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v . - \ ^ ?MMB?j ^ ^ I88PEP SSMI-WEEKLY. l. . grists sons, Fabu.h.r., } % #tniig $ ctragapci[: ^or thij |proOToUon a)! th< friitipl, goqial, ^rieuttura! and Commercial Jnterests of th({ |eopi<. | ""'^iVpvI^m ESTABLISHED 185^ YORErvTLLETsT^C.^FMPA YTDECMBERSJ 913. N'O. 97. *? *? ? ? ?+? ? & $. WITHIN ' BY MAR! FROM THE PLAY O] Copyright, 1912, by the H. K. J lT>itifTk A/hA A.T^A AA/fl X/ I V I w?~u? VwV tk/ "w TJTV TVT WW VT CHAPTER XVIII. ^ Th? Confession. Burke pressed the button call and ordered the doorman to send In Cassidy. When the detective appeared he asked; "Does Garson know we've arrested ^ the Turner girl and young Gilder?" And, when he had been answered in the negative: "Or that we've got Chl no/>ou hftre?" C&J5U ACU auu "No," Cassidy replied. "He hasn't been spoken to since we made the collar. He seems worried," the detective volunteered. "He'll be more worried before I get through with him!" he growled. He regarded Cassidy speculatively. "Do you remember the third degree Inspector Burns' work on McGloln? Well," he went on, as the detective nodded assent, "that's what I'm going to do to Garson. He's got Imagination, that crook! The things he don't know about are the things he's afraid of. ^ After he gets In here, I want you to P take his pals one after the other, and lock them up in the cells there in the tho shades on the corridor uuruuvt* ?mv ??? windows here will be up, and Garson will see them taken in. The fact of their being there will set his imagination to working overtime, all right," Burke reflected for a moment, and then issued the final directions for the execution of the latest plot. "When you get the buzzer from me, ' you have young Gilder and the Turner 1 "v. .woman sent in. Then, after a while, you'll get another buzzer. When you iiear that, come right in here, and tell .me that the gang has squealed. I'll do .the rest. Bring Garson here in just live minutes. Tell Dan to come In." As the detective went out, the door*nan entered, and thereat Burke proceeded with the further instructions iiecesaary to the carrying out of his 23VUCLUV. "Take the chairs out of the office, Dan," he directed, "except mine and one other?that one!" He indicated a ^ chair standing a little way from one end of his desk. "Now, have all the shades up." He chuckled as he added: "That Turner woman saved you the trouble with one." He returned to his chair, and when the door opened he was to all appearances busily engaged In writing. "Here's Garson, chief," Cassldy announced. "Hello, Joe!" Burke exclaimed, with * a seeming air ot careiess il lCUUUUvuw, . as the detective went out, and Garson .stood motionless just within the door. "Sit down a minute, won't you?" ithe inspector continued affably. He 4 .did not look up from his writing as he spoite. Garson's usually strong face was showing weak with fear. His chin, which was commonly very firm, moved V a little from uneasy twitchings of his _ iips. His clear eyes were slightly clouded to a look of apprehension as a hey roved the room furtively. He made no answer to the inspector's greeting for a few moments, but remained standing without movement, ?an if sensing some con il'UUSCVl UIV< -- ^ icealed peril. Finally, however, his .anxiety found expression in words, ills tone was pregnant with alarm, though he strove to make it merely complaining. "Say, what am I arrested for?" he protested. "I ain't done anything." ^ Burke did not look up, and his pen continued to hurry over the paper. "Who told you you were arrested?" he remarked cheerfully in his blandest voice. Garson uttered an ejaculation of disgust. "I don't have to be told," he retorted huffily. "I'm no college president, but when a cop grabs me and brings me down here I've got sense enough to know I'm pinched." "Is that what they did to you, Joe? I'll have to speak to Cassidy about that Now, just you sit down, Joe, ? won't you? I want to have a little talk with you. I'll be through here In a second." He went on with the writing. Garson moved forward slightly to the single chair near the end of the * desk and there seated himself mechanically. His face thus was turned "* of eravp nn the toward me wiuuuna uu? e_.? ? corridor, and his eyes grew yet more clouded as they rested on the grim doors of the cells. He writhed in his chair, and his gaze jumped from the cells to the Impressive tigure of the man at the desk. Now the forger's nervousness increased momentarily. It swept beyond his control. Of a *ud% den he sprang up an? stepped close to the inspector. "Say," he said, in a husky voice, "I'd like?I'd like to have a lawyer." "What's the matter with you, Joe?" ^ ;the inspector returned, always with that imperturbable air, and without raising his head from the work that so engrossed his attention. "You know, you're not arrested, Joe. Maybe you never will be. Now, for the love of Mike, keep still and let me finish this letter!" y Slowly, very hesitatingly, Garson went back to the chair, and sank * * * ? e\t rip. down on it in & nmp annuuc v* ub Jection wholly unlike his customary postures of strength. Again, his fear fascinated eyes went to the row of JI^T cells that stood silently menacing on the other side of the corridor beyond the windows. His face was tinged with gray. A physical sickness was creeping stealthily on him, as his thoughts held Insistently to the catastrophe that threatened. His Intel^ ligence was too keen to permit a belief that Burke's manner of almosi fulsome kindness hid nothing ominous?ominous with a hint of death foi him in return for the death he had wrought. . .Then, terror crystallized. His eyes were caught by a figure, the figure ol X'assidy, advancing there in the cor .T1 rT., ,Ti /T^ - - /T>A. rV WV wV vTV Vwv tiTv tiTvTi? VtiTV THE LAW /IN DANA F BAYARD YEILLER ^ly company. &A fT^AfT^ /?