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? " * ' 11 ??? ISSUED SEMI-WEEKLY, I.m.OEIST'S sons, PuMithen. [ 31 c#amilg JnBS{iap?i: 4?r promotion aj( folitigal, Wat, ^sri?allui;a! and Commtrcial Jnttresls aj the | ESTABLISHED 1855; VO RKVILLE, 8. C., FRIDAY, APRIL Q5, 1913. NO. 33. I A CROOK OF % Sophia Lyons Was Heredity and Family's 1 Sophie Lyons's real story makes the lives of many other extraordinary * criminals dull reading. She was a crime expert by heredity and always lived up to and excelled the family reputation in first-class crook work at home and abroad, having operated in nearly every part of the so-called civilised world and having been at one time or another in every worth-while prison in Eu rope and America. "Where Is Sophie Lyons?" I asked the Who's Who authority at Police headquarters, the Second Deputy Commissioner, George S. Doughtery. Mr. Doughtery, though busy as usual, was courteous. Courtesy is a line art with him. Sometimes I think he discovered It Anyhow, he makes the quality popular and deserving to be placed at the head of the list of an active man's dally necessities and accomplishments. "I really think she has reformed." he answered, though there was no shade of regret In his tone. "Who would have thought It of Sophie Lyons? She nev_ er was a mind reader so far as I know, r but surely she never looked forward to such a finish. Sophie was the liveliest thing moving when she was on the Job, and she hit every human angle known to crime scientists?excepting murder; that was too obvious for her; she was too smooth for murder. Sophie, didn't W have temperament?she had a call." Then Mr. Doughtery told me of the perpetually thrilling career of the woman. In her best crook days she was fond of tracing her ancestry back for two or more generations and finding leading thieves and criminals on both sides, In whose deeds of daring she took as much pride as a Colonial dame does in her ancestry. They were chivalrlc achievements In her estimation, and she boasted that her grandfather, who had lived in London, was a "cracksman to whom Scotland Tard . took off its cap." ? For years she gloried In the audacious robberies of her husband, Ned Lyons, who stole millions from bank vaults of this country and furnished her with wealth to supply her culti vated but extravagant tasies. * Oh, Ned liked to steal. He wasn't a martyr nor a suffering hero, and Sophie wasn't his favorite vampire In the beginning. He didn't put the blame on any one. But when gunshot wounds and sickness Impaired his usefulness in crookdom she left him for a burglar who gave promise of even more brilliant endeavor. Sophie came from crook stock, lest we forget, where excuses never went?only the goods delivered had any show In her reckoning. He # was able and willing to steal for two, was Ned Lyons, but he was down and out, and Sophie wasn't living In the past. One of her chief regrets was that death cut short her plans to educate her son, George Lyons, In the way he 4 should go to perpetuate her fame and further illustrate the theory of heredity. He died in Auburn prison, and his mother spoke of him as being cut off in his promise. She has two daughters?and here is her sorrow. The girls when little were sent to a convent near Toronto. At intervals, made irregular by her frequent confinement in prison, one went, w ?o them. In the summer of 1888, after her return from Parts, they were her guests at a hotel for two weeks, during which ^ they learned the secret of their mother's life. Sophie Lyons was heartbroken. She attempted to explain. The girls, convent bred, were amazed and crushed. Their mother spoke a foreign language to them. She said she would reform. Even then the daughters did not know how to listen; all their training had not prepared them for the test. They went back to the convent and took the veil, and Sophie was In despair. She had fancied by the time the girls were old enough to vote she would have earned enough to retire with them and live quietly forever after. But destiny caught her unaware. She has| not seen them since. Her bluff, which had stood her faithful ally for years, deserted her. Bluff was her great game. She could make one that upon more than one occasion staggered a chief of police with evidence in his possession sufficient to convict her In a court of law, but she % convinced him that he had made an unaccountable mistake. She did this in Paris before the memorable time she met her daughters, when she was caught in the act of stealing, but so audacious were her statements and so natural was the womanly Indignation ^ which she feigned that not only did * the police release her, but the whole American colony demanded an explanation, while a newspaper there demanded an apology by the government for what it called an affront placed upon "an estimable American lady of high social connections." But Sophie Lyons had a beginning. and here it Is: Deputy Doughtery explained her first appearance in America according to his best information. It was immediately after the closp of the war that Sophie Levy came into the life of Ned Lyons, her husband. She was a slender, bright-eyed girl, chaperoned in her particular circle, by Mme. Mandelbaum, the queen of "fences.'' Her mother, Ann Levy, was + at that time serving a four-year sentence in Sing Sing, the last of several for shoplifting, and all of Sophie's acquaintances recalled with fervor the expertness in a house-breaking way of her father, Sam Levy. Ned Lyons met the patrician?he recognized her charms and talents? and they were married. Lyons had in the meantime formed an alliance with Jimmy Hope, Max Shinburn and Charley Bullard, all men who have assisted in. making criminal history. They planned the robbery of the Ocean bank, located at Fulton and Greenwich streets. This was in 1869 B and cost the bank an even million. Lyons returned to his Long Island home and lived quietly but luxuriously on his share of the spoils: His wife was proud of him?life seemed brighter and George was born. % One night she chided him on his lack of ambition. She said if she were a man she would have more to show for her work, and that as It was, she was anxious to get into active service. "I can steal enough for two," he insisted. "I am a better thief than you," she retorted with a touch of professional Jealousy. And she went out the next day to demonstrate that the blood of her forefathers no longer was dominant in her. When her baby was six months old she was caught in the theft of a quantity of lace in the shop of Koch & Co. Lyons spent money and kept his wife out of state prison, but she was sentenced to six months on the Island. Early in 1870, when she was still a prisoner, Lyons, in connection with Jimmy Hope, George Bliss and Ira Kinsland, took a trip to Waterford, N. Y., and cracked a bank safe, getting away with $150,000. Lyons, Kinsland and Bliss were captured and sent to Sing Sing for seven years each. Hope was taken in Wyoming county and sent to Auburn from which he straightway escaped. In these days only criminals of the high standing of Hope, Lyons, Bliss, Dutch Heinrich and the like succeeded in "escaping" from prison. Sophie served her little term and again went to work, but was caught with $1,000 worth of plunder in A. T. ^ hhmm fei THE BLOOD. g wt mi Crime Expert by jjj Lived up to " deputation. | ha I rru Stewart's store, convicted and sen- ne tenced to five years In Sing Sing Oc- j WI tober 9, 1871. bu Ned Lyons's friends