University of South Carolina Libraries
* ISSUED SEMl'WEEHL^ l. m grist s sons. Pubii?her?. % ^autilp Jli'ii'sjiapri;: jjor the promotion of thq political. Social, ^jriculturnl and fl'ommmial Snterests of the people;. { ESTABLISHED 1855. YORKVILLE, S. C., PRLDA.Y, JULY 24, ft) 14. NO. 5!>. * ? ALONE IN THE By JOSEPH Copyright. 1913, by Small. Maynard CHAPTER III. My First Adventure. So fur my life in the wilderness had been very commonplace. I felt in the best health. I had had no adventures. though unknown adventures were in store for me and they were to come quickly. One late afternoon some time after my arrival at Big Spencer stream. I returned to the burnt lands to gather berries. On the way I stood on a Q slight elevation, looking down into a small gully. From somewhere afar came the sound of a rifle shot, which brought buck to me the thought of human beings, but I did not dwell p upon it. I worked overtime picking berries and soon gathered two birch bark dishes full. The light was beginning to fade, so I made up my mind it was time to start for my camp, which was some distance away. Just as I was stepping over a charred, fallen trunk I heard a crash in the bushes behind w me. Whirling sharply about I saw. down in the gully below, a deer come tearing through the brush with two bears at her heels. The deer was evidently wounded, as she would stagger and fall, then get to her feet again and dush along. The two bears looked like galloping balls of fur. They would almost reach the deer when she would fall, but she always managed to scramble to her feet in time to keep just out of their reach. Instinctively I wanted to go to the aid of the deer, but better reasoning * held me back. Even in the presence of death I experienced a bit of joy, for I knew the bears would eventuallv net the deer. The battle for life had carried the deer and her pursuers well out into the burnt lands. I stood close by, watching every move. 1 could see that the deer was weakening. Suddenly one of the black fur bodies hurled itself on the frail creature. A bear never seemed so powerful to me before. ^ Here I made my first mistake. I had been so glad that I might be able to get a deerskin without breaking the game laws of the state that I did not stop to figure that by waiting I might also get a bearskin. I didn't take into consideration that when once the deer was overcome the two bears would light it out between themselves as to the possession. I should have reasoned that they would fight, as they did. Scarcely had the deer ceased her pitiful struggles when one of the bears Hew at the other. Had they been al4 lowed to continue one would surely have killed the other in that mixup. Hut I was so excited I ran down into the gully, across the open space toward the scene of battle. The bears saw me at once, for in less than a secw ond they were streaking for the cover of the woods, leaving their prey Dehind. As I leaned over the deer I found that the skin had hardly been torn. High up on one shoulder blood was streaming from a wound made by a bullet. "Probably that gunshot I heard about half an hour ago," I said to myself. Xo doubt some woodsman 4 in need of food had made an attempt to get her. even though it was August. when deer are protected by law. I knew I wouldn't have time to skin the creature that night through the slow rock tearing process, so I dragged the body for some distance into the woods, where I buried it with earth, branches, leaves and stones. Then I went back over the ground where I had just dragged the animal and covered up the tracks with leaves. The trail was completely obliterated, or at least I thought it was, so that the bears would not find it. It was quite dark when I started for my lean-to, resolved to come back 1 in the mnrnine. As soon as the sun was up I made for the place where I had hidden my deer. I had one regret?that 1 had M not made the most of that situation the night before and obtained a bearskin as well. Hut soon 1 had something else to think about, for upon arriving at the spot where 1 had interred the carcass I found leaves, branches, rocks, earth ?everything scattered about. The bears had been there before me. I had lost even the deerskin! 1 wanted that deer skin badly. I ^ needed it. However, it was gone, and that's all there was to it. 1 had counted a whole lot on the deer meat also, for my food thus far had answered after a fashion. In one of the marshes 1 had hit a ? couple of frogs over the head and tried eating the hind legs. Hut I couldn't go the taste of these luxuries and never tried them again. In the clearings and along the streams I found plenty of raspberries and blueberries. (letting tired of these I ate some bunchberries. which grow in scarlet clusters: also checkerberries and berries of the mountain ash. Almost everywhere in the deep woods skunkberries were to he found. I ale a lot of these, which contain much nutriment. These berries are black and fuzzy and probably receive their name because they resemble the fur of the skunk. They grow on high bushes. I chewed a great deal of spruce Kum. Hut as 1 said before, such food was not very substantial. It was enough ^ to get along on for awhile, but I needed something more. While that first trout had not been particularly palatable without salt. I realized that it had given me strength and made up my mind that I must get some more. f The loss of that deer meat was a great loss indeed. Once again I headed for the Hig Spencer stream country. I knew, or thought I knew, where I could find some good spring holes, in which I 1 WILDERNESS KNOWLES & Co. j hoped to