%- -/TV /ftA/ft <CiA/fV A/f^A -A./TV A. yV wiTi- w "w QTAVV u?Tty tSTV rldor. And with the detective went a man whose gait was slinking, craven. A cell door swung open, the prisoner stepped within, the door clanged to, the bolts shot into their sockets noisily. Garson sat huddled, stricken?for he had recognized the victim thrust into the cell before his eyes. It was Dacey, one of his own cronies in crime ?Dacey, who. the night before, had seen him kill Eddie Griggs. There was something concretely sinister to Garson in this fact of Dacey's presence there in the cell. Of a sudden the forger cried out raucously: "Say, inspector, if you've got anything on me, I?I would"?The cry dropped into unintelligible mumblings. Burke retained his manner of serene Indifference to the other's agitation. Still, his pen hurried over the paper, and he did not trouble to look up as he expostulated, half banteringly. "Now, now! What's the matter with you, Joe? I told you that I wanted to ask you a few questions. That's all." But after a moment, Garson's emotions forced him to another appeal. "Say, inspector"?he began. Then, abruptly, he was silent, his mouth still open to utter the words that were now held back by horror. Again he saw the detective walking forward, out there in the corridor. And with him, as Derore, was a second figure, which advanced slinkingiy. Again the door swung wide, the prisoner slipped within, the door clanged shut, the bolts clattered noisily into their sockets. And, in the watcher, terror grew? for he had seen the face of Chicago Red, another of his pals, another who had seen him kill Griggs. At last he licked the dry lips, and his voice broke in a throaty whisper. "Say, inspector, if you've got anything against me, why"? ""*** ? 'J aU*?" onvthlnc "WOO said lucre naa H..J against you, Joe?" Burke rejoined, in a voice that was genially chiding. "What's the matter with you today, Joe? You seem nervous." Still, the official kept on with his writing. "No, I ain't nervous," Garson cried, with a feverish effort to appear calm. "Why, what makes you think that? But this ain't exactly the place you'd pick out as a pleasant one to spend the morning." He was silent for a little, trying with all his strength to regain his self-control, but with small success. Burke believed that his opportunity was come. His har.d slipped into the pocket where was the pistol, and clutched it. He stated at Garson fiercely, and spoke with a rush of the words: "Why did you kill Eddie Griggs?" "I didn't kill him!" The reply was quick enough, but it came weakly. Again, Garson was forced to wet his lips with a dry tongue, and to swallow painfully. "I tell you, I didn't kill him!" he repeated at last, with more force. "You killed him last night?with this!" Burke cried, viciously. On the instant, the pistol leaped into view, pointed straight at Garson. "Why?" the inspector shouted. "Come on, now! Why?" "I didn't, I tell you!" Garson was growing stronger, since at last the crisis was upon him. He got to his ieet witn lime swutness ui muvciucui /O# Wm? "Say, inspector, if you've got anything on me"? and sprang close to the desk. He bent his head forward challengingly, to meet the glare of his accuser's eyes. There passed many seconds, while the two men battled in silence, will warring against will. In the end it was the murderer who triumphed. Suddenly. Burke dropped the pistol into his pocket, and lolled back in his chair. His gaze fell away from the man confronting him. In the same Instant. the rigidity of Garson's form relaxed, and he straightened slowly. "Oh, well," Burke exclaimed amiably, "I didn't really think you did, but I wasn't sure, so I had to take a chance. You understand, don't you, Tnc "Sure, I understand," Garson replied, with an amiability equal to the ' inspector's own. ' Burke pressed the buzzer as the agreed signal to Cassidy. "Where did I you say Mary Turner was last night?" I At the question, all Garson's fears i for the woman rushed back on him i with appalling force. "I don't know where she was," he exclaimed doubtfully. He realized his blunder even as the words left his : lips, and sought to correct it as besi he might. "Why, yes. I do, too." he went on as if assailed by sudden memI ory. "I dropped into her place kind ol late, and they said she'd gone to bee i ?headache, I guess. Yes, she was f home, of course. She didn't go oui - of the house all night." His in sistence on the point was of itself suspicious, but eagerness to protect her dulled his wits. "Know anything about Gilder?" Burke demanded. "Not a thing," was the