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i. m. grist's sons, Pubiisherj. } % .Jfamtljj Ueicspaper: ,^or the promotion of the political, Social. Agricultural and Commercial Interests of (he people. {TKs?nolecopVfEive ckntoVA!<<;'< established 1855. YORKVILLE, S. C? FRIDAY, MAY 8, 1908. ~~ NO. 37. i an ill hi mimiuiymiyiymii 0= By CLARENCE wiUwwiwwrwwiiiwifnwuii CHAPTER XXV. Picked Up?On the Ocean. A sunny day, overhead, but with low-lying clouds along the horizon, which promised a rainy night. The Pond Lily (somewhat in advance of the steamer on which Miss Lurline liannottie took passage from New York for Liverpool, as you may remember.) hurrying toward the east. Another steamer, of another line, a half-dozen miles or so to the north, doing her best to win in the race the two rivals were running. Or?since it may be true that ocean steamers do not race?I'll restate the matter: The Pond Lily and another steamer were going east at a very rapid rate, some four or six miles apart, and the passengers on each were gathered on the decks, anxiously watching the progress, ea-ch of the other. Some seemed a little nervous and fearful, a large number seemed exhilarated, and a few were talking seriously of betting on the result of the?I almost wrote race, but suppose we say trip! It made a great deal of difference to the actors in this history of the man outside?his friends and his foes ?that Lurline Bannottie did not find it convenient to return to Europe on the Pond Lily: that she sailed from New York, at the time she did. instead of from Boston at about the the time the Pond Lily took her departure from New York; and that in the?the (if I can't say "race." and if "trial of speed" is improper, fet me write something which will pleasantly and not too suggestively cover the case) the comparison of rates of travel, the pond Lily was sit the south and the other steamer at the north of the strip of water which lay between them. For it might have heon unpleasant for Captain Dennis to pick up the fruits of his?shall we say indiscretion. or shall we use a harsher term??out at sen. The northernmost vessel of the two suddenly stopped. The officers of the Pond Lily looked through their glasses, I doubt not. in a laudable ef fort to determine why the omer steamer had stopped in her course, and more especially if she ran up any signals of danger or distress. If I am correct in this supposition, they failed to find out anything. No appeal for help floated out upon the air. There was no voiceless call for aid. Assistance has not asked. The Pond Lily's captain could scarcely have seen, from the position he occupied. and perhaps would not have understood if he had seen it. the boat which was lowered front the other vessel, and which was pulled away toward the north as fast as strong arms could propel it. He certainly could not have seen the tiny speck below his horizon, for it was on the very rim of the other vessel, on which a dot of white waved and beckoned?mute signal of a desperate need. And so?the wheels of the ponderous machinery of the Pond Lily did not stop: their speed did not lessen: her course did not change: she went her way; she went below the eastern horizon. and out of sight. Since she and her captain went out of our story, some time since. I am glad she is gone. I hope I shall not soon feel that I owe the reader an apology for letting her even sail in sight of us. They pulled the boat from the other steamer with a sturdy will. And. though the distance was a great one, the time was not long- before they were by the side of the object of which they had gone in search?a pitiful object surely. It was the side of a heavy, rough box, never a part of a vessel, and of such a character thai one could not guess what use it had ever been put to on shipboard. Fastened to it. by a ramrod from a rifle, was a piece of white cloth?ragged and tattered?which had been torn from a man's shirt. And on this tiniests of rafts, so small and frail that the waves beat over it constantly, so small that it afforded only the support which life demanded, and none of the protection which its occupant needed, so small that two men must have drowned had they attempted to trust their lives to it. was a man. They thought him dead, at first, so pale and still was he, and imagined that the belt which fastened him to the raft so rudely extemporized had only served to keep him atloat?a corpse, waiting until the sea should give up its