University of South Carolina Libraries
c l. h. GRISTS sons, pnbUsh?r., [ & 4amitS JfJeujspapei[: ^or thij promotion of the political, ^ocial, ^3riEuttura! and Commercial Jnitresls of th? geopl?. | ,ER"^0t"o(,py,7," k'ce"^"" ESTABLISHED 1855. YORKVILLE, S.C., TUESDAY7MAY 7,191:j. . N"Q. 37. WERE LOST j IN THE j CATACOMBS i _-l Thirty years ago I was a gin ui 18, spending my first Easter In Rome with old family friends?Mr. and Mrs. Anderson and their only son, Maurice, a bright, Jolly Cambridge undergraduate, whose spirits, alas! were in a much better state of repair than his lungs. Mostly for his sake we had drifted slowly down the Riviera and dawdled on In Rome, until now it was absolutely Imperative that the next day should see us start for England. Maurice and I had determined to visit the Catacombs of St. Calyxtus, but, with the usual dilatoriness of youth we had postponed the trip until the very last day of our stay. Being anxious to see some fine frescoes that had recently been uncovered, we decided, though it was getting late in the afternoon, to drive out to the Catacombs and see If we could persuade a guide to take us down. On arriving at Porta San Sabastlano, we found that all the regular guides had gone home, but a heavy, disagreeable-looking man, sitting and drinking outside a small tavern, at last consented to take us through if we would wait while he finished his supper. We agreed that it would be no dark er inside the Catacombs at o o ciock than it was at midday, so we possessed our souls with what patience we could muster while the surly looking ruffian ate and drank. The tether of an undergraduate's patience is proverbially short, and soon Maurice would allow the man no peace, but, by worrying in his broken Italian, at length cajoled him into leaving his meal unfinished. Arming each of us with long pieces of twisted candle and grumbling under his breath, the guide led the way and we descended Into the Catacombs. All went fairly well for some time, and as we traversed passage after passage and turned this way and that, in the tortuous windings of the vaults, our guide explained the rude frescoes adorning the roof and sides. But, alas! that was where the trouble began, for his English was, if possible, a shade more peculiar than Maurice's Italian, and, from shouting questions and answers in what each fondly believed to be the other's native tongue, they finally got intensely irritated with the difficulty rff understanding one another. In spite of my earnest entreaties to Maurice to be careful and not needlessly annoy the man, he persisted in yelling at him, and at length with an oath, our guide ^roughly told us to stand still. A moment later he strode off down one of the numerous tunnels, which extended, as we knew, for many miles beneath the earth. As long as the glimmer of his light could be followed we ran after him, calling upon him to return, but presently I caught my foot on a piece of * 1?- nml fnl 1 hootrilv tlrnn OrUKCIl Iiioaumji auu IVH I.v?. ..J r ping my precious piece of candle In the fall. On recovering my senses I found that Maurice had picked me out of the mud and seated me on one of the little shelves or recesses, about a foot from the ground, which?centuries ago?had been cut to receive the bodies of the early Christians. The guide had vanished By the dim light of Maurice's taper I could see that he looked very white and anxious, but a gleam of Joy illuminated the poor boy's face when he saw that I was regaining consciousness. One of my earliest questions was as to whether he had found my precious piece of candle, darkness in such a place being the worst possible misfor tune that could befall us. Luckily, he had discovered it after careful search, and, though it was much damaged, he had pinned it on to the crown of his soft cap to insure its protection from further harm. It was now nearly 7 o'clock, and we reckoned we had been in the Catacombs rather over two hours. How we inwardly cursed our folly in not having told any one at the hotel of our Intentions. Although by this time we had, no doubt been missed, no one would have the slightest idea in what direction to search for us, and there flashed through our minds terrible thoughts of the extent of the Catacombs. For many scores of miles the labyrinths extended beneath the city, sometimes at a depth of 40 or 50 feet. What chance, therefore, nau we 01 maaing our escape ungrulded? The passage we were siting In was very narrow?barely two feet across, in fact and very damp?so we decided to move on until we came to one of the larger chapels, from which the minor alleys branch off. Presently we came upon quite a large cubiculum, from which five small passages radiated. There was a tiny niche here in which we plated our candle, and Maurice and I sat down on a broken piece of marble that hud, no aouui, ueen un auur in wie t-unj of Christianity. Hardly had we placed our treasured candle in safety and settled ourselves than, to my horror, a loud whispering and rustling commenced, and before we could determine whence it came a shadowy something swooped down and extinguished the light! With the darkness came utter silence, and it was some seconds before we could recover our courage sufficiently to consult euch other as to this new terror. At last Maurice whispered to me that he had matches and that he would relight the candle. Hardly had the tiny flame flickered into life than once more tnai muenime someuuuKi rushed forward out of the inky darkness, and again we were enveloped in darkness. This time the extinguishing was accompanied by a curious swishing sound. In my terror I grasped Maurice's arm with what, I am sure, must Two Travelers ^ Have Terrible j Experience in v Underground ^ Passages. ::: 5 'have been a painful grip, and I could hear him breathing hard in the velvety, impalpable blackness. Each moment we expected bony fingers to clasp us by the