University of South Carolina Libraries
' / , . - . H| ggMI.WEEgla^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ I L M GItiST'9 SONS, Publishers. j & ^Hinil^ ^(tUSJ}3J}Cl| I qjjor tll^ ^TOUtOtiOlt Of til? ^Political, ^OCitlt, ^Qricultural itud (loilinurciol Jntcrcsls Of ^locpu. swoLifcoPT, riru ckntu. ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK, 8. O. TUESDAY. FEB HI? ,RY 18. 1919. NX). 14g - -- . nr *>we* i VI.. J _V-I1 1 IV. J.Vl . . LEAGUE OF NATIONS Momentous Document Is Read At Tbe Peace Conference. ESTABLISHES PARLIAMENT OF MAN Constitution of FutureLiborty of the World is Made Public Preliminary to Its Final Action and is Explained by President Wilson. At the plenary session of the prelim- t inary peace conference last Friday aft-11 ernoon at 3.30 p. m., at the Quai D^Or- < say, President Wilson, as chairman of the commission on the league of na- < tions, read and explained the follow- ( ing report: 1 Covenant t "Preamble: In order to promote In- s tern&tlonal co-operation and to secure t international peace and security by the t acceptance Of obligations not to resort r to war, by the prescription of open, just and honorable relations between s nations by the firm establishment of 1 the understandings of international s law as the actual rule of conduct r among governments, and by the maintenance and justice and a scrupulous t respect for all treaty obligations in the s dealings of organized peoples with one t another, the powers signatory to this i covenant adopt this constitution of the r league of nations: . s Article 1. "The action of the high t contracting parties under the terms of t this covenant shall be effected through o the instrumentality of a meeting of a s body of delegates representing the high contracting parties, of meetings v at more frequent intervals of an execu- t tive council, and of a permanent inter- h national secretariat to be established t at the seat of the league. j Art. 2. "Meetings of the body of a delegates shall be held at stated inter- e vals and from time to time as occa- t! sion may require for the purpose of dealing with matters within the sphere a of action of the league. Meetings of o the body of delegates shall be held at t the seat of the league or at such other 0 places as may be found convenient and c shall consist of representatives of the t high contracting parties. ii Each of the high contracting parties s shall have one vote, but may have not p more than three representatives. Art. 3. "The executive council shall t: ?-x -M a# +Via u consist 01 me re|;rescuutiiica v> u United States of America, the British e empire, France, Italy, and Japan, to- E gether with representatives of four v other states, members of the league, q The selection of thes3 four states shall t be made by the body of delegates on e such principles and in such manner a as they think fit Pending the ap- a pointment of these representatives of c other states, representatives of (blank t left for names) shall be members of b the executive council. t "Meetings of the council shall be r held from time to time as occasion c may require and at least once a year at whatever place may be decided on, a or failing any such decision, at the v seat of the league, and any matter 0 within the sphere of action of the c league or affecting the peace of the a world may be dealt with at such meetings. t "Invitations shall be sent to any 0 power to attend a meeting of the v council at which such matters directly a affecting Its Interests are to be discuss- c ed and no decision taken at any meet- r lng will be binding on such power un- E less so invited. f Art. 4. "All matters of procedure at t meetings of the body of delegates or a the executive council Including the ap- j polntment of committees to Investigate t particular matters shall be regulated 8 by the body of delegates or the execu- g tive council and may be decided by a ? majority of the states represented at c 111X7 1UCXUII5* I "The first meeting of the body of j delegates and the executive council shall be summoned by the president of * the United States of America. Art 6. "The permanent secretariat of the league shall be established at (blank) which shall constitute the seat of the league- The secretariat shall comprise such secretaries and stafT as s may be required, under the general di- \ rectlon and control of a secretary gen eral of the league, who shall be chosen ( by the executive council; the secrcta- { riat shall be appointed by the secrcta- , ry general subject to confirmation by , the executive council. , "The secretary-general shall act in 1 that capacity at all meetings of the , body of delegates or of the executive j council. ( "The expenses of the secretariat , shall be borne by the states' members , of the league In accordance with the apportionment of the expenses of the ( international bureau of the Universal Postal union. ( Art. 6. "Representatives of the high contracting parties and officials of the league when encaged in the business , of the league shall enioy aipiomamprivileges and Immunities and the ( building occupied by the league or its offlc'.als or bv representatives attend- . ing its meetings shall enjoy the benefits of extra territory. Art. 7. "Admission to the league of states not signatories to the covenant , and not named In the protocol hereto , as states be ln%dted to adhere to the covenant, requires the assent of not less than two-thirds of the states represented in the body of delegates and shall be limited to fully self-govern lng countries, Including dominions and colonies. ?'xr>w ??oto shall he admitted to the league unless It Is able to give effective guarantees of Its sincere Intention to observe Its International obligations, and unless It shall confirm to such principles as may be prescribed by the league In regard to Its naval and military force and armaments. Art. 8. "The high contracting parties recognize the principle that the maintenance of peace will require the reduction of national armaments to the lowest point consistent with national safety and the enforcement by common action of International obligations, having special regard to