were alert In da the meanwhile. On December 4, 1872, op Ned dressed In a suit of citizen's 0f clothes that had been smuggled In to sei him through the gate. He hid In the ] bottom of a wagon and rode out to 0f liberty, and, as he hoped, to Sophie. er< His partners, Bliss and Kinsland, had th< previously, with the timely aid of pals, ] made a safe getaway. lai Now a free man, Ned Lyons set out gpi to see what could be done for his ver- pF( satile helpmeet, Sophie. On December Biv 19, 1872, Lyons and another man drove he up in a sleigh while a rather healthy bit blizzard was in force a d approached gr< the female entrance to the prison, at m? that time located on the hill. gjr The companion rang tbe bell. "I have jnj a basket of fruit for a sick prisoner," hei he called out. * v& The door was opened aad Sophie Ly- pe ons sprang past the guard, followed by pai the merciful fruit man, Jumped Into wb the sleigh and was driven off to safe- ny ty. Lyons and his wife reached Cana- At da and remained quiet for a while, but his they never broke training completely. a An opportunity presented Itself to ju their restless spirits to robapawnbro- eu, I ker of Jewelry valued at $46,000. "With fOI this booty they returned to New York gjj and took up their old residence on er Long Island. ha It was "In again," "cut again" for peI several years, but once Sophie was re- th< leased before her husband. She re- \ turned to New York and fell in with a dir crook named Hamilton Brock, known ha as "Hambrock." ho, When Lyons was discharged later, wa he got a gun before he did a shave and go started on a hunt for Hambrock. ceI Hambrock saw him first, and before gT( Lyons could draw his weapon and de- to fend the sanctity of his home he fell jn with a shattered Jaw and a bullet In jec his body. His recovery was a miracle. bl? but Sophie was the only name he men- hei tloned In delirium. A year later he rig went to South Windham, Ct. to rob the store of J. B. Johnson. Hambrock, p0l who didn't feel sure of his life while ? Ned Lyons was gunning for him, 8]0 heard of the proposed Connecticut Job afj and betrayed him to the South Windham officers. I Lyons had Just broken a shutter and fe, I was climbing into the window of the j store when he was fired on, both be- ?h? *-?- ? 11 o riflo nina ttnu ueiure, vnc van a ? erj passed through his left lung and body. wb The other, a pistol ball, entered his 8b| back to a depth of nine inches. ab It was while lying unconscious in a tll< hospital at Hartford, supposedly dy- < | lng of his wounds, that the first photograph of Ned Lyons was obtained. exi When he recovered he was sent for chj a short term to the Connecticut state we prison, and when he get out he went do directly to a small town near Spring- cjt field, Mass., where he robbed a drug- a t store and postofflce, was captured, 1 sentenced to three years in Massachu- be setts and came out a physical wreck, Dr( his ability as a burglar gone. Ke Ned Lyons realized then how he _r< stood with Sophie. He was finished. jj0 She deserted him for Hambrock and . set out to find new adventures. wr In this undertaking she was not at b]e all disappointed. Her career became an livelier than ever, and she came into a startling experience at Grand Rap- z_, ids, where she undertook to enforce thj certain demands by sitting dally on the horse block of the residence of a weal- De| thy lawyer, who was not a ready re- p0. sponse to a blackmailing scheme that arr she had put into circulation. On the wJ third day the lawyer, who didn't like her looks, anyway, turned a hose on ? . her. She was indignant, but not dls- _i. heartened, and diverted herself by 5,h mixing up with various sensational te(^ episodes, but was finally caught steal- 8ld lng diamonds in a Detroit Jewelry shop Qe and sent to the Ann Arbor house of ae] correction for three yesrs. ! t Her spirit thrived in no mean way. , When she left Ann Arbor she doubled up with Jem Brady and assisted in a a clever bank sneak at Peoria. A mer- . chant had turned to a desk to recount 00( $4,500 which he had Just received from t t the cashier. A handsomely dressed bo woman passed him and dropped her handkerchief. The merchant stooped to pick it up. He returned it politely. Then he turn- blj ea to tne aesK. His money was gone. Brady had It. Brady grot two yearw. Sophie went , free, as there was no evidence she couldn't explain away. fni Now In her history It Is 1888, and , America seemed small and cramped to t her. Exit Sophie. h Enters into Paris Madame De Var- . , ney, wealthy American widow, on H sightseeing' and pleasure bent. What costumes, what Jewels, what |i modest grief and womanly bearing! , One day madame wes driving. She P * left her carriage and mingled with the fl crowd about the Arc de Trlomphe. " ' A watchful gendarme could have b sworn he saw her hand In the pocket Pr of a portly citizen. Certain it is the citizen missed his purse and sounded an alarm. ' Nothing of an incriminating nature P" was found on Madame De Varney. She denounced her arrest as an outrage and aroused the sympathy of members Vf of the American colony. The Paris edition of a New York P newspaper wrote columns about the 'v. stupidity of the Paris police. United ?: Stares Minister McLean was Induced : to Interfere on behalf of the fair Amerlean. f' On a trial madame was discharged and the American colony was exultant. 2P The newspaper printed a double-lead- ^ ed editorial of the great injustice done zj ?* ?? ? ?A?MAi.iAmon Ku fVlO o" an American gciiucnviwui overzealous police. This was Sophie Lyons?New York Telegraph. Di USE OF THE AIRCRAFT IN WAR pr tl< Important Part Dirijible and Asro- th plane Will Play in Battles of the R) Future. fo The far-reaching results of success- 8u ful reconnaissance In war were fit- M tlngly summed up by Frederick the Great. "If," said he, "we had exact information of our enemy's disposi- th tions we should beat dim every minute." Nowadays every commander in .. the field hopes to obtain this "exact information" by means of his flying er corps. Until recently a general relied m mainly on his cavalry for intelligence h? duties, but the information he obtain- b( ed from this source invariably related re lO evemo sevciai uuun> uiu. mc siw uc speed of air craft has changed all In this. His flying squadrons can also be pe used by him for purposes of offense? namely, bomb-dropping; for commu- as nlcatton by means of wireless, or slg- ac naling between the widely extended wi wings of his army; and last, but by no w means least, for observation of artil- th lery fire. Darkness, fog and perhaps ill very stormy weather, these alone will co prevent his air vessels from viewing th every disposition and movement of his n? adversary. ch During the war in Tripoli the Italian m aeroplanes made reconnaissance daily, gr and the materials for the map of the wi Tripolltan region were mainly obtained cc from photographs ta en from dlrlgi- of hies by Italian obser\ ?rs. The Italian te government evidently appreciates very ti< fully the value of air craft In war, for af it intends to form before the end of co this year twelve squadrons of aero- ai planes, and has already ordered three m new dirigibles. For purposes of de- w ise and communication Italy is al pending over a quarter of a mill! establishing a chain of hydro-aer ine stations round her coast. The e to be twelve of these stations frc to 125 miles apart. In July. 1912, ta announced from Milan that h rlgible M. 1 was equipped with