earnest answer. The innner door opened, and Mary Turner entered the office. Garson with difficulty suppressed the cry of distress that rose to his lips. For a few moments the silence was unbroken. Then presently Burke by a gesture directed the girl to advance toward the center of the room. As she obeyed he himself went a little toward the door, and when it opened again and Dick Gilder appeared he interposed to check the young man's rush forward as his gaze fell on his bride, who stood regarding him with sad eyes. Then, while still that curious, dynamic silence endured, Cassidy came briskly into the office. "Say. chief," the detective said rapidly, "they've squealed." "Squealed, eh? Do they tell the same story?" And when the detective had answered in the affirmative, he went on speaking in tones ponderous with self complacency. "I was right, then, after all? right all the time. Good enough." Of a sudden his voice boomed somberly. "Mary Turner, I want you for the murder of? Garson's rush halted the sentence. He leaped forward. His face was rigid. He broke the inspector's words with a gesture of fury, His voice came in a hiss: "That's a lie! I did It!" (To Be Continued), The abov? cut shows the proposed completed. The first court hous shortly after the organization of Yor lected by five court commissio was displaced by the original of the of some twenty feet to the rear. As .? aaaaftifl unilJ 09 lfifl every puipuor umit *W9 tlcally Intact. After the fire the bujl additional rooms In the wings. Also CASE OF C. P. SIMS Peeples Begs to bo Excused and Henry Will Prooecute. Attorney General Peepleo In a letter to the supreme court last Tuesday, asked to be excused from acting as prosecuting attorney In disbarment proceedings brought against C. P. Sims, the Spartanburg attorney. Following the receipt of the letter from the attorney general. Chief Justice Gary appointed J. K. Henry, solicitor of the Sixth Judicial district, to act as prosecuting attorney. Solicitor Henry was present In the court and will act In the case. It was announced by the court "on account of the gravity of the charges and the Importance of the consequences both to the respondent and to the bar of the state, the case would not be heard until after the election and qualification of the fifth member of the court." The following letter was addressed to Chief Justice Gary, of the supreme court, by Thomas H. Peeples, attorney general: "I am In receipt of your request, through Mr. Domlnlck, the assistant attorney general, that this office take charge of the prosecution In a certain proceeding pending In the supreme court, entitled, 'Ex parte. 8. G. Finley. petitioner, In re C. P. Sims,' unless for any reason I Bhould desire to be excused from complying with the request. "In response to this request, I would respectfully submit that this proceed ing has been tiled wunoui any nonce or consultation whatsoever with my office and without an opportunity being given me to make any preliminary examination into the matter before the proceedings were brought, so that I might determine the manner and method of bringing the charges to be made. Such proceedings are most serious and far-reaching in their con1 sequences, and I certainly do not desire to be placed in the position of standing sponsor for such proceedings unless, after a full and thorough examination on my part all of the facts and circumstances in the case, 1 should be satisfied of the justness and . propriety of the proceedings. "Insofar as the present proceedings are concerned, I have been informed of certain facts and circumstances In connection wiin xne same wim-n would^cause me to ask to be excused s from taking any part in the proceed1 ings as the case stands at present. Al' though these facts and circumstances i referred to have nothing to do with l the final determination of the proceedings, I do not think that it would h* ! proper for me to refer to them In dei tail as the proceedings are now pendi ing in this honorable court, r "My office stands ready and willing ; at all times to render any sendee t( you and the court that is in its powei f to render; hut, under all of the cir1 cumstances in the present matter, 1 3 respectfully asks to he excused fron t undertaking the prosecution of thi within mentioned proceedings." FOOTSTEPS OF THE FATHER! As Traced Io Early Files o( Till Yorkvllfe Enquirer NEWS AND VIEWS OF YESTERDA1 Bringing Up Records of the Past ant Giving the Younger Readers of Today a Pretty Comprehensive Knowb ' edge of the Things that Most Concerned Generations that Have Gon< Before. The following notes are being published as time and opportunity permit their preparation. 8EVENTH IN8TALLMINT, Thursday, October 2, 1866.?W? looim **r( + Vi nlooonro that tho horrApUfi of the King's Mountain military school are well-nigh finished. The professors and cadets have taken formal possession and have entered fully upon the rigid system of discipline, which albeit, under many unpardonable conditions, has already won for the school a desiredly high reputation throughout the state. R 1? Perrv nrlntn a fArd In which ^ f ??? ??