catch sonic trout. After a long linn* tny search was rewarded. I found a spring hole which was alive with them. I went downstream a little way. where with rocks I made a small pool. Then I went back to the big pool and began to drive the trout into the small pool. Down they went into my trap! All I had to do was to wade in and just pick them up with my hands. I gathered up as many as I thought I needed and carried them to a rough lean-to?one which I had thrown up the night I came to this region from the Lost pond district. Doubtless people who have always fished with a line and hook can scarcely conceive catching fish with the bare hands. But it is the simplest thing in the world. In some instances during my life in the forest I could have ob( iinoii h!irr?l? of tish in this manner had I seen fit. I remember one day when I crossed the beaver dam previously mentioned. I wanted some lish, so I promptly let the water out of the dam. In the shallow pools were stranded quantities of fish. I did this out of necessity, and as soon as 1 had all I needed I immediately dammed up the broken places so that the fish left behind would not die. Of course many of the fish I caught in the Big Spencer stream country would not have kept very long without some sort of preparation on my part. To cure the fish. I selected several fiat rocks and built a smoke hole with them, in which I hung the fish on The Author's Lean-to, Photographed After He Had Left It. sticks to smoke. 1 let them smoke for several hours, after which they would keep for days. When I had an abundance of raspberries I would spread them out on pieces of bark to dry and shrivel up. In this wav I oreserved many berries. By this time I was satisfied in my mind that 1 would not suffer physically from the experiment. 1 had fire and shelter and was getting enough to eat. Already I began to feel that I would never again think of such a thing as "calling it off." but that I should be able to stick it out the full time. Perhaps it was because I had the companionship of a fire. Fire was my greatest asset in the woods by far. With a fire you have got about everything. It would be difficult?In fact, I do not believe a man could get along for any length of time in the wilderness without it. First of all, it aids you in a hundred ways. Next, it is a comfort?a wonderful comfort. When I made my fire bigger I would say to myself, "Here, 1 am making room for another fellow." Then for hours I would sit in front of it, thinking of my friends and of the outside J ?-?_ .1 4.. 4< T ...,.nl/l worm. rruni nine iu nine x. >u catch myself talking out loud to myself. The mere fact that I felt that imaginary people were there made it so much easier to be alone. As a comfort producer lire is second to nothing in the world. As I look back on it now it seems as if it did about everything for me. Ofttimes 1 would run across a log. which was to heavy for nie to carry. 1 would get busy making a fire beneath it and burn it in two. Then, if the pieces were still too large. I would burn them in two again and so on until I had chunks light enough to carry. 1 hadn't been iu the forest long before the vision of a bow and arrow danced before me. 1 realized that it would, of course, require a lot of patience to make such a weapon, but I knew I could do it. Until I could ob tain some rawhide 1 knew I should have to use the twisted lining of the inner bark of the cedar for a string. Hut, such as it was. it would be vastly better than nothing. Here the fire came to my aid again. In the midst <>f a tangle created by the uprooting of a maple tree which as it fell had crashed into a hornbeam, carrying it with it, I found a hornbeam sliver, which 1 knew was the best kind of wood with which to make my bow. Such a stick in the rough hasn't the slightest resemblance to a bow. Then 1 built a fire and let the stick burn for awhile, turning it now and then to get an even char. With a sharp rock 1 would then begin to scrape off the char, after which proc ess the stick would he returned to the lire until a new char had huriied. I scraped and charred that stick until I had reduced it to one inch in thickness. And all tile while the tire had been seasoning it nicely for me. With the rocks 1 smoothed and rounded it perfectly. When it was done I had a formidable weapon, which aided me greatly in after days. It would be impossible for me to enumerate the tilings fire w ill do for a man if he will only let it and steer it. It will cook his food, as it cooked mine. If there are vicious animals in the forest it will keep them away. All a man would have to do. if attacked, would be to throw a burning brand Into the bushes, and the creature would run quickly away. It might be starving, but it would not come near the fire. Again, fire made several clearings for me when I wanted to get rid of the tangle and underbrush. It smoked my fish, and it even broke my rocks. Many time I cooked my food on heated rocks, which were perfectly clean and very handy. (To be Continued). WORLD'S WILD ANIMAL SUPPLY More Jungle Beasts are Shipped from Singapore Than Elsewhere. Mure animals?wild ones, that is? are shipped from Singapore than from any other port of the world. Singapore is the collecting place for half Asia, and there are steamships which actually specialize in this trade and cater to it. Elephants, panthers, leopards, deer and monkeys, of many kinds, crocodiles, snakes, in huge variety?all these are shipped at Singapore. The collectors buy wholesale from the Chinese agents, who are particularly good about getting the creatures they want. Wild animals won't