the geographical situation and circumstances of each state; and the executive council shall formulate plans for effecting such reduction. The executive council shall also determine for the consideration and action of the several governments what military equipment and armament Is fair and reasonable in proportion to the scale o of force laid down In the program of 1 iisarmament; and these limits, when adopted shall not be exceeded without c the permission of the executive coun- 1 S1L 1 "The high contracting parties agree c :hat the manufacture by private en- 1 terprise of munitions and implements b of war lends itself to grave object- J dons, and direct the executive council :o advise how the evil effects attend- a ant upon such manufacture can be a irevented, due regard being had to the b lecessities of those countries, which ia ire not able to manufacture for them- b >elves the munitions and implements * >f war necessary for their safety. n "The high contracting parties un- a lertake in no way to conceal from each >ther the condition of such of their * ndustries eis are capable <ot being n idapted to war-like purposes or the icale of their armaments, and agree 8 hat there shall bo full and frank in- t{ erchange of information as to their n nilitary and naval programs. -Art. 9. "A permanent commission A hall be constituted to advise the P eague on the execution of the provi- & ions of article 8 and on military and ti laval generally. n Art. 10. "The high contracting par- ri ies shall undertake to respect and pre- tl erve as against external aggression ahe territorial integrity and existing u >olitical independence of all states tl nembers of the league. Incase of any tl uoh aggression or in case of any t< hreat of danger of such aggression h he executive council shall advise up- o; n the means by which the obligation tl hall be fultilled." Art. 11. "Any war or threat of war, b whether immediately affecting any of It he high contracting parties or not, is bi lereby declared a matter of concern 'r o the league and the high contracting "1 larties reserve the right to take any b ction that may be deemed wise and ol ifectual to safeguard the peace of na- p ions. d "It is hereby also aeciarea anu n< greed to be the friendly right of each f the high contracting parties to draw si he attention of the body of delegates M r of the executive council to any cir- tl umstances effecting international lnercourse which threatens to disturb tl nternational peace or the good under- lj t&nding between nations upon which si eace depends. r< Art 12. 'The high contracting par- bi les agree that should disputes arise st etween them which cannot be adjustd by the ordinary processes of diplo- r< aacy, they will in case resort to war n-ithout previously submitting the pi uestions and matters involved either 01 o arbitration or to Inquiry by the ex- c< cutive council and until three months p iter the awi.rd by the arbitrators or ci recommendation by the executive a< ouncil; and that they will not even hen resort to war as against a mem- 3< er of the league which complies with ti he award of the arbitrators or the tl ecommendation of the executive coun- ti il. W "In any ca.?e under the article the lr ward of the arbitrators shall be made 'ithln a reasonable time and the rec- ti mmendation of the executive coun- ti il shall be made within six months ti fter the submission of the dispute. tl Art 13. "The high contracting par- tl ies agree that whenever any dispute ir r difficulty shall arise between them irhlch they recognize to be suitable for ri ubmission to arbitration and which li annot be satisfactorily settled by di- si ilomacy, they will submit the whole n natter to arbitration. For this pur- it ?ose the courc of arbitration to which si he case is referred shall be the court o igreed on by the parties or stipulated tl n any convention existing between tl hem. The high contracting parties o igree that they will carry out in full c1 ;ood faith anj award that may be ren- p lered- In the event of any failure to e :arry out the award, the executive 1< :ouncil shall propose what steps can >est be taken to give effect thereto. e - - :i Art. 14. me execuuve cuuncu auuu u formulate plans for the establishment e )f a permanent court of international o ustice and this court shall, when es- t! ablished, be competent to hear and u letermine any matter which the par- t ;ies recognized as suitable for submls- t iion to it for arbitration under the 1< foregoing article. Art 15. "If there should arise be- c] :ween states members of the league v iny dispute likely to lead to rupture, g tvhich is not submitted to arbitration e is above, the high contracting parties c igree that they will refer the matter to the executive council; either party to i< the dispute may give notice of the ex- r istence of the dispute to the secretary t general, who will make all necessary c arrangements for a full investigation t and consideration thereof. For this v purpose the parties agree to communi- f cate to the secretary general, as t promptly as possible, statements of c their case with all relevant facts and s papers, and the executive council may {] forthwith direct the publication thereof. Where the efforts of the council ( lead to the settlement of the dispute, a t statement shall be published indicating t the nature of the dispute and the <= terms of settlement, together with such g explanations as may be appropriate, ir r the dispute has not been settled, a re- a port by the council shall be published, f setting forth with all necessary facts s and explanations the recommendation 1 which the council thinks just and t proper for the settlement of the dis- r pute. If the report is unanimously t agreed to by the members of the coun- t cil, other than the parties to the dis- ( pute, the high contracting parties agree < that they will not go to war with any < party which complies with the recom- l mendations, and that if any party shall refuse so to comply the council , shall propose measures necessary to j give effect to the recommendations. If ? no unajiimous report can be made, it s shall be the duty of the majority and