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YORKVILLE ENQUIRER. ~ I8SUKD ?EKI?WggKLY. . ^ i. X OEisrs soBB, PubUih. ] ? damilj Sknrsjapn-: <Jfor the fromotion of the |oItflyl. Stomal. JjritoUmial and tEommetcia! Interests of th< |tojlf J "^S2,i.VK!iiJSVA*rK _ ESTABLISHED 1858. YORKVILLE, 8. C., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1909. ~ Nb.~103. !#via\ by ^HKM Hi Success By wincf wfkttm thompso FitMt Tk*apM?. CurttM. I)M. ky 1 fir ^ A^wyV'VW^^^'V^^wv CHAPTETR X. Turning & Dirty Trick. Pinckney started at first, too amaxed to speak. Finally he managed to pull himself together. "Frances! What are you doing here?" he exclaimed. The girl's reply was a contemptuous sneer. "I don't have to ask what you are doing here." "You know?" "Yes," she cried. "I know you are trying to ruin Mr. Sommers' gun, and that's why I'm here?to prevent it." Her hatred of dishonesty, her love for Sommers, her pride in the honor of the Durants, had all combined to drive the girl into a fury of passion that Pinckney had never seen before. He could not fight against it He knew that and so he had to' temporise. Instead of showing anger he only smiled with apparent surprise and pity. "What could have put such a ridlcuI loua notion in your mind, Frances? It's too foolish to discuss. Who told you?" "Don't try to explain, Edward," the girl exclaimed angrily. "Lucy Smith told me. O'Leary told her. He was hurt because he wanted to be honest She came to the house to find Mr. - Sommers, and I borrowed her dress to A come here quickly and warn him." Pinckney was smiling now with reBK lief. He saw he had a chance if he r could only get the girl out of the way. "And you believe such a story?" he protested In a hurt tone. "Why, my child, O'Leary was delirious. Smith was drunk and struck him while they were fighting?a plain, ordinary fight between hot headed workmen. "What possible reason could I have for wanting to Injure this gun? To have It a success means as much to your father and to me as it does to Sommera. Think of the reputation of the plant, of these works, that your father has spent his life in building up! "Why, Sommers is here now looking after the gun himself. If he were to hear such a story it might ruin your father's business. You don't want to W ruin your father's business on the word P of a delirious workman, sore on his tg foreman for beating him? Don't you see how wrong you are?" The girl hesitated. It did seem plausible. O'Leary was hurt. He had been fighting. And then she did not imagine any one could be so contemptible as to fight a rival in the way Plnckney must be doing if he really 1 had Dlanned all that O'Leary charged. rThe girl felt that perhaps she had been too hasty. She felt Just a bit ' v. foolish, coming there in Lucy Smith's clothes and possibly exposing herself ? to ridicule before the men. She hesitated. looking at Plnckney. From the other end of the furnace % room, where he had gone to Intercept 8ommers, Smith had made out Lucy, as he supposed, talking to Plnckney. The drunken rage of the foreman changed instantly to this- new object of attack. Why should Lucy be talking to Plnckney? What was she doing there? He had warned her time and again to keep away from the works, and especially from Plnckney and the office, fc ^ because Smith knew Plnckney and the f advantage which he had taken of his position more than once to Injure girls whose fathers and brothers depended on him for their livelihood. The general manager was a little czar in the town. Mr. Durant did not come into close personal relations with the men in the plant, and Plnckney could take on and put off. make and ruin men at his will. He had ruined some, and others, Smith knew, had rls ?-n from the works through complaisance and pretended blindness to the aca tlons of the general manager. But the Independent foreman did not propose to put himself in that class. He loved his family when he was sober. and no matter what he might do himself he was determined that his wife and daughter should go straight. Wo wonder, then, the sight of his daughter talking to Pinckney in the works before all the men enraged him. With the bar in his hand he lurched down the long room. "Hey, there!" he shouted when he had come close. "What do you mean talking to this fellow? Haven't I told you I didn't want you hanging around the works and not to talk to him? f Now. you get out of here quick!" jML Frances turned, and Smith stepped back aghast. "Miss Durant!" he exclaimed. "Excuse me. miss. I thought you was Jh Lucy." "That's all right. Smith." exclaimed Pinckney hastily. "No trouble now, remember." And he turned back to Frances. "Come to the office. Frances, t'oine away from here. I will explain everything to you fully." Puzzled and a bit uncertain as to Plnekney's real attitude, the girl obedlently followed him up a short flight nf stena and lntr a little overseer's of. m flee that Jutted out Into the furnace room. Plnckney closed the door after W/ him. "Mr. Sommers' gun Is just going Into the tempering bath." he said.. He Js here superintending It. So you understand all must be right. Just wait here a few moments, and then you can see Smnmers himself." The suggestion seemed reasonable. Frances nodded acquiescence. "All right. I will wait." she said. Outside In the furnace room a furious bustle followed the closing of the ^ little office door. Smith gave the signal, and the big gun. caught In the phalns from the traveler, began to rise slowly out of the trap furnace and |hung suspended, a huge mass of white "Hustle It up, quick. Into the bath!" yelled Smith, for already Sommers had appeared at the end of the long fur VIRELESSl Thompson Bacbanaa From the fel Play of the Sane Name |, IELL SMITH, FREDERIC N and PAUL ARMSTRONG |i Frederic TbtapiM. AO Rilkto Iwwri, ' J nace room and was coming quickly toward