throats, or some other in umartro onH confront US. How Ions this tension continued I do not know. It seemd like hours, but was probably only of a few minutes' duration. Then, far up above our heads the rustling recommenced, accompanied by shrill, bird-like chirping! Oh, the relief to our strained senses! Simultaneously we gasped, "Bats!" and could have laughed at our terrors of the moment before. After this, as it was useless to attempt to light the candle, we sat very quietly for a long while in the darkness. Maurice had his case full of cigarettes, and, by shielding the match very carefully in his cap, we were able to light one each, and I felt grateful indeed that my education comprised the unlady-llke accomplishment of smoking. I think, after a while, we must have fallen asleep, for It seemed a very long time before Maurice spoke again. He said he felt so thirsty that he must go back to the passage we had first been in and try to scoop up some of the water lying there. He said he knew quite well which turning it was, and he would only be away a few minutes. He left me two matches and another cigarette, and I heard him stumbling away over the broken ground. "It seemed to me that several minutes elapsed, and still I heard no sound of his return, so I called him? softly at first, then louder, as my panic grew more intense.At a certain pitch of my shouting It struck upon some sound-wave In the caverns, and immediately all the vast extent of the labyrinth took up the cry. Every tunnel and passage echoed "Maurice! Maurice!" and the name was repeated in every possible gamut of whisper and growl. The bats shuffled and stirred overhead, ghostly forms seemed to rise out of the darkness, and at last my nerves gave way and I broke down, sobbing myself into a state of semlunconsclousness. When I awoke again Maurice had not returned, but I felt that it was impossible to remain longer in this state of inaction, so, taking the taper with me, I felt my way very carefully around the wall until I came-to the opening by which I fancied we had entered. When I had gone a little way down it I used one of my precious matches and lighted the candle, as we had discovered that the bats were only to be found In the high vaulted cublcula. Shielding my light with the utmost care, I proceeded down these interminable passages, but nowhere did I come upon any trace of Maurice, neither could I recognize any of the frescoes or decorations upon the walls. My watch told me it was nearly 3 o'clock, and after walking on in this way for about half an hour a panic seized me that Maurice might have returned to the cubiculum during my absence and, not finding me there, have gone again to look for me. In this way we might wander round after each other till death put an end to our sufferings, as it was evident that few tourists visited this distant part of the Catacombs. Terrified at this new idea, I turned to retrace my steps, if possible, to our original cubiculum, when, to my Joy, I heard the sound of some one running quickly toward me down a fairly wide nooaatvo that lnlno/1 tha nnp T urflfl in at right angler This must be Maurice returning, I thought, or perhaps the guide, who would help me find him. I raised a glad cry, and started off running to meet the new-comer. Then to fny horror, the footsteps ceased. Instead, round the corner of the wall appeared a narrow white face, surrounded by a moving mist, like a spirit shroud. From that pale countenance gleamed two enormous eyes, fixed upon mine in an awful glare! A strange and offensive smell smote upon my failing senses, and once again I fell to the earth unconscious. The next time I opened my eyes I was still in the passageway, but?oh, the blessed change! Several smoky candles illumined the jagged walls, and two or three men of the peasant "1" i.tne/i f oll/Snrv oVi'iHo/llt' t Affothor L'Itt.^3 WCIC lUIIXIiip) CAV ivu l,? iv/()V ?IIV> I while another man with a badge on his cap was dabbling my face with water and telling me in broken English not to be afraid. A few minutes' walk down the wide passage brought us to a large hole in the wall, through which to my surprise, streamed the glorious morning sunshine. Maurice, looking very white and tired, was there, with Mr. and Mrs. Anderson and two or three gentlemen from the hotel. My watch still indicated a quarter to 3 o'clock, though they told me it was really 8.30. Evidently it had stopped at that hour. On the way back to the hotel they told us that when we did not return in time for table d'hote a hue and cry was raised, but it was not until nearly midnight that a cab driver came forward to say that he had driven a young English lady and gentleman late that afternoon to the catacombs of St. Calyxtus. He had stopped there about threequarters of an hour, but then, as they had not ordered him to wait, he had returned, supposing they had gone wop A oooroh tinrtv had immediately been formed, and for hours had been exploring the miles of labyrinth, hoping each moment to come upon us. At about 2 o'clock they had met Maurice, wandering blindly in the dark, half dazed with exhaustion and misery. It seems that after leaving me he had found a pool of unknown depth, from which he had quenched his thirst, but on rising from his knees his cap, to which was pinned the precious taper, had fallen into the r water, rendering: his candle useless. He had vainly used up the last of his matches endeavoring to relight It, and had thenceforth wandered aimlessly about in the dark, a prey to every' terrible imagining. Hours afterward they had come upon a large white goat?the cause of my last fright?rushing wildly toward a distant spot of light?the hole In the rock by which it had entered. Following back in the direction from which It had come, they had found my inanimate body. The ruffian who had so basely deserted us was never discovered, though everv possible investigation was made. Though