t privilege of the minority to issue statements indicating what they believe to be the facts and containing the reasons which they consider to be Just and proper. "The executive council may in anv case under this article refer the dispute to the body of delegates. The dispute shall be so ratified at the request of either party to the dispute, provided that such request must be made within 14 days after the submission of the dispute. In a case referred to the body of delegates all the provisions of this article and of article 12 relating to action and powers of the ixecutlve council shall apply to the ictlon and powers of the body of d?egates. Art. 16. "Should any of the high ontracting parties break or disregard ts covenant* under article 12, It shall hereby ipso facto be deemed, to have ommitted an act of war against all he other members of the league, which lereby undertakes immediately to subect it to the severance of all trade or Inanclal relations, the prohibition of 11 intercourse between their nationals od the nationals of the covenantreaking state, and the prevention of 11 financial commercial or neraonal. ntorcourse between the nationals of he covenant-breaking state and the lationals of any other state, whether member of the league or not. "It shall be the duty of the execuIve council In such case to recomlend what effective military or naval Dree the members of the league shall everally contribute to the armed orces to be used to protect the coveants of the league. 'The high contributing parties agree urther, that they will mutually suport one another in the financial and conomlc . measures which may be iken under this article, in order to ilnimize the loss and convenience esulting from the above measure, and fiat they will mutually support one nother in resisting any special measres aimed at one of their number by le covenant-breaking state, and that ley will afford passage through their ;rritory to the forces of any of the igh contracting parties who are coperatlng to protect the covenants of le league. Art. 17. "In the event of disputes etween one state member of the ague, or between states not memers of the league, the high contractig parties agree that the state or :ates not members of the league shall e Invited to accept the obligations r membership In the league for the urpose of such dispute, upon such conItlons as the executive council may eem just, and upon acceptance of jch Invitation the above provisions lall be applied with such modlflcaons as may be deemed necessary by le league. "Upon such Invitation being given, le executive council shall immedlater Institute an Inquiry Into the circumancea and merits of the dispuie and scommend such action as may seem est and most effectual In the circumances. "In the event of a power so Invited jfus-ng to accept the obligations of lembership In the league for the puroses of the league, which in the case f a state member of the league would institute a breach of article 12, the rovislons of article 16 shall be appll< ototo totlnj anch 1U(C tto agauioi iuc ctlon. "If both parties to the dispute, when ) Invited, refuse to accept the obl'gaons of membership In the league for le purpose of such dispute the execuve council may take such action as 111 prevent hostilities and will result i the settlement of the dispute. Art 18. "The high contracting pares agree that the league shall be enlisted with general supervision of the i ade in arms and ammunition with le countries In which the control of lis traffic is necessary in the common iterest. Art 19. "To those colonies and tertories which, as a consequence of the ite war, have ceased to be under the M.flrniirnfv of the states which for lerly governed them, and which are lhabited by peoples not yet able to tand by themselves under the strenuus conditions of the modern world, here should be applied the principle hat the well-being and development f such peoples form a sacred trust of Ivilization, and that securities for the erformance of this trust should be mbodied in the constitution of the ;ague. "The best method of giving practical ffect to this principle is that the tuteige of such peoples should be entrustd to advanced nations who, by reason f their resources, their experience or heir geographical position, can best ndertake this responsibility, and that his tutelage should be exercised by hem as mandatories on behalf of the sague. "The character of the mandate must lffer according to the state of the deelopment of the people, the georaphical situation of the territory, its conomic conditions and other similar ircumstances. "Certain communities formerly beonging to the Turkish empire have eached a stage of development which heir existence as independent nations an be provisionally recognized subj ct o the rendering of administrative ad'ice and assistance by a mandatory >ower until such time as they are able o stand alone. The wishes of these ommunitles must be a principal conideration In the selection of the manlatory power. "Other peoples, especially those of Central Africa, are at such a stage that he mandatory must be respons ble for he administration of the territory mbject to the conditions wmcn wm fuarantee freedom of conscience or eligion, subject only to the maintenince of public order and morals, the irohlbition of abuses such as the ilave trade, the arms traffic and the Iquor traffic, and the prevention of he establishment of fortifications or nilitary and naval bases and of miliary training of the natives for other han police purposes and the defense >f the territory, and will also secure ?qual opportunities for the trade and ommerce of other members of the cague. "There are territories, such as south * A nr\A oorfoln of the south iVUSL mi ica cbiiu W4 v. 'aclflc Isles, which, owing to the .parseness of their popluatlon, or their ;mall size or their r moteness from he centers of civilization, or their reographical continuity to the mandiory states, and other circumstances, :an best be administered under the aws of the mandatory state as integral hereof, subject to the safeguarda above nentioned, in the interests of the inligmous population. "In every case of mandate, the manlatory state shall render to the league in annual report in reference to the erritory committed to its charge. 