dead before he could tell his story, but kept from the rest which even the bodies of the dead seem to mutely crave, with neithei sods upon his breast nor the rolling waves above him. They were mistaken. The man wa> not dead. Hunger and thirst had done more against his hopes than they had in the case of Gilbert Senn. notwithstanding the fact that his rescue preceded that of Senn by. twelve hours and that Senn was cast away u">on the ocean a half-day longer than he The on is of the rescuing boat touched the frail raft, and the man looked U[ at them and smiled. Von were in a bad fix. friend." said the officer in charge of the boat. "Yes. In fact, I'm in a bad fix yet I guess I can't do much to help myself: you'll have to lift me ofT of this thing, and haul me into the boat." "All right: we'll do that. I'll venture to say you will have a new experience to relate when we get yoi warm and refreshed." "I guess not; I've been cast awa) before." ' indeed?" "Oh. yes. I've followed the set nearly all my life, and I've had several?several narrower escapes than thi; bids fair to be." By this time they had him in clu boat, well covered up. and his heat resting in the lap of the officer \vh< had rescued him. "Pull away, men." said the officer. And they pulled for the steamer at earnestly, at least, as they had puller away from her a short time before. knumiuMiiinyiyiyiuiiiimym ' I BOUTELLE. - \ wwwmwwiwwww ui mm i "May I have a drink of water?" asked the rescued man. i "Poor fellow!" said the officer. "1 , wish I had it for you. You shall have i it as soon as we reach the steamer. ' You are very thirsty?" i "Very. But I've been troubled worse before." "And you're hungry?" "Ravenously so. I am starving. But I've suffered more than this." "Weak, too, terribly weak?" "Of course, and " "And you'd better not talk," said the officer. "Better not talk? I tell you I will talk. Do you know how long I've been floating around here without a soul to speak to?" "No. How long is it?" "I don't know myself. 1 think I have somehow lost my reckoning. But it's been a good while. I am going to talk now. I don't think it would bore me now to have " "Well?" suggested the officer, when the pause had lasted for some time. "Never mind," said the rescued man: "I was thinking of an inquisitive old fellow who was coming to visit me.' I run away from him." "Ran away from him." "Yes. in my yacht." "In a yacht? And at this time of year? You got tipped over in a storm. I suppose?" "No. sir, I didn't. I'm no fool in the management of a vessel. I can tell you. I felt as safe, and I was as safe, too, as fai as anything of that s >rt was concerned, as I would have been n land." "Well, what did happen?" "We got cut down in the night. Some one ran an ocean steamer squarely over us. I think tlie yacht was cut clean in two and went straight to the bottom. I never saw one of ilie crew after we were struck, and 1 supp< se they went straight to the bottom. too." "You were the only one who escaped. then?" "I think so. The man I was training came to me. and " "The man you were training? What do you mean?" "My private secretary, I called him. though the name was given in sport instead of in earnest. He was a young fellow I'd taken a fancy to, though he was under a cloud and hadn't many friends: and thinking I'd test the stuff that was in him, before I made him the friend and companion 1 intended he should be. I took him with me on this voyage, and " "And you may tell the rest another time." said the officer: "here we are at the vessel's side, and you need food and drink and rest before you try to talk any more." It was an hour later. The steamer was again upon her way. The new passenger was installed in comfortable quarters, and had been given food and drink in plenty. He had been made a hero of by the other passengers, although most of them were compelled to indulge in their lierowciship at a distance, as the captain promptly forbade his being disturbed and annoyed in his weak and suffering condition. Rut. at the end of an hour after the time of reaching the steamer. the waif of ocean asked for the young officer who had had personal charge of the party to whom his res' cue was due. The officer came. The man he had served held out his hand. "My name is Jasper Jahnway," he said, "and I have sent to ask for you ' for three reasons; first, I want to thank- von fur the tinrt von had in mv 1 rescue; second, I want to know the ' name of the man who took me into the boat: and third, since you seemed inI terested in my story, I want to tell you the remainder of it?that is, (lie , remainder of the story of my being I shipwrecked." i "My name is Holton." said the young: officer, taking the extended hand: ; "there is no necessity for thanks, as ? I was only doing my duty: hut your story was- interesting, and, if you ' will promise to lie still and not over, exert yourself, and to stop if I see it ( is wearying you. I shall be glad to hear the rest of it. You were speaking of the gentleman you called your private secretary. 