stand confinement in the hold of a ship. They are all, or almost all, carried as deck cargo. This means a lot of extra risk, for a bad storm or a sudden change of temperature may play havoc with a valuable consignment. The most precious of all four-legged passengers is a giraffe. A giraffe is a most difficult creature to catch alive, and, when caught, too often dies Derore it reaches the coast. For 20 years?from 1880 to 1900?only three giraffes were brought to Europe. During the present century the supply has been larger owing to the opening up of East Africa, particularly of the Soudan. A young giraffe, even before shipment, is worth at least ?200, and needs two men to look after it. One that was sent from Delagoa Bay to the London Zoo was 11 feet high, and was packed in a huge box ten feet high, with an opening in the top for the lengthy creature to put its head out. Something like ? 50 worth of fodder was shipped for its consumption on the voyage, and when it was landed the box was found to be too big to go through the railway tunnels. Every bridge and tunnel was measured, then the box was reduced to eight loloun.mlnir \ > ttircilTe hut he ar rived safely in London none the worse for his cramped journey. A bis elephant is an awkward animal to handle, especially to set aboard ship. Elephants, as a rule, hate ships. When Barnum bousht the famous Jumbo for ?2,000 it took about a week to p.-rsuade him to enter the box in which he was eventually shipped. Jumbo weished seven tons, so when he arrived at Liverpool to be shipped to America he had to be floated down the river in a barse and hoisted aboard ship with a derrick. The pontoons would not stand his colossal weight. Ano'ther bis zoo elephant, Jingo, was sold to an American in the year 1903. He suffered from both home and sea sickness. All he would eat on shipboard was biscuits soaked in whisky. On the sixth day out the poor creature died. It is said that he was simply broken-hearted. Mandarin, one of Barnum & Bailey's finest elephants, went mad in midocean aboard the Minneapolis and tried to kill his keepers. It was decided that he must be executed. A great hawser was run around his neck and attached ?*** on(ritU' nnrl in this WRV he was strangled. His body was dropped into the sea. It occasionally happens that animals break loose aboard ship, and then there is serious trouble. In March, 1995. the steamer Neidenfels, with a cargo of wild animals, met with a storm in the middle of the Indian ocean. A partition separating three leopards from an elephant and her calf was broken down, and one of the leopards put out a paw and seized a carrot which the elephant calf was eating. Instantly the mother elephant struck the leopard with her trunk, knocking it several feet away. Keepers heard the scream of the leopard, and rushed up to find all three leopards attacking the elephant. Two were at last beaten off; one was killed outright, the poor mother elephant was so shockingly mauled that she died two days later. Fortunately the calf was unhurt. Pythons are packed in sacks?three in each sack. Four sacks go into a box tina th?? lid is nailed down. The snakes travel without water or food and with very little air. An early autumn frost cost the late Carl Hagenbeck more than CI'.OOO. It killed a whole consignment of valuable eastern snakes when they were within two days of their destination.?New York Press. This Year's Wheat Crop.?Despite a wheat crop estimate this year of 030,000,000 bushels, the largest on record, there is no prospect, according to the department of agriculture, of greatly reduced prices. Such a large crop would augur very low prices, said the department in a statement recently, were it not that the world's crop of wheat and competing grains do not promise more than the average of recent years. Besides, more than the usual diversion of wheat from its use as food for live stock may be expected because of tbe present relatively short supply of corn in sections where there is promise of abundant wheat. With corn selling in Kansas for about seven cents more per bushel than wheat, it is not surprising, otlicials say, that much wheat should be consumed as feed by animals. It is estimated that about 45,000,0011 bushels of wheat of last year's crop was consumed as animal feed. Wheat sold for only 1.4 cents a bushel more than corn on July I, according to the average of prices for all states, just announced by the department of apiculture. In Kansas corn was selling for seven cents more a bushel than wheat. This was due to the failure of the Kansas corn crop last year and the fine prospect of the wheat crop this year. The a vet-ape price of wheat for the country on July 1 was 76.9 cents a bushel. This is 19.3 cents less than the July averape for the past live years. In North Carolina the price was $1.05. while in Oklahoma it was 61 cents. The averape price of corn was 75.5 cents a bushel, or six cents a bushel more than the five-year average. In Iowa corn sold at 63 cents: in North Carolina 9S cents. FOOTSTEPS OF THE FATHERS As Traced In Early Files of The Yorkville Enquirer # NEWS AND VIEWS OF YESTERDAY ? Bringing Up Records of the Past and Giving the Younger Readers of Today a Pretty Comprehensive Knowledge of the Things that Most Concerned Generations that Have Gone Before. The first installment of the notes appearing under this heading was published in our issue of November 14. 