him. The men, drive non by their drunkenen boss, worked desperately fast. The huge traveler carrying the Sommers gun moved slowly toward the waiting oil bath. It was halfway there when Smith, the iron bar still in his hand, met esommers. "So you're coming to take charge of this Job, are you?" he sneered. The naval officer tried to push by, but Smith got in front of him. "See here," exclaimed Sommers angrily, "wait until you are sober before you talk to me., Now, get away and attend to your work!" The order enraged Smith all the more. "Who are you giving orders to?" he yelled. "Come on, now; get out of i here! You'd better beat it up in the office." He jerked hla thumb toward the little overseeing office. "Get in there and talk to Pinckney. He's locked up there with a lady friend of yours." Sommers' quick temper had begun to flare at the insolence of the foreman. He had not come out from the office In time, and he did not know that It was hla gun which the traveler was slowly bearing to the waiting ell bath. He saw only In front of him an insolent, drunken workman, who should be dls charged for coming on duty in sucn condition. "You drunken blackguard! I'll see ] Plnekney, and if he doesn't discharge you I'll kick you out of here myself!" i He flung the foreman aside and, running up the steps to the office, tried the I door. It was locked, and his knock brought no response. i Down below the men looked at each otner, and taking the cue from Smith, ; laughed at the navy man. Slowly i Sommera came down the steps. What i was wrong? He could not make out exactly. He saw Marsh, who had been i standing uneasily far In the back- j ground, and motioned to him. The head draftsman came slowly. 1 He knew how important It was to keep Summers diverted from the main ob- < Ject and was nerved to play his part i until the gun should be disposed of. "I wouldn't go In there If I were you, Mr. Sommera," he suggested. "Mr. Pinckney's In there with a girl." i Sommers had been about the works I long enough to know Pinckney's repu- i tatlon among the men, but this open i flaunting In their very faces was worse than anything he had imagined. ! "Who is it?" he asked contemptuous- j ly. I "I think It's Smith's daughter. Lucy," i hesitated Marsh. Sommers' face flamed with anger. He understood now, he thought, why i Pinckney had been willing: to leave Smith on the Job, even though he was ] drunk. It all seemed simple. Smith i must buy Immunity from punianment 1 In this shameful fashion. Contempt for Pinckney and rage that he should run the risk of being ruined by the dirty work of such men roused ' Sommers to fierce anger. He turned back and ran again up the steps to the 1 little office, knocking fiercely this time i on the door. i "Pinckney, come out of there at ' once!" he shouted. I The command was so fiercely given the general manager could not but obey. He opened the door, coming out slowly and, In response to Sommers' gesture of command, followed him down the steps. Frances, her face partly covered with the shawl, came after Pinckney. At ho hni?nm nf the stens the naval offl cer turned on the manager of the works with fierce contempt. "No wonder you kept Smith' drunk on the Job!" he exclaimed. "Haven't you got sense of shame enough not to take hia daughter In that office before all these men?" Plnckney understood the mistake, but It was anything to gain time now. "What business is that of yours?" he retorted angrily. ( "Well, I'll make it my business," came tne fierce reply. "It's my business when such conduct threatens to ruin my work as well as ruin a girl's name. You ought to be ashamed of yourself.j Now, get her out quick. Then take Smith off this Job." He turned his back contemptuously on Plnckney and the girl Just in time to meet the blazing, wrathful face of Joe O'Leary. The assistant foreman had been fixed up by the doctor and now, with a bandaged head, had returned to the works Just in time to see Plnckney and the girl with Sommers at the bot- , torn of the steps. O'Leary, too, misunderstood. "Mr. Plnckney," he yelled, "watch me! I cross myself. I know what you've done to others, but you can't do it to my girl. I cross myself, and with it goes an oath that I'm going to kill you with my bare hands!" He rushed forward, and Plnckney jumped back before his fierce attack. But escape would have been hopeless had not Frances, throwing back the shawl from her head, stepped in be tween, so tnat sne tacen ouwi mers and O'Leary. Tne wounded 'Leary stopped, aghast. "Miss Durant!" he said slowly. In amazement. Summers stared, startled, not knowing what to say. Then he saw the expression on the men's faces, and that forced him to speak. "Mr. Pinckney, explain all this at once, for the sake of O'l^eary and these men." Pinckney shrugged his shoulders. "There's nothing to explain." he said, "Miss Durant wanted to see the Summers gun anted, and she borrowed one of Lucy's Smith's dresses so as not to excite comment, that's all." His tone was cool, collected, with just a touch of surprise In it that any explanation would he needed. O'Leary stepped back awkwardly. "Yea, Hlr. I beg your pardon for me haPty speech." The general manager turned to Frances "Come! Let's go, Frances." The girl had been looking at Sommers and he at her. Both knew that something more was needed. Something more must be said before the perfect understanding between them could be restored. Finally, with a half sigh, she turned and started to walk away. Sommers stepped close to Plnckney. "If you don't explain aloud at once why you attempted to pift Miss Durant In an awkward position by locking that door I'll break your head. How dared you lock that door You? with your reputation about these works! Speak!" "The door wasn't locked," retorted Plnckney aloud. Frances heard. She stopped short, her face flushed with shame. Was It