much exhausted by our trying experience, we left Rome at the earliest possible moment. Unfortunately, however, the exposure of that dreadful night, acting upon a constitution already delicate, was too much for poor Maurice, and on the twentyfirst day after our adventure he died, a victim to Roman fever.?Wide World Magazine. IS NOW THE WICKEDEST CITY. Havana the Most Wide-Open Place on - * the Western Hemisphere. They say good Americans when they die go to Paris, but "live" Americans go to Havana. Havana, gay, wicked, wide open, it is the one city today to be shunned or visited, according to one's point of view. Several cities have been called the wickedest city?Reno, Nev., Port Said and Irkutsk, Siberia, for instance. They are wicked cities, but their wickedness is of a sordid variety. Havana is wicked and gay. And five hours from the United States. In Paris the "night life," gay restaurants and dances are for English and American tourists. In Havana the "gay life" is for the natives. Its wickedness la nart t\f it a 1 If** Everything in Havana is wide open. And of its 57 varieties of wickedness the mildest is gambling. Gambling houses in Havana are open to both men and women. All that is necessary is a bank roll. . Roulette, faro, hazard and good American poker are at hand. Jai Alai, the popular Spanish game of skill, on which such big sums are won and lost, no longer flourishes, but it is scarcely missed. Burbrldge's Miramax hotel is a temple of chance where one can woo the fickle goddess as she can be wooed nowhere in America. And, what is more, it is fashionable to do so. Even as one sips his chocolate in the morning the dally round has its beginning. A half dozen peddlers of lottery tickets interrupt the meal. The lottery i in Cuba is run by the government and there are drawings every three months for enormous prizes. The first prize is *100,000. The tickets are hawked about the streets and sold at every corner store. But the fact that the government con- 1 ducts it does not guarantee its "being on the level." At a recent drawing the i first prize was not awarded for the reason that that particular ticket had not been sold. The public didn't like it, but : they kept on buying tickets, for it is i their instinct to "take a chance." If one sits around a cafe any length of time?and a large part of every day , is spent in this way?one is certain to be invited to witness a cock fight. Cock i fighting is one of the commonest sports , in Cuba, and while it is against the law it is rarely interfered with. Large sums change hands on these bloody ex- i hibitlons. But it is not until after dark that Ha- , vana takes on its air of gayety. Then the Prado and the Malacon and the various parks become a fairyland of ; lights. A band plays at the Malacon, as the boulevard along the ocean front is called. All Havana emerges from , its cool and comfortable stone houses ready for a night of pleasure. , The cafes are crowded, there is a constant stream of automobiles and carriages up and down the boulevards. , The sidewalks are filled with people , hurrying to the theatres. They are nearly all dressed in the height of fash- | ion. Havana Is one of the richest cit- , ies in the world. Its styles come direct , from Paris. The only cheap things are ( tobacco and matches. % , At 8 o'clock performances begin in a , dozen theatres. At the Payfe grand opera is sung by a company of artists headed b Constantino, of the Metropolitan forces. At the Albisu a Span ish opera company from the City of Mexico is singing "The Chocolate Soldier" and "The Count of Luxembourg."' At the Marti farce comedy reigns. In the moving picture and variety theatres one finds real wickedness. The "grizzly bear," the "bunny hug," are modest compared with the dances shown on the stages of the variety theatres, where the public is admitted for 25 and 50 cents. The little plays are beyond description and the actresses wear very scanty attire. At midnight Central Park, which is in the heart of the city, is as crowded and filled with life as Broadway and Forty-second street before the theatres swallow up the crowds. The cafes are filled with people, but instead of eating lobsters and draining cold bottles they eat ice cream and sip soft drinks. There is very little drinking of alcoholic liquors in Havana. Of course, all of Havana does not go to the theatre. Many of the fashionable set seek the clubs, some seeking the gambling palaces and others attend mask balls, which are given nightly. The dancing, even at the fashionable halls, would be called "immoral" in America. The gayest affairs are given on Sunday nights at the Theatre Nacianal. They begin about midnight and last until 8 and 9 o'clock Monday morning. The New Miramar, which is run by Walter Burbridge, who used to be associated with Canfiekl, is the Mecca for tourists. Dinner there costs about twice as much as any place in New York or Paris. If one is well dressed and loks prosperous he is asked if he wishes to play. The second floor is one big gambling room, and It is thronged nightly by scores of American visitors as well as rich Spaniards.?Milwaukee Sentinel. Recognized Authority.?A little lad was desperately ill but refused to take the medicine the doctor prescribed. His mother finally gave up. "Oh, my boy will die, my boy will die," sh<> sobbed. Presently a voice piped up from the bed. "Don't cry, mother. Father'll be home soon and he'll make me take it."