-----? he denies that he has ever said anything of an uncomplimentary nature about the Kansas company. ? It }s learned ffom reliable authority Jh?t Cpl. p. P. gjadler is Jo take charge of jhp Roue hptej. - - ! :-l r-lF ' \ m jBP^ ^R' ?-*. *.^^G SI K!MlrHLW "' * Vfjfrl' - 'M&. Proposed New Court House. new York county court house, as the e erected in York county was a frame k as a district. The site, which was ners, appointed by Governor Moultrie, present brick building, which a few yes thus enlarged the old building, a two2. when the upper story was destroyec d|ng was ren)G(Je|ed by the addition in the clpck tower was added. News has just been received pf thf killing of W, R. Tabor, of Charleston It a duel with Edward G, Mpgrath. The duel was because of certain articles published In the Charleston Mercury Ql which Tabor was editor, signed "A Nulllfler." ? Thursday. October 9. 1856 ?Tom Ballard offers his services as a barber, The Ebenezer Bible society was organized September 28 with the following officers: Rev, J. <3, Richards president; J. 8. Barnett, vice president, Peter Garrison, secretary; R, J Adklns, treasurer. The ladles of the Methodist, churcl announce a supper to be given In tin second story of the Adiokes building or nejct Wednesday evening Thursday, October 16, 1856.?The fal session of Bethel Presbytery was belt at Bullock's Creek church last week Rev. W. J. McCormlck was elected ai moderator. Cotton Is selling at from 10J to Ui cents. ? We publish In this Issue the offlcla statement of the votes polled on Mon day and Tuesday last. It will be seei that Col. R, O. McCaw has been eleot ed senator, and Messrs. J. Q. Chambers W. C. Black, A. Whyte and Edwan Moore, representatives. Col. T. W Scruggs has been elected tax collecto and John M. Ross, Esq,, has been re elected ordinary. The aggregate voti 4 A 1 tbn laMaroat av/os r*r\l I oH i T WU|i 4,114. IMP ??*! o.v? this district, and the vote for Mr. J. C Chambers, 1,669, the largest ever pallet for a representative, A very small in crease will entitle our district to an other representative In the house. * ? The following Is the panel of grant Jurors: John Hill, R. F. Currence John Walker, John Smith (Hatter), W ' A. Workman. J. D. Dowdle, John Pe i ters, John R. Hall, David Swett, Wm Feemster, Amos Burns, James McEl i wee, A. J. Glngles, H. A. Galloway Hugh Mills, R. M. Wallace, R. H. Ashe | Hugh Borders, Samuel Anderson. 1 Quite a spirited discussion has beei I conducted of late by the Columbia am i Charleston papers, pro and con upoi 1 the propriety of removing the Cltade I academy to Columbia. The measure ha attracted attention mainly because o the periodical recurrence of yellow re ' ver in Charleston, rendering necessar i a temporary removal of the lnstitutlo during the summer months. The En s quirer takes occasion to present th claims of Yorkville as superior to eithe Columbia or Charleston. ' Thursday, October 23/1856.?The re > ceipts and expenditures on account c f the poor for the year 1855 amounted t $4,305.22 and on account of roads an t bridges $2,940.29J. Adam Ivy. ager i for the Catawba Indians, reported re 6 ceipts amounting to $1,595,351 and balance on hand of $130.96. ? Thursday, November 6,1856.?"FourI teen likely negroes will be sold Friday, the 14th at the late residence of Jesse Holland, deceased. In Gaston county. ! See advertisement." Thursday, November 13, 1856.?At a meeting of citizens held in the court [ house on Friday the 7th Instant, the following delegates were appointed to attend a meeting to be held at Shelby 1 on the 10th Instant In the Interest of . the extension of the King's Mountain railroad: Col. Wm. Wright, George Steele, Esq., and John S. Moore. ? The Presbyterian synod of South Carolina met at Chester last Wednes. day, I Thursday, November 20, 1856.?Governor James H. Adams publishes h|s annual Thanksgiving proclamation, calling upon the people to observe that I day Jn thanksgiving and prayer, i I Thursday. November a7, 1856.?1The South Carolina conference of the Meth1 odlst Episcopal church was held in the i court house last week. Bishop Andrews i presided. Rev. A. H. Lester was appointed to the charge of Torkvllle sta lion, wnicn was men a pari, 01 onciu/ District." Tbe general assembly on yesterday on the first joint ballot, elected the Hon. R. F. Alston governor and Hon. i Gabriel Cannon lleutenat governor of the state of South Carolina. The annual rejiort of W. C. Beauty, s president of the King's Mountain railway company, shows gross earnjngs same is intended to appear when it is building that was erected in 1786. the same as that now in use was seDuring 1823 and 1824 the old building irs later was enlarged by the addition -story structure, stood and served 1 by fire, leaving the lower story prncthe -rear, including two stories and s $27.14j.15 and gross expensps pf $14.1 317.64. This |8 f?r thP year ending July 1 1, 1858. 