1 think you exI pressed a hope that he had been ? saved?" I "No. I dare not have such a hope. l I only said he came to me. after the 1 stroke which destroyed our vessel. 1 I will tell you all about it." I "Yes, please do." I "I was in the cabin when the disas ter occurred. 1 was cleaning a rifle: : an ammunition-belt was buckled about my waist, and I had a ramrod in my ' hand: I suppose it isn't necessary to tell you, after the part you took in I saving me. that without the one to use in fastening myself to the raft on which I escaped, or without the other . on which to raise the signal you saw i and answered, my story would be very . different from wnai 11 is. I "Very different indeed," said Mr. > I'oltiin. Mr. Jahnway winced a little at the I tone in which Mr. Bolton had spoken. 'i don't mean that I should have . died." he said: "I only mean that the manner of my rescue would have been different." "1 understand you. You are not willing tn admit that you might not have been saved?" i "I?don't?know?exactly. At any rate. I was saved, and. as I'm not in a " philosophical mood today. I'll go back to my story." "Yes. Let me hear the story." i "The steamer struck us amidships. cutting our vessel in two. I was j thrown into the sea. falling out at one side of the cabin, where it was cut en? tirely open, and fortunately falling 1 clear of the splintered wreckage which ? was. I fear, the cause of the death of more than one of my brave crew. I went down, of course, and I think < without making a sound, though of 1 that I am not sure. And if any one of the crew, any one of all those with me, except my private secretary, mad a sound or gave a sign of life, i must have been when I was down ii that first wild plunge in the sea," "That was the end for them, then? "It seems so. I suppose most o them were dragged down, without i chance to make a manly struggle fo life?drowned like rats in a trap." "And you? What happened to yoi when you came to the surface?" "It was a night of pitchy blackness I could see nothing. I could hea nothing but the sound of the tempes and the work it was doing with th< waters. But, full of that instinc which prompts a man to try to sav< his life, no matter how great his dan gcr may be. I struck out and tried t< swim. Almost as soon as I began mj hand came in contact with something 1 lUUilll It ?* WUIU oupi^ui I llic, (VItit clung- to it without making any exam inatlon of it until after I had rested 5 little and recovered my breath am some of my courage. Then I felt i carefully all over: it was the substitute for a raft on which you found m< today, the side of a box in which had taken certain supplies for mj yacht voyage, and which had, fortunately for me, been broken up by tin same blow which destroyed the Homeward Round. This side of lite ho? was, so I found, still strong and uninjured. The hoards which formed i were strongly cleated together wltl thick pieces placed crosswise. In tw< places the boards were far enougl apart, the cracks wide enough, to allow the passage of the belt I wore, passed the belt through the cracks and attached it to my clothing, had the ramrod still in my hand wh?r I came to the surface, and I had discovered a number of nail-holes in th< ^ :V \rtJL. . N-Vv ' Ihe*. jhUSi i fctSH ' TH We herewith present a cut of tin handsome new church building tha was dedicated last Sunday by tin Xeely's Creek congregation, a full account of which was published in Tin Enquirer of Tuesday. The Xeely's Creek congregation was organized ir 1790 and this is the fourth churcl building that has been erected on practically the same spot. The first pastoi was William Blackstock, who at tin same time occupied the same relatior to Steel Creek in Xorth Carolina ant Ebenezer. Other ministers were Revs William Dickson. Abraham Anderson D. D.t Thomas Ketchin. John Mushat A White and supplies sent from tin north. These last