?National Monthly. ittisrctlancour. ^radinf). ROMANCE OF A RADIUM MINE. Only Source In the United States Hat Had an Interesting History. One of the principal sources of the world's supply of radium ore is a mine in Colorado, which was abandoned by its first owner. It was a failure as a gold mine, but as a producer of radium it has made rich the man who rediscovered It. It is the only mine of its kind in the western world. Away back In the sixties a miner in Central City, Col., broke Into a body of ore one da!y that was different from any other he had ever uncovered. It was massive," extremely heavy, glassy In appearance, hard as quartz and had a peculiar glint. It was heavier than any ore in the same vein, and in color and appearance it was quite different from any other mineral known In the district! The miner took about 1,200 pounds, or eleven sacks of this ore to the local smelter. He did not know what It was, but he was confident he he was on the highway to fortune. The manager of the reducing plant after examining it carefully, announced it was worthless. The miner had an Intuition that sometimes comes to men who dig in the hills, and which cannot be explained, that somehow or other the smelter people were wrong. He was still confident that the rock contained great values, and said so. Impressed by the miner's earnestness, the manager of the smelter made another trial and again reported the ore worthless. With most miners that would have settled it. With this A * ? ? J I ** Ua nlo/lO/1 man me case was unicicm. m, p. v. the ore back In the eleven sacks and shipped them overland by ox teams to St. Joseph, Mo., thence by river to St. Louis, by packet to New Orleans and by sailing: vessel to a smelter In Swansea, Wales. In about six months from the time his ore left Central City In the bottom of a great freighting: wagon he received a check for $11,000, or $1,000 for each sack he had shipped, after all expenses had been deducted. Armed with the check he called on the smelter man and told his store. "May I see the analysis?" asked the smelter manager. "Here It Is," and he passed It over smilingly. The face of the metallurgist was a study as his eye took In the various Items of the analysis of the ore. In the first place, the Welsh smelter paid a high price for the uranium in the ore?a far higher figure than the market rate for gold. Uranium was used then, as now, as an alloy to combine with steel for surgical and other instruments to prevent rust. It was worth more than Its weight in gold. There was gold also in the ore, but it was so intimately and chemically as-' Boclated .with the u ran I urn that in the ( refining process used at that time it was weighed in the uranium, and hence no attempt was made to separate it. The result of the shipment was fraught with great consequences. It changed the ideas of American metallurgists and directed their minds along a new channel. It was the beginning of the great advance that has placed them in the front rank of that Industry In the world. Some of the Colorado smelters began to buy uranium, but as the gold values In those ores declined and other sources of uranium were found that branch of the purchasing trade in the United States fell off. Uranium ceased to rank among the precious metals, and the mines where it was found were closed down. That was the fate of the ore in Central City, which was abandoned and almost forgotten for many years. . Then the Curies discovered radium and the world rang with the news. Out in Los Angeles there was a miner who read attentively every scrap of information that he could obtain about the new and strange thing. He noted that the world was being searched for one that would produce the salts of radium. He read that uranium was a sort of first cousin of radium, and that wherever one was found the other was likely to be also. He recalled the story he had heard about the abandoned uranium mine near Central City and immediately started thither. Only after diligent Inquiry was he able to locate the property. It bad been abandoned for many years. At last he stood in the identical tunnel from which the ore had been taken out nearly half a century before. He secured a lease on the property for a nominal sum. Every one thought him crazy, for the ore was so low grade that it would not yield $10 a ton and the western smelters had long since ceased to pay anything for uranium. This man started operations quickly. He sorted out the uranium ore? technically termed nraninite?and sent nut a shipment of twenty-five tons. He received In return a check at the rate of $ 1.700 a ton?not so much for the uranium it contained as for the radium that was hidden in it. Radium Is estimated to he worth J5.000.000 a pound. There was very little radium in a ton of this ore, and not much In a carload, but it is so extremely precious and the demand is so great that this man has found a ready market for all he can produce. The uranium ore, after mining, is concentrated?that Is to say. it is pul verlzed aiul all the lighter particles are washed away h.v the action of water flowing1 over shaking tables, leaving the heavier ore containing the uranium with its radium. This Is shipped to Niagara Falls, where by a special process, in the high temperature electric furnaces in operation there, that portion of it containing the radium is reduced to the point where a carload of it can easily be placed in a largesized valise. This is then brought to this city, where it passes through another process. Then it is forwarded to London. By that time its bulk has been reduced so it hardly fills an or dlnary cigar box. When it leaves London for Paris the residue may easily be carried in one's vest pocket. In Paris it goes to the Curie establishment. where the radium salts are isolated, in a room entirely surrounded by walls of lead. As radium constantly throws out rays by reason of its continual disintegration, it must of necessity always lose value. When surrounded by lead the process of disintegration seems to be arrested, and the full value of the radium contents Is thus saved. Surrounded by anything else the rays are thrown In such minute particles that they have no difficulty In finding their way through the container in a continuous, invisible, though fiery bombardment. 1 Radium is beneficial and perilous to 1 mankind. It is safe and dangerous. 