is no time for "seeing France." Travelling is attended by every inconvenience imaginable. One who essays |N a journey across France may count himself fortunate, if, in spots, he is ohio to find a place to sleep on a floor. And when daylight comes he is quite likely to find a high officer of the Allies as his nearest floor companion. Train sendees are demoralized. Nineteen hours from Metz to Paris is t an example. Extended motoring calls for supplies of gasoline almost out of the question except for official purposes. Passport regulations are still in full effect and will be for a long time. Steamship sailings from the oth00 er side are about as reliable as April weather. And he is a sensible man who. if obliged to go to Europe at I present, "travels light." France does ' not want sightseeing crowds just yet. j XShe is not ready to see them. Only for government purposes or with real business reasons should men and women go to France for many months to com*. The battlefields are already beln^ * "mopped up" their surfaces are being cleaned and everything actually everything in the way of metal, wood, rubber, leather, &c., is being retrieved. 1 Americans are helping in this lmpor- 1 tant work, the 52d Regiment "Pioneers," Col. R. L. Foster of New York city commanding, being among them. ; Huge piles of all kinds of material ; gathered from the waste and wreck of|( the war line the roads that skirt or '' run through the battlefields. For a century to come the cultivation and upturning of the soil will yield a steady ! harvest in the 'relic" line, but long before the organized armies of tourists ire turned loose everything in the way pf visible relics will have disappeared, rhis is not to say, however, that the lay of souvenirs is drawing to a close rhere will be thriving trade for a long :ime the demand will be supplied! While Wilson, Lloyd George and 21emenceau are the present outstandng figures at the conference, there are >thers that have either made an impression or are to be reckoned with, k'enizelos of Greece is distinctly of a nentality not to be confined within he boundaries of his country. Sazon>flf, from Russia, is probably the wise- a :st man from eastern Europe; Son- 0 lino of Italy, a determined man from * vhom little has beer, heard thus far, q vill undoubtedly make as strong a 0 ight for Italy's claim as any man could * nake. Jonescu of Roumania, is anoth- 0 r interesting figure. On his recent 1 arrival in fans ne suDmuted ror con- ^ ideration a proposition calling for he amalgamation into one naion of all the Balkan states, his argument being that if such a nation I ould be established and supported t would form a solid bloc to offset in ioutheastern Europe possible en- t roachments a generation hence by the g reutonic bloc of central Europe. c iughes of Australia is an outspoken * nan who has not hesitated to give his pinions. There is little of the diplo- f nat about Hughes. He seems to be a itrongly in favor of."open covenants t penly arrived at." t o The daily cost to the United States 0 >f its army of occupation in the Rhine >rovinces is approximately $1,000,000 f i day for pay and subsistence. The n tern of pay is said to be about $725,- n 00 a day on the average, and the cost n f subsistence around $300,000. These t igures are based on a force of 450,000 t dicers and men. They do not take in j, he cost of subsisting animals, main- q aining motor cars, motor trucks, and j ther necessary equipment. The total ^ ost is around SI.500.000 a dav. on an Lverage. The figures are being kept e n France, to the last detail, and when ^ u- responsible ^overament shall have > irisen in Germany and the army with- q lrawn, the United States bill for it ill will be included in the final reck ning. . . . t Coblenz, a city of about 50,000, is 1 tearly as lively and as busy as it was a n pre-war days. If one is in a hurry * t is necessary, often, to leave the side- 8 valks and take to the streets because c he evening crowds are often of a New r fork density. It was rather surprls- f ng to find cafes open until midnight r ind to hear the productions of Sousa ' ind Cohan on the Rhine's banks. 1 rhere are very few food restrictions r ind prices are reasonable. There Is 0 io butter, but there is sugar in plenty. Linen has long since disappeared from * he hotels, enormous counterpanes a serving the chambers as sheets for the r aeds and counterpanes also serve as ; owels for the bath rooms. 1 r Germany has been conquered but 1 not the German. He is in no way penitent. His chin is still up. As a c rule the average German is not look- 1 ng ahead. He is doing what he can vith each day as it comes in his customary methodic?1 way, and thinking t ,o litllo a? rwncslhle ahnut what next t week or next month may bring. And t tie is taking his regular pleasures as he goes along. i * I American officers will tell you, and * lot in a boastful way, that there is 1 not bronze enough in France to pro- ' ide. war decorations for the dough- * hoys who really merit them. That is the one thing you hear from the At- ' lantic to the Rhine the story of our 1 doughboys and their platoon leaders 1 the first and second lieutenants. There 1 were many mistakes made "higher ip," naturally, in the confusion of our tnripe effort, but the army proper, the ' fighting men, was "all there" as the hoys say. A major general