1913. The notes are being prepared by the editor as time and opportunity permit. Their purpose Is to bring into review the events of the past for the pleasure and satisfaction of the older people and for the entertainment and instruction of the present generation. SiXTY-SIXTH INSTALLMENT. Thursday Night, May 2nd. Dear Enquirer: In obedience to request, albeit we have had a very busy day of it and would like to sleep now, we sit down at ten at night to the pleasant task of writing to the first number of your semi-weekly issue. To give you an idea of camp-life as it comes home to our "business and bosom," and to forewarn you not to expect too garrulous and long-drawn out letters from us hereafter, we will give this day's routine, which is to be our daily to an unknown date in the future: We rose at 5; at 5.30 drilled one hour, then one hour for sending off the mail of the "Jaspers"; from 7.30 till 9 pre paring ana sunmuung tne morning report" of the regiment; from 9 to 10, officer's drill; from 10.30 to 11.30, company drill; from the latter hour till 2 p. m., for dinner, recreation, reading the news and writing letters; 2 to 3, company drill again; 3 to 5 leisure, reading, chatting, amusement; 5 to 6, regimental dress-parade; 6 to 8 supper and a walk, then prayer and tattoo, and now to this writing after reading President Davis' altogether superior and admirable message. A quiet rumor reached our ears today that the military authorities about the island are somewhat apprehensive of the seaward approach of the enemy. We cannot credit it, however. We told you in our last how and wherefore we had slept a night last week with our shoes on. That excitement was blown off with the morning Seabreeze. This will follow in its wake. The fact is we are far quieter here than you perhaps are in?dear me!?the dear upcountry. The Courier, Mercury, News, Union Press, Mountain Eagle and Enquirer? and these few and far between?are me oniy papers we nave iaia eyes on since we came here. All our news before we Ret it is like our baker's bread, cold and stale; and much of it, like some biscuits received from home, is mouldy. Appropos of mouldy biscuits and their tardy arrivals in camp, we are reminded of a request coming from friends of our volunters in your midst to let them know how to direct boxes of provisions. The company to which the "happy recipient" in prospective belongs, should he specified; and the boxes consigned to the care of G. W. Williams & Co., Charleston. This enterprising and courteous firm have kindly consented to look after these interests of the regiment in the city. A little incident?showing the "pluck" of the "Catawbas"?occurred in camp today, too good not to narrate. A burly, blustering fellow rode across the line of their encampment, and was ordered to "halt" by the sentinel on duty at the post. This he failed to do, ??? ** ! 1,. ? 1 uw nv?u, nmur K<iuu ms fSL'UJJr. H tried it again, but our mountain boys were too hard for him. Two of them sprang at him, and deposited their bayonets in either side just deep enough to tickle the ribs; and there he stood between Scylla and Charybdid, and cried out like a good fellow for mercy. Imagine how his crest fell! The sand-battery, mentioned in our last, is progressing linely. It will be about a half-circle, with salient and re-entrant angles, like the renowned old revolutionary "stockade-fort" at Ninety-six; and the grim "dogs of war" will point their muzzles from its embrasures in every direction. The field before it, for half a mile .to the tast (on the water), and to the north and west (on the land), is exposed, and if ever Lincoln's hirelings attempt to invade this island, it will prove a formidable preventive. We learn this evening that they wish 100 men daily at Fort Moultrie front our regiment. These garrison duties, together with the delay unavoidable in DR. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR Doctor Taylor, at present chief of the bureau of plant industry in the department of agriculture, will succeed Dr. 11. T. Galloway as assistant secretary of agriculture in August when the latter will resign to become di::? of the college of agriculture at Cornell university. uniforming the "5th," will likely keep us here a month or so, even if we are invited to go to Virginia at all. If Raymond's very wise and feasible plan of landing troops at Port Royal to overrun Charleston and Savannah he adopted by the much obliged Mr. Lincoln, of course, we will have our hands full here! Mr. Ruffln thinks that the war will end in six months; for 'we have a commercial bit, in the mouth of the north, that will restrain their rage.' This you know, dear Enquirer, has from the first been our opinion. We notice they are already beginning to count the cost. One New York paper puts it down at $07,200,000 for one year for the army alone. They will be sick of soldiering by the time the new cotton crop comes in; and desirous of returning to their old habits of seeking public protection for their private enterprises, and swindling both public and private in trade. Yet it is our safety to look at the gloomiest side of the picture, and be prepared, both in spirit and resources, to pass through a long and ruthless war of fanaticism, baffed cupidity and rage against the upheavals of now a united and mighty people in defense of their liberties. This continent, too, has been so long prosperous?there is such an excess of capital to spend, "higherlaw" turbulence and lawlessness to curb, and blood to spill?that it is fearful to contemplate to what lengths madness and folly may go in this unholy warfare. No one in the regiment is at all seriously ill. The government feeds us well. Our leaders are strict, as they should be; there is consequent good order. and verv little dissatisfaction. The regiment is