1 If a scientist explained it, It would be ' perfectly clear to him, almost clear to ( some other scientists, but steeped in 1 mystery to the average mind. The 1 heat in radium is probably created by 1 the disintegration of the salts of which It is composed, just as the mantle of a 1 gas lamp burns away, or the filament 1 of an electric light constantly throws 1 off minute particles, until it snaps at one ppint, and is rendered useless. At one time pretty nearly everything in the world was moving?so one school of scientists assert. One substance went to pieces and combined with Another, to make new things for man to toy with. Just as a plant that reaches its maturity Immediately commences to decay and die, so with the substance In the world. Radium is going to pieces, but instead of doing It suddenly, like the explosion of a boiler, causing great damage, Its energy Is lost gradually, as would Pe the force pent up in the boiler If several valves were leaking. For radium Is combined with and retained in other minerals and In infinitesimal atoms, and while it dls- . integrates it Is retarded, and its destructive force absorbed In the surrounding matrix of uranium and other minerals. If the radium of a given section or district could be* concentrated Into one point in its pure state, it is probable that there would be an explosion that would split a mountain with such tremendous force that the shock would give the world a wrench such as the history of man does not raironl vint nrhlok tho on lonno rvf ctaaI. ogy records, indelibly, and for all ages In the eternal rocks that form the foundation of the world. As radium disintegrates, it is doubtless thrown off in pieces finer than anything we have any knowledge of? in other words Into the millions upon millions of divisions that combine to make the atom?and the atom is so Small that the average man does not bother about it, unconscious of the fact that it is the aggregation of atoms that form the substance which, Jn turn, make up the world.?New York Press. THE DAYS OF ELECTRICITY. \ ' Comforts and Conveniences Have Been Wonderfully Increased. Few. Indeed, are left to recall those distant days preceding the apptypation of steam engines to ! steamboat work. But therer t^fcrplenty ' who well remember when ffiSjtfclty T was considered but a natural'iSntenomena and a plaything of nature during 1 terrestrial storms. seem* almost Incredible, yet It is true, that but thirty years ago electricity was unheard of outside of scientific laboratories. We had no telephones. No electric railways. Xo electric fans. No electric elevators. No vacuum cleaners. No electric lights. No trolley cars. *>u eietuii: rangfa. Few electric motors. ? We had to walk the city streets or ride a horse car. The suburban resident sections of to-day were undreamed of and everyone tried to live as close to the business section as possible. Hacks did a thriving business. We could not call up anyone on the telephone. The malls and messenger boys did the work. . The telegraph was In use but the lines were few. All housework was done by hand, without the handy electric stoves, the motor driven appliances now in use. In hot days we sweltered for the electric fan was undreamed of. We read by flickering candles or oil lamps and there were no arc inmr?a fn Illuminate the streets after dark. 8 There were no motor cars because the gas engine would be Impossible without electricity for ignition purposes. There were no electric door bells, no buzzer communication from office to office, no electric flatirons, no electric chafing dishes, toasters, grills, etc. Factories ran by steam or water power. Cities were covered with a pall of black smoke. Railroads could not run through tunnels without the gravest dangers. Electric ventilating systems for large buildings were unheard of. Electric signal systems for railroads were not used and the trains ran a good deal on luck. Such were the good old days we hear so much about. The folk who lived and worked then did not miss these things inasmuch as they had never enjoyed them, but one of the greatest hardships which might be Inflicted upon us today would be to deprive us of the electricity. Without it we would be put to the greatest Inconvenience. Strict School Rules.?John Wesley held that school children should do without holidays altogether. When he opened Kingswood school in 1748 he announced that "the children of tender parents, so called, have no business here, for the rules will not be broken in favor of any person whatsoever. Nor is any child received unless his parents agree that he shall observe all the rules of the house; and that t u. 111 n.if tnln. him frnm school no. } not for a day, till they take him for c pood and all." c Further, no play days were permit- c ted, and no time was ever allowed for i play, on the ground that he who plays t when he is a child will play when he t becomes a man. Every Friday the t children had to work till three in the { afternoon without breaking their fast. | i Spring Cleaning.?A coupie 01 worm Slile neighbors were leaning over the a back fence, exchanging gossip, as la- c dies will. 1 "My husband," remarked one, "says r he always does hotter work when he Is j thinking of me." n "I notice," responded the other, "that s rr,?wl ir?li nf lwntlnc the \ lie miuir a in.i h>""u J" ' ? carpets." I * And then the cat had a fit/ Jr GUARDING TRADE SECRETS. Some Were Acquired By Accident, Others Are the Result of Hard Work. Down at Sailor's Snug Harbor one afternoon nearly fifty years ago a government photographer who had nothing to do just then picked up a,little piece of rubber and commenced chewing. That moment began a business that now embraces many concerns and Is one of the big moneymaking Industries of the country. For nearly a quarter of a century, hnwovpr. It was a closely kept trade secret that proved to be worth millions. The government photographer was Thomas