said to me: "Mistakes were made. I made ' mistakes. This was because of the way ' we had to rush things. Rut with the way in which we were coming along. ( f really believe we could have gone ' right across Europe in 1919/ 1 It Is candidly acknowledged that 'treat Brita'n, meaning in this instance England, led all other nations by a wide margin in the air during the war. In machines and men Englan as first. Through a policy all her own England kept the deeds of her airaen to herself and only a very few of n ,r great aerial fighting men have he- 1 come known to the world, even bv name. The ordinary German helmet has 'inite lost its value as a souvenir. There emain, however, the Lueger pistol, the nwtooth bayonet, the especial German helmet reserved for the triumphal entry into Paris, and others. The Burger pistol is probably the best small arm for war use yet devised. It is carried in a holster which Is mountwhioh is strnnned to the * U VII1 c*. i/vui V* ?? a-M leg. It is about ten inches long, of a wonderful balance and with unusual range. The sawtooth bayonet is not a myth many of our officers and men have them. * One of the German war novelties in the conflict's closing days was a phosphorescent sight for rifles, for night firing. By means of this clever device the German infantryman could regulate the elevation or depression of his weapon. And the phosphorus in the sight was so arranged that it was only 11 visible to the rifleman. 1 yA.ll the eities of France are rich In I war trophies. At present the entire I Palace de la Concorde, in Paris, is completely surroiinded by captured German cannon, except at its entrances. A double row of German guns, running as high as the 155m., extends around the famous square, and the Champs Ely sees is decorated with cannon close together, on either side nearly to the Kond Point. Again at Lhe Arc de Triomphe one comes upon 1 striking exhibition. The circle has i double row of captured German guns, an their wheel mountings, extending ill the way around. It i3 interesting in these days of airships with a wing spread of 100 feet >r more, to gaze upon, the great .luynemcr's little machine In the courtyard of the Invalides. It is actually than thlrtv feet from tiD to tip. it is a machine that must have been jractically invisible at a distance of i few thousand feet. Yet with this iny instrument Guynemcr brought lown more than twenty German >lanes. The machine will ever remain >ne of the most treasured relics of the nvalides. There is silence for the most part, >etween the French and the inhablants of the German cities and towns n which they are billeted. Between Koblenz and Mayence there are half l dozen cities and towns on the banks if the Rhine which teem with French roops. The French are there as con[uerors and the Germans keep indoors >r to themselves as much as possible. >\>r one German to be seen in a street, irdinarily, one sees ten Frenchmen, loth elements are careful, but the yes tell much. UNREST OF THE NEGROES. investigation of Recent Widespread Immigration Movement. Investigations of negro migration to he north during the war, according to , report just issued by the United States department of labor, indicate hat the total migration may have been s great as 350,000, extending over a teriod of about 18 months during 1916 .nd 1917. That figure was fixed as he maximum limit, and 150,000 as he minimum limit, and the estimate , f James D. Dillard, who had charge f Via Innlilrv 200 000 The movement had been under way or a Ions time before any effort was nade to determine the number oi legsoes moving north. Moreover, so nany left separately and unobserved hat complete statistics would have ieen - impracticable. The investigator n Georgia estimates that between 35,00 and 45,0cO negroes left that state in 916-17, and the number to leave Alaiama during the same time is estilated at 75,000. State officials, howver, made higher estimates, placing he number to leave Georgia at 50,000, J Jabama 90,000 and Mississippi i0(3,-~ ^ 00. Lack of Labor is a Cause. ] Lack of labor in the north due to he cessation of immigration, was the 1 irincipal cause, the investigators 1 .gree. Among the causes operative in 1 he south to induce migration were i ;eneral dissatisfaction with conditions, 1 hange of crop system, low wages, 1 >oor housing, poor schools, unsatis- 1 actory crop settlements, rough treat- ' nent. cruelty of the law officers, un airnrss in court procedure, lynchings, 1 (esire to travel, labor agents, aid from I legroes in the north, and the influence 1 if the negro press. ' The movement of large numbers at < he same time was due largely to labor i igents, but after these initial* group I novements negroes kept going north < n small numbers, attracted by the let- ' ors from their friends who had al- 1 eady gone. Better wages were im- ? lortant. "Every negro who made 1 ood in the north, started a new group t in the way," one of the Investigators 1 eported. < Community Congress Plan. About half the migrants, according ' i vi'Avtt fi*Am Vin 1 O one llivcsugaiui, ncuv tiviu kHK owns. Another investigator found hat the countries in the Black Belt of \labama which had suffered most vere those in which there was most poverty among the negroes, and that he shortage of labor was most acute imong the landowners who made no ' ittempt to keep their negro tenants >y providing for their subsistence. One of the promising movements to mprove relations between white people and negroes in the south and thus ' remove causes of the migration appears to be the "community congress" lan, put under way in Bolivar county. 