named ministers served during the period from 1S04 ti 1S47. when the congregation was con nected with the Associate Presbytery In 1S47 the congregation left the Associate Presbytery anil became an Associate Reformed church again, th< [reason of the change being because o tin- insistence of the northern end o the Associate Presbytery that lh< brethren of the south were committing a great sin in sanctioning slavery. Tin first Associate Reformed pastor nftei the reorganization was Rev. R. F. Taylor. He served until 1S.11 and was succeeded in IS,13 by Rev. L. McDonald who continued in charge until the fa I of 1 S7??. Rev. C\ 11. Metis was installei pastof in 1S71. and ministered to tin congregation until the fall of 1SS9 There was a vacancy of three yean after which Rev. I). CI. Caldwell was installed. He served until 1891. am was succeeded in is;?4 by Rev. Olivei Johnson, who resigned a few month: boards, and had thought of the use could make of one of them and tin ramrod and a strip torn from inj shirt, when the wind was not to< strong, as a signal of distress. So had carefully kept the ramrod while fastened myself to my raft, and found a string in one of my pocket: with which I secured it beyond tin possibility of losing it." "I see. You wore fortunate. Tint all (lone. I suppose you felt reasonably safe?" "I am not well enough ae<|iiaint(M with you. .Mr. Itolton. to know wheth er that is intended to lie sarcastic .> not. Hut I assure you I did feel rea sonably safe." "And knew yourself to he fortu naite?" "Yes. fairly so; relatively speaking very much so." "You are plucky." "I hope so. .My training in th school of experience lias taught me P be. < >f course 1 was not as fortu nate as I might have been?if I ha< bad my boat. for instance." "You had a good boat?" "An excellent one. and we alwa.v kept a small supply of food and wate aboard her. as well as blankets ant extra clothing. This was for the pur e pose of being ready for an emergency." f t "And when the emergency came?" >' n Mr. Jahnway laughed. Now, he could afford to. * b "When the emergency came, matters f shaped themselves as they usually do. 1< I was glad enough to let the boat go it r with the blankets and clothing, the n food and drin'k. and be fflad and hap- n j py and thankful that life was left me." d "The boat was lost, then?" i. "I suppose so. I have never seen it F r since." t "And your private secretary? What fi i? of him? You have not forgotten your n t promise to tell me of him?" a e Jahnway sighed. The tears came n - into his eyes. > "I have not forgotten," he replied; n f "1 have not forgotten. Ilut, somehow, ; i> is harder work to speak of it than I I thought it would be. I had fastened - myself to my raft; I had secured my i ramrod T was heeinniner. in the 1 darkness and silence, to plan for the t future, for the new day which was h - coming, when a ripple stirred the \va? ters near me. a ripple which V knew I was not made by the forces of nature ; and night. having their way with the V - sea. I strained my eyes in that di- \\ ? reetion, but 1 could see nothing. I did a not speak, for I did not think of the c sound as being made by a swimmer, ti - And then?without warning?a hand h I was laid upon (lie edge of my light i support, almost on my own hand. > "'Thank CJod!' said a fervent voice. 1 "It was the voice of my private sec retary. I 'Then the raft, unable to bear a T , double weight, went under. He let go. n I We came to the surface again, I on my l raft. he. so I judged by the sound, h floating on his back, and holding on a 1 to the raft enough to prevent the t< ?? Z '' .*'< ' - : *" V % .'{ ^ I M'/ E NEW NEELY'S CREEK ASS t rCL^^HnE^Ey J a MwaSt^^u.1 THE OLD CHURCH I I waves from drifting us apart, while t< ? lie <li<l not use it in the least to assist ,' iu supporting his weight. ' > "'Who is it'." lie asked. I "I told him. o I " "(Jod bless you,' lie said, 'and keep p 1 yiiu; if I livv, I shall never forget when -s> s ymi took me in and trusted me wlien fi p all the world was against me.' ft ' I only did what was right and t honest,' said I. 'and I relied greatly on a y the recommendation you brought me.' n "'I?1 know; hut you did much, so fi 1 much. You made life bright again: t< - you made a future possible. If I die. a r and you escape, tell them all?all? a - that I was innocent. And now. this n raft?big enough and strong enough - to save one?cannot save two; and so. good-by.' "'Hold on!' I cried. 