possible {hat Sommers thought there was anything wrong In her being there? Then anger at herself for coming and at him for letting himself provoke a scene swept her to action. She turned and 'stenned back quickly to the two men. "Don't say a word, Mr. Plnckney," she ordered sharply. "1 forbid you to speak. Lieutenant Sommers can think for a moment what his manner seems to Imply. I refuse to give him any explanation. I must also refuse to even Bee him in the future." Sommers looked at her aghast. "Miss Durant, you don't understand," he exclaimed. The girl looked him coldly up and down. "I do understand, Mr. Sommers. Oood day." And, turning, she walked quickly away. " ? J a sommers iuukcu anci uci wi moment, then, seeing the hopelessness of the misunderstanding, turned back to the furnaces. As he did so for the first time he noticed his gun being transferred to the tempering bath. "Here! What's this?" he shouted. But before he could say more Smith had stepped In front of him. The foreman was wild with drunken glee now. He had won, he felt, and tnere was nothing to do but hold Sommers off a minute longer. "What do you think of It now?" he shouted. "Your girl was locked up with him, wasn't she? Lots of chance you stand against the general manager when she'll lock herself In the office with him." As the last jerrlng word came out Sommers swung wildly. Smith staggered, then came back with the iron bar raised. In an Instant he had brought It crashing down upon the lieutenant's head. Then, as the naval officer fell, In rage Smith bent over and seized him. "What are you doing?" shouted Pinckney. But Smith, Insane from rage and the ?* ?u A m monovlnff Blglll Ul uiuuu, noo uc/viiu i**w?<mq He lifted the half dazed sailor and staggered with him, toward an open furnace. Naval men are used to hard knocks. Sommers came to. He had dodged partly, and the bar caught him only a glancing blow. Now he realized his danger and with a desperate effort tore himself loose. Smith had dropped the bar. It was an even thing now. Wildly the foreman rushed, but a straight left stopped him, and then a fierce right uppercut, delivered close, brought him to his knees. He arose only to meet another swing that dropped him senseless, and as he fell his head struck the ground just Wiv wlkommor UUUCl Lilt; UI6 III Iiaitiiuwi. The hammer was coming down when Sommers with a quick jerk dragged his man out Just In time. Then as he stood above his senseless antagonist he heard the voice of Pinckney Joyously triumphant: "All right! The Sommers gun is in the bath!" The dirty trick had been safely turned. To be Continued. PATTI'S GIFT. Hidden In a Basket of Flowers She Found a Tiny Dog. During one of the most admirable performances that Donizetti's opera ever received in this country an incident occurred that lent momentous interest to Patti's appearance. Mme. Diaz, wife of the president of Mexico, had heard of the death of Pattl's pet dog Rlccl and had sent her another, which was presented to the diva in a novel way. The tiny animal was buried in a basket of roses, but an usher discovered It, and the manager refused permission. At the next act, however, Mr. Abbey relented and allowed the usher to convey the gift. The basket In which the dog was hidden was a triumph of floral art, and Mme. Pattl, attracted by the beauty of its design and the gorgeous bloom of its roses, chose to carry It personally off the stage. As she lifted the basket and kissed its flowers the little dog, which was badly frightened by the experience It had had, gave a feeble cry. The diva started, looked curiously into the mass of flowers, gave a purely feminine scream of delight and, running down to the footlights, whispered gleefully to the audience, "I declare if it isn't a lovely little dog!" No one who ha3 not been at a Pattl performance can realize the enthusiastic volume of applause that greeted this announcement. Men jumped up on the chairs and women waved their fans and handkerchiefs and cried hys terically. Suddenly Pattl dived her curly head Into the basket and kissed the dog, whereat a fresh storm of cheers rang through the house. Then she tried to extract the little animal from the flowers, so that she could show him to the audience, but he wa? tied in securely with ribbons. Whereupon she said in dumb hut eloquent pantomime, "I can't get him out." Finally, as the applause showed no signs of abatement, she ran off the stage, gave the dog to an attendant, came tripping back and whispered, "Home, Sweet Home," to Signor Ardltl. and the ballad was sung as only Pattl could sing it. There were tears in her eyes as she finished, and many a man In the au <11 torium choked down a sob and many a woman wept silently as the pathetic ritralns of the old song: floated In mournful cadence througrh the auditorium. ij&iscdteneouis grading. OLD WORLD ARMIE8. Drafting Mathoda By Which Thair Strength la Maintained. We hear a good deal about conscripts rt hut /our twnnln know what It ac tually means. In no country Is every person who Is able to fight drafted Into the army. All males who are liable to serve undergo a physical axaminatlon, resulting in only a certain number being passed as fit for service. No government has sufficient funds to draft the whore of these men 'nto the regular army, so a selection Is made by ballot, the number of men enrolled varying according to the funds In the hands of the authorities. The pay provided for the conscript Is necessarily very trifling indeed and will not compare with that paid to volunteer soldiers. In fact, it is generally true that the conscript must fall back upon his private means. The methods vary in each country. But take the case of one European power. Every male subject not physically Incapacitated is liable to enter the army at the age of twenty, although those who care to enlist may do so at