Adams, and the secret he worked out to his Immense profit was shewing gum. Few gold mines ever llscovered would have done so well 'or him. There had been gum for , shewing purposes before, but, made ( 'rom paraffin or spruce gum. It had lever Interested the public. The rubier this man chewed was simply the jeglnnlng of the Idea. What It might ( nean did not pop into his mind for \ leveral hours. By that time he real- ( zed It was proving a lot of comfort , :o him, and he was continuing to enloy the sensation. "Ah, ha!" he final- . y said and chuckled. It had just lashed across him that a large per:entage of men and women would find , i lot of pleasure In a substance that vould be yielding and at the same :ime practically everlasting. But It nust be tasty before all. ( It took three or four years of experimenting before the proper product vas discovered, chicle, which Is a rum from a tree grown In South \merlca. Central Mexico and some jarts of Mexico, cooked, sweetened, cneaded, and Anally cut into little itrlps after it reaches here. But when t was first marketed it went with a vhlrl. When the government pho- , ographer died twenty years ago or 10 he left each of his four sons Independently rich. Today, It Is Interest ng to Know, aimosi ttuuu,uuu,wv litres of gum are made each year in ( his country- The trade secret no ( onger exists, but the four sons still ^ tet a good share of the Industry. From out of the drawing rooms of l big, old-fashioned house in New Fork there stepped each morning at { > o'clock for many years, after feastng his eyes on the art treasures he lad collected, paintings and porcealns, a perfectly garbed man. He vould go down to an old building not ( ar from the Battery, sit at his desk , n his office for half an hour or so, , liscusslng business matters with his ( jartner, and then vanish to a seclud- . id and partitioned off corner in one , >f the upper floors. Any one who ( ould have seen him ten minutes later ( ?though no one ever could?would . iave found him in an old and stained , ihlrt, overalls and oia snoes. mis , :oneern were perfume makers, and j his man had the secrets of the mix- ( ures. All alone he used to add the inlshlng touches from mysterious bot- ( les In his locked cabinets. His part- , ler could not have done the work, ind certainly no one else In the house. ( It 3 or 4 o'clock he would come down , igaln arbl or elegantarlum, and later ( le would wander up town to seek out ( nore objects of art. Not until he was well along In years ] ind there was likelihood that the se- , rets of certain valuable perfumes ( Yiiorhf <iio wifh hliri did this "ml*er." . , vho had heaped up a fortune by his | (kill, consent to teach certain trust- , vorthy assistants. It was a pang for ( lim to do It, and he never felt quite lure afterward, though the secrets >ave never been divulged. I A trade secret may be, and fre- | luently Is, beyond all price. Cert!- , led checks up to almost any figure j ire waiting to be signed for them; , teen business men He awake nights , vorrylng because this and that are be- , rond their reach. There Is so little posilblllty of buying some that almost , iny man of any Importance connected vith such a concern is hunted out by , he unscrupulous to entice him Into ( >etrayal. A man who really knew ( ind could be tempted could get a ( leat little fortune for his treachery , vithln a few hours. , It speaks well for individual hon- , (sty over the world, and In America particularly, that a trade secret sel- , lorn leaks- out. When It does It is , jenerally due to the fact that Ingenous experimenters have figured It out rom their own brains and nobody Is o blame. Time and again this has >een accomplished, and a great dlvllend payer goes by the board. No one has discovered yet, however, he oldest trade secret of the world, tnd one of the most profitable comnerclally. This is the making of hart reuse, the famous Ikiueuer. The eeret is held by the White Friars, the nonks of the chief Carthusian monasery of the world, La Frends Charreuse, situated in an Alpine valley f lear Grenoble, France. The White r J'rlars date back to 1134, and from j Ime immemorial they have made this , ordlal. The French government is- , ued an edict against them In 1903, t onflscated their property and drove s hern from their monastery. But they , lid not get the secret of the doughty j nonks. The White Friars are mak- , ng their famous chartreuse yet, and lot an Imitator of them has come ( inywhere near succeeding, though ( housands of precious French gold ( rolns have gone Into repeated trials. , Chemists have long since found out , vhat Chartreuse is made of. They , an hand out an accurate formula of ( he thlrty-flve odd ingredients of It. ( *nt thpv nnnnnt nut them together . ind concoct the real, true chartreuse, j iome say that the secret lies In a very , >ld brandy the White Friars have se- ( luestered and use as the base. Ac ording to this story, each year these j nonks "lay down" a new supply of his brandy, and use in their charreuse making only that prepared ex- , ictly fifty years before. But nobody ( xactly knows. The one certain thing , s that no one else can turn out gen- , iln? chartreuse. . More than once a valuable traue , ecret has been lost beyond recovery, >wlng to peculiar circumstances. The j test watch oil In the world, for exam- j >le, cannot be made today. Not a jerson knows just what It Is. There ire many that would pay a good- j 1zed fortune to know. It would be vorth it, for the fortunate possessor vould have as customers every watch- j naker, big and little, on the face of j the globe, and they would tumble over each other to buy of him, paying him his own price. The last of this wonderful watch oil that has never been duplicated, and It now seems likely never will, sold In Boston at $200 a quart. This was thirty years ago. The man that made It, and who alone knew Its