some-what divided as to going to Virgina. With some, the fever runs pretty high; others prefer lo stay here. We have been garrulous enough in this letter after all; and so we are Sub silentio Our Corporal. (To Be Continued). A LAND OF SUPERSTITION Chinese* Have Many Strange Ideas Which to Them are Real. It is not always safe to kill a snake in China. It doesn't matter much whether the snake is of the water species or of the land variety, or within the reptile's body is supposed to reside the spirit of what the yellow men worship as the Dragon King. This latter is believed by the average superstitious "John" to have the power of ruling over Hoods. This Dragon King represents one symbol in the ritual of worship of the Chinese religion called Taoism. China practically possessed three different forms of religion until the advent of the Christian missionaries. The first of these religions was in the form of a philisophy. This still exists to some extent, and is known as Confucianism. The second form has been recognized as Budhism, which still exists throughout China as symbolized in the worship of idols. As you travel through the country, here and there you will frequently run across idols of Budha located on the hillsides or other quiet and sequestered spots conducive to reverential reflection. Plenty of worshipers yet pay their homage to these Budhist idols, and you can see them conscientiously observing the for mal ceremonies of their worship. But this form of religion is steadily dying a natural death since the advent of Christianity. The third variety of religious observance among the Celestials is that of Taoism. This was started by an old patriarch named Lao-tgu, who had surrounding him a group of "eight immortals" as his disciples. One of these latter was given the responsibility of representing the god of barbers. The Taoist worshipers have temples erected in each native town. In those temples are pictures portraying the horrors of the future life. When the souls of the dead are ferried across the river Styx, the artist has painted a grewsome thought. Men and women are depicted as climbing towering mountains of ice only to fall back into a gaping abyss as they nearly reach the top. As they fall their bodies are revealed as being caught upon spears and tossed backward and forward by deft executioners. These grewsome pictures show the suffering to be final ly ground up oetween rniusiones. nouie uf them show sharp swords slashing to pieces the bodies which hiive escaped the millstone process, and little dogs are pictured as running after the sufferers lapping up the blood. On certain occasions after a death the family will proceed in a body to these temples and will hold a public wail. On the drum tower of the Taoist temple at Tientsin it has been common to see richly dressed native merchants kneeling to an iron pot containing incence burned in honor of his excellency the rat. Other similar disgusting procedures could be observed. It is hard to conceive that human beings can be so superstitious as to deliberately endure such empty practices of hallowed mockery. Yet this is one phase of China, the China of today. The few modernized Mongolians surely have their hands full in effectively combat't!g this awful element of ignorance u d bigoted superstition and in holding their newly organized republic to the main highway of progress.?Philadelphia North American. The Better the Deed.?He was a olonel of the old school, a veritable Lord Chesterfield. Though suffering from chronic financial embarrassment, he could always find the proverbial friend in need. Meeting an old comrade one day, he asked the loan of $."i. "I shall need it fur a short time only; a tradesman has grown rather insistent," he said. His friend had not $f> in chanige, hut gladly pressed a ten dollar hill upon him. The r olonel expressed his thanks; then asked, "And how is your charming wife today?" "Not at all well. I am sorry to say." was the answer. "And no appetite. I'll venture. Perhaps some of these hothouse grapes may tempt her." Whereupon he stopped at a nearby stand, purchased a basket of rare fruit, paid $f> the dealer asked out of his newly acuuired $10 and walked jauntily to the gate of his friend's home, carrying the basket.?New York Post. ijftiscrUanrous Reading. CLOSE RANKS! Daily Newspapers Arguing for Elimination of Surplus Candidates. Practically all of the daily newspapers are devoting themselves to pointing out the danger of going into the gubernatorial election with too many candidates. The administration forces have four candidates, and the anti-administration forces six. Most of the daily papers assume that the anti-administration forces have a majority in a straight tight; but point out that if they divide between six men with the administration forces divided between only four, the second race will be between two administration candidates. The purpose of such argument is to make '--entiment in favor of concentration and as soon as one side begins to show evidence rkf O 'licrwicition In fnllnvv this noHPV. the other side will do likewise. One of the most comprehensive surmises of the situation we have seen up to this time appears in the Greenville Piedmont, of Tuesday. It is as follows: "There are thousands of people in South Carolina who regard Bleasism as the predominant issue in this state this summer. Not a few of these would regard it less of a misfortune for Please to be elected senator. provided no Bleasite became governor, than for Blease to be defeated for senator, if his successor as governor should be a man who would, in that olllce. use