ti ichlne guns, several bomb-dischar % appliances and a wireless Install in. The range of aerial wireless tel aphy Is at present only from 380 0 miles. [n the Balkan war two aviate sre killed by rifle Are. Dr. Jul instantln was the second to meet I ath in this manner. He was stru a bullet while endeavoring to dr mbs on the Turks at Tchatalja, b d sufficient strength left to steer I inhlnn Inroap^ tho Rlllrarlan PAH ar which he was found dead. T ngs of his biplane were riddled wi lleta. The Bulgarian aviators ma lly flights over the besieged Adria le, and were able to report the resi the Are of their artillery and to o rve every movement In that city. During the French army manoeuve 1912 forty thousand miles wereco ;d by her fleet of aeroplanes ai ire were no accidents. For purposes of war on sea and * id, each form of craft has Its ov ecial duties, but the dirigible is isent the form best suited for offei e action. As compared with tl &vler-than-alr machine, the dlrie s has a larger radius of action, iater carrying capacity and It can r iln motionless In the air by its ei ies being stopped?a risky proceei r in the case of the aeroplane. T1 ivler- than-air machine has the a< ntage over its larger and more e: nsive rival In speed, handiness. cor rative invulnerability, the height iich it can rise and In its power ing under bad weather conditio! Tunis last December M. Garros, i Gnome-Bier lot monoplane, flew height of 19,000 feet At Issy ne, 1912, the Astra dirigible Eclat r Conte rose to 10,000 feet, a reco: llghter-than-air vessels. The dii >Ie has never reached a speed grea than 60 miles per hour; M. Vidrln s accomplished a speed of 118 mil r hour on an aeroplane fitted wi ? "integral propeiier." The aeroplane, by overtaking tl iglble, flying above It, and droppli Qd grenades, explosive rockets, mbs upon its envelope, can In tb ,y bring about its destruction. B far as ships and fortresses are co: ned, the dirigible, on account of i later carrying capacity, and owii the fact that it can remain stea< the air, is able to direct on the ol t of its attack a far more formidi ! and better-aimed fire than can tl ivier-than-air vessel. The larger d Ibles can carry a supply of ammi ion weighing from 1,000 to 2,0 unds. rhe dirigible, as the larger and tl wer moving of the two machine ords the gunner an easier targi envelopes, too, are filled with an ii mmable gas; but, doubtless, in v years such a gas will not be use Experiments recently conducted < s Continent show us that on a mo< itely calm day there is no reasi iy a large and steadily moving al Ip, with good sights, should not 1 le to drop 60 per cent of its proje is into a circle of 2,000 feet. A# awnlAsiuAB ^rAnrv, iuc cuov w vi va)/ivd1*v0 m* v|^>n m an airship is generally great tggerated. A dirigible which di urges its cargo of, say, 20 shells, eu lghing 50. to -en 100 pounds wou little damage In the most crowdi les. Bomb-dropping at night will 1 'requent occurrence in war time. Svery war of the future, whether waged on land or on sea, will 1 eluded by a series of fierce air-ba s. In view of this fact, witness tl ;at strength of foreign air batta ns. According to Aeronautics, Oermai II in a few months possess 27 dirlfl of high power, carrying capaclt d speed. Of these at least 15 a lltary or naval craft. The dlriglb ppelln L. 1, recently delivered i German navy, has a volume 1,000 cubic feet, a speed of 62 mil r hour, and a useful load of 14,0 unds. Its length Is 526 feet, and d leter of 49 feet It Is equipped wi reless apparatus, and carries oi n at least. The crew of this vesa islets of two naval officers, one ei ieer officer, one pilot and ten me e Schutte-Lanz S. L. dirigible is fl 1 with an armored platform on ea< !e, on which a gun can be mounte rmany also possesses a fleet of 2 roplanes, 120 of which are of tl est design and make. 3y next June, France will have igibles, of which number 20 aref vol nr militopv nnrnnaoa Hap lor : is the Speiss, whose volume is 40( ) cubic feet, length 341 feet, diam * 43 feet, and speed 50 miles p ur. In 1912 France purchased 4 roplanes of war, and it is authoriti ely stated that this number will 1 eatly exceeded in 1913. The Frem >lane of war is capable of accoc >dating three persons, though ord rily only two will be carried?nam the aviator and the observer. T1 ;ter is armed with a repeating ri use against hostile air-craft Russia's new dirigible, the Alb >88, which is driven by two 10 rsepower motors, carries a wirele itallation and one machine gun. >nri Farman biplane which late ssed its tests for the Russian arr fitted with a mitrailleuse. This aer me is almost the only one in exi ice in which there is a clear field e. It is difficult, however, to see he en moderate accuracy of aim can tained with such a weapon, owii the great vibration the engine caus roughout the whole framework. A.11 the powers, great and small, a rchasing air-craft, and we are e avoring to retrieve our past polk lat policy seems to have been thi .n we, a maratlme power, afford velop or aid the advancement of oject likely to affect very materia our predominance at sea? Wha er the answer may be, it was o lusly our duty to retaliate direct tier countries commenced to bul r-craft and to study the art of aer! :omotion. Command of the sea is ii sslble unless we also rule the a a 4?-? *Ka fhol anmo anrc c live III llic wupc mi*w DVMIV O# V itish firm will soon build a hu int of the air, armored and heav: med?the Dreadnought of the Skii Chambers's Journal. Self-Condemnation Sometimes ingerous.?fn the course of a higli actlcal and suggestive article en ?d, "The Mental Law of Habit," e May Woman's Home Companic ilph Waldo Trine discusses hal rming and habit breaking. On t bject of self-condemnation, ys: "Self-condemnation with its alii oughts and emotions has been pi ictive of a far greater loss in init re, in will power and of a far gree degree of lowered vitality, bo ental and physical, than any of ive perhaps realized. It has ev >en commended as a just and proj cognition of one's faults, errors a llnquencies. It Is calculated kno1 gly, or unwittingly, chiefly the latl rhaps, from Infancy to old age. "The child is asked If he Is r ihamed on account of some act :ts that it does not even know rong, and that in many cases are r rong. The young man and maid e same. Men and women in mid< !e naturally then get Into this se mdemnatory state. They weak eir energies, and defeat the hap; >ss of many a day thereby. T lurch, even, from almost time imrr orlal has also been guilty?ev ossly guilty?of the use of thissai eapon, which steals self-respect, d urages and lowers vitality, inste calling out the higher and the b< r self, inspiring and calling into i in thereby faith, and hope, and coi re, those powerful agencies of ? mpllshment, which, when sufflcien 'oused and kept alivo, will carry an or a woman practically ar here. " piscdlancous grading. ire ' ? ?m THE INCOME TAX LAW it er vo Thar* I* a Joker in It But it i* Not g- Against th* Poor Man. a" Yes, there is a "Joker" in the Income ^ tax bill, says a Washington dispatch. But in this legislation, for a change, ?rs the "Joker" is all for the people. ?s The possessors of swollen fortunes " were much perturbed by the pending CK income tax legislation, and when the ?P bill Anally issued from the printers y1 they read it with a great deal of interU8 est. The Arst paragraphs were disiy quieting. They Axed the rates of taxation on private incomes?one per y1 cent on an Income of over $4,000 and ae under $20,000, two per cent on as much as is above $20,000, three per cent on all of It above $50,000 annualb~ ly, and four per cent on any excess of $100,000 per year. Under this gradurs ation a plutocrat like John D. Rockev" feller will be required to pay four per cent Income tax on all his income except $100,000 per year. This was 9n alarming. It was not until Wall street read down to the corporation section at that it felt that perhaps it had been Judging the Democratic house too harshly. For, while individuals are assessed on a graduated scale, corporaa tlons are given a flat tax rate of one per cent no matter how large their J" annual profits. Even the great Steel . Trust will be required to pay but one per cent tax on its vast earnings. J" When the Wall street lawyers read r" this far they smiled cynically. Yes, they had been too hasty In condemnto ing the Democratic house. Here were of the corporations receiving better treatment than individuals. It seemed al* in most like old times. But the smiles faded as they read on into the "Joker." ln For while the corporations escape r" the graduated tax, the stockholder in the corporations does'nt Up to $20.1' 000 the stockholders' Income from corporation dividends is exempt from 68 taxation?the corporation Itself hav88 ing already paid the one per cent on t*1 this amount. But on dividend Incomes above $20,000 the stockholder pays ne one per cent, about 60,000 two per ** cent, and above $100,000 three per ?r cent 118 It didn't take Wall street more than ut a minute to flgure out that this meant that the small stockholder, the widow tfl who Invests the proceeds of her hus}S band's small life insurance policy in J? stocks, the small investor everywhere, will be exempt from excessive taxa- t U* tion. It will put the chief burden of taxation on the rich alone. ll~ ' Wall street would have much preferred to have the corporations them00 selves pay the graduated tax. For ' then the smallest stockholder, the ie holder of a single share, would be re-8? quired to contribute from his slim it. dividends to pay the four per cent n" which such corporations as the Steel 8 trust will have to pay on the bulk of its earnings. )n And in case the rich man would try to evade taxation on dividends by usjn Ing the 120,000 exemption provision? that is, by scattering his investments f be among many corporations so that his c~ dividends in no individual case amounted to more than $20,000?the new income tax bill specifically pro- , ly vldes that in assessing incomes from , 8" dividends, all of the dividends from ? ;j} 'all sources must be treated as & lump, 'jj The individual gets his single $20,000 pcj exemption and that is all. h? The pending income tax bill is one of the most progressive measures ever " submitted to congress with hope of passage. From the first to the last paragraph it is pregnant with pro J0 gressiveism. Cleverness, even craft, has been used by its framer, Representative Cordell Hull of Tennessee, but used to benefit the common people instead of the great financial interests, y. 9 5e ADVICE TO LAWYERS to of Should Not Act as Thouph Clients 00 Interests Were All. 11- The Indianapolis Bar association th l stened to some very excellent advice ne Wednesday night. The counsellor was el John T. Richards, president of the Chicago Bar association. There can, in our opinion, be no doubt that there t- has been a change in the legal profession during the last twenty years, 'd. Perhaps we can never quite get back 60 to the old type of lawyer, but there is tie no reason why the new lawyer should not hold most of the old standards. 26 Few attorneys will admit that when or they accept employment they absolutely sell themselves and their pow- ' !? era to their clients. Tet a good many 6- of them act on that theory when they er get into court. If the law is a pro00 fession that is something that lawyers have no right to do. be But Mr. Richards shall speak for ch himself, to the end that the criticism i" may not seem to be that of an unln11 structed layman. He said: e- "We find many lawyers of this genhe eratlon at the head of the governing flft Ka/Kao a# orrno onrnnro tlnna1 thov A ro no longer lawyers, but business men a- learned in the law. David Paul Brown 0- the brilliant, hard-working lawyer of as a former generation, declared that A 'lawyers work hard, live well and die ly poor,' while the class of lawyers to ny which I have referred by comparison o- work little, live extravagantly and die a- rich, but their riches are accumulator ed, not by 'burning the midnight oil' in pursuit of profession renown, or In be the protection of the life and property ty of their clients, but In contriving ea methods to manipulate the stock market for the benefit of themselves and re their immediate associates, or devlsn ing plans for Imposing upon a gullible :y. public the watered stocks and bonds a: of some pet enterprise, to The Indictment must be upheld. The a public has come to look on the lawil yer as an anti-social force. There are t- many lawyers of whom this can not b- truthfully be said. But there Is a :lv ontrit In Ihe nrnfasslnn that Is nnt lid good, it Is not the shysters who have lal "become the paid servants of unscru? pulous men," not the hangers-on who *r- "too often forget that they are sworn at officers of the law," and "resort to ffe methods of which no high-minded Hy lawyer can approve." The men who 28. do these things are the lights of the profession. But there are high-minded lawyers, and It Is to these that the profession must look for rehabilitation. lly Having said thus much by way of tl- criticism, It must be suggested that jn perhaps the change In the profession is not so great as Is sometimes sup' posed. We remember that back In ^ the Jim Flsk days there were lawyers he and Judges who stopped at nothing he when it came to serving their masters. TV. of?? familiar with tho AY. coriatlon of David Dudly Field, one ed of the greatest lawyers of his day, at o- the hands of Samuel Bowles will realize that even then there were lawyers who were the enemies of society. lt" Mr. Bowles also paid his respects th to Rufus Choate, who ranked at the us very top of his profession. What we en have witnessed is an elevation of the )er whole level of public morality. The n(j lawyers must keep step with the ad5V. vance. "We should never," said Mr. ter Richards, "loose sight of the fact duty and honor alike bind us to high 10t ideals; that the performance of proor fesslonal duty never demands that as 'we violate the moral law." All that ,0t Is asked is that lawyers In the pracen tlce of their profession follow the jle same enlightened Ideals which they If. put before us whenever they meet In en their bar associations. If the law is a pi. learned profession It must be followhe ed as such.?Indianapolis News. le- , 0 en ne Compare Yovr Baby With Denver's is- Beat Baby.?In the May Woman's ad Home Companion appears a report of Jt- a scientific baby show recently held In ic- Denver at which children were judged ir- noi for their beauty, but for their tc- physical condition. Following is an t!y extract: a "The better to understand the sys>y tern of scoring, read the averages made by Denever's very best baby, Daniel Foster Burns. This is a complete reproduction of a score-card: "Father?Dr. T. Mitchell Burns. , "Father's Nationality?American. 