'The degree of authority, control or idministration to be exercised by the nandatory state shall, if not previousy agreed upon by the high contracting \artles. in each case be exp'lcitly deIned by the executive council in a special act or charter. "The high contracting parties furher agree to establish at the seat of he league a mandatory commission to receive and examine the annual reports of the mandatory powers and to assist the lea rue In Insuring Ike observance of the terms of all mandates. Sec. 20. "The high contracting parties will endeavor to secure and maintain fair and humane conditions of labor for men, women and children, both in their countries and in all countries to which their commercial and industrial relatives extend, and jo that end agree to establish as part of the organization of the league a permanent bureau of labor. Art. 21. "The high contracting parties agree that provision shall he made through the instrumentality of the league to secure and maintain freedom of transit and equitable treatment for the commerce of all statee members of the league, having in. mind, atiiv/ug v/kiici iiiuigo, o^cttai ai/ioiigcments with regard to the necessities of the regions devastated during the war of 1914-1918. Art. 22. "The high contracting parties agree to place under the control of the league all international bureaus already established by general treaties if the parties to such treaties consent. Furthermore, they agrea that all such international bureaus to be constituted In future shall be'placed under control of the league. Art 23. "The high contracting parties that every treaty or international engagement entered into hereafter by any state member of the league shall be forthwith registered with "the secretary general, and as soon as possible published by him, and thai AO such treaty or international engagement shall be binding until so registered. Art- 24. "It shall be the right of the body of delegates from time to time to advise the reconstruction by states members of the league of treaties which have become inapplicable, and of internal conditions of which the continuance may endanger the peace of the world. . ? Art 25. "The high contracting parties severally agree that the present covenant is accepted as abrogating all obligation inter se which are incons'stent with the terms thereof, and solemnly engage that they will not hereafter enter into any engagements inconsistent with the terms thereof. In case any of the powers slgnat<*y hereto or subsequently admitted to the league shall, before becoming a .party to this covenant, have -mdertaken any obligations which are inconsistent with the terms of this covenant, it shall be the duty of such power to take immediate steps to procure its release from such obl'gations. Art. 26. "Amendments to this covenant will take effect when ratified by the states whose representatives compose the executive council and by three-fourths of the states whose representatives compose the body of delegates." TO ASCERTAIN COTTON ACREAGE Bill In Senate to Compel Information on the Subject. The following bill has been introduced by Senator Baker .of Florence, to ensure statistics as to the cotton acreage: Be it-enacted by the geneVal assembly of the state of South Carolina: Section 1. Every managing head of any farming enterprise in this state f:hall be required to file with the audtor of the county in which such farming enterprise is conducted, before June of each year, or for the year .1919 at such later date as may be fixed, by the governor. If acTvls'able, a sworn statement of the number of acres of land under cultivation, the number of acres planted in cotton, and the number of horses, mules and other animals used in such enterprise. The landowner to make re lurn for his own farming operations and the lessee of lands to make return for 'he lands rented by him; and the failure to make such return or the makinp of a false return shall subject the person, firm or corporation operating or - ontrolling such enterprise to a fine of not less than $10 nor more than $25 per acre for each acre of land planted in cot ton, which fine shall be a lien second only to taxes, on all crops produced by the said farming enterprise, and may be collected or enforced in any manner provided for the collection or enforcement of other liens: Provided. however, That the planter who does not nroduce more than ten bales of cotton per each animal used shall not be subject to penalties imposed for the violation of the provisions of this act. Sec. 2. A tax of $25 per acre shall be and is hereby imposed upon all lands planted in cotton by any farming enterprise in this state in excess of ten acres of land per horse, mule or other animal used in such enterprise, which aid tax shall be payable on or before October 15 of each year to the treasurer of the county in which such farming enterprise is conducted, and such tax shall constitute a tax lien on all crops u-odured by the said farming enterprise, which tax shall be collected and enforced in the manner now provided by law for the collection of other taxes. Sec. 3. One-fourth of all these fines collected under the provisions of this act shall be paid in each case to the oerson furnishing the information and evidence upon which the conviction was obtained, and all other moneys collected hereunder, whether fines or 'axes, shall be paid to the treasurer of the county where farming enter prise is conducted, and shall be used to defray the necessary expense incident to the enforcement of this act, and tho remainder, If any, shall be used as a fund for permanent road improvements In such county. Sec. 4. The comptroller general of this state is hereby authorized and directed to furnish the auditor of each -ounty with ouestionaires suitably prepared for the purpose of returns required by this act, and the county commissioners of each county are authorized and directed to make such provisions as may be necessary for the effective administration of this law in their respective counties, and to pay the expenses thereof out of the general funds of the county. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect immediately upon its approval by tho rovernor. Changed His View.?If it is true that to M. Clemenccau was due the proposal that official communiques should form the strict limit of the news atlons allowed the press representatives at the peace conference, the world must be pardoned If It lifts its eyebrows at the French premier. For it was M. Clemenceau who fought the battle royal wlh the censor In the days of his editorship of the famous Homme Enchalne. L' Homme Enchalne has since those days become L' Homme Libre, but If Its former editor has eally abandoned the cause of unmuzzled journalism, and If fetters are the order of the day In the Paris of the neace conference, L* Homme Libre will have to wear the chains again, or put up with being regarded as at least something of a fraud. MUST REDUCE ACREAGE Proceedings of Cotton Convention In Colombia. PRESENT CROP IS WORTH 35 CENTS After Diacuttion of the Situation the Statewide Conference Takes Steps That Look Like They Should Contribute to the Desired End. News and Courier. Friday. Representative farmers from every section of South Carolina assembled In convention last Thursday, adopted resolutions pledging a systematic holding movement for a price of thirty-five cents a pound for cotton basis middling, approved a 33 1-3 per cent reduction In the acreage throughout the cotton belt and urged a curtailment In the use of commercial fertilizers. The resolutions provide that farmers planting five acres or less to the horse need not reduce their acreage. The convention formed what is known as the South Carolina cotton association and a campaign for pledges will be waged throughout the state, to which campaign the assistance of the press Is asked. Farmers, both white and negroes, will be asked to sign pledge cards binding themselves to reduce their acreage 33 1-3 per cent and the use of commercial fertilizer 50 per "ent. These pledgo cards will be filed with the commissioner of agriculture. The governor will appoint a steering committee of eleven to take charge of the campaign. Leading Farmers Prerent. There were probably between three and four hundred of tho leading farmers of the state at the meeting, representing every county.ln the state. Tho gathering was In response to the call of Governor Cooper, Commissioner of Agriculture Harris and others that a plan might be formulted to help the present cotton situation and to stabilize tho cotton market. J. H. Claffey, of Orangeburg, presided at the convention today. Addresses were made by Governor Cooper, ex-Governor Manning and Commissioner of Agriculture Harris. This afternoon the members of the "onvent'on went to the hall of the horse of representatives, where they heard an address by W. P. G. Hard:ng, governor of the federal reserve board. The resolutions urged Governor Cooper to Issue a proclamation designating February 22 as "Reduction Pledge day" throughout the state: that day to be used in getting pledges from the farmers to reduce their acreage and their use of commercial fer'lllzers. The governor likewise will "an on mo oaocuuvco ui uuici oiuivo to take like action and to request them to hold mass meetings in their states similar to the one held here today. For the purpose of conducting a statewide campaign to put Into effect the purpose set out in the resolution Governor Cooper is asked to appoint a committee of six, two bankers, two business men, two farmers, to act as a steering committee. Many Agencies Asked to Cooperate. Clemson College and its coordinating branches are called upon to assist this campaign and the president of the states farmers' union is called upon officially to do everything in his power to make the movement a success. He is requested to communicate with the farmers' union of all other cotton States and to impress upon them the importance of formulating like plans. B. Harris, commissioner of agriculture, is asked to communicate with the commissioners of agriculture of the other states and request them to call mass meetings and to start a holding and reduction of acreage and fertilizer movements. Governor cooper una Commissioner Farris are requested to ask the assistance of the national department of agriculture in the movement throughout the cotton belt by means of its agents, and channels of publicity. W. G. Smith, state warehouse commissioner, likewise is requested to communicate with warehouse commissioners in the cotton states and get them interested in the reduction movement. Chambers of - ommerce are requested- to Join in the ampaign. Copies of the rcsolutio. s will be sent to various organizations in the cotton states by the state commissioner of agriculture. The resolutions, which are quite lengthy, conclude with a request that the federal reserve banks of Richmond and Atlanta assist the movement. State oerurai wommiucs. The state central committee which will have charge of the financing and propaganda of this movement to reach every farm in the state is composed as follows; WAV. Long, Clemson College; J. G. Mackey. Camden; W. G. Walker, Barnwell; J. H. Claftey, Orangeburg; J. F. Wannamaker, St. Matthews; B. F. McLeod, Charleston: T. G. McLeod, Bishopville; T. J. Brltt, McCormlck. Local county committees and township committees aroalso appointed. Twenty prominent farmers have been appointed by Governor Cooper to attend the New Orleans conference. Resolutions in Part. The text of the resolutions following the preamble reads: "Therefore, be it resolved that united cooperation and action in all the business interests of the south is absolute ly necessary to avert the calamity nowfacing our commercial life; that definite systematic plans should be put into operation in every section of the cotton belt. First: The systematic holding of cotton is now on hand until it reaches thirty-five cents basis middling. Second: Systematic plans for 33 1-3 percent reduction of cottonacreage throughout the belt. However, an> man planting five acres or less to the horse to make no reduction; six-seven acres reduce one acre to