1 (To be Continued.) Ll- '.' I" 1 /\# DonomhftP 1 ? upilifiiuiu. oppti^i h? _, tP Charlotte Observer: Governor please today affixed his signature to . new bonds, while indicating his disapproval of the bond act and of the transfer in no uncertain terms, in a letter to the state treasurer the gov ernor expresses himself as follows: "I . notice that the stock certificates presented by yoq and signed by a. w. Jones, comptroller general, and Mar tin F, Ansel, D, C, Jieyward and my. self, as governors, bearing different dates, read in part as follows: 'Stock certificates of this Issue are free from all state, county and municipal taxes ( whatsoever, are exchangeable for cqu* pon bonds and are transferable in person or by attorney on the books of the i state treasurer at Columbia, 8- C., by virtue of an act approved the 32nd of Pecember. 1892-' This certificate, as I have stated, is signed by the governor 1 of South Carolina, countersigned by j the comptroller general, and bears the seal of the state. This, therefore, Is ' a contract of the state, and of course 3 should be carried out. I therefore affix my signature in order to carry out the agreement made by the legal agents of the state, in accordance with J the act of the general assembly. Personally I would not have approved this act, and personally, I do not approve of this transfer, particularly at this 1 time, while the bond matter is in the . very unsatisfactory condition that it is, and is awaiting the action of the legis' lature Jn order to settle the dfferences - between members of the sinking fund i, commission, J-Jowever, the matter j having been put up to me as it is, I see but one thing left for me to do, and > for that reason and that alone I subr mit to this transfer, and affix my slg. nature to the next bonds." e i m ? i Using ths Watch a> Compass,?The !( watch is often used to give the comI pass point exactly. Thus: Point the . hour hand to the sun; then, in the . morning, half way between the hour hand and noon is due south. If afternoon, one must reckon half way back ward. Thus, at 8 o'clock In the morning, point the hour hand to the sun and reckon half way to noon; the south is at 10. If at 4 In the afternoon, point the hour hand at the sun and reckon , back half way. The south is at 2 o'clock. The "half way" is because the sun makes a course of twenty-four hours and the clock of but twelve. If we had 11 a rational timepiece of twenty-four ^ hours, it would fit in much better with n all nature, and with the hour hand '' pointed to the sun would make 12 8 o'clock noon always south. '' If you cannot see the sun, get into a clear, open space, hold your knife y point upright on your watch dial, and n it will cast a faint shadow, showing where the sun really is, unless the e clouds are very heavy.?"Boy Scouts r | of America." Keep it Dark.?In the deserted klnd ergarten room at the settlement a little if girl was thumping the piano to her 0 heart's content. A resident looked In at . the door and smiled. "Go right on. Catherine," she said, "if you are sure it your hands are quite clean." >- "Oh, that's all right, Miss Emily," was the answer. "I'm being very careful; I'm Just playing, on the black keys."?New York Globe. PRESIDENT TO CONGRESS First Annual Message a Statesmanlike Paper. BRIEF AND STRAIGHT TO THE POINT Plain, Broad Statement Aa to Mexico ?Currency Muat Be Reformed, and Agricultural Development Muat Be Foatared?Firm Stand for Preaidential Primarioa, Gentlemen of the Congresa: "In pursuance of my constitutional duty to "give the congress Information of the state of the Union." I take the liberty of addressing you on several matters ^ .ich ought, as it seems to me, particularly to engage the attention of your honorable bodies, as of all who study the welfare and progress of the nation. "I shall ask your indulgence If I venture to depart in some degree from the usual custom of setting before you in informal review the many matters which have engaged the attention and called for the action of the several departments of the government or which look to them for early treatment in the future, because the list is long, very long, and would suffer In the abbreviation to which I should have to subject It. I shall sub mlt to you the report* of the head* of the several departments, in which these subjects are set forth in careful detail, and beg that they may receive the thoughtful attention of your committees and of all members of the congress who may have the leisure to study them. Their obvious importance, as constituting the very sijbstance of the business of the government, makes comment and emphasis on my part necessary. At Peace With the World. "The country, I am thankful to say, is at peace with $.11 the world, and many happy manifestations multiply about us of a growing pofdiglity and sense of community of interest among the nations, foreshadowing an age of settled peace and good will. More and more reatiily each decade do the na tlons manifest their willingness to bind themselves by solemn treaty to the processes of peace, the processes of frankness apd fair copcefls|on. go far the United States has stood at the front of such negotiations. She will, I earnestly hope and confidently believe, give fresh proof of her sincere adherence to the cause international friendship by ratifying the several treaties of arbitration awaiting renewal by the senate. In addition to these, it has been the privilege of the department of state to gain the assent in principle, of no less than 31 nations, representing four-fifths of the population of the world, to the negotiation of treaties by. which It