'You shall not u leave me so. We will both remain here by the raft, and take turns in resting e by its aid.' a "'No,' he replied. "I will not do it. I ti - would not condemn you to death, even v 1 if it would save myself. There may b be something floating near us. in the e darkness, by which I can save my- it s self ' o r "He held out his hand to me. feel- n .1 ing gropingly in the darkness for - mine. I could not see him. but I can ei pel that warm pressure on m.v fingers et. "'Good-by,* he said, suddenly: 'goody. and God bless and keep you.' "He swam away from my side, the >ng. vigorous sweep of his arms givig audible evidence of his earnestess of purpose and the quiet deterlination of his self-renunciation. I id not speak. I could not." "And you heard no more?" asked lolton. "And I heard no more. Not a cry rom those lips of truth and kindness: ot a stroke from those vigorous rms, after the time they swam out of ly hearing." ' And you saw nothing of him in the mining?" lie asked. "Nothing." "Nor of the wreck?" "No." "Well, I think you never will." "I fear it." "And your private secretary stood is test nobly." "Grandly; peifeetly." "He was a noble man." "Was? Oh. my G?>d. ean it be? : i'as? I fear you are right. And the orld can ill afford to spare sueh men s he." "You are right. Hut what of his *ouble? Yon spoke of a shadow on is life; what was It?" "He was accused of a terrible mime." "Yes." "And arraigned and tried for it." "I see. And condemned. I suppose?" "No, he was acquitted?by the jury, he world pronounced him guilty, and lade him an outcast." "And you. his friend, still trustee! im. and took him into your service, nd cared for him, ami made a fair >st of his character, full of faith as . ' * . ^ -<> . ' . -tv.. i ftr "HtJmSBfrnff I * i OCIATE REFORMED CHUF I ^ND PARSONAGE. > what the result would be?" "No, I had never seen nor heard of iin until after his trial." "ItuI your goodness of heart went 111 t<i\f!ii-,l him in his trouble. I Slip use the one who had been most inLi1omental in bringing him to trial d lowed and peisecuted him to the HI extent of ids powers?" "Xo; on the contrary, lie gave him letter of recommendation. I should ever have hired him if it had not been >r that. The man who brought him > trial was his second best friend in II the world, if 1?who gave him home nd employment?may modestly call l.vself his best one." "And what was his crime?" "Well, there was a woman?" "Yes," said Mr. Holton. dryly: "there i sually is." "And he was accused of?" Mr. Holton shrugged his shoulders. "I d< n't think we need waste our ime over that." he said: "it is one ariety of the same old story as has een acted out. over and over again, ver since God put men and women pon earth and dared trust them with ne another and one another's happiess." "Not unite, Mr." I'.olton; he had nevr known her." "Are you sure?" "Positive. He had not even seen her. And she was killed, and " "Killed? Murdered?" "Exactly." "And he was tried for it?" "He was." "Mr. Jahnway, if your story is true, he never, never did it." "My story is true, and you are right; he never did it. But it wrecked his happiness, and has cost him his life!" Picked up at sea! Saved from a terrible fate! Seen when the chance was slightest?when a difference of a single mile would have turned the scale against you. perhaps for ever? when a less painstaking man on the lookout, or a man with less acute eyes, would have passed your signal by. thinking it the foamy crest of a wave, or the glint of the sunshine-on the white slant of some sea bird's wing ?saved, when a less vigorous constitution might have left your eager rescuers nothing to find but an unavailing ?le-n;il Una tine above the deed. Saved, Jasper Jahnway; arc you K.'t ved ? Shall you thank fJod fnp what lie lias done for you, or is it better to pray that He will do more wonderfully yet? Saved! There is that coming into your life which may make it a charity to write no harsher word against it than lost. He prudent; be watchful; be vigilant. It would be so terrible, O man who has braved the horrors of shipwreck not once only?nor twice?nor thrice?to have to sit down in the darkness some night, with a lost soul, despairingly regretting that you were picked up at sea. To be Continued. CH. ago l<> acco|?t a call to Winnsboro. Ho is succeeded by Rev. W. H. Stevenson, just graduated from the Erskine Theological seminary and who accepted a call put in his hands at the meeting of presbytery in Yorkville last Tuesday. The first elders of Neely's Creek were Alexander Harberson, Samuel Lusk and Thomas Spencer. They were sue ceeded by Thomas Wylie, John Camphell, William Campbell and Jackson Spencer. In 1847 ruling elders have been inducted into office as follows: In 1S47. Thos. Boyd, John Roddey, William Wylie. Samuel Wylie. In 1849, A. Templeton Black, David Roddey, Jonathan Mcl'adden. In 1857, Matthew S. Lynn. In 1X61, David C. Roddey. In 1868, I). T. IjOsslie, John T. Boyd. In 1874, J. It. Patton, W. W. White and A." J. Walker. The elders' bench at this time consists of W. W. White, A. J. Walker, T. M. Allen. (I. A. Oettys, W. S. Lesslie, W. S. Boyd, I). P. Lesslie, D. P. I>esslie, J. W. Simpson, T. B. Patton. The deasons are: J. S. Classcock, J. T. Spenrer, J. Wylie Roddey, J. R. Oettys, T. K. Lesslie. N. B. Williams, W. H. Spencer. B. B. Patton, The new building cost something over $7,000. It is complete in all of its appointments, has stained glass windows, handsome hardwood pews, rich carpeting, necessary desks, book cases and tables, session rooms, Sunday school room, vestibules, etc. There is a beautiful and costly chandelier, a spacious choir loft, and in fact all the conveniences that are supposed to belong to a modern city church. Sharpshooters of the Revolution. As soon as a pioneer boy was big enough to level a ritle be was given powder and ball to shoot squirrels. After a little practice he was required to bring in as many squirrels as he had received charges under penalty of a severe lecture or even of having his jacket "tanned." At the age of twelve the boy became a fort soldier, with loophole assigned him from which to tight when the settlers rallied against an Indian foray. Growing older, he became a hunter of deer, elk. buffalo and bear, skilled in trailing and in utilizing cover, capable of enduring long marches through trackless mountain forests. At night he was content to curl up in a single blanket beside a small fire and sleep under the roof of heaven. If it rained, in a few minutes he built him a lodge of bark or boughs with no implement but his one pound tomahawk. Incessant war with the lull ians taught him to be his own general, to be ever on the alert, to keep his head and shoot straight under tire. Pitted against an enemy who gave no quarter, but tortured the living and scalped the dead, he became himself a stanch tighter who never surrendered. The wilderness bred men of iron. PICKING THE PRESIDENT. How the Two Great Parties Select Their Nominees. A LESSON IN NATIONAL POLITICS. Party Government and How It Works to Make the Big Men Kill Each Other Off For the Benefit of Men of Lea* Capacity. The constitution of the United States provides that any person, to be eligible for the office of president, shall have the following qualifications: He must be a citizen born, and not a naturalized citizen. He must be at least thirty-five years of age. He must have resided In the United States during fourteen years prior to the day of Inauguration as president. Technically and In theory, women are eligible to the presidency. Judge Bradley, of the New York court of appeals, in the case of Wainwright versus Low, wrote a decision in 1890, containing this declaration: "An alien woman, by marriage to a citizen, becomes herself a citizen." This is a recognition 01 woman s citizenship by the state of New York. In political practice her eligibility to the presidency is very remote, but not inconceivable. Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood, a woman lawyer, born at Royalton, New York, In 1830, was nominated by the Equal Rights party in 1884 and 1888 for president. She was not an appreciable factor In either contest, for she received only a handful of votes. The best definition of a "citizen" In American jurisprudence is found in the fourteenth amendment to the "onslitution, which declares: "All crsons horn or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the 'tirisdh tion thereof, are citizens of tin* i'nited States and of the state wherein they reside." A citizen is not necessarily a voter. \ man might be elected president and serve, though he might never have had tlie right to vote. Each state makes its own franchise qualifl aliens. A man who kept on moving rrom state to state might never attain a "voting residence," though always eligible to the presidency. In our public schools the teacher truthfully says to the small boy: "You can become president." At mmc