the horse; eight-nine acres reduce two acres to the horse; ton-eleven-twelve-thlrteen acres reduce three acres: fourteen reduce four acres; fiftccn-sixteen reduce five acres; seventcen-eighteen reduce six. Under no circumstances will any farmer plant more than twelve acres to the horse. Third: Systematic plans for the reduction in the use of the commercial fertilizers. "We recommend that the present . congress or the united states enact the Smith bill covering the character of cotton deliverable upon cotton exchanges and amend so as to Include tinges of same grade. We ask that the Governor cf this state communicate immediately with our senators and representatives, informing them of this action." In tlio following section the bankers are called upon to secure evidence of acreage reduction before they honor loans: "Be it further resolved, that the bankers of the stato are hereby earn eauy requested to scrutinize au applications for loans extremely close, only granting loans under existing conditions on essentials, and In any application for loans for operating forms on which there is no proof of reduction of one-third in cotton acreage, said application to be considered as non-essential and not to be granted. "Be It further resolved,' that the bankers be and are hereby earnestly requested to use their every effort to assist in carrying into effect plans for the reduction of cotton acreage onethird in the entire state. "Be it further resolved, that the officials of the South Carolina Bankers association are hereby earnestly requested to at once communicate with the officials of similar associations in each of tho cotton growing states and earnestly request that they adopt the same plan and only grant loans where there is proof of reduction of one-third in the cotton acreage, and further request that these associations at once meet with the other bodies in theli states to form systematic plans for carrying Into effect and force said plans for reductions." STORY OF SPARTACUS Roman Slave Who Brought Great Empi re to Its Knees, Both Greek and Roman history have ever been, an open fount to the wrltei in search of a nora de guerre. It can not oe saia tnai me names irius supplied have always been full of meanng to the average man, but ar they have always, presumably, been adopted by reason of their supposed appositencss, a study of them has a certain reward. Such study reveals an aspiration, even If it does not confirm an achievement. Thus It Is with Spartacus, first the nom de guerre of Karl Liebknecht, the German socialist, and then adopted by his followers ir Germany as the name of the group or party Into which they banded themselvea As for the appositencss of th< titles as applied to Karl Liebknecht every one must decide for himself. The story, anyway, of Spartacus, the deserter from the Roman army in the first century B. C., who rose to be the leader of a great rebel host, which had at one time, all Italy at its feet, is on' of the most remarkable in classical history. A Thracian by birth, Spartacus served in the Roman army, but seems to have deserted, for it is re corded that he was taken prisoner anc sold as a slave. Spartacus, however, was not of the stuff that slaves are made of. He nad deserted from the army; and when, as a slave destlnec' for the arena, he was sent to a training school for gladiators at Cupua, h( determined to effect his escape from their sale. And so, one day, with a band of his fellow gladiators he broke out from the school, took refuge on Mt. Vesuvius, and there with his two lieutenants, Crlxus and Oenomaus, maintained himself as a captain of brigands. From the first ho was successful. A force of 300 sent against him under C. Claudius Pulcher was put to flight, and the stronghold amidst the rocks of Vesuvius became a veritable cave of Adullam. Swarms or escaped slaves, hardy and desperate men, joined the rebels, and when the praetor Publius Varinlus took the field against them he found the rebel forces 'ntrenched like a rugular army In thf plain. Spartaeus was still feeling his way. With all the genius of a really able general, which he subsequently proved himself to be, he avoided battle, and, determined to choose his own. venue, marched Into Lucanla, a countr> better adopted for guerilla warfare. The praetor followed him, but was defeated In one engagement after another, and himself narrowly escaped being taken prisoner. With each success Spartaeus enlarged his borders and his aspirations. He had proclaimed liberty for the slaves, and runaway slaves joined him In enormous numbers, taking the field within a short time as some of the most capable soldiers that had ever drawn sword against the republic. * M Hfllv WQB niilnU _ i ne wnoie ui euumci u um j ly in Spartacus's possession, and, at last, the senate dispatched both consuls against him. The rebel leader, however, defeated them in turn and then pressed toward the Alps. Here was a gTeat change. Beyond the Alpr there was unquestioned freedom for himself and his Immense host. Nothing could stand in his way. Gaius Cassius, the governor of Cisalpine Gaul, and the praetor Gnaeus Manllus. who attempted to stop him, were defeated at Mutina. The slaves, however, Inflated with success, refused to -bandon Italy, and this was the turn of the tide. Spartacus marched hir army against Rome itself, and instead of attacking the city, passed again into Lucanla, where the praetor Marcus. Licinus came against him. This time tho Roman general was successful. Spartacus was defeated, and headed hit-rmy in full retreat for the straits of I *' A- A?FA? Intn I Messina, Intending xo cruoa Sicily. The pirates, however, who had agreed to transport his army proved faithless, and the pursuing praetor sure of his prey, was preparing camly to shut up the rebels in the Ca'abria. by carrying a ditch and a rampart right across the peninsula, when Spartacus, with an energy that apparently nothing could withstand, forced the lines, routed, the Roman army, and once again, had the ball at his feet. By this time, however, he had to face disunion in the ranks of his own followers, and, in a pitched battle which followed, shortly