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- ) * / ' ' i i \ . '' gg^ffbgb?g???!??^ i?^ ' sabtl^w'melton, }proprietoi-s. An Independent Journal: For the Promotion of the Political. Social, Agricutural and Commercial Interests of the South. jlewism.grist,pubimer. VOL- 1- YORKVILLB, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER SO, 1855. JSTO. 50. Cljoicc |3octn). BILLY DALE?A PARODY. 'Twas a clear coM night When the stars shone bright, And the snow covered hill and vale, When two or three young lads Who were out on a spree. Went to see old Billy Dale. Old Billy, queer Billy, droll Billy Dale ; Now the white hairs blossom On the time honored head Of the queer old Billy Dale! They frolicked and danced, As the night advanced, Till mrivn m<iilo tlin rlnvt nicrlit nnlo Still light in the middle Of the room, with the fiddle, Sat the jolly old Billy Dale, Old Billy, &c. Old Billy could sing Like a bird in the Spring, Or could tella first-rate talc ; And if anything went wrong, It would not be long, 'Till turned right by old Billy Dale, Old Billy, &c. Xow the heart of Billy Hat, never grown chilly, Tho' his voice is beginning to fail: And if you want a song, You need not wait long. If you call on old Dillv Dale, Old Billy, Sc. May his snow-white head Ne'er rest with the dead ; But should this prayer ever fail, May the angels above, In ecstacy of love, Shout "here comes Billy Dale." Old Billy, queer Billy, droll Billy Dale : Xow the white hairs blossom On the.time honored head. Of the queer old Billy Dale ! %\\ interesting Jlton).! DEAF SMITH, j THE CELEBRATED TEXAN* SPY. About two yeilrs after the revolution, a difficulty occurred between the new government and a portion of the people, which threatened the most serious consequences?even the blood- j shed and horrors of civil war. Briefly the j case was this: The constitution had fixed the city of Aus- j tin the permanent capital where the public j archives were to be kept, with a reservation, however, of a power in the President to order ! their temporary removal in case of danger from ! the inroads of a foreign cmeny, or the force of ; a suddeu insurrection. Conceiving that the exceptional emergency had arrived, as the Camanches frequently committed ravages within sight of the capital itself, Houston, who then resided at Washington, on | the Brazos, dispatched an order commanding his subordinate functionaries to send the State records to the latter place, which he declared j to be, pro tempore, the seat of Government. It is impossible to describe jhe stormy ex- : citement which the promulgation of that jiut ! raised in Austin. The keepers of hotels, j * v * ?Ll ? I 1 i Doaraing-nouses, groceries, anu iaro-uuii&s, were thunderstruck, maddened to phrensy; for the measure would be a death-blow to their business; and accordingly they determined at once to take the step to advert the danger by opposing the execution of Houston's mandate. They called a mass meeting of the citizens and farmers of the circumjacent couutry, who were all more or less interested in the!question; and after many fiery speeches against the asserted tyranny of the administration, It was unanimously resolved to prevent the removal of the archives by open and armed resistance. To that end they organized a company of four hundred men, one moiety of whom, relieving the other at regular periods of duty, should keep constant guard around the state-house 1 until the peril passed by. The commander of this force was one Colonel Morton, who had achieved considerable renown in the war of independence, and had still more recently displayed desperate bravery in two desperate duels, in both of which he had cut his antagonist nearly to pieces with a bowic-kuife. Indeed, from the notoriety of his character for revenge, as well as well as courage, it was thought that President Houston would renounce his purpose touching the archives, as soon as he should learn who was the leader of the opposition. Morton, on his part, whose vanity equalled his personal prowess, encouraged and justified the prevailing opinion by his boastful threats. He swore that if the President did succeed in removing the records by the march of an overpowering force, he would then Ijiunt him down like a wolf, and shoot him downi without ceremony, or stab him in his bed, or waylay him in his walks of recreation. He even wrote the hero of San Jacinto to that effect The latter replied in a note of laconic brevityf ? i- - jJ -.1 J "If tbc people or Austin aq not seuu wc archives, I will certainly come and take them; and if Colonel Morton can kill me, he is welcome to my ear-cap." On the reception of this ansv er, the guard was doubled around the state-house. Chosen sentinels were stationed along t le road leading to the capital, the military paraded the streets from morning till night, and a select caucus held perraauent session in the city. In short, everything betokened a coming tempest. One day, while matters were in this precarious condition, the caucus at the < ity-hall