shall be agreed that whenever differences of In-' terest or of policy arise which can be resolved by the ordinary processes of diDlomacy they shall be publicly ana lyzed, discussed, and reported upon by a tribunal chosen by the parties before either nation determines its course of action. "There is only one possible standard by which to determine coptroversies between the ynitpc} States and othep natjony, apd (hat is compounded of these two plemepts: Opr own honor and opr obligations to the peace of thp world. A test so compounded ought easily to be made to govern both the establishment of new treaty obligations and the Interpretation of those already assumed. moAiwvt "There js but one cloud upon our horizon. That has shown Itself to the south of us, and hangs oyer Mexico. There can bp no certain prospect of peace In America until General Huerta has surrendered his usurped authority in Mexico; until it Is understood on all hands, indeed, that such pretended governments will not be countenanced or dealt With by the government of the United States. We are the friends of constitutional government in America; we are more than its friend*. we are its ohampions; because In no other way can our neighbors, to whom we should wish in every way to make proof of our friendship. work out their own development In peace and liberty. Mexico has no government. The attempt to maintain ?>f the Pitu nt M?lpn ha? broken W"W ?V ? down, and a mere military despotism has been set up which has hardly more than the semblance of national authority. Jt originated in the usurpation of VJctoriano Huerta, who, after a brief attempt to play the part of constitutional president, has at last cast aside even the pretense of legal right and declared himself dictator. As a consequence, a condition of affairs now exists in Mexico which has made it doubtful whether even the most elementary and fundamental rights either of her own people or of the citizens of other countries resident within her territory can long be successfully safeguarded, and which threatens, if long continued, to imperil the interests of peace, order and tolerable life in the lands immediately to the south of us. Even if the usurper had succeeded in his purposes, in despite of the constitution of the Rervi?Kii/i o?wi riohic r\f its npnnlp hp would have set up nothing but a precarious and hateful power, which could Have lasted but a little while, and whose eventual downfall would have left the country in a more deplorable condition than ever. But he has not succeeded. He has forfeited the respect and the moral support even of those who were at one time willing to see him succeed. Little by little he has been completely Isolated. By a little every day his power and prestige are crumbling and the collapse Is not far away. We shall not, I believe, be obliged to alter our policy of watchful waiting. And then when the end comes we shall hope to see constitutional order restored in distressed Mexico by the concert and energy of such of her leaders as prefer the liberty of'their people to their own ambition. Domestic Affairs. "I turn to matters of domestic concern. You already have under consideration a bill for the reform of our system of banking and currency, for which the country waits with impatience, as for something fundamental to its whole business life and neces sary to set credit free from arbitrary and artificial restraints. I need not say how earnestly. I hope for Its early enactment Into law. I take leave to beg that the whole energy and attention of the senate be concentrated upon it till the matter Is successfully disposed of. And yet I feel that the request Is not needed?that the members of a great house need no urging In this service to the country. "I present td you in addition, the urgent necessity that special provision be made also for facilitating the credits needed by the farmers of the country. The pending currency bill does the farmers a great service. It puts them upon an equal footing with other business men and masters of enterprise as it should; and upon Its passage they will And themselves quit of many of the difficulties which now hamper them In the field of credit. The farmers, of course, ask and should be given no special privileges, such as extending to them credit of the government Itself. What they need and should obtain la legislation which will make their own abundant and substantial credit resources available as a foundation for joint, concerted local action in their own behalf In getting the capital they must use. It is to this we should now address ourselves. Farm Develooment. "It has, singularly enough, come to pass that we have allowed the Industry of our farms to lag behind the other activities of the country In Us development. I need not stop to tell you how fundamental to the life of the nation Is the production of Its fpod. Our thoughts may ordinarily be concentrated upon the cities and the hives of Industry, upon the cries of the crowded market place and the clangor of the factory, but It Is from the quiet Interspaces of the open valleys and the free hillsides that we draw the sources of life and of prosperity, from the farm and the ranch, from the forest and the