1 "Coloring of Child?Blond. "Number of Child in Order of Birth? third. "Age?10 months, 4 days. "Weight at Birth?71 lbs. "Condition at Birth?perfect "Breast fed?two months, then artificially (condensed milk) every 3 hours. "Sleep?14 hours dally, alone and outdoors. Score. "Height?2 ft 5 Inches 100 "Weight?21 lbs 100 "Circumference of chest?19... 100 "Circumference Abdomen?19.. 100 "Symmetry 95 "Quality of skin and fat 100 "Quality of muscles, hand grasp, rlilnr alttlnir nnta? walklns. running ,...100 "Bones of skull, spine, chest, limbs and feet 100 "Length of head, width and circumference 100 "Pupillary distance and shape of eyes 100 "Shape, slse and position of ears 96 "Shape and slse of Hps.........100 "Shape and slse of forehead... .100 "Shape and patency of nose... .100 "Shape and condition of jaw, hard palate and tonsils 100 "Number, shape, else and condition of teeth 90 Psychological? "Disposition 100 "Energy 98 "Facial and ocular expression .. 98 "Attention 100 "Average 98.80." ODD LEGAL 8UPER8TITION8 Many Curious Survivals of the Ancient Law Customs. We hear much of the superstitions perialnlng to certain forms of religion and of their somewhat remarkable persistence in a materialistic if not skeptical age, a survival that Is but Incompletely explained by the difficulty of differentiating faith from credulity, or by the tendency?old as the human races?to attribute natural phenomena to supernatural causes and to mag tlfw Kt? iMillllAn ThAiiffh nnf iiuj uuvii vjj uauiuvui amvwqm ??w% so much discussed, the law also has Its little superstitions notwithstanding the prevalent conception of that science as cold, unemotional and severely logical. r'or instance, what useful purpose is served by Inserting in a bond, conditioned for the payment of money, a penal sum of twice the amount of the actual debt? Bonds have been thus drawn since the days of Lord Coke, and the printed forms in use today contain the ancient penal clause. By the letter of such a bond the obligee Is clearly entitled to recover the full penal sum on the obliger's default in paying the sum specified In the condition. But has the obligee, for these two or three hundred years, ever been allowed to recover more than the actual debt with interest and costs? By another common practice deeds are made to recite that the grant is made "in consideration of the sum of }1, good and lawful money of the United States of America, to me in hand paid, the receipt whereof I hereby acknowledge," or some equivalent formula. The idea that a deed must express a consideration is ineradicable and equally fixed appears to be the supsrstitlon that a consideration of $1, is quite as effective as a consideration coratoiensurate with the value of the ? aetata 1 awvAra iMmod In I the law of real property know better, of course, but such Is the popular notion. It Is elementary that as between the parties, a deep is perfectly valid without any consideration at all; otherwise there could be no such thing as a conveyance by way of gift Why do we begin a will with an invocation to the Dlety, and a recital that the testator Is "of sound mind and disposing memory?" Does the former aid the testator spiritually and does the latter furnish any evidence of his testamentary capacity? And why do we so often insist on attachinga seal opposite the testator's signature? Our statutes do not require a will to be sealed, wherefore the seal is wholly superfluous, as the law books have long advised us. e Then there is the invariable custom t of writing "ss" after the venue of an affidavit or an acknowledgement. What legal efficacy do these two letters possess ? How many lawyers even know what they mean? It is only ( lately, we believe, that the painstaking * author of a very useful little book succeeded, after much antiquarian research among the pipe rolls and other ( interesting lore, in ascertaining the j original significance of the abbrevla- c tion, which is "scilicet," or "to wit." f The omission of the letters is now ( quite immaterial. { Wonw tfAnarafinnt f\f latwpri 1 API m- : ed in equity pleading, have followed the ancient practice of concluding a bill of complaint with the solemn assurance, "And thus your orator will ever pray, &c." Apparently no modern lawyer knew what the decaudated formula meant, until recently a wellknown author ran the thing to Its lair among the ancient rolls of the court of chancery and found that (before it lost Its tail) It was a prayer for the health and longevity of the king! These are only a few of the superstitions that, have survived the days when the trial by battle and the criminality of witchcraft were finally eliminated from that law which is our proud heritage and which has been so fondly praised as "the perfection of human reason."?Bench and Bar. WILL MAKE IRON BOIL Scientific Men Succeed in Producing j Fierce Heat. FV>r some years past, scientific men ; have been striving to produce heat 1 fiercer than any temperature of which we have experience in ordinary life, i The greatest heat ever developed by ( the agency of man was obtained by i Sir Andrew Noble, who exploded cord- t ite In closed vessels, so that a pressure 1 of 50 tons to the square inch was reg- < istered and a degree of heat never pre- ( viously recorded. 1 The highest temperature reached in f fuel furnaces for practical purposes is between 1,700 and 1,800 degrees centi- i grade, and at such a heat Are clay and j porcelain are melted. Then we come to t the flame fed with coal gas; by these < means a temperature of 2,000 degrees 1 centigrade may be obtained. i A new industry solely dependent \ upon the employment of great heat Is that of melting quartz. This mineral, i fused by the oxy-hydrogen flame, is t converted into tubes and flasks and 1 other vessels for chemical purposes. 1 ThAse vessels are absolutely inert, and 1 may be heated hundreds of degrees i higher than is possible with glass; i they may also be plunged at such heat < Into cold water without Injury. t It has been discovered that by whirling a centrifugal wheel at high veloci- f ty in the combustion chamber of a i furnace the nitrogen Is cast to one ( side, while the oxygen is concentrated, 1 and in this way a brighter flame and t greater heat are obtained. A similar i appliance used during the combustion of coal in a furnace enables a Arm of c paper-makers to save 27 per cent of i their coal bill by the elimination of hy- 1 drogen gas formed in combustion. < But most remarkable of all the 1 phases of the utilization of extrei i heat is the discovery of the welding I material known as thermit. The in- 1 ventor discovered that aluminum is very much attached to oxygen, and 1 holds it closer than a brother. There- 1 fore he mixed granulated aluminum i with oxide of iron, for the lighter met- 1 al wants oxygen, and the quantity of ' magneBium filings was placed on top < of the mixture and a storm-match ap- t plied, and immediately a mass of mol- 1 ten iron was seen boiling at a temperature of 3,000 degrees centigrade? i much higher than any temperature in < ordinary use. i A DE8KLE88 H0U8E Reprsssntativss and ths New Order at tha Capitol in Washington. The house of representatives prelents a changed appearance by reason Df the removal of the 393 little desks ised by the Sixty-second congress and ;he substitution therefor of nearly 450 leml-detached chairs as a substitute, n order to accommodate the great ln:rease in numbers of the Sixty-third >ver the Sixty-second congress. This :hange In the formal arrangements of he houae was necessitated, primarily, )y the Increased number of sittings, iut