composition, died, and not even his name or place of burial Is recalled. The 1 inventor never revealed any of the ' details of his mixture. What makes 1 the story more pathetic la that he nev- 1 er knew the extraordinary oil he had made. It was not until after his death 1 that Its real value was seen. |l When the man died, disheartened, < his bookkeeper, who had about $600 due him, took what oil was left. There had not been much of it turned out, for watchmakers were suspicious of it, and had not given It a fair and full test. But the bookkeeper, who proved a better salesman than his master, finally sold it to a famous clockmaker of Boston. He, in his turn, Induced a great chronometer maker of London, Frodsham, to try It out. Frodsham made a remarkable test using the oil on some ship's chronometers of the finest type sent on an arctic voyage. The oil proved wonderful. When the ships returned it was as fresh as when first put on. The oil had now proved itself, but there was only this very small quantity In the entire world. About this time Wlllard, the Boston clockmaker, who had bought it, retired, and gave it to an old employe as a mark of affection. Its new owner fully realized its value, and that It might be kept safe, divided it into four portions and placed them in four different warehouses in Boston. There were Just rour quarts remaining. i The great fortune that easily might 1 have been was lost. Any quantity of I that oil could now have been sold. < The new owner hoarded what he had, i waiting to sell It gradually at the < highest possible price. But a sudden < "visitation of Clod" came upon him. i A great Are descended upon Boston, I and, by a strange fate, destroyed three i of the four places where the oil had been stored. The single quart left was eagerly snapped up by a huge 1 watch concern. They would only too i gladly have paid other sums of $200 1 each for many more quarts. < Day and night a noted Arm of I sauce makers has, for a century now, ( guarded the secret recipe of its pro- t duct. This precious knowledge, which i could be written out on four or Ave < sheets of foolscap paper, is easily i worth half a million dollara Only i one man knows It, the head of the \ Arm. This has been the custom of t the "house" ever, since It was found- < ed. In the vaults of a bank In a seal- < ed packet which can only be opened i In accordance with certain testamen- i tary Instructions, after the death of i the "head," lies the full detail plain- ] - J VA* Avon tho flTAfll- j I y cuiu 1V?W. v.v.. 0 est expert, with all the records and papers of the office at his command, could put together the secret without this. The new senior partner, then, In obedience to the concern's traditions, will master the contents of the packet, committing it to memory In such a. fashion that he will never forget It. It will be the one great, vital fact of his life. Then he will seal the treasure up, and the packet will go back to the vault again, marked to await the coming of the next heir to this business throne. The new Incumbent will make a new will, and insert a clause covering the valuable document. Heads of departments and the junior partners know portions of the big secrets. Even if they should treacherously combine, however, and fit their knowledge together, nothing would come of it. The key and the "coping stone" lies in one man's brain and the little packet in the vault. Governments have some of the best j trade secrets going. The Chinese em- ( plre Is the owner of the secret of j making vermllllon red. Many people { can make reds of innumerable shades j and tints, but only the Chinese gov- j srnment the vermllllon. This may or f may not be the most beautiful of ( reds. It Is certainly the most famous j red In the world. t Any employee, high or low, of t these government workshops where rermillion is made would die instant- j y if he divulged the smallest part of r the processes of manufacture. Spies j constantly follow the workmen, and particularly shadow those who have 8 my responsibility. Every movement y >f the chiefs Is known. It Is a cer- < iflcate of probity and reliability Just ( :o be employed in the making of this t aroduct, and the Chinese affirm that ? :here the men in charge have been r proved above every temptation. They r lave been tested by the spy service ? nany times. j Thus this big secret has been kept c 'aitlifully for several hundred years. c The Turkish empire has a like case. c Reports come from time to time of { vonderful new methods for Inlaying j metals. But none pass muster alongside of the Turkish government's t state secret of inlaying the hardest r steel with gold and silver. The way j t Is done is perfection, and the mys- c :ery remains unrevealed. t The Turks employed In these gov- r crnment factories must pay guaran:ees for their faithfulness and hon- r >sty, substantial sums. They know j :hat If any part of the secret gets out t nere Will ue reicuncaa nacnuie uvnj md death will be meted out to the c fullty. No man can work In one of j these factories unless he Is of a family c 3f good standing and Is himself of f real character. Not a hint of the r secret has ever crept out. As In the t :ase of the Chinese government's ver- 1 mllion, spies are plentifully used.? y S'ew York Times. Didn't Deny It.?Sir Wilfrid Lau- { rier was once on an electioneering t tour in Ontario, and as the elections ivere bitterly contested every effort e tvas made to stir up race and relfglous prejudice. One day a Quebec Liberal \ ?ent this telegram to Sir Wilfrid: "Report In circulation In this country that your children have not been laptlzed. Telegraph denial." To this the premier replied: "Sorry to say report Is correct. I c lave no children."