mine. Without these every street would be silent, every office deserted, every factory fallen fiito disrepair. And yet the farmer does not stand upon the same footing with the forester and the miner In the market of credit. He Is the servant of the seasons. Nature determines how long he must wait for his crops, and will not be hurried In her processes. He may us. - .a. W..4 4 k . ...4*. tfive me uuic, uui iiie ocubu u ui no maturity depends upon the season when his crop matures, lies at the gates of the market where his products are sold. And the security he gives Is of a character not known In the broker's office or as familiarity as It might be on the counter of the banker. The Department*. "The agricultural department of the government is seeking to assist as never before to make farming an efficient business of wide co-operative effort, 4n -quick touch with the markets for foodstuffs. The farmers and the government will henceforth work together as real partners In this Held, where we now begin to see our way very clearly and where many intelligent plans are already being put Into execution. The treasury of the United States has. by a timely and well considered distribution of its deposits, facilitated the moving of the crops in the present season and prevented the scaroity of available funds too often experienced at such times. But we must not allow ourselves to depend upon extraordinary expedients. We must add the means by which the farmer may make his credit constantly and easily available and command when he will the capital by which to support and expend his business. Wc lag behind many other great countries of the modern world In attempting to do this. Systems of rural credit have been studied and developed on the other side of the water while we left our farmer to shift for themselves in the ordinary money market You have but to look about you In any rural district to see the result, .the handicap and embarrassment which have been put upon those who produce our food. Conscious of this backwardness and neglect on our part, the congress restAnflxr o iithnrlzori tho orpfltinn of a special commission to study the various systems of rural credit which have been put into operation in Europe, and this commission Is already prepared to report. Its report ought to make it easier for us to determine what methods will be best suited to our own farmers. I hope and believe that the committees of the senate and house will address themselves to this matter with the most fruitful results, and I believe that the studies and recently formed plans of the department of agriculture may be made to serve them very greatly in their work of framing appropriate and adequate legislation. It would be indiscreet and presumptuous In any one to dogmatize upon so great and many-sided a question, but I feel confident that oommon counsel will produce the results we must all desire. Anti-Trust Laws. Turn from the farm to the world of business which centers in the city and in the factory, and I think that all thoughtful observers will agree that the Immediate service we owe the business communities of the country is to prevent private monopoly more effectually than it has yet been prevented. I think it will be easily agreed that we should let the Sherman antitrust law stand, unaltered, as it is, ,lL u~ (TfAim/i o hnil t It Willi lis ucuaiauic gtv/unu avvuv but that we should as much as possible reduce the area of that debatable ground by further and more explicit legislation; and should also supplement that great act by legislation which will not only clarify it but also facilitate its administration and make it fairer to all concerned. No doubt we shall all wish, and the country will expect, this to be the central subject of our deliberations during the present session; but it is a subject so manysided and so deserving of careful and discriminating discussion that I shall take the liberty of addressing you upon it in a special message at a later date than this. It is of capital Importance that the business men of this country should be relieved of all uncertainties of law with regard to their enterprises and Investments and a clear path indicated which they car travel without anxiety. It is as important that they should be relieved of embarrassment and set free tt prosper as that private monopoly should be destroyed. The ways of action should be thrown wide open. Presidential Primaries. I turn to a subject which I hope can be handled promptly and without serious controversy of any kind. I mean the method of selecting nominees for the presidency of the United States. 