nevertheless there was a secondiry reason on which the change was >ased, and that was the expediency of ihortening the periods of speechmakng and thereby facilitating action up>n, rather than talk. Anglophiles in Washington are dis>AOSil MAm 4a 4n 4Ka .n?4<. In /VO^U MVn WW IDiVI IV UiV UV fT ova wo <t? he house as "the benches." This Is rery English and tremendously parlamentary, but It isn't true. They are o all intents and purposes chairs, only hey are stationary, fixed and lmmovible, a distinct advantage to certain nembers who have been in the habit >f endeavoring to convert the old-time iwivel chairs so-long used in the bouse, nto reclining chairs, with the result >f frequent and noisy precipitations to he floor. The chairs in the house tolay are arranged in blocks of four or lve, never less than three, and to tip me over would require the concerted >ffort of all the members occupying he block. By means of this innovaion the dignity of the house, as well is the equilibrium of its members is jreserved. In the days of the old swivel chairs, umbles were frequent There was a iprlng in the back of the old-fashoned chairs, which, when subjected :o too great strains, was apt to snap vlth a sharp report whereupon the ihalr keeled over, sometimes landing ts occupant on the carpet The heaver the congressman, the greater the itraln on the chair and the oftener ho nnllo So much for the physical advantages >f the new system. The benefit to the idministration df business in the louse Is figured In this wise: The only :hance for a member to lug into the shamber reams of substantiating dociments for his arguments, Is for him o make advance arrangements, either vlth the majority .or the minority eader, for space at one or the other >f the tables which are set in the body >f the house. There are but two of :hese tables and each accommodates )Ut four men. Falling to effect this irrangement, the member with too nuch to say is compelled to distribute lis documentary crutches in various learby chairs or upon the floor. It Is xpected that this arrangement will terve to subdue tendencies to verdosty. It was different in the old days. One >f the desks then in use could accomlate a dosen or more volumes. Two lour speeches in which the member alked for twenty minutes and read or the remaining hundred of his alotment were not infrequent Oeneral lebate, that twilight xone between the ntroductlon of an Important measure ind the actual conversion of the house nto a real business-like body?the ;ommlttee of the whole house on the itate of the Union?had become more >r less a nuisance. Under the new ystem there will be no chance, or at east small chance, for the congressnan with nothing to say to waste the lme of the house. This change narks an approach, at least the first itep, in the direction of the more busnessllke procedure employed in the 3rltish house of commons. There ipeeches are presumed to be the extern joraneoua productions of the mem>ers. It Is against custoiq to read a ipeech In the house of commons. If :he member desires to inject statisti:al matter into his argument or to nake a verbatim quotation in brief lupport of his contention, he may re'er to memoranda; otherwise he talks it and does not read to the speaker, i1 rhe house of commons believes that >Lslness is benefitted and debate ihortened by this method. The mem>er not an extemporaneous orator is ornpelled to memorise what he has to tay, and the house gets the benefit in ixact measure with his memonlc imitations. Th'e development of the new scheme n the house of representatives, it is toped, will result in a tendency imong members of congress to shorten heir speeches. QREATE8T OF MARINE QIANT6 3ne Monster Whalo Measured 96 Feet in Length and 59 Feet in Girth. Giants are always interesting, wheth>r they are human, animal or vegetate, and while in ages past nearly all llvlslons of the animal kingdom boast d giants of greater size than those >f modern times, yet often nowadays figantlo creatures exist in numbers in he sea. The greatest of these marine giants ire the whales. And probably the argest of the whales, as well as the nost gigantic of all living creatures, is he sulphur bottom. It attains a length >f nearly or quite 100 feet and a weight >f 150 tons. One individual measured 95 feet in ength, 39 feet in girth, with a Jaw>one 21 feet long; baleen (whalebone), i feet long; weight of baleen, 800 pounds; weight of entire whale, 147 :ons, and it yielded 110 barrels of oil. The sulphur bottom seldom bolts, as he whalers term the action of leaping liagonally from the sea, or breaches, as perpendicular springs are called, but vhen it does perform in this manner le presents a truly wonderful sight While whales are the largest of raaine animals, yet certain flsh grow to ilmost as gigantic size. The largest of rue fishes are found among the sharks ind the largest of these formidable iidhb are uie wnaie suuab. aucac luge fish occur in the waters of India, Tapan, South America, Panama, Calitornia and the West Indies. The nose is very broad and blunt and :he mouth, although very wide, is arm;d only with very minute teeth. It is l dark-colored creature, marked with imall, whitish spots and is perfectly larmless to man, feeding exclusively >n small flsh. Its huge bulk makes it langerous when wounded. This great Ish reaches a maximum length of 70 'eet Probably the second largest shark is :he basking shark, known also as elephant shark and bone shark. This ipecies derives its name from its habit )f collecting in schools or basking in :he sun at the surface of the sea. It eaches a length of 40 to 60 feet, and vhlle large is perfectly harmless. Its teeth are small and numerous ind Its food consists of small fishes, shrimp, crustacans, etc. It is ordinarly of a gentle and quiet disposition, jut if wounded or injured can readily tacked with knives and pierced with ts powerful tail. It was formerly fViaeiy nunieu lur no uuf uui uu uc:ome too scarce to hunt with much luccess. The man-eating sharks, which are uo greatly dreaded by many people and ire so very common in tropical seas, rrow to immense size, and with their ferocious character and powerful Jaws ind teeth are probably the most fornidable of ocean giants. The great sleeper shark is a most itupid gluttonous species?as, in fact, ire most of the sharks?and spends nost of its time dozing on the surface >f the sea. When aroused or hungry t attacks whales, porpoises or, in fact, mythlng it can fl. ., and bites pieces from its victims with its knife-like ;eeth. At such times it seems perfectly obivious to pain or fright and can be racked with knives and pierced with ipears without paying the least attention or seeming to take any notice, rhis savage creature reaches a length )f 36 to 40 feet and is fully as large md even more formidable than are the true muan- eating sharks. Related to the sharks are the old iaw fishes of the tropics, which are Jommon in the lagoons, bayous and lounds of the West Indies and our southern coast These flsh grow to a length of 20 to 25 feet and as they are of no real value they are never fished or hunted to any extent In fact, the fishermen dread these creatures, for they often become entangled In their nets and rip and tear them to pieces by lateral Jerks and sweeps of the huge "saw" on the nose. This "saw" Is a bony elongation of the nose and Is armed on either side with large, sharp, strong teeth, and In the largest flsh these "saws" grow to be five or six