time in the life of every normal * merican-horn boy and man the desire to be president takes possession of him, and with it the definite hope that he will some day sit in the chair at Washington. What are the chances of the young American? The census of 1900 counted thlrtyntnp million males in the United States. Of these, approximately six million were foreign born and could not be considered for the presidency. Of the remainder, eleven million had reached the age of thlrty-flve years and were actually eligible. There were nine million males between the ages of twenty-one and thlrty-flve years who were prospectively eligible, and thirteen million under twentyone years who were remotely eligible. The number ineligible by reason of residence out of the country for fourteen years was comparatively insignificant. For those who estimate chances by what is colloquially called the "form system." the following table of states that have produced presidents and vice-presidents is of value: Presidents. Virginia 1 Ohio 5 New York 3 North Carolina 3 Massachusetts 2 New Jersey 1 New Hampshire 1 Pennsylvania 1 Kentucky 1 Vermont 1 Vice-Presidents. N'mv Ynrk 4 Kentucky 3 New Jersey 2 Ohio 2 Massachusetts .: I South Carolina 1 North Carolina 1 New Hampshire 1 Vermont 1 Maine 1 Pennsylvania 1 When elected, eighteen of the presidents were practising lawyers; two were statesmen: two soldiers; two planters or farmers; and one, Theodore Roosevelt, was a public offlelnl. Of these, four had been teachers in early life; two tailors (Fillmore and Johnson), and one a farm-hand (Abraham Lincoln). Washington, Jackson. Van Ruren, Taylor. Fillmore, Lincoln. Cleveland, and McKjnley received only common school educations; the rest were all college graduates, having received their degrees from the following institutions: William and Mary college, 3; Harvard, 2; Princeton, 1; Williams, 1; University of North Carolina. 1; Bowdoin, 1: Dickinson, 1; West Point, 1; Union, 1: Miami University, 1; Hampden-Sydney, 1: Kenyon College, 1. Buchanan was the only president who never married. Champ Clark, of Missouri, one of the Democratic leaders of the nation, said in a published Interview recently: "There are one thousand men in the United States who would make good presidents. I could name a couple of dozen in the house; and although I am not so well acquainted in the senate. I might pick out a few there." T*.?,1/vh aiih no uiHtfam a u HavoI. oped up to the present time, no man can be elected president until he has been nominated. T<> be nominated for president, a man must, as a ru<e. be a member of one of the great political parties, and such membership must be known to the majority of the voters of that party. There have heen exceptions to this rule. General Grant was not a Republican when he was nominated by the Republicans In 1868. It is even said by competent historians that he never voted the Republican ticket until after he had been eight years president. It is well known that the Democrats wished to make him their candidate in 1868. Admiral Dewey was seriously considered by many leaders of the Democratic party In 1000 for the nomina tion, though he had never been openly Identified with any party, and few knew whether he had. voted the Republican or Democratic ticket. The first regular national convention to nominate a candidate for the I presidency was held at Baltimore, In 1831. Prior to that year the candidates were nominated in several ways. The following are summaries of presidential nominations and elections prior to 1831. The candidates who were eiecieu presiueni are inaicaieu by a star: 1789 arid 1793?"George Washington, chosen by common consent; no nominations. 1796? John Adams, Federalist candidate, nominated by informal caucus of congressmen. Thomas Jefferson. Democratic-Republican candidate, also nominated by caucus of congressmen. 1800?John Adams, Federalist, renominated by congressional caucus. Charles E. Plnckney, also Federalist, named with the understanding he should be candidate for vice-president. Democratic-Republicans shortened the name to "Republican," and nominated- Thomas Jefferson by congressional caucus. Republicans also ' _ named Aaron Burr. Jefferson and Burr each received seventy-three electoral votes, Adams sixty-five, and Plnckney sixty-four. The contest had to be decided by the house of representatives. As a result Jefferson was victorious. Burr, who was second, became vice-president. 