1 feel confident that I do not misinterpret the wishes or the expectations of the country when I urge the prompt enactment of legislation which will provide for primary elections throughout the country at which the voters of the several parties may choose their nominees for the presidency without the intervention of nominating con ventlons. I venture the suggestion that this legislation should provide for the retention of party conventions, but only for the purpose of declaring and accepting the verdict of the primaries and formulating the platforms of the parties; and I suggest that these conventions should consist not of delegates chosen for this single purpose, but of the nominees for congress, the nominees for vacant seats in the senate of the United States, the senators whose terms have not yet olosed, the national committees and the candidates for the presidency themselves, in order that platforms may be framed by those responsible to the people for carrying them Into effect. Insular Affairs. These are all matters of vital domestic concern, and besides them, outside of the charmed circle of our. own national life in which our affeotlons command us, as well as our consciences, there stand out our obligations toward our territories over sea. Here we are truateea Porto Rico, Ha wall, the Philippine* are ours. Indeed, but not ours to do what we please with. Such territories, or.ce regarded as mere possessions, are no longer to be selfishly exploited; they are part at the domain of publio conscience and of serviceable and enlightened statesmanship. We must administer them for the people who live In them and with the same sense of responsibility to them as toward our own people in our domestic affairs. No doubt we shall successfully enough bind Porto Rico and the Hawaiian islands to ourselves by ties of justice and interest and affection, but the performance of our duty toward the Philippines is a more difficult and debatable matter. We can satisfy the obligations of generous justice toward the people of Porto Rico by giving them the ample cLiiii (iiuiuar riBiiis ami puvncgcB atcorded our own citizens In our own territories and our obligations toward the people of Hawaii by perfecting the provisions for self-government already granted them, but In the Philippines we must go further. We must hold steadily In view their ultimate Independence, and we must move toward the time of that Independence as steadily as the way can be cleared and the foundations thoughtfully and permanently laid. Toward Self-Government Acting under the authority conferred upon the president by congress, I have already accorded the people of the islands a majority In both houses of their legislative body by appointing five Instead of four native citizens to the membership of the commission. I believe that in this way we ah all make proof of their oapaclty In oounael and their sense of responsibility In the exerclse of political power and that the success of this step wilt be sure to clear our view for the steps which are to follow. Step by step we should extend and perfect the system of selfgovernment In the islands, making test of them and modifying them as experience discloses their successes and their failures; that we should more and more put under the control of the native citizens of the archipelago the essential Instruments of their life, their local Instrumentalities of government, their schools, all the common Interests of their communities, and so by counsel and experience set up a government which all tne woria will see to be suitable to a people whose affairs are under their own oontrol. At last, I hope and believe, we are beginning to gain the confidence of the Filipino peoples. By their counsel and experience, rather than by our own, we shall learn how best to serve .them and how soon it will be possible and wise to withdraw our supervision. Let us once nd the path and set out with firm and confident tread upon It and we shall not wander from it or linger upon It. Alaska. A duty faces us with regard to Alaska which seems to be very pressing and very imperative; perhaps ( should say a double duty, for it concerns both the political and the material development of the Territory. The people of Alaska should be given the full territorial form of government, and Alaska, as a storehouse, should be unlocked. One key to it is a system of railways. These the government should itself build and administer, and the ports and terminals it should Itself control in the interest of all who wish to use them for the service and development of the country ana lie people. But the construction of railways is only the first step; is only thrusting the key to the storehouse and throwing ' back the lock and opening the door. How the tempting resources of the country are to be exploited is another matter, to which I shall take the liberty of from time to time calling your attention, for it is a policy which must be worked out by well-considered stages, not upon theory, but upon lines of practical expediency. It is part of our general problem of conserva1 tlon. We have a freer hand in working out the problem in Alaska than in 1 the states of the Union; and yet the principle and object are the same, wherever we touch It. We must use the resources of the country, p-?t lock them up. There need be no conflict or jealousy as between state and Federal ' authorities, for there can be no essen' tial difference of purpose between them. The resources in question must be used, but not destroyed or wasted; used, but not monopolized upon any 1 narrow idea of individual rights as against the abiding interests of communities. That a policy can be work1 ed out by conference and concession 1 which will release these resources and ' yet not jeopard or dissipate them, I I ' (Continued on Fourth Page.)