feet long and nearly a foot wide. Very different from the saw flsh Is the sword flsh, which is related to the mackerels and Is of great value for food and Is widely and assiduously hunted or fished on the southern New England coast, as well as in the Oulf of Mexico and in the West Indies. The swordfish Is a splendid creature, often weighs as much as 600 pounds and has huge, brilliant eyes, clean, speedy "lines." and a long, horny snout, or "aword," with which it can impale another fl*h or even pierce the strongest oaken timber of a boat Many of the mackerel family grow to gigantic site, and the best known of these is the "tuna," or "tunny," or "horse mackerel." This beautiful and valuable fish has long been a source of revenue and food'to the Inhabitants of southern Europe, but although found commonly on the American side of the Atlantic, it has never been fished for ? food except recently, and in the West Indies. It Is a powerful, rapid swimming and "gamey" fish and on the California coast Is extensively sought by . sportsmen, who fish for it with fly rods. It reaches a maximum length of about > fifteen feet and a weight of nearly a , ton. Almost as large as the tunnies are the Jew fishes, which are related to the sea bass and which are commonly called "bass" or "sea bass" by the Call- . fornla fishermen. These fish occur throughout tropical American seas and grow to a weight of 500 to 600 pounds. Although a very large and powerful fish and capable of snapping a stout hemp rope or breaking the stoutest shark hook, yet these fish are caught, played and landed by fishermen In California by the aid of a slender rod of split bamboo and a tiny threadlike line. A fish of a very different character and so striking In form that It will invariably attract attention Is the giant sunfisb or moonflsh. Its shape Is almost circular, and this, with its odd ftna anrl lark nf tall flfivrs It a most CU rlous appearance. Its name of aunflsh is derived from its habit of spending many hours basking in the sun on the ocean's surface. Its eyes are large, its mouth small, and taken altogether it is among the most grotesque of marine creatures, being apparently all head. It Is found practically all over the world, but is particularly common on the south-eastern coast of the United States and in California waters. It is frequently carried north in the Gulf Stream, and thus often taken off the New England coasts. The sunflsh is perfectly harmless and is so sluggish, stupid and so easily seen that it is readily approached and harpooned. This flsh often attains a weight of from 200 to 800 pounds. Almost as strange in appearance as the sunflsh are the great devil flsh, "vampire fishes," or "bat fishes," of our southern coasts and the neighboring tropical seas. These grotesque creatures grow to colossal sise, frequently being from 20 to SO feet across their huge "wings," and four feet in thickness. Suoh a giant would weigh fully six tons, and yet so agile and powerful are the great creatures that they leap 15 to 20 feet out of water, looking while in the air like enormous bats. Their "horns" are really extensions of the flns and are used like hands for holding food and other objects and in bringing it to the mouth, which is on the under side and has no teeth in the upper Jaw. The lower jaw has aooui 100 rows of small cobble-stone like teeth. The flsh Is Jet black above and livid white below, and despite Its great size Is a perfectly harmless creature except when wounded. These devil fishes should not by any means be confused with the tru? "devil fishes," or giant squids and octopus. These creatures are molluscs, and while living mainly In the uttermost depths of the sea, they are now and then found cast upon beaches, floating Injured or dead upon the surface 1 of the sea or are found In pieces partly devoured In the stomachs of sperm ' whales. The giant squids of the North Atlantic are enormous animals with a cylindrical body five or six feet in diameter and.fifteen or twenty feet in length and weighing many tons. The long arms or tentacles may be twentyfive or thirty feet in length, while the great, staring eyes are a foot or more in diameter. There are many other giants In the 1 sea besides the flsh, whales and squids. Sea turtles of various kinds grow to very large sise. The edible green tur- 1 tie frequently weighs 400 pounds, while the loggerhead grows still larger. Larg- 1 est of all Is the great leatherback turtle of the southern coast and the Oulf Stream. Tbia great creature grows to a length of eight or nine feet and weighs from 1,000 to 1,800 pounds. Giant crabs are found in many parts of the ocean, ' the largest being the giant spider crab of Japan. These crustaceans measure as much as ten feet across their outstretched legs and ' are used extensively for food, large numbers being canned for export Oddly enough they are hunted with guns and killed with shot The common West Indian lobster really deserves to be classed as a giant ' for it often weighs 20 to 26 pounds. Our own lobsters, however, often become gigantic, and individuals weighing from 26 to 88 pounds are on record, and several are preserved in various 1 museums. Alnong shells also giants occur, and the giant clam of the East Indies grows to be four or Ave feet a/>poaa and weighs several hundred pounds. Probably when the uttermost depths of the seas are more perfectly known ' even more gigantic forms of the lower animals will be discovered, for with all our modern methods and appliances we have been able only to scrape the 1 bottom here and there, and creatures that are at all agile or able to move about can readily escape any trawl or dredge devised by any man.?American Boy. ! j Wounds of Modern Warfare,?Sur- I geons in the South African war were ' astonished to And how rapidly men < recovered from bullet wounds penetrating the thorax, the abdomen and i even the head. These recoveries were i credited at first to the healing quail- < ties of the South African air. But very soon the explanation came that it was narrow bullet traveling i ca.ii/ v**u > ? _ at high velocity which vu making war more humane. In Manchuria the same ' experience was common. So In the i Balkans the rifle bullet has done com- I paratlvely little damage. The MannI- < cher bullet used by the Turks is long and narrow (6 mm. in diameter); It 1 perforates cleanly, Its track is aseptic f and the tissues close quickly and Arm- i ly. The bones, especially in the expanded articular ends, were simply < tunneled. Wounds of the thorax with < perforation of the lung healed general- > ly without complication. And so com- 1 plete abstention from exploration or other Interference In rifle bullet wound came to be the rule. The rule worked well, too, with much wider application, i and M. Monprofit indulges In these obiter dicta: i "Modern military surgery ought to < be, above all, surgery of watchfulness and expectancy: 'Moins on fait, mleux on fait.' All operations, except a few of absolute urgency, are contraindicat- i ed on the battlefield." < But the story is different when we I consider the wounds made by shrapnel. Infantry Are Is diminishing In I seriousness, artillery fire is increasing. < The wounds, made by sharpnel were j always severe: bones were pulverized, ] tissues torn, thorax and cranium 1 crushed. Prof. Monprofit and his col- < leagues are by no means hypersensl- < tive, but they all speak of the effects i of shrapnel Are as "murderous."