1 Mississippi. The feature of this plan s a committee organization including orominent white business men and agriculturists, and prominent negroes, n each county. Committees are chosen from the main body to consider special subjects for example, there is a committee on labor supply. This typo >f organization is interesting in em hasizing the common interest of the races in community development, and n providing contact between racial eaders in ways designed to promote ' armony, prosperity, and good will. Bureaux on Negro Affairs. Bureaux on negro affairs as adjuncts (o chambers of commerce are also highly recommended, as means of bringing together desirable negro tennits and white landlords and planters. Frequent and confidential conferences uj>on community problems, and active co-operation between the local leaders of the races are urged as important measures toward betterment. Better housing is recommended, both for north and south. The necessity of higher wages, better homes and better surroundings in the south has ~ cr>nprnllv reeoeriized. Luaic tv o w-_ "Fair treatment, opportunity to labor and enjoy the legitimate fruits of labor. assurance of even-handed justice in the courts, good educational facilities, tolerance and sympathy," are urged by the southern university commission on race relations as a means of keeping negro labor in the south. Mama's Boy. Fifi "You seem to find a lot of difficulty in getting your whiskers to grow, Algy!" Algy "Yes; it's a bally nuisance. Can't understand why, either; my father has plenty of 'em." Fifi "Well, dear, perhaps you take after your mother!" The Passing Show. t FUTURE OF COTTON Senator McLaurln Writes About the Situation m THE PRODUCER SHOULD HOLD it la Inevitable That Prices Shall Rise as Soon as European Conditions are Readjusted, and Somebody. Either the Producer or the Middleman Stands to Make Money Out of the Present Crop. The following letter from Hon. John Li. McLaurin to Mr. J. S. Wannamaker, president of the South Carolina Cotton association, will be read with peculiar interest at this time: Dear Sir: I have yours of the 7th, requesting me to prepare for publication an article on the cotton situation. You are doing a splendid work and I consider it an honor and a privilege to contribute to its success. Cotton could take care of itself if given a fair chance, but It has been unable to withstand the juggling of New York gamblers, and the carefully concocted propaganda of pessimism with which they have flooded the ' south- They have forced contracts on the exchange Ave cents a pound under spots in order to discourage weak holders. When congress speciflcally forbade the dishonest fulfillment of these con- ] tracts by the delivery of unmerchanta- i ble cotton they seem about to nullify the enactment of congress by the rul- i Ing of a bureau chief in Washington, i [ quote from the New York Commercial of the 8th, as follows: "The fortunate position of the mar- i ket proves the salvation of the shorts, is it was considered doubtful if they . would have been allowed to cover ex- 1 cept at sensational losses." In other words market manipulators ; ire protected through the bureau in , Washington in their paper profits at , the expense of the holders of actual , cotton. Mr. Wannamaker, if you can , get Senator Smith in behind this rot- j ten proposition, the price of cotton wui idvance immediately, we won't have to ] tvait for acreage reduction. , If the shorts are permitted to escape, the buying power will be gone from i the market, and nothing but the abso- , lute certainty of a holding movement 1 coupled with acreage reduction can tielp weak holders. Unfortunately our Qanking machinery is not adapted to . holding the surplus of this crop and , Snance the new crop. These things , the gamblers know as well as we do , md expect to buy the low grades and ( hold for a long profit so as to make , lust such another situation as in 1914. 1 What About Cotton Seed. ( Does the government mean that we , jxa .to .hold, the bag on every proposi- . tion? Our share of the bonus to the j western farmers will be about one hundred and thirty million dollars. What is going to become of our cot- . Ion seed? We complied patriotically with the request of the fQod adminis- , tration not to rush our seed on the market and now there is no market. ( in the beginning Washington fixed a wagon and a car price. The mills were to take wagon seed at >69 per :on and car seed at >82 per ton. *" * * -A ? n moo nnt lone vvnai nappeucu i iv ..