his power along the same lines that Blease followed as governor. , "To those who think this way the seriousness of the situation is beKo tinnoranl Thov nrp KIIII'IIIK I" u^l/unri... -"W ?. firmly convinced that at the present time a majority of the voters of the state are against Blease for senator and a Bleasite for governor. But, the opposition is embarrassed with such a superfluity of good and popular gubernatorial candidates that it is very possible?one might almost assert probable?that the second race, and a second race under present conditions is a certainty, may come between two candidates who are supporters of Please. Such an outcome would not only make it absolutely certain that Please's successor will be a Bleasite but would have no small effect in helping him in the second senatorial primary, it now being generally regarded as certain that there will be a second senatorial primary, and that Elease will be one of the two candidates who will have to run over. /VtJ "The situation in the gubernatorial campaign this year is very much like I ~ wnatnrlol IIIUI n lllt'll r.xisiru m mc hu. .u. campaign in 1892. That being the case, it will be profitable to review tha-.facts as to that campaign. In 189:y six men aspired to succeed MctTTurin in the senate. They were Hemphill, of Chester; Elliott, of Beaufort; Johnstone, of Newberry: Henderson, of Aiken; Latimer, of Anderson, and Evans, of Spartanburg. It is generally regarded as certain that practically none of those who voted for Hemphill, Elliott, Henderson or Johnstone in the first race, would have voted for either Latimer or Evans in the first primary had any one, two or three of those four fiu-n minfUflflpv hpfnr** th0 balloting began. Fut each of those four was more anxious to be senator than to prevent the election of Latimer or Evans, so none withdrew. The result was that while Johnstone, Hemphill. Elliott and Henderson, representing one faction: collectively polled ten or fifteen thousand more votes than Latimer and Evans, representing the other faction, polled together. the majority vote, split into four nearly even parts, gave each of he majority candidates a smaller vote than the minority vote, split into two uneven parts gave each of the two minority can idates, and the consequence was that the second race was between the two minority candidates, neither of whom was the second choice of any considerable number of those who voted for one of the other four candidates in the first race. "Conditions are ripe for practically the same thing to happen in the gubernatorial campaign this year. There are eleven candidates: Clinkscales. Mullally, Cooper, Irby, Browning. Duncan. Manning, M. L. Smith, Richards. C. A. Smith and Simms. Dun can and Mullally are generally regarded as negligible factors, few believing either will poll a thousand votes. There is a general idea that the same is practically true of Simms, whose vote will be a little larger but local in its character. Irby and Richards are regarded as out and out Rlensites, while Clinkscules, Cooper, Crowning. Manning and C. A. Smith are regarded as objectionable to the bleusiles. While M. L. Smith has staled on the stump that he will not vote for Blease for the senate, rumors persist that there is a possibility of support of him by the Rleasites. if conditions warrant it. "The Rleasites are better organized than their opponents and it seems to be a fact that they have much better political generalship. They know it is tin impossibility for them b> concentrating their strength upon one candidate to elect him in the first primary. Two reasons guarantee this: "1. Their full strength, even if concentrated, would be insufficient. "2. It cannot be concentrated, because till votes connot be taken from the other I leasite candidates, and because not a few Rleasites. through local conditions or friendships, will vote in the first race for some of the opposition candidates. 'I'll o l.oiiifr the the wise tiling politically for the Hleasites to do? and it is reasonable to expect them to do the patently wise thing politically is to play for as nearly an even division of their strength as possible between two candidates they regard as favorable to their cause. If this be done, it is not certain, but it is highly probable, that the second race will come between those two. "In 1X92, the majority senatorial candidates each had more ambition than patriotism, so none would withdraw. Is the same tiling true of the anti-lllease gubernatorial candidates in 1914? If so, the odds are that the experience of 1892 will be repeated. Two of them may safely stay in the race, but not all live or six of them, according as M. L. Smith is classed. < >f course, the trouble would be to determine which of them should withdraw. If all stay In the race, there is great danger that all of them will be defeated, despite the fact that they will collectively poll more votes than their opponents. The trouble is as to how to determine which should withdraw. That must be left to their individual patriotism. If any of them are more anxious to defeat Bleastsm than to become governor, they will take careful stock of their probable strength in the first primary and act accordingly. The man or men among them who says he will withdraw rather than indir.wtlv pnntrihutp to si triumnh of Bleasism in the gubernatorial race, will not be elected governor this year, but he will so win the hearts ol antl-Pleasites than he will be certain of their united support of his political aspirations at a more propitious season. There will be election years other than 1914. If selfishly