afterward, the rebels were completely defeated, Spartacus himself falling, sword in hand. Christian Science Monitor. tnr The world has accumulated a lot of knowledge, but it isn't very well distributed. i **' - - - v Mootoamcni ur i mal*. u n I 8< Proposed New System Embodying the ci Budget System. Speaker Cothran of the Greenville tl delegation, has prepared a bill, which is now in the hands of the ways and e] means committee of the house and aj the hnance committee of the senate, to c< q } apportion the taxes of tho state among ^ the various counties and the tax dis- o: tricts. The bill embodies the policies d suggested by Governor Cooper. The ^ bill reads as follows: r< secuon i. -mat an statutes relating! w to the assessment of property and to ^ the collection of taxes, now In force in e< this state, except such as may be In- ct consistent with the provisions of tins d act, are continued of force. jjl Sec. 2. That the several tax districts ni as created by Section 416, Volume 1, J* code of laws, A. D.f 1912, shall con- ^ tinue as such with this modification: t> Each municipality in a county shall be cl constituted a separate tax district and ^ the outlying territory of the township in which it may be located shall in ra like manner be constituted a separate tax district. p( Sec. 3. That the amount of money re to be raised by taxation to meet the to ordinary and current expenses of the state for the fiscal year commencing January 1, 1919, shall immediately upon the adjournment of the general as- ^ sembly be declared by the comptroller general of the state, which amount shall be ascertained by him by deducting from the amount of the appropria- m tions fixed by the general assombly the practically certain revenue for the year *( and all available unexpended balances al applicable thereto. se Sec. 4. That the amount directed to se be declared in Section 3 is hereby In made a charge upon all of the taxable yc DroDerty within the state or elsewhere m subject to assessment and taxation. ti( What Counties Pay. d< Sec. 6- That the amount directed to le be declared In Section 3 Is hereby ap- th portioned for payment among and by te the several counties of the state, respectlvely, in the following proportions, the accompanying figures repre- ^ senting the respective percentages of the whole sum, chargeable to the several counties: , ce Abbeville 1.4376 Aiken 3.3948 ed \nderson 4.9226 ca Bamberg - ...... 0.9874 Barnwell 1.9306 ra Beaufort 1.0179 10 Berkeley 1.1848 Calhoun ... 0.9210 Charleston 8.4669 Cherokee 1.9978 Chester 2.1673 e\ Chesterfield 1.3389 Olarendon ...._ 1.2861 Colleton 1.3722 V Darlington 2.34 27 w Dillon 1.3746 te Dorchester 1.0829 Edgefield 1.1301 a Fairfield 1.5476 al Florence 2.7863 Georgetown 1.1652 . Greenville 6.8032 ,n jreenwood 2.2795 st Hampton 1.1042 & Horry 1.0775 Bt Jasper 0.8603 Kershaw - 1.6466 10 Lancaster 1.2683 Laurens 2.3476 c, Lee 1.4187 Lexington 1.9466 P4 Marion 1.3169 n< Marlboro 2.2273-th McCormlck 0.7623' . NTewberry 2-1631 Oconee 1.4866 m Orangeburg 3.3616 m Pickens 1.7420 Richland 6.2789 ** Saluda 1.0677 P> Spartanburg 7.0267 st Sumter 2.6140 n Union 2.0650 , Williamsburg 1.6990 o1 York 2.9123 tc 1C9.0000 The amounts apportioned to the counties respectively shall, after being w thus ascertained, be certified by the comptroller general to the auditors of the several counties. Sec. 6. That there is hereby levied 11 upon all of the taxable property within P1 each of the several counties of the k< state a tax sufficient to raise the 414 amount of money apportioned to each Sl county, as hereinbefore provided; said tax to be based upon the assessments 1)4 of said property as fixed according to ei law and at a rate of taxation to be de- 81 termined and fixed as hereinafter provided. O Sec. 7. That immediately after the a annNAtml r\f V? i a oof arts! (ha ntrfi flafl _ 81 w* WHO UVI. uuu IWV VVI V4WV**tion to the county auditor by the comp- la troller general of the amount appor- d< tloned to his county, the county auditor of each county shall apportion to Be each tax district in his county the fair and just proportion of the amount apportioned to the county which the tax- re payers of said district should make up, P< basing his calculation upon the assess- St ments upon which taxes for the year cl 1918 have been charged; he shall make as up and publish In a newspaper one th time a statement In tabular form show- ey ing the aggregate assessment of prop- co erty in each district, the percentage of gr the apportionment and the amount fu chargeable to each dtjtrlct, and shall w! furnish to the township bOu.rd of as- ot sessors, the special boards of assessors w< and other boards upon whom the du- wi ties of such may have devolved by of law, a statement of the same applicable to their tax district. ar Sec. 8. That the county auditor Is ih authorized to appoint assessors for any tax district for which no board has been appointed, who shall be vested with the same powers as township boards of assessors possess. p( Reasress Rea' Property. M Sec. 9. The local board of assessors p shall have regard to the amount so ap- 0f portioned, in assessing the pr.perty g< within their respective districts, so ra that each taxpayer shall bear an equal hc fair and Just share of the general bur- ^ den. They shall make a full report to fQ the county auditor, showing the name of each taxpayer, the property assess- . ed and the value thereof, together m with a statement of the basis of assess- *r mant nnnn which thev have acted, np They are specially charged with the u, duty of placing upon the tax books all _ property which may not have been returned or listed for taxation. In order h< that the equalization may be as thor- S1 ough as possible they shall reassess all real estate for the present year. Sec. 10. The county auditor shall in ai like manner as above apportion the pi sum apportioned to the municipality jj among the several wards thereof and , the boards of assessors shall equalize the burden between the several tax- w payers in each ward as above. at Sec. 11. That any taxpayer who may deem himself aggrieved by the report of the local board may have the same reviewed by the county board of equal- o izatlon; and any taxpayer who may h| consider that the property of an'- other taxpayer baa not been Justly and rata i/ ? muwui unvf uiv rifui lake complaint and have the ittled by the county board. The pro9| edure for hearing said appeal* andH omplaints shall be determined by thsfifl aunty board which may In It* disc re-H on take testimony thereon. 