- , before the mills set up a howl and the , price was cut $1 per ton. This failed , to satisfy the mills, although they had ( Deen, allowed a spread sufficient to cov- , ?r the car price and the freight. They | soon refused to handle car seed, claim- , ing they had plenty of seed from their 1 jwn ginneries. They saved $3 per ton i by forcing farmers to haul by the wagon sometimes twenty miles to the ( bil mill- They saved an average of J 2 per ton in freight and $1 in labor get- < ting the seed for $6 less per ton than . the price fixed by the food adminlstrator. They have it now so arranged ; that if there is a loss it will fall upon 1 the farmer. The government has al- , ready agreed to take the linters at war prices on all except the seed in the hands of the farmers. The stabilized price for meal and oil are to be held until it can be disposed of and when this is done, the restrictions will be removed leaving the seed in the hands of the farmer to bear the entire loss. It looks to me as if the farmers of the south have had few friends in Washington with the ability and willingness to secure a square deal from the various price-fixing boards. The dollar-aday patriots in Washington have certainly given it to us where the chicken got the axe. The next sixty days is a critical time, if a man can carry his cotton it will increase in value. If he is squeezed out, then the middle man reaps the profits. An Error of Prosperity. It is impossible for the price of pro- , ducts to be permanently lowered for jears to come. It is vain to attempt the restoration of pre-war prices. Aside from the scarcity of products and the demands of labor, the financial situation has forced and will con- i tir.ue to maintain inflated prices. ? ty reason of the position of Amerl- J ca the surplus gold of the world is ( here. It will remain here for many i years. The nations must come to us for raw material and their gold will : flow in until they have products to sell i in excess of what they buy- Prices cannot fall until Europe has a surplus manufactured with cheap labor to undersell us in our own market. I defy any man to demonstrate how this can happen in the near future. In addition to this in the first two years of the war we bought back in high priced products four billion dol lars of American securities held abroad. The gold that in 1913 went abroad to pay dividends on these securities must therefore remain here. Furthermore, Europe now owes us eigni ana one-nan umiun uuimis aim the interest on this vast sum must come here. We are flooded with gold and- so how can prices go down with such a vast expansion of credit as must come from the control of the gold supply of the world. This expansion of credit will begin when the treaty of peace is signed, the embargo lifted and trade resumed. There is a great opportunity in manufacturing, an op-j portunity so great that the mind can!, hardly visualize the possibilities. For- j ty per cent of the spindles of the world have been idle while men devoted themselves to war. Those In operation have been consuming quantities of cotton for war purposes which is valueless now. The shortage of cotton and clothes in Europe is so great that we overlook the shortage at home. The manufacture of goods for civilian use in the United States in 1917 and 1918 is only 40 per cent of what it was in 1914. Our mills went on war goods to the extent of their capacity, the dry goods stores are understocked, the mills are running half time and everybody waiting for something to happen. It is going to happen and this domestic shortage must be made up, hence in, calculating domestic consumption, you must allow for forty per cent under consumption. If the acreage is cut as I confidently expect it to be, the price of cotton will advance to a point where prniBiimntlnn will ho romilotoH tn moot the size of the crop. The mills here by waiting1 to replenish their stock, will find European manufacturers running the pilces up to clothe a people who have been denied raiment for five years. Yours very truly, . Jno- L. McLaurin. ANTI-FLIRTING LAW. About Representative Hart's Bill to Make Boys Behave. Ye lads of Anderson and those of other towns, if ye have been guilty of attempting to flirt with any of those beautiful young ladies of A. C., and if you are half a lad and have seen 'em you couldn't help it, cut it out! If you have been guilty and some of you have you know it, why it has all been on your part. No A. C. girl would flirt Neither would a Winthrop girl or a Chicora dream or a Converse miss or one of those A. R. P. ladies down at Due West. Nor would any of the girls who attend the other colleges be guilty even to the millionth of a degree. But vou Anderson boys well, boys will be boys! You know you have driven your cars up Greenville street, driving sorter slow like, your eyes to the right on an autumn's evening when the aforesaid eyes should have been straight ahead of you, less you should run the machine into a street car. or Into Borne other car whose driver might not have his mind on his own business, either. You know you have, now, haven't you? Better watch your step now, tor be It hereby known to you that Representative John Hart who lives in the town of Yorkville, In the county of York, has introduced a bill. John Hart knows boys, because John Hart was once a boy himself, and is still somewhat of a boy, although along with that, he is a mighty fine man and \ mighty good lawyer and an able-legIs'ator. Winthrop College is located in the county from which Representative Hart legislates, and Winthrop College has had a lot of trouble in the past from young men "flirting" or rtfefccr trying to flirt, with the young ladies who go to Winthrop. Knowing that if the young men over in York would try to "flirt" with the girls at Winthrop that the young men in Anderson would try the same at A. C., ind that young men in any town where there is a girls' college