eighteen. A register 1b kept of all the youths who reach the age of twenty in the nsptirular vear. Men under five feet two inches In height are exempt from service, as well, of course, as those who suffer from natural Infirmities which render them unsuitable for active service. Other men are also exempt if they have helpless dependents?thus the only son of a widow or of a disabled father, the latter category als6 including the only son of a father who is above seventy years of age. Then the eldest of a family of orphans is exempt, and In the case of two sons only one is liable, there being various other exemptions. The term served by the conscript is one of twenty-five years, three years being spent in the regular army, six and one-half In the army reserve, six in the territorial army and the remaining nine and a half years in the territorial reserve, all liability to service ceasing at forty-five. The service is frequently so hated that all manner of methods are adopted In order to avoid it In many cases substitutes are provided by the wealthy, though there are stringent regulations with regard to the provision of the substitutes. In most European countries military malingering in order to avoid compulsory military service has reached the stage of a fine art. In fact a formidable list of new crimes has been added to the statutes as a result, and medical men frequently have to suffer for their assistance in this particular kind of fraud. Thus some time ago a number of Cologne doctors were arrested upon a charge of having administered pills to young conscripts. These pills consisted of drugs which produced the symptoms of heart disease so effectively as completely to deceive the military authorities, with the result that the conscripts were declared unfit for service. In this case the fraud was brought to light by one of the conscripts dying as a result of an [overdose of the medicine. In Germany, where the conscript is frequently treated with the greatest harshness, there are very few towns where there are not specialists whose living depends solely In Inducing such a condition of affairs as will render young men exempt by reason of unfitness. In the French army It Is quite common for youths to feign all manner of Ills, deafness being the usual ailment trusted to In order to escape the service. As a result the military doctors have made an especial study of methods of detecting feigned deafness and to trap the cunning youth who acts the part of a deaf man. Another common practice In France is to tamper with the eyesight, though this frequently results In permanent Injury. For Instance, short sight Is I nroduced by wearing powerful con cave glasses for a considerable time despite the risk of bringing about permanent blindness. It is no uncommon occurrence for men to commit suicide rather than submit to forced service in the army. In eastern Europe most brutal methods are adopted by parents In or|der that their sons may be able to work for them Instead of serving In I the army. The boys are frequently 111 treated, and it la not at all uncommon even for their limbs to be broken I or their sight to be destroyed In order to prevent any likelihood of their having to become soldiers. Switzerland probably has the cheaplest army and the least burdensome methods of conscription, the service being much lighter than In the other | continental armies. Indeed,- the conscript In the Infantry army has to undergo actual training for only 135 days during the entire period of his service.?Philadelphia Ledger. * ' ENGLAND'S HOUSE OF LORDS. Right to Existence Now Undergoing Critical Test. is tne tfriusn nouse 01 lorus &uuul to be abolished or radically shorn of Its power? That is the larger question looming up behind the fight over the budget In England. The warning of Lord Roseberry that the very existence of the upper chamber is in jeopardy was not an idle threat. It was given all the more force by the fact that Roseberry himself is opposed to the budget. He would like to see it defeated, but questions either the right or the policy of the lords to bring about that defeat. He regards the stake as too great. In destroying the budget they destroy themselves. He was ably seconded by Lord Balfour of Burleigh, who in plain English told the peers that if they won In their fight against the budget their victory would be but temporary, while if they lost the defeat would be permanent. They would not only fall In killing the budget, but would end their own pow er. In adopting Lord Lansdowne's motion to reject the budget pending an appeal to the nation it is contended that the peers are guilty of a twofold usurpation of power?one against the commons and the other against the king. Since 1688 the exclusive con trol of financial matters has been it the house of commons. For the lord! now to assume the right to reject a financial measure Is the first act ol usurpation. Lord Lansdowne's motior requires a dissolution of parliament The right to dissolve parliament, howver, belongs to the crown. This is the dcvwhu aci xjt uaui ^auuai. The rejection of the budget in noi the first offense of the lords. Several other reform measures proposed bj the present government and passed b> the commons have met their death ir the upper chamber, Just as Gladstone'! home rule bill was killed a few yeari ago. All these things have been allowed to accumulate against the day of wrath. They have not been forgotten. They wete kept In abeyance only to be presented as different counts in the indictment when the people ol England came to pass Judgment on their house of peers. Has the day ol settlement finally come? The British budget is the omnibus financial measure of each year, containing the taxation and revenue provisions. The present one, over which pll this fight has been raised, is depounced as socialistic, but the