?Tit Bits. m I itii' Many a young: man's Interest In an leiress is the kind that looks like six jer cent. ' MEN 8AFE AT 70 BELOW ZERO. Klondike "M ushers" Ars Hardy and Qo Draaaad for tha Cold. "It is hard for the people of this section of the United States, after a local cold spell of three weeks, during which the mercury ranged from a little above to many degrees below rero, to believe the stories from the arotlcs .^1.. in mam uuui nig in lain/ auvui 111011 a i?iii^u - m Ing in temperatures of from 60 to 70 degrees below zero to the Yukon territory gold diggings on Sixty Mile creek, east of Dawson City," said Prank Frantius of Chicago, who was In the rush to the Klondike in 1896 and 1897, the other day. "I am sure the gold hunters of the north are doing Just what it is asserted they are doing. They have reached a degree of resourcefulness and hardiness that is little short of marvelous. Some of them travel hundreds of miles in such frigid weather as that country always has at this time of the year, through sections r where there Is not a single human hab tat Ion, reach their destination* wlth>ut frosting *o much a* a little linger, ind set about the work of going to bedrock for gold with as little evllence of suffering as if walking along Michigan avenue In May sunshine. "They accomplish the seemingly Impossible by going prepared for the excessive frigidity they know they are going to encounter. Their coats are fur inside and out, their underwear Is tieavy and close knit, and their trousers are of sheepskin, upon which there is a growth of wool from two ?o three inches In length. They carrywith them fur lined sleeping bags, which they place as much out of the wind as possible at night and creep Into them, carefully drawing head and hands Inside Up there men do not travel alone Two, three or five 'mush' jver the tundra together, having a iled and four to six of the wolf dogs :ommon in the Tukon country. Up>n the sled they carry their provisions, wd, contrary to the general belief In the United States, there is always lome sort of wood for fuel to be found ?willow, cottonwood, fir or pine. 'The slogan of everybody Is "hus:le,' and they go about getting their neals, water and fuel with such vim that they seldom need aid either in tamp or on the march. When, in rare nstancea, one of a party becomes ill >r exhausted he is usually buckled in t sleeping bag on the sled with the lupplles and carried along with the expedition. It sometimes becomes lecessary to place a hot iron at the feet of the ailing, and once in a great vhlle a party Is forced to stop for a time, build a snow house and give spetlal care to the disabled. Those Klonllkers, however, are about the grittiest nen on. the North American contilent, and where one falls by the wayilde 1,000 will go through to the flnok oni4 Ko rooHv tn o ama 11 mother sarth with torch, pick and shovel an lour after they reach the promlaed and. "These gold hunters, as Mark Twain laid of another band of pioneers on he occasion of their scaling the Etocky Mountains to reach California lefore the civil war, 'are no simpering, lainty, kid-gloved weaklings, but stalvart, dauntless braves, brimful of >ush and energy, and royally endowed with every attribute that goes to nake up a peerless and magnificent nanhood?the very pick of the world's glorious onea "A considerable number of men who ire racing this winter for the headwaers of the Yukon, Sixty-Mile creek md their tributaries are pioneers of Alaska and Yukon territory, and they ? ? ?? r%a n Haw etuue a a nu icuuvnwk u... nuch of a bonanza there may be at :he end of their northland rainbow. Some of them remember that in the Ittle creek just out of Dawson City in L896 George C&rmack, discoverer, and its party of half breeds took out of jlacer claims $1,200 in eight days; that >nce two men in two days gathered (4,000 in nuggets varying in size from l pinhead to a pea; that three Swedes >ut gold to their credit at the'rate of 117 a minute all the winter of 1897 ind 1898; that William Ogilvie, Canalian government surveyor, found 1690 in gold in a single pan, and that >f the 300 claims staked on Bonanza :reek not one proved a failure. "It will not be known until May or Tune next whether the men who are iow rushing to Sixty-Mile creek land n 'rich pay dirt.' They will be obliged to pursue the Klondike method of ilternately thawing the frozen ground vith big fires and throwing the loose lirt on 'dumps' ready for washing in he spring. In the meantime provisions ip there, I learn from a former pal at Skagway, have jumped to prices that nake those of Chicago, considered outageously high, seem decidedly small. So-called .butter is selling at $1 a k>und, eggs $2.50 a dozen, sugar 30 -a nc ents a pouna, oranges ana lemuus i? ents apiece, potatoes and onions 75 ents a pound, ham and bacon $1 a >ound, kerosene $1.26 a gallon, hay !70 a ton. "In the British possessions, in which his new gold country {s located, the ules are much stricter than In the Jnlted States. For Instance, a creek :laim, one running along a stream, is >y law, 250 feet long and may not be nore than 1,000 feet wide. It is relulred that other placer claims shall lot be more than 250 feet square, iloreover, the Canadian government eserves every alternate ten claims, ro prevent useless occupation of a lalm it Is stipulated that if its occu)ler fails to work his property for 72 'nnaepntlvA hours his risrht to It is orfelted. There are dozens of other ules in force in the British arctics. >ut in spite of them it is assorted 11egal jumping' of claims is almost unknown there."?Chicago News. Straight from tha Shoulder.?The :olonel was talking to the private solller. "You are a remarkably clean man, ilr," said the colonel. "Thank you. colonel," said the private. "But, sir, you have bad habits." **? ?f tViot onlnnol M 1 (XIII m/i i j I *>? v?i??, VW.V..W.. "You drink, sir." "I am sorry for that." "Oh, I know you are sorry, but why lon't you drink like me?" "Colonel, I couldn't do It; It would (ill me."?Popular Magazine. XV The smaller the bribe the greater he disgrace. . / *>' A-, . J4)PC'' '