1804?Charles C. Plnckney, Feder-> allst, was nominated by congressional caucus. Thomas Jefferson, renominated by Republican congressmen. 1808?Charles C. Plnckney. Federalist, nominated by congressmen. James Madison. Republican, noml nated by congressional caucus. 1812?George Clinton. Federalist, nominated at New York by caucus of seventy delegates from eleven states. James Madison, renominated by caucus of Republican congressmen. 1816?Unfits King. Federalist, nominated by congressional caucus. James Monroe, Republican, nominated by congressional caucus. 1820?No formal nominations. The period Is called in our history .the "era of good feeling." Of the two hundred and thirty-five electoral votes. President Monroe received all but one. which was cast for John Quincy Adams. 1824?Political parties had all gone to pieces and there was no regular party nomination. A few congressmen got together In caucus and nominated William H. Crawford. In various ways, through state legislatures, mass-meetings, and Informal conferences, Henry Clay. John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson were named and voted for. The campaign was a personal contest among four candidates. The result In electoral votes was: Jackson, 99. Adams, 84; Crawford, 41; Clay. 37. No candidate having a majority, the contest was referred to the house of representatives at Washington, and John Quincy Adams won. 1828?The Jacksonian Republicans adopted the party name "Democrat," and by state legislature and common consent nominated 'Andrew Jackson. The John Quincy Adams administration party called itself "National Republican," and, by resolutions of a lAmlnlntiiMna O ?/1 rv* o CO rv? AOtl II tTXJ Slttltr iCKimaiuicn anu uia.^-mvcv. renominated President Adams. Henry Clay and James G. Blaine believed that the presidency could be won only through luck, chance, fate, and providence. Clay was beaten for the nomination in 1839, and the nominee, William Henry Harrison, was elected. Clay won the nomination in 1844, but was beaten at the election. Again in 1848, he was beaten for the nomination, and the nominee, Zachary Taylor, was elected. Blaine was the leading candidate for the Republican nomination in 1876. His friends were sure that he would be nominated. He got two hundred and elghiy-flve votes on the first ballot; Rutherford B. Hayes got sixty-one votes. For seven ballots the seventh ballot he got three hundred and fifty one votes?only twenty-eight short of the nomination. But Hayes received three hundred and eighty-four votes on the seventh ballot, five more than the necessary majority, and was declared the nominee and afterward elected. In 1880 Blaine was beaten for the nomination by Garfield, and Garfield won the election. In 1884 Blaine easily won the nomination, but was beaten by Grover Cleveland. After the Cincinnati convention of 1876 Blaine said: "I am the Henry ' Clay of the Republican party. I can never be president!" He was a fatalist. For twenty year$ Daniel Webster sought the nomination and failed. The legislature of Massachusetts presented his name In 1836. That was the beginning and end of his first "boom." He had "booms" in 1840, 1844, 1848, and the final one in 1852. He could have been. nominated for vice-president in 1848. He refused. He was too proud to take second place. Had he accepted the nomination for vicepresident, he would, in all probability, have become president, for President Taylor died fifteen months after inauguration. Rannhlinfinc /^nll tho rmtlnnill COI1 ventlon of 1880 the "greatest" In the history of the party. They mean It was the most dramatic. Ex-President Grant, who had served from 1869 to 1877, was again a candidate in 1880. The leader of his supporters was Senator Roscoe Conkling. of New York. On the first ballot Grant received 304 votes; James G. Blaine, 284; John Sherman. 93; Elihu B. Washburne, 31; George F. Edmunds, 34; William Windom, 10. James A. Garfield did not receive a vote. Garfield's Dramatic Victory. Garfield was at the head of the Ohio delegation, which was instructed for Sherman. He made the speech nominating Sherman. For twentyeight ballots the friends of each of the six candidates grimly voted as on the first ballot with slight changes. On the thirty-fifth ballot Garfield re celved fifty votes. The Blaine and Sherman strength had begun to break. On the thirty-sixth ballot Garfield received 399; Grant. 306: Blaine, 42. The nominee required only 378 votes. (Continued on Fourth Page.)