definition is not accurate. The budget is more In line with Henry George's single tax, which is quite another thing from socialism. The single tax, or a modified form of it known as the land tax, has already been adopted In portions of the British empire, notably in Hew Zealand and Australia. This measure would put it in force in England. Scotland and Ireland. The tax Is laid with especial emphasis on the "unearned increment"?that Is, the value which is put into the land by the community and not by the owner. For example, a man owns a farm near which or on which springs up a city. Because of the city the land increases Immensely in value, although the individual owner has contributed noth ing to that Increase. It Is made wholly by the community. This Is the unearned Increment, and on such social Value accruing in future the budget lays its impost. There are other provisions in kind; also a considerable tax on liquor. It Is the land tax and liquor tax that have caused the trouble. In Great Britain the land is largely owned by the lords, and it now transpires that these scions of nobility are financially Interested In the liquor concerns. Between the two they get It both ways. They are being hit in the pocketbook, and that is the reason they are usurping a power that no British house of lords has dared assume In more than 200 years. Dare they assume it? This momentous question is now to be answered by the electors of England, Scotland and Irelaad. There are more than 600 peers in the three realms, but ordinarily only a few attend the sessions of parliament. Most of them are never seen within the precincts of the house of lords. They are not only jtbqtftee landlords, but absentee The budget fight, however, brought practically all of them to London. They swarmed out of their castles as the rats swarmed out of Hamelin town at the call of the Pled Piper. Hundreds of strange faces appeared in the upper chamber that never were seen there before and perhaps never will be again. It was the holders of special privilege rushing to the defense when an attack on privilege was threatened. The ensuing debate Is one that will be long remembered In England, though not for its brilliancy. It amazed the nation. To call It a schoolboy affair would be no insult to the schools. One minister termed It babyish. Outside of a few men like Roseberry and Balfour, Lord Salisbury and the Earl of Crewe it displayed lack of grasp, breadth and statesmanlike qualities. It was selfish, personal, sordid. It was the whine of a spoiled boy. When not petulant it was deadly dull. It was an attempt at argument by men unfamiliar with intellectual habits. Yet the spectacle had its educational value. It showed to the British people their so-called nobility in its true light. It stripped off the glamour of name and tradition. At the disillusionment the people at first gasped and then laughed. That debate doomed the house of lords?If not next year, then in the near future. It revealed these peers of the realm as selfish and allied to the worst elements In the kingdom. It showed them to be not only common clay, but as beneath the average In Intelligence and morality. Today Englishmen are gathering by the thousand and cheering for the budget and David Lloyd-George, its author, the Welsh school-teacher who rose to be chancellor of the exchequer. They are singing as the French sang the "Marseillaise" more than a century ago. and the burden of their song Is that the land Is for the people. LloydGeorge and Winston Churchhill are ridiculing the dukes with a sarcasm that Is spreading a grin over the three nations. It reminds one of the days when Thomas Paine wrote his "Rights of Man" in defense of the principles of the French revolution, In which he scored the aristocracy In words that ring yet. Paine has been dead a century. but the truths he voiced are the most living things in England. Origin of New Ad. Style. When the New York Ledger was wavering on the brink of failure Robert Bonner, the proprietor, sent to the New York Herald a brief advertisement to be set up In a single line. So Greeleyesque was Mr. Bonner's handwriting that the advertlselng manager Interpreted the directions as ordering that the copy be run In full page, which Instructions he obeyed, though marveling greatly. The Herald came out the next morning with one whole page devoted to the crisp adjuration to read the Ledger's new story. The effect upon Mr. Bonner was almost fatal, first from chagrin at the thought of the possible bill, then from amazement as subscriptions began to pour In, and Anally from satisfaction, as they continued to flood the office until the fortune of the publication was made. The novel, though accidental, device had struck the public fancy. Mr. Bonner was hailed as the pioneer of a new and daring theory of exploitation, and the advertisement gained tenfold currency by being commented upon as a feature of the news. Xi There are seven million cats in the United Kingdom. i WASHINGTON IN DANGER. . Reminiscences of the Early Days, of f the Civil War. , At the beginning of the civil war in 1861, the capltol building was not more . than half completed. The readers who , were born since 1860 know no more of that great struggle for the life of the t nation than they know of the war with I Mexico or the war of the revolution. t It is all history to them save that it has r been a home story about the firesides t of the men of the north and of the , south who participated in the grapple , and carnage of battle. It was a won. derful spectacle, even as a reminlsr cence, to see two sections of a great . nation engaged in such deadly combat , extending over a period of years, i The capital city of the republic was so located that It was on the border! land of the seceding section, and south > of the center of the loyal north. The public