were surprised by the sudden appearance of astran ?1 Aiitnrinrr TT!iC as PTtTflfir. ger, wuuse uiuuc ui tuivuug ? diuary as his dress. He did not knock at the closed door?he did not seek admission there at all; but climbed unseen a snial bushy-topped live oak, which grew beside the wall when he leaped, without sound or warning, through a lofty window. He was clothe< altogether with buckskin, carried a loug anc very heavy rifle in his hand, wore at the buttt n of his suspender, a large bowie-knife, and ia his leathern belt a pair of pistols, half the length of his gun. He was tall, straight as an arrow, active as a panther in his motion, with dark oomplexion, and luxuriant hair, vith a severe iron-like countenance, that seenied never to | have known a smile, and eyes of ii tense, vivid j black, wild and rolling, and pier jing as the point of a dagger. His strange a< vent inspir-1 ed a thrill of involuntary fear, and many present unconsciously grasped the handles of their side arms. 'Who are you, that thus presumes to intrude among gentlemen, without invitation?' demanded Colonel Morton, ferociously essaying to cow down the stranger with his eye. The latter returned his stare with compound interest, and laid his long, bony liDger on his lip, as a sign?but of what, the spectators could not imagine. 'Who are you? Speak! or I cut an answer out of your heart!' shouted Morton almost distracted with rage by the cool, sneering gaze of the other, who now removed his finger from his lip, and laid it on the hilt of his monstrous kuife. The fiery Colonel then drew his dagger, and was in the act of advancing upon the stranger, when several caught him and held him back remonstrating: 'Let him alone, Morton, for God's sake.? Do you not perceive that he is crazy ?' At that moment Judge Webb, a man of shrewd intellect and courteous manners, stepnnrl furwnrrl nnrl infrnrlpr in ?i t ~...? ~ most respectful manner: "My good friend, I presume you have made a mistake in the house. This is a private meeting, where none but members are admitted." The stranger did not appear to comprehend j the words, but he could not fail to understand the mild and deprecatory manner. Ilis rig- j1 ged features relaxed, and moving to a table in j the centre of the hall, where there were materials and implements for writing, he seized a ' pen and traced one line: ' ! am deaf.'' He 1 theu held it up before the spectators, as a sort of natural apology for his own want of politeness. Judge "Webb took the paper, and wrote a . <juestion : Dear sir, will you be so obliging as 1 to inform us what is your busiuess with the !: present meeting ?" |' The other responded by delivering a letter 1 inscribed on the back. <*To the citizens of ! Austin." They broke the seal and read it aloud. It was from Houston, and showed the usual terse brevity of his style : o~/V//o)c Ctit'y ns:?Though in error, and !' deceived by arts of traitors, I will give you ; Miiv.n dovc mnro to iliu-iilo wViotVior von enrrt-n. ' (lor the public archives. At the end of that * time you will please let me know your dee-is- ; ion. Sam Houston." : After the reading, the deaf man waited a ' few seconds, as if for a reply; then turned and ( was about to leave the hall; when Colonel Mor- ! ton interposed, and sternly beckoned him baek 1 to the table. The stranger obeyed and Mor- ' ton wrote: ''You were brave enough to insult ( 1 me by your tbrcateninglooks ten minutes ngo; 1 are you brave enough to give me satisfac- J tion?" ~ The stranger penned bis reply, "I am at \ your service!" !' Morton wrote again ; "Who will be your se- ' coud?" ( ' The stranger rejoined : "I am too gener- ( ous to seek an advantage, and too brave to fear 1 any on the part of others; therefore I never ' need the aid of a second." r Colonel Morton penned; "Name your terms." j'] The stranger traced without a moment's hesi- 1 tation: "Time, sunset this evening] place, j1 the left bank of the Colorado, opposite) Austin; jj weapons, rifles; and distance oneyliundredC * yards. Do not fail to be in timc^ \ < He then took three steps/acro?^4be"ffoor, , J J J.' J *1 U j/rr. ?o v,ori i i stuu uisappeitrtru iiiruugu mciniuuiin 00 I entered. \ I 6 "What!" exclaimed Judgry Webb, "is it 1 possible, Col. Morton, that you intend to fight that man ? He is a mute, if not a positive mauiac. Such a meeting, I fear, will sadly taruish the lustre of your laurels." ( "You are mistaken," replied Morton with a , smile; "that mute is a hero whose fame stands ( iu the records of a dozen battles, and at least t as many bloody duels. Besides he is the fa- ( vorite emissary and bosom friend of Houston. If I have the gocd fortune to kill him, I think j it will tempt the President to retract his vow. j "You know the man, then. Who is he ?" "Deaf Smith," answered Morton, cooly. ( "Why no ; that cannot be. Deaf Smith j was slain at San Jacinto," remarked Judge i Webb. "There again your Honor is misaken," said . Morton. "The story of Smith's death was a ] mere fiction, got up by Houston, to save