?Brit- ] ish Medical Journal. < ALASKAN DOQS Single Teams Sometimes Brings as Much aa %ZJOOO. Miea Emma Leonldas Kelly, the first white woman to go down the Yukon, has qualified by many strenuous experiences In Alaska to be considered as an authority on the dog teams of that country, says a Sitka letter. The native animals are the malamute, the huskle and the Blwash. The first comes from the coast of Bering Sea, and is a cross between the Russian terrier and the Blwash. He is small, weighing 60 to 76 pounds and has shaggy hair, which makes him look twice his real slse. Under this is a coat of short, warm fur that protects him in the most severe weather. The huskle comes from the McKensle river, is a large gray dog, weighing from 126 to 1(0 pounds, and is covered with short stubby fur, with an unaercoai 01 mica iur. Toey can stand more hardships and go without food longer than any other dog in the north. The Slwash dogs, which are in the majority, are a cross between a wolf and a dog, and usually gray or white In color, but occasionally black. Their weight is from 60 to 90 pounds. They rarely sleep under shelter, preferring to curl up In the snow even with the mercury 60 degrees below sero. In this respect the native animals are better fitted for their work than the immigrant dogs. In severe weather the latter wear little moccasins made of heavy moose skin, while nature has provided the native dogs with heavy fur covering the whole foot, even between the toes. The sleds In, general use are 7 feet long, 17 Inches wide and 7 Inches high, and an immense load of freight can be packed and lashed on them. The sled Is guided in the trail by a pole, known as "O" pole. The dogs are hitched about six feet ahead of the sled, and the driver walks back of them, holding on to the "Q" pole to keep the heavily loaded sled straight in the narrow trail so that It will not tip over on the rough, sidling places In case the sled is not heavily loaded the dogs are hooked up close to the sled and the driver tides a greater part of the time?that is, If the weather is hot too cold, In which case he prefers running to keep warm. On the creek beds there is often from one to five inches of water, and it is always a difficult matter to make the dogs go through this They dislike getting their feet wet, but they mun Keep uie irsu ana puii mroufn it Immediately after getting out of the water it begins to form In little Ice balls between their toes, and the whole team of dogs will lie down on the trail in their harness and go to picking and cleaning their feet, which are , rarely ever sore or frosen. unless they have been In water several hours. From the last snow. In the spring until the first in the fall the dogs have but little to do. At the trading posts? . Dawson, Circle City, Fairbanks, Eagle, Minock?and a number of other camps where they have fair streets or roads, the dogs are used to draw light freight about in little two-wheeled carts, and they are used in the mines and on the trails for packing. The pack saddles are made of heavy canvas, and the average dog will pack thirty or forty pounds. Some dogs will He down ir the mud or water with their packs on, while others seem to feel the responsibility of protecting their packs, and are exceedingly careful In picking their way through thick brush or over fallen trees that obstruct the trail, leaping over pools of mud and picking their footing with great care on the small rocks In fording the streams. They rarely bark. The dogs are fed onoe a day when working; the best feed is the Yukon dried salmon, but falling this, bacon has proved the best substitute. It is cut In small pieces and boiled In a quantity of water an hour or more, and then flour, corn, meal, rice or boiled oats Is added and cooked well In the greasy water until the whole becomes a thin, smooth mush. Dach dog has his own'pen, and it la filled with the food and carefully guarded by Its owner until cool, and then eagerly devoured. The native dogs will steal anything they can eat; in the absence of something more tempting they dote on ropes, harness, old rubber boots, moccasins and snowshoes or anything of the like nature which they can chew on. The Slwaeh dogs have the same characteristics as the Indiana of the country; they are the most.ungrateful creatures In the world, and their nature is absolutely void of attachment or sentiment The Slwash, both Indian and dog care for one only as long as he feeds them. A good team of three, four or five dogs with a light load will average 40 miles a day. The same team when heavily loaded cannot make over two and a half or three miles an hour. However, there Is a vast difference In the gait of dogs; some are very speedy and have great endurance, while others are fast at the start but soon play out and become extremely slow. There are a number of forelg ndogs In the country?St. Bernard, Newfoundland and a heterogeneous multitude of others, as they are rar more intelligent than the native dog, they are apt and amenable to discipline, ant'ss a rule are faithful In the harness, while the ungrateful native dog will shirk at every possible opportunity and occasionally a good lashing is necessary to keep his memory alive to the fact of obedience; encouraging words do not have the force with the native that they do with the dogs of civilisation. But It is impossible for the immigrant dogs to endure the hardships of this rigorous climate for any length of time. My noble dog Baldle was one of the finest specimens I have ever known. This powerful dog took me from my cabin In the mines into Circle City? the 65 miles in one day; of course, the trail was in excellent condition, and there was nothing on the sled with me but my robes. I ran occasionally to get warm, and walked up the inclines, but rode nearly all the way. Of course, be couldn't cover this distance dally, but he could make it once or twice a week, and 40 to 45 miles on a good trail was an easy average for him. He was much too fast for a team, and would always be ahead pulling the other dogs along. He was considered the fastest dog in that part of Alaska. He had a very peculiar gait?not the trot of most dogs, but a pace or rack. He weighed 165 pounds, and was all bone and muscle. On the summer trail be could carry fifty pounds in his pack saddle. I paid $700 for him, but all the gold of Alaska could not have purchased him from me. rne price or Aiasxan aogs u guvemed by the number of stampedes during ei winter, which creates a great demand for dog teams with which to reach new gold fields at an early date. At such times teams of three or four dogs have brought a* high as $1,800 6r 12,000, where their usual price would be about $700 or $800. Iron Bssring Plants,?Experiments are under way at the agricultural bacteriological station in Vienna to increase the quantity of iron carried in certain pianta, witn a view 10 me eifect on the human system when those plants are used as food. Artificially prepared foods containing iron do not always produce the desired effect, because the iron is not completely assimilated. This difficulty, it is thought, may be avoided by causing plants to take up an increased quantity of iron during their natural growth. By adding hydrate of iron to the soil in which It was growing, the experimenters have succeeded in producing spinach containing a percentage of iron seven times as great as that found in ordinary spinach. It is believed that the process will prove successful with other ferruginous plants.