building, the official records v and the national treasury were also almost wholly unprotected. The people of the south were In earnest about , secession, and hoped for some sort of a peaceful compromise. They did not want to tire on the old flag, or they , could have taken Washington city before the inauguration of Abraham Lln. coin. They were prepared for war, and the north was not I have always given them credit for conservatism at the outset. In -keeping hands off of the capital, which was at their mercy. , There was not a fort manned, nor a sentinel standing there for defense, until after Lincoln's Inauguration. , The capltol building was a mass of , tall derricks surrounded by piles of ( marble blocks. The central portion of the building was complete and occupied , by congress. But the dome looked like an unfinished parachute. Its iron arms , extended half way to their keystone, without covering, and the workmen, away up in the air, looked like dwarfs at play on the limbs of a leafless banyan tree with ruined trunk. Tnere were many men In those days who be Ileved that It would never be finished. One of them was Sena tor, Cllngman of North Carolina, who said: "The building Is on Maryland soil, and Maryland ( will secede with the other southern states. In the division of the country by compromise, it will belong to the ; south. We will take it down and remove It to Montgomery, Ala,, or Richmond, Va. Of course we will not have , our capital so near to Tankee soil, for ( it would be exposed If there should ever be a war. Besides we will want it located nearer the center of the Confederacy." Many leading southern gentlemen haH nn riper Idee that war was imml nent. They were thoroughly imbued ( with the belief that the men of the north would not fight against secession. They sincerely regarded their right to . withdraw from the Union as a constl- , tutfonal privilege. They possessed all ( of the Atlantic and gulf ports, with , their fortifications and equipments, I uand the bulk of the army. Moreover, there were many people in the north- , em states who were like-minded, and J who deprecated war. Hence there was a prevailing sentiment that the capltol would never be completed. The whole scene changed in the twinkling of an eye. The steamer "Star of the West," flying the Stars and Stripes, carrying supplies and reinforcements to Fort Sumter, was fired upon, and immedl- . ately thereafter Fort Sumter was bombarded and captured. That settled the whole matter, and we were in the presence of a crisis?an epoch of history. The war began, the national capital was defended, the president and cabinet remained there, troops were called for, the congress assembled, and the work of completing the capltol building went on as though profound peace j prevailed. The dome was completed, ( the senate and house wing3 were add- , - J a lO/JJ Kun/lro/lu f\t thrill. I eu, ailU 111 xooi, nunc Iiuuuivu. W. sands of our people were battling for supremacy of the principles they espoused. the marble building on the summit of the commanding eminence grew into what it now is. "a thing of beauty and a Joy forever." But there was great excitement here when Virginia's legislature passed an ordinance of secession on April 17, 1861. This was followed by news to the effect that the young men all over the south were meeting together In every village and hamlet and crossroads, and forming companies and drilling with muskets; and where muskets were not to be had they used pitchforks or other Implements that first came to hand, and they declared that in less than a fortnight the southern flag should float over the national capitol. This fact alarmed everybody in Washington, for the capital was absolutely defenseless. The local papers called for meetings of loyal men to form companies and defend the city. It was fully realized that the troops called for in the proclamation of President Lincoln could not reach Washington in time to prevent its capture. President Lincoln keenly realized the situation, and all available troops of the small regular army were ordered here: but transportation was not so ready nor so speedy as It became with the exigencies of the times. This city was largely in sympathy with secession. But two companies were speedily formed, composed almost wholly of men of the north and west who were temporarily In the city. Many of them were prominent In political and official life. The company called the Frontier Guards was commanded by Hon. Jas. H. Lane of Kansas, of "border-ruffian" fame. This company guarded the white House. The other company was called the Clay battalion, and was com- ( manded by Hon. Caaslua M. Clay. The Clay battalion was quartered In Grace j church, adjoining Wlllard's hotel, near { the treasurer. , For two days and nights these little ( bands of inexperienced men were the . only guardians of the national capital. , The Clay battalion marched to the navy ( ya. d and guarded the property there, s as It was rumored that It would all be , burned after midnight. A member of j that organization, speaking of his first experience as a soldier, said: ( On arriving at the navy yard a guard ( was placed around the grounds, and j the rest of the men, some forty or fifty, ' found quarters as best they might in a , large .