all the anti-Blease gubernatorial candidates stick in the race this year and the outcome of their conduct shall be a second race between two Bleasites, all of them should be buried so deep politically that they will never again be heard of as real factors in South Carolina politics." FAMOUS CITY OF WITCHES Twenty Persons Put to Death to Stamp Out Black Art. Salem is famous in early Colonial history- for its witches. The delusion which led to the execution of twenty persons and the torture of fifty originated through the hysteria of the children of the Rev. Samuel Parris, says the New York Times. In the winter of 1691-2 his daughter Elizabeth, aged 9; his niece Abigail Williams, aged 11, and several friends used to meet and practice tricks. A half-negro slave, Tituba, began to teach them what she called the "black art," and soon they were barking like dogs or screaming at some object they said they could see althouirh invisible to everyone else. Witchcraft was a very real thing to the people of the seventeenth century, and Cotton Mather and his teachings encouraged the belief in it. Some one had to be blamed for the folly of the girls, and Parris beat Tituba until she admitted that she had bewitched the children. John Indian, her husband, through fear, accused others, and the young people of Salem, notably Ann Putnam, spread the stories. At length a regular reign of terror prevailed in the village. Any one who had a grudge against another could accuse him, and strangely enough, some of those thus caluminated admitted that they really were obsessed. A special court was formed to try those who had sold themselves to the devil, and it was unsafe to express doubt of any one's guilt. Parris got the Rev. George Burroughs, pastor of Salem, hanged as friend of the witches, and one colonist Giles Corey, a man of 80, in connection with the craze achieved the dis uncuon 10 De me oniy itiu.ii ever niam in America, by the old punishment of peine forte et dure. Accused by Ann Putnam, he was determined to do all he could to save his property for his Tf he was brought to trial and convicted it would be confiscated, and the one way he could avoid this was to refuse to plead. So he stood mute as the charge was read to him, and, according to custom, his obduracy was punished .by the peine forte et dure. Iron weights were piled upon him but not quite enough to crush him. Then he was left to linger in agony and fed with only enough bread and water to Keep him alive. Tradition has it that the brave old man stood this torture with such courage that he taunted his persecutors and asked them to pile on heavier weights. He died this way and four days later his wife also was tried for witchcraft and hanged. *r\ National FlaaS.??There is nothing about which civilized nations are so sensitive as the courtesy due to their national flags. A deliberate insult to a flag will bring even the most patient of nations to boiling point. Flag incidents always lead to strained relations and often to war. How seriously nations take these things is shown by the suddenness with which a war-cloud loomed up when Huerta, the Mexican dictator, quibbled about saluting the American flag after his officers had illegally arrested United States marines. It was a flag incident that renewed the Balkan war after Turkey had been successfully crushed by the three allies. There was strong ill-feeling among the allies as to the divison of the spoils. A small Servian party crossed the Bulgarian border and was quietly looting a village near Vratza, when the local postmaster hoisted the 1 1 Dnl.,aFlfin rtrtfr I'ftl, mini aiiu niiuv Liu.bui IMII ...?o over the postoffice. He was shot in the act and the ila? riddled with bullets. Next morning Bulgaria declared war. Flag incidents keep cropping up accidentally, but apologies smooth matters over. It is, for instance, a mortal insult for a ship to My another national Mag below its own, as this implies capture and conquest. It has occasionally been done with Mags on gala occasions A Russian warship did it some years ago during a call at Portsmouth. It was, of course, followed by a complete apology to the local admiral. This explains, why, when the British admiralty issued a universal code of signals some years ago for use by all the nations, there was a good deal of international heartburning over tincolored plate of national Mags that prefaced it. The I'nion Jack, naturally, came first. Diplomatic relations, particularly with Oermany, were rather strained for some time, though there was no danger of war. It was recalled that alphabetical order was impossible, as many nations spell each other's names differently. Britain, for example, ?ip<vh1/1 nnnnt P.ormMnv nmnnjr thp OVq while Germany calls itself Deutschland, among the D's.?Philadelphia Ledger. t' Not since 1860 has the output of quicksilver been so low as last year, which showed the smallest production. except in three years, since 18f?0, when the commercial production of quicksilver began in this country. The decrease amounts to $279,887. GYROSCOPE IN AVIATION Long-Sought Stabilizer Performs Astonishing Feats of Maintained Bala nee. Most people are able to stand on the ball of one foot and keep their balance. Close your eyes and try to do the same thing, and it is not as simple as it seems. This, however, is exactly the situation in which an aviator finds himself when he flies into a fog bank. But here the result of a mistake is infinitely more serious. There is nothing for his eye to take as a basis from j which to form any judgment, and he is forced to rely on tne instinctive orsings of his