would try the same stunt more or less, the Honorable John calculated to put a stop to all of it at oncc. He introduced a bill In the house recently providing that a penalty in the shape of a fine ranging from $10 to $100 be imposed upon any person convicted of "flirting" with the college girls. The only objection to the bill is that the penalty is not severe enough, because the writer knows at least one roung man who would contribute a ten spot to the state any day in the week and Sunday too, for the privilege 3f flirting with certain college girls? that is if they would flirt! But you Anderson boys are warned igaln?b-e-w-a-r-e! For the senate has passed this bill for the protection of schools and colleges and it is now ready for ratification as law. The following is the wording of the bill: "Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state of South Carolina: "Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person wilfully or unnecessarily to interfere with or to disturb in any way or in any place the students or teachers of any school or college n this state attended by women or girls or to loiter about such school or college premises or to act in an obnoxious manner thereon, or for any person to enter upon any such school or college premises, except on business, without the permission of the principal or president in charge. "Section 2. Any person violating iny of the provisions of Section 1 of (his act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall pay a fine of not less than ten dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail for not less than ten days nor more than thirty .lays." Anderson Tribune. Germany to Leave Labor Regulation to Workers. By a law to be passed immediately the powers and duties of the wor kmen's councils which the govprment promised to create as a means of putting a stop to the strikes would 1 e defined. These couneils will be the economic representatives of the workmen. Each industry which shall be onsulted as to working conditions in ?V cases while workmen's associations w<il be created for the control and regulation of production and distribution on hmnchM of industry and trade. The members will be factory leaders, workers and employees, co-operating with the employers. District workmen's council chambers will be created for certain sections of the country and a central workmen's council for the empire. The members will be workmen of all sorts. Kmployers' counc'ls will assist in the process of socialization and control of the socialized plants and industries. All "eonomic and social legislation must be submitted to them for appfoval and they will have the right to propose such legislation to the government. Disposition of American Merchant Ships. The Havas agency's report on Saturday's meeting of the supreme war council says: "The greater part of the session was devoted to the discussion of the situation created by the interruption of the Spa negotiations. It was decided to notify Germany that she must execute the conditions of article 8 of the supplementary armistice signed at Treves on January 16 which stipulated that in order to Insure the provisioning of Germany and the remainder of Europe, Germanv must place her merchant fleet under the control of the Allied associated powers for the period of the armistice, this arrangement to have no effect upon the final disposition of the ships." THE GREAT SEATTLE STRIKE, Statement ot the Affair by Chairman ot the Committee SAYS WORKMEN WON TOE FIGHT issue Was the Right of Labor to Receive Such Share of Its Proceeds as Would Enable It to be Comfortable There Was No Bolshevism, No I . . I uisregara ot Law, ana no un-?mericanism. < The recent big strike at Seattle, 1 Washington, was represented in the l dispatches as having been a challenge ( to the civil government. It is a fact that United States troops were put at 1 the disposal of the local authorities and from published representations it ' appeared that a bloody revolution was imminent in the state of Washington. The strike was finally settled by compromise that was so much to the ad- ' vantage of the strikers that they claim to have won. But now the strikers are ] asking for a fair hearing of the truth, and to that end the following statement is being published in some of the leading newspapers of the county over the name of Ben F. Nauman, chairman of the executive committee of the general strike committee of Seattle: "The Macy award being unsatisfactory to shipyard workers, they protested it by referendum vote, but the war was still on, and having a clean record of putting all loans and donations way "over the top," their patriotism was beyond question. "After the war was over, they exhausted every means to try and open negotiations for another 'adjustment, as the high cost of living had put them in such a position that they could not eat, live, or clothe themselves properly. "This agreement with the Emergency Fleet corporation was signed by the s international body without hearing ? from the rank and file affected. ? "When nothing more could be done to redeem the situation, the workers ( in the shipyards played their card of economic strength and quit the yards i to a man, 25,00u strong. They immedi- t ately saw that a game of starvation { on the part of the employers and others was to be played, so the general ( strike movement was started. To off- ( set this movement of the employers, a { referendum vote was taken of ah ( bodies affiliated with the Central La- t bor Couhcil. The sympathetic strike r vote was very favorable, and a gen- s eral sympathetic strike was planned t and called for Feb. 6, at 10 a. m. c Everybody went out, even the non- i union shops, many of the bosses join- c .ng in the demonstration as a protest { to help bring relief to these shipyard r wbrkers. The' CItJ* was prostrate, as uas been said, not a wheel turned ex- a cept such exemptions as afTected the j general welfare of the entire city of 4,- c 000 neoDle: hospitals, undertakers, san- f itation, water, light, gas, cold storage a of food, running into millions of dol lar3, and many other exemptions that f vvere vital to the general welfare of the N public. I may mention that the United States government was exempted of f everything concerning the government. "From Thursday at 10 a. ra., Feb. 6, r the time the strike was called, until it a was called off Tuesday, Feb. 11, not t so much as a fist fight was booked c at police stations which could be t traced to the strike. Everybody stayed at home and rested up took a vaca- a tion, so to speak. t "The organized workers on strike j numbered approximately 65,000, while a almost that many others who do not t belong to any union, but who earn c their living by working, walked out c and stood out with the others. Even the orientals, such as Japanese bar- r hers, Japanese restaurants, and others ^ took a vote and walked out and stayed , out, returning at the appointed time c set by the strike committee. All res- ? taurants, eating houses, etc., were g closed, and the cooks, waiters, and y others fed this city from union halls, cafeteria style, 36 cents for a good j meni and thev did it on a co-operative r basis, assisted by the farmers' grange. a Nobody received pay for any labor r they performed, many thanks to the t culinary crafts of this city for their j splendid, cheerful, and efficient han- t dling of this situation. , "I wish also to call your attention to ? a splendid voluntary labor police j force which had no authority except s that of moral suasion, whose sole duty c was to ask everybody to observe all ^ laws to the letter. This body was composed of returned and discharged sol- , diers and sailors in uniform and officered by discharged officers of same, ^ and all union men, some 250 all told. s This force labored almost day and s night keeping their eyes on things in order to prevent anything that other nterests wished to start. A number c of Individuals were preaching and advocating measures that organized la- a bor would not stand for, due to the ? fact that certain elements wished to iniert matters not germane to the real .s.sue and use it as propaganda and ause the downfall of the whole strike. The hand of the employers' associa- ^ :'on was sown many times in this matter. We were repeatedly threatened with martial law but labor stood on r its feet and said, 'Fine, that will suit us if it does you.' It was only bluff c on the part of the employers when j, they yelled martial law, because there c was no more occasion for martial law f( in Seattle than there would be for the 0 ry squad to raid a Sunday school pic- e nic, which has been shown since. Cer- n tain interests tried to inflame the agi- T tated minds all over this country by v stating that Seattle was the Pctrograd p of America and that a revolution was being started here. This foolish no- j, tion of a few individuals was lost in the absolute silence of a peaceable and 0 law-abiding city of 400.000 people. n "It was current in the newspapers s throughout the country that Seattle t was under a soviet rule (the soviet was the chamber of commerce, as ^ usual) and the seat of the city govern- v ment had been transferred from the j, city hall to the labor tempic. un, f such nonsense for people who are credited with having good Judgement r to try and poison the minds of a whole s nation by such stuff as that. a "There was occasion for the city government to be In readiness to cope with any emergency that might arise out of the crisis through which this :ity has just passed, but there was 10 occasion for adding false rumors and making political capital out of this demonstration, which was the greatest of Its kind the world has ever seen. "Seattle has a full head of steam ind everything Is running fine along ;he Puget Sound. I might mention that Tacoma, a neighbor city of 175,000 seople, joined with Seattle and went )n strike, as also did many other small ;owns in this vicinity. "There will be a history of the gcn?ral strike published in full, and the vhole country will then know the facts, ind Seattle in time will bear the crellt for giving the world a solution of he problem of emancipation for all hrse who toil. "The star of Laborhem is now over Seattle." SOUTH'S COTTON PROBLEM. 3roper Solution of It Calls for Good Teamwork Everywhere. 