-<hip building. I took lodgings In | the fold of a large sail that was sua- ( pended hammock-like over a beam. At ( 12 o'clock a relief guard was called for, , and being uncomfortably bent up and j chilly In the sail, 1 Jumped out and was j the first to respond to the corporal's , call; and for my promptness I was assigned the post of honor (as he told me, although I didn't know what It mepnt). My beat was next the river, and it was much more comfortable marching back and forth four rods under the starlight and with good musket than It was In the sail. We expected the attack would ccme, If at ail, from Alexandria and by way of the river. We peered out into the darkness which hung over the broad waters of the Potomac, trying to get sight of an enemy that we hoped would not come. About sixty yards off lay a long, low, black steamer that had been captured, and which, about 3 o'clock a. m.. showed signs of getting up steam. After holding a short council with the sentry next to me we concluded to report the fact that the vessel was making steam to the commandant of the yard, which we did through the corporal of the guard, and word was returned that ic was all right 'and according to orders.' About an hour later Commander Da.ilgren came out of his residence in full dress uniform, and being challenged gave the password 'Massachusetts,' and then descended the steps to the water's edge, got into his gig, went on board the suspicious vessel and it moved slowly and silently away. I now understood what the corporal meant by the 'post of honor.'" The arrival of the 8lxth Massachusetts infantry, on April 19, did not relieve the apprehensions of the president and other officials. Rioters in Baltimore had killed four and wounded thirty-six members of that regiment, and the authorities of Baltimore declared that no more troops should pass through the city. President Lincoln declared that they should. During that night the secession leaders of Baltimore mobs were busy burning bridges and tearing up the railroad track, thus cutting off all connection with the north. Without mall facilities, or other means of communication with the outside world, the gloom- thickened. Men now had a great desire to leave Washington and some paid extravagant and almost fabulous sums to be carried north by livery teams. Others of southern birth, were equally anxious to get south, and in a few days Washington was considerably thinned out of its transient population. This was believed, however, to be a time of real danger?when the days were tilled with apprehension and the nights with dread. This sense of danger, with lb. strain and tension of sleepless anxiety, was not relieved until the afternoon of April 26, 1861, when the famous Seventh New York regiment reached the city, and as they marched up Pennsylvania avenue to the inspiring music of their Ane regimental band, bearing at their head the Stars and Stripes, their wellAlled columns! their regular step and Boldierly bearing, won the admiration of all, and each one felt that the crisis was past and the capital saved. At any moment, at any hour of the day or nlghf, the Virginia boys could have taken Washington and won great prestige to the Confederacy. After that date the troopers of the northiand came pouring Into the city on every train. But the war was not over In thirty days nor In ninety days. For four long years the national capital was the rendezvous, the, bivouac and camping ground of hundreds of thousands of men, and tens of thousands of them spent weeks and months in hospitals there, sick, wounded and dying. Smith D. F*ry. SPECULATING ON MARGIN. American and English Ways of Doing It Are Very Different. In America a speculator's capital (with an exception to be noted below) is necessarily at least the size 3f his margin In his broker's hands, though It is to be feared that In only too many Instances it Is Just this and nothing more. On the London stock exchange another method prevails which, says Moody's Magazine, It is probable has lone more In the long ago past to ?lve stock specuiauon its oaa name than all the episodes of an unsavory nature which have ever occurred on American exchanges. In London after the Inevitable Introduction to a broker, the new customer gives his crder, but makes no deposit at all. The broker Is supposed to learn something of his new client's means md how far he should be allowed :o commit himself. Twice a month the English have what they call :helr settlement days. A customer long of a stock whose commitment tias gone somewhat against him is :hen required to pay the differences, is they are called, between nis purchase price and, the current quot*:ion. He must also pay a charge ca'led i contango for holding the settlement over Into the next fortnightly period If he does not wish to close :he commitment As a consequence jf the way of doing business a specuator may be trading on a few points margin in reality, or in fact on no margin at all?he may be utterly lennlless without his broker knowing t. That this method works out with 'ewer losses in England than It would io here is due to the fact that the social and ecanomlc strata to which in Englishman belongs are much easier to determine that the corres ponding facts among us, anu aiso that an Introduction means more there than here, as the introducer is regarded as to a certain extent responsible morally for the business deportment of his friend. It is worth while observing (and his is the exception referred to ibove) that in certain Instances the nethods pursued In American stock exchange houses are the same as hose obtaining In London. Little as :he fact is known, it is not an unfrequent custom for very wealthy ipeculators to have no fixed margin >r even no margin at all with their jrokers. If a man of this sort loses on a lommltment he sends his broker a :heck for the loss; If he wins his irokers remit to him for his gains. The broker dislikes to offend a very jowerful client by troubling him for 'unds and hence takes risks with his iccount which he would not dream >f taking with the account of smaller nen. Instances of this sort sometimes jecome public in cases where the jroker is forced into bankruptcy, whether owing to this cause or not. PRINTING BY STEAM. London "Times" First Paper to Adopt tho Invention. In these days, when the Influence of the press Is, one might almost say, paramount, it is interesting to recall