muscles. This is only one of the reasons why some automatic stabilizer has been sought so much of late years. On June 18 last, at Bezons, France, Lawrence B. Sperry drove a Curtis hydroplane equipped with a gyroscopic stabilizer and performed feats that would have been pronounced impossible a few years ago. His father, Elmer A. Sperry, was the Inventor. Standing up in his machine with both hands in the air, touching no levers, the young man told his mechanic to climb out on one of the planes. The man did so, yet he had no more desire to die than you or I have. He calmly obeyed orders, stepped out on the wing as he might have sauntered out on the balcony of a house. Nothing happened. The machine maintained a horizontal course, while the ailerons did extra work. Lateral stability had been demonstrated. Next the mechanic climbed oft t fwt'o r/1 tho nrnnollor anmp fl VP nr six feet. Again the machine was undisturbed. Longitudinal stability was proven. It is almost needless to add that a stabilizer that will stand such tests as these will stand equally well unfavorable weather conditions. M. Rene Quinton, president of the National Aerial League of France, was taken up by Sperry later, in a strong, gusty wind that whipped the branches of the trees along the Seine. This remarkable young man, Sperry?he Is only 21? thereupon proceeded to set the automatic device for a rise of forty-flve degrees to the horizon. Without touching his hands to any control except his steering wheel he continued in that position as long as he wanted to, and M. Qulnton testifies he felt as if he were in an ordinary machine on a calm day. It must be remembered that all this I ?-? nKmit o Kq If mllo n/Q a covered, the hydroplane was automatically compensating for every blast of wind that struck it, and M. Quinton insisted that there was a gale blowing at the time. Four small gyroscopes do the governing. Two of them take care of the lateral stability and two protect the longitudinal equilibrium. Each is in its own air-tight case, so that vacuum may be retained. These gyroscopes are turning inside the cases at a speed of 12,000 revolutions a minute. Pretty high that, but you do not fully realize it until we say it means 200 turns a second. Now you can see why vacuum is necessary. All friction with the air has to be avoided at that speed. Moreover, if the power at any moment should give out unexpectedly, these gyroscopes will keep on turning for about thirty minutes and still be available as stabilizers, time enough to land from any conceivable height to which a machine would go. Tho r>nooa nra tha atnf nn nrrilnnrv baseball, and the power required for all four is about half that needed to run the ordinary office light. They consume about six watts of electric power apiece. No one will suppose that an instrument so small and requiring so little electric power can of Itself keep a heavy hydroplane from upsetting, and, of course, it does not. These four gyroscopes simply set into motion the motors that change the planes, known as servo-motors, and are electrically controlled. The whole stabilizer is thrown on or off at the will of the operator by a foot pedal which, by the way, is the only foot control on the Curtis boat. Whin the stabilizer is active, the pilot has no other responsibility than to steer his rudder. A strong example of t'.iis was given when Sperry took up a man who had never operated an aeroplane before, and, as he had no other conditions or responsibilities, he made a most creditable flight. With this stabilizer, it will be seen, the military aviator can lock his rudder, make sketches, or take observations, and so have a much more comfortable feeling than under the old conditions of flying. One of the great difficulties in hand operation of both the elevating planes and side controls is that -the machine has to make a very appreciable deviation from any normal flying position before the operator is conscious of it, and he. In turn, makes a correspondingly large corrective setting of the planes. So the average flying in any strong wind is a series of dips to and fro, or sideways. As the skill of the aviator becomes greater the dips become smaller. But to some extent they are always there. With the gyroscopic stabilizer the servo-motors are brought into play at the first tendency of the machine to tilt or dip. and the deviation is corrected without the airman having any knowledge of its start. The generator that makes the alternating current for the gyroscope can also supply power for wireless messages. and thus keep the operator in touch with his base. Lieutenant B. N. L. Bellinger, in some experiments per rormea wun i>awrence csperry tasi summer at Hammonsport, has already demonstrated the practicability of the invention for military use, and several have been ordered by the United States povernment. Amazinp delicacy of action has been reached. Among: other adaptations of the ? perry pyroscope is that of recordins: the roll and pitch of ships. In tests on board the United States steamship Warden pendulous pyros were used for recordinp the roll and pitch of the ship. They were used to maintain the athwartship and fore and aft axes, and these pyros operated pencil arms resting: on a paper tape, moved by clockwork. It was found that this mechanism was so sensitive to chanpes in the nnple of roll and pitch of the vessel that it would indicate the roll caused by two men movinp from one side of the ship to the other.?Harold lloeher in the Philadelphia Public I.edper. 'JPT A French scientist says the brain is not necessary for the maintenance of human life.