91 Sec- 12. The classes of property nowK irectc1 by law to be assessed by oth<^B r thai, the county authorities shall USI ssessed as heretofore and the sam^H artiiled to the county auditors, wbfl lall be charged with the duty of qon-9^ arming said assessment* to the basiefl f the assessment In the respective ta*B istricts, so that all classes of proper^H r I r* oaoK to V A lafwlA# shall Ws >r taxation on the same bMtti! 1 ?9 Sec. 13. Upon the coming m of ni4fl| sport and the settlement of all ap^H eals and complaints, the county audl.S >r shtfll fix the rate of taxation which? lay suffice to raise the amount requlr^H 1 In each tax district as above lndi-j? ited, and enter the same upon his tax? uplicate. In fixing said rate he ihiflB rovlde for a margin sufficient in hil^H idgment to offset losses In delinquent^! ulla bona and other deficiencies. flH le event that the rate of taxation so H red shall not raise the amount so UP-? Drtioned to the tax district, the coun*M as a whole shall make up the 4efl?? ency, which in the following year lall be charged up to the defaulting S .x district. H Sec. 14. Should any tax district? Llse by this taxation more than may Ml 3 sufficient to pay the amount appor-M| oned to it, the balance shall be de- B jslted by the county treasurer in some? (liable savings Institution at interest? the credit of such tax district WAS READY TO QUIT. fhy the Postmaster at LaFollatta fit* signed His Plaoe. Dr. A. M. Rlggs, described as 'a pro~ < incnt business man and postmaster; sro" In a special dispatch from Laallette, Tenn., to the New York Her* , d, has followed the example recently t by Mr. McAdoo and continued by veral other governmental officers.' i brief. Dr. Rlggs, has given up his >vernment work because there Isn't oney enough In It. Goaded Into scan by a letter from the post-office : apartment asking that he resign unss he could devote all of his time to e business of the office, ex-Postmasr Rlggs wrote and fowarded thefol* wing firm epistle to John C. Koon, fit assistant postmaster-general at j 'ashlngton: * "Sir: "Your kind favor of the 4th Inst, re- 1 lved, Informing me that now the war over and consequently less demand* \ I of its loyal citizens, tne government is n now manage to wag along without '9 y scr.ices as postmaster at La Fol- j ttc, Tenn., unless I devote my entire M ne to the office. Therefore, I "I resign. I "It pains me to do this, and I shall J or look bock with regret to this rude * paration from this Ideal position rqwm llring twelve hours a day service^ ith the munificent compensation (af- " I r paying all expenses) of two dollars ' I day. I have neglected my personal I fairs to serve the government; doff any and everything required; sell* * g Liberty bonds and War Savings amps galore, carrying water and veeplng the floor, as Uncle 8am had udlously avoided making any alwance for incidental expenses. "Selling War stamps and immediately Lshing the same has been one of my it diversions. When I realise I am ! i longer compelled to do all these ilngs, and a host of others equally lifying, such as explaining why the ail-carrier took the flu, and the post- 1 aster on a certain occasion (as reDrted by an Inspector) sent an em[oyee to the office for his mall inead of going for It himself; and why ockapelter & Co. were dot deprived : a mail-box the moment they failed t pay when due; why the flies were lowed to speck certain lobby notices squired to be kept posted ther^hen, I say, I comtemplate all these lings, "I again resign. "I am made to cogitate on the fulity of so conducting the office that itrons do not complain, of property seping the records and punctiliously :countlng for every dollar of Uncle am's money, made to understand that , in the midst of the fighting,' must - a. an/** aisrht hours a day and 3 VII Witu _ rery day, regardless, nothing else ifflcing. "I would gently Inform you, my dear eneral Koon, that what you need is man as postmaster here who can ipport a family of eight on two dolrs a day. I frankly confess that I > not know how to do it. Do you7 eallzing this, it is with a comforting .nse of resignation that "I resign some more. "And, now, in my grand finale of signatlon, I avail myself of the op>rtunlty of congratulating the United :ates of America on having so efflent an assistant postmaster-general > vour honored self. I am convinced at nothing escapes your vigilant es, I am made to shudder when I ntemplate what may happen to this eat country ot ours when the fata* 1 day comes when you, even you, 111 be summarily and unceremonltsly kicked from office (the publio elfare requiring It), as you now, Lthout feeling or justice, deprive me mine. "Crape la on the post-office door, id the town is In mouring. God save e Republic! "Respectfully and dejectedly yours, "A. M. Rlggs." Building Ships for Uncle 8anw ;rhaps there are diplomatic reasons, i well as reasons of Industrial exidlency for the building In China four 10,000-ton ships for the United :ates. Be that as it may, the arngement is of greater importance, >th to Americans and to the Chinese an might appear at first thought, r never before has any great power rned to China In seeking assistance the building of ships. On the conary, the Chinese government, in tre Lst. has found It nesessary to call x>n England, the United States, or ipan when she desired to increase ;r merchant marine or navy. Now le has at Shanghai a ship yard, which inks among the best in the world, id her people seem elated at the ospect of building boats for the nited States. They feel that thetrat'onal friendship between the two itions is to be cemented in bonds, or ; least in bands, of steel. Why Joe Left Home, "Dear Joe ome home. Forget and forgive. I ive destroyed the book of war-re* pee. ViotoL" Tit-Bits.