tne fact that on November 29, 1814, a newspaper appeared for the first time printed by steam instead of by manual labor. The credit for having adopted the invention rests with the Times, which was the first paper to inaugu- ,/ rate the new system. In a leading article of the day the great event is referred to in the following terms: "Our journal of this day presents to the public the practical result of the greatest improvement connected with printing since the discovery of the art itself. The reader of this paragraph now holds in his hands one of the many thousand impressions of the Times newspaper which were taken off last night by a mechanical apparatus. A system of machinery, almost organic, & i*.. has been devised and arranged whl?jh,? while it relieves the human frame 6f * its laborious efforts in printing, far exceeds human power in rapidity and despatch." The article goes on to explain In more or less detail the process of the new machine, the work of the compositor. the supply of paper, the distribution of ink, the 1,100 sheets impressed in an hour, "which several operations leave little for man to do but watch the unconscious agent In Its operations." With becoming modesty the writer of the article goes on to say that the Times -only takes credit for the application of the discovery. The patentees of the new machine approached them and they adopted the invention. As to the inventor, his work is compared to the noblest monument of Sir Christopher Wren?St Paul's cathedral. We are told that he was a Saxon by birth, by name Konig, who developed his wonderful invention, assisted by his "friend and countrvmen Bauer." Very soon the new machine gave place to another with vast improvements. Invented by Applegarth and Cowper, and later still to another, even more ingenious, the work of one Hoe, which has given place to the modern printing press. Everything changes; the most marvelous Invention of one generation is superseded in the next, and what our grandfathers regarded as mechanical marvels we look upon today as clumsy tools. How long will alp-,*'I It be before the present system of printing is discarded for a still more wonderful process? The art of printing, as also that of engraving, existed long before the fifteenth century. Indeed there la good evidence to show that In the eleventh century It was practised by kings and princes. Thus William the Conqueror had his monogram cut In metal, the imprvHBlon of which may be seen, on certain old charters. In the east printing was 8jnjwflr Tbhf t>efore Norman days. In China, for Instanoe, as far back as the second century many of the most important classical works were engraved on tablets, some of which have been preserved to this day. Again, in Japan the art of block printing was well known in the year 770; while as for copper types, the invention is attributed to the Coreans. Tet despite all evidence that the east discovered and practised the art long before the west trustworthy authorities refuse to admit that Europe learned anything from China or Japan. But however that may be, printing much as we Bee it tnriav waa perfected at Mainz in the year 1454. Aa to when, where, and by whom the art was discovered the controversy raged for many hundred years. An Italian Costaldl by name, who lived in the middle of the fifteenth century, was for many years accepted as the inventor of the art. By others John Gutenberg, a native of Bohemia, was regarded as the true author. In other circles Johann Faust, Mentel of Strasburg and Nicholas Jansen ail had their supporters. When all the evidence, however, of the various claimants has been inquired into the result leads us to the conclusion that printing with movable metal types was the invention of Janszoon Coster, who displayed his skill at Haarlem in the year 1446. From this time onward improvements followed quickly. Thus the hand press is now superseded by the most wonderful of mechanical machines. In the olden days, and indeed until comparatively recent years, the old printers were entirely independent of every other craft; they carried on their work unassisted, one man being able to do all that was required for the production of a document. He could make his machine and mend it, mix his ink and cast the type. In short, he was his own master and could produce everything necessary to carry on his trade. How different are things nowadays, when the staff of an Important London paper numbers some hundreds of Individuals. In the fifteenth century, moreover, there were many itinerant printers who wandered through Europe and set up a press wherever they went. It follows from this that the plant required must have been very limited. In this respect it is curious to notice that as regards the shape of the actual types there is no great difference between the old and the modern. Thus the pure Roman type, such as Is used today, is in reality nothing more than an improved edition of a particular writing well known In the eighth century. In conclusion nothing has given a greater Impetus to the art of printing or has tended more to develop the printing machine than education. As people become more educated so they demanded more books, whereas In olden days a book was a luxury, owing to the expense of printing. So inexpensive has the process now become that whereas formerly the BlKl/* or*/i nAt a 1 u-ova that_AAnattf llfpH the entire library of a cottage, today the latest productions may be bought by those possessed of the smallest means. And for this change of affairs no journal is more responsible than the London Times, the first paper to introduce steam printing.? London Globe. ?* 10RA "Cho Kol/moru tn i sTia of our bent families." "Did her ancestors come over In the Mayflower?" "Oh, no. She's much more exclusive than that. She's a "Daughter of Discoverers of the North Pole." "?Life.