3. W. Kilgore, of the North Carolina Experiment Station. The south, and North Carolina paricularly, wrought wonderfully well luring the war period. Large crops, ;xcept cotton, have been made, paricularly. food crops. The cotton crops )f the country for the four years of he war 1916 to 1918 were 11,700,>00, bales, 11,302,000, 11,450,000 and .1,192,000, or an average of 11,411,000 )ales against the four pre-war crops >f 1911 to 1914 of 16,135,000 bales, 14,.56,000, 13,703,000 and 15,693,000 bales vhich is an average of 3,511,000 bales nore annually prior to that, than durng the war period. The acreage of last year was but >42,000 less than 1914 when the bumpsr crop of 16,135,000 bales was pro luced. The low production for the jast four years has been due mainly o bad seasonal conditions in Texas ti d Oklahoma. Good winter rains l1 ready have been had in these states, md with the same acreage as in 1918 near 36,000,000 and good seasons, a :rop wel nigh as large as our largest an and likely would be made, which s far beyond what there are any -easons to think the world will conlume. ? Our bumper cotton crop of 16,000,>00 bales in 1914, brought $800,100,000, and our 11,600,000 bales >f 1917, brought the south $1,- ' 100,000,000, or twice as much as the jumper crop. We know what this neans "big crop, low price." Cotton it present prices is at, if not below, he cost of production, and not an ln.onsiderable number of North Caroina farmers have cotton of two years >n hand, which means ability on the jart of some to hold, but there are nany farmers not'so fortunate. It woulS seeln that the world Ueeds tnd will consume at cost of producion, plus a fair profit, the small crop if 1918, especially as this is one of our small crops in succession, the iverage for the four years being 11,11,000 bales, or 14,000,000 less for the our year war period than for the four ear pre-war period. What can be done to make this efective ? 1. A well defined co-operative prorram on the part of the banker, the nerchant and the farmer for holding < nd selling should bring results, and he united effect in spirit and action f if all agencies is necessary to meet his critical situation. 2. Along with the movement to en.ble the farmer, the merchant and the i tanker, or whoever has cotton, to hold t till the right time, to sell, must go i programme to horse the staple, proecting it from the damage of exposure ?r greater loss may come from this 1 ause than from the low prices. 3. What is more important when neasured in terms of its effect upon he future of our farming Industry, is i plan for preventing the production if a cotton crop this year greater than ho world wil require. A reduction in icreage of from one-fifth to one-third ?as been suggested as the method of 'oing this. This would mean for Jlorth Carolina in round numbers, a n i 11 ion acres instead of a million and i half of cotton. This would leave a nlllion acres heretofore devoted to coton available for food, feed and soilmproving crops, especially stressing he latter, alone, or in combination vith feed crops, as any plan for future iction which does not have for one of ts chief objects the increase ol' acreige yields the maintenance or in:rease of soil fertility will not be it: line vith the kind of progress which 01 th Carolina has registered in a renarkable way in the last few years. Cotton should likely, in most cases. >e put on the better land, including tome at least of the land planted to :oil improving crops during the past <^ar. It should be fertilized with the iow of economy so as to meet the needs >f the land thus used and the crop, ml increasing the acreage production md reducing the cost so as to meet he almost certain lower price for coton next fall. Cotton should not be rrown in away and no land which will woduce less than two-thirds of a bale n acre and better three-fourths of a >ale. 4. Another matter of serious conern is the price of fertilizers. The rices of fertilizers are the highest ' l.n^nrn OrlH whilo the vC Iia\t cvci nuv/MM, ?....v otton grower cannot afford, if possible, to allow his acreage yields to deline, fertilizers must be used, as to [uantity and kind, to meet the needs f the soil and the crop, and with very Indication that fertilizers and ther supplies purchased this spring rill be used in making crops which J fill sell for less next fall than at < resent. i This phase of farming for the comng year cannot be too strongly stre3s(1 if we would maintain or improve < ur present economic position, relembrring that fertilizers and other upplies bought in the spring during . ho past four years and used In makrtg crops were at a lower scale of rices than the farm products which , ircre grown during the year sold for a the fall. The reverse is now going 1 o be true. 5. It will be easily agreed that all i eduction in cotton (and tobacco) 1 hould go into food and feed crops nd pasture in an effort to make all , the food and feed for the state on tbs farms of the state, so as to save transportation changes and interesting profits, to make easy the holding of cotton, tobacco, peanuts and other money crops, and to encourage and support our growing livestock industry beef cattje, hogs, poultry, sheep and dairy cows for the family cow, and dairies and creameries and for our new cheese Industry these, together with our farm and townspeople and our animals, make a practically sure market at remunerative prices, at all the food and feed crops and roughage that can be grown. 6. Finally, we must have in mind as a whole people a readjustment of our wage and living scale. We should not want to go back to the old conditions "as regards these. Cotton, peanuts, tobacco and other money and general crops in the whole south have been produced with low-priced labor with much child labor, unpaid and underpaid. These crops have been sold to the world on a basis of this kind of labor and we have bought products from other parts of' the country on basis of a higher labor and a higher living scale than our own greatly to the detriment of our own standard of living as a section. Better prices for labor as a whole, better prices for the products of labor and a corresponding raise in the conditions of living for all classes and conditions should be the basis of the readjustment FIGURES OF THE DRAFT. At End of the War the United Statee Forces Numbered 4,791,172 Men. The United States was ready to Increase its fighting force to 7,181,172 men during 1919 if the war had continued, Provost Marshal General Crowder stated in his annual report to oongress. A reserve of 2,340,000 elass 1 men was waiting to be mobilized when the armistice was signed, the report stated, the armed strength of the nation then being 4,791,172 men. When war was declared the armed strength was 178,- . 619 men. ^ Two out of every three men in uniform were raised through the draft, Crowder stated, the total number Inducted during the war being 2,810,296. Every one was taken from class 1* Only 18 per cent of the men of military age, 18 to 45, were In the service, the report stated, while England contributed 62 per cent of her available flghtera In all 24,234,021 men were registered by the great draft system for military service. Seven per cent was the maximum percentage of men taken from any onp industry. - The fanners were treated better than ' - . any other workers, 09 per cent of those ' registered being granted deferred classification. Comparatively few T*l~ rled men were taken, the records showing that 89 per cent of them were deferred. Physically the nation Is 70 per cent perfect, according to the draft examiners. This is the percentage of the men found fit This does not Include the limited service men or those whose defects could be remedied. The highest percentages of physical ? fitness come from the middle west. Oklahoma led the nation with 82 per cent, closely followed by Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming Texas and North Dakota. Rhode Island and Arizona show the largest percenter physically unfit, with Connecticut" Massachusetts, Vermont, New York and Washington close. Rhode Island had only 53 per cent fit and New York 60 per cent Heart troubles, eyes, tuberculosis and mental defects brought the largest number ot rejections, each claiming ?v?? to nant nt thft total diS mure lixaa i?r yv* W4? qualified. Flat feet took only 1.8 per cent General Crowder's "work or fight" order forced 120,000 men either into the army or useful work and his drive on the slacker marriages added 123,000 men to class 1. Eighteen thousand waiters alone changed their work, as did 17,000 clerical workers- More than 295,000 -are still classed as deserters by the provost marshal general's office, having failed to answer calls or register. About 67,000 have been apprehended. Eight thousand convicts or ex-prison^rs were inducted and their records show they made fine fighting men. General Crowder doers his report with a tribute tb all who helped make the draft a success. The total cost of the draft was only $16,000,000 and General Crowder had $38,000,000 in appropriations waiting to go back to the treasury. The per capita cost of the inductments was $6.52, as compared with $217 in the '60s. The cost of enlisting a volunteer was $28.96 during the operation of the draft American Ships Again Sail the Seven Seas. For the first time since the -lays of the famous "Clipper" ships, says a Washington dispatch, American merchant craft now are plying the sev->n s*oas, carrying products of the Uni.-j forthprest corners of IC'l O lit ICO iv v i iv the earth and bringing home both es-entials and luxuries. The shipping board announced today that the American merchant ma* 'ne fleet, bu'lt up under the spur of war's necessity, now represented nearly one-fifth of the entire seagoing tonnage of the world and comprised 48 ^er cent of all ships clearing from Fnited States ports, as comparted with 1.7 per cent of the great war. Trade routes not traversed by American craft for more than 50 years once more are invaded, with new routes established to China, Australia, New Zealand. India the Dutch East tndlcs, the west coast of Africa and oorts on the Mediterranean. Ships flying the Stars and Stripes also are running regularly to South America, nreat Britain and conintental Europe, to wnll n? Panada and Mexico. The fleet now engaged in oversea* commerce consists of 861 freighters, *8 freight and passenger vessels, 71 r>il tankers, 230 sailing ve?3els, end 16 miscellaneous ships, aggregating 1,^61,239 gross tons. Of this total, 406,^28 gross tons are employed in trans- , Atlantic trade, 315. 925 tons In transpacific trade, 402,721 tons in South American trade, 761,252 tons in Car-ihean and Mexican trade, and 76,014 tons in Alaska and Canadian trade. When t!?e army and navy return to the shipping board the 353 ships with which they are operating the commercial fleet under the American flag, the tonnage will be increased by 1,873,251 gross tons, making the .total 3,834,750 gross tons, with many hundreds of thousands of tons building or under contract. r ^