his favorite from the vengeance of certain Texaus < in whose conduct he had acted as a spy. I fathomed the artifice twelve months since." "If what you say, be true, you are a mad man yourself!" exclaimed Webb. Deaf Smith . was never known to miss his mark. He has often brought down ravens in their rapid flight, j and killed Camanches and Mexicans at a distance of two hundred and fifty yards!" "Say no moro," answered Colonel Morton, , in tones of deep determination, "the thing is nlronrtv T have agreed to meet him. , "" -"J o There can be no disgrace in failliug before such a shot, and if I succeed, my triumph will , confer the greater glory." Such was the general habit of thought and feeling prevalent throughout Texas at that period. Towards evening a vast crowd assembled at the place appointed to witness the hostile meeting, and so great was the popular reeklessness as to affairs of the sort, that numerous and considerable sums were wagered on the result.? At length the red orb of the summer touched the turvid rim of the western horizon, covering it all with crimson and gold, and filling - * iL. the air with a flood of burning giory; anu iue two mortal antagonists, armed with long ponderous rifles, took their station, back to back, and at a preconcerted signal?the wavering of a handkerchief?walked slowly and steadily in opposite directions, counting their steps, until each had measured fifty. They both completed the given number about the same instant then they wheeled, each to aim and fire when they chooecd. As the distance was great, both paused for some seconds?long enough for the beholders to flash their eyes from one to another, and mark the striking difference between them. The face of Col. Morton was calm and smiling, but the smile it bore had a most mur derous meaning. On the contrary, the coun ico tenarce of Deaf Smith was stern and passionate th< as ever. A side view of his features might cm have been mistaken for a profile done in cast in iron. The one, too, was dressed in the richest "a cloth, the other in smoke-tinted leather. But ex that made no difference in Texas then; for the da heirs of heroic courage were all considered me peers?the class of inferiors embraced none but fro cowards. - sir Presently two rifles exploded with simultane- me ous roars. Colonel Mortoq gave a prodigious mi bound upwards, and dropped to the earth a St; corpse Deaf Smith stood erect, and imme- Uc diately began to reload his rifle; and then R having finished his brief task, he hastened a- , way into the adjaceut forest. & Three days afterwards, Houston, accorupani- (*, ed by Deaf Smith and ten more men, appear. ? ed in Austin, and, without further opposition, ] removed the State papers. i The history of the hero of the foregoing an- ^ , ecd'/te was one of the most extraordinary ever arr known in the West. He made his advent in vj0 Texas at an early period, and continued to re- om side there until his death, which happened j u about two years ago; but although he had many warm personal friends, no one could ever wc ascertain either the land of his birth, or a sin- j pj( gle gleam of his previous biography. When taj. he was questioned on the subject, he laid his finger on his lip. and if pressed more urgeutly, rea his brow writhed, and his dark eye seemed to shoot sparks of livid fire! He could write .-yi} with astonishing correctness and facility, con- ]. h sidcring his situation j and although denied ;1j*tl the exquisite plea.-ure and priceless advantage jj;n of the sense of hearing, nature had given am- fj pie compensation, by an eye quick and fi;r see- i,. ing as an eagls's, and a smell keen and incredi- p,t| ble as that of a raven. He could discovered)- i |>o) jcets miles away in the far-off prairie, when ; yj others could perceive nothing but earth and j l>ra sky, and the rangers used to declare that he jjjs could catch the scent of a Mexican or Indian i at as great a distance as a buzzard could distill-: j,, sruislt the odor of a dead carcass. > ,? - T . . ten it was these qualitias that lilted him so well ti n fur aspy, in which capacity he rendered inval-. 1(f Liable services t'.i Houston's army during tin i ( ^ war of independence. Healway.- went aluti", tur md generally obtained the infnrmatiou dc-ired. His habits in private life were equally r.i singular. He never could be persuaded to ! tjV( deep under the roof of a house or even t>< use I u.p i tent cloth. Wrapped in his blanket, he lov-! 1 ' nic id to lie out in the open air. under the blue j ] iauopy of pure ether, and count the -tars, or j( 1 ?azc with a yearning look at the melancholy j ((Ur moon. \Y hen not employed as a spy ?r guide, v(, he subsisted by hunting, being often absent tj10 )n solitary excursions, for weeks and even ; nU) nonth.s together in the wilderness. He was a J l>or rCDaine son of nature, a gown up child ol'tlic ( ^jJC woods and prairie, which he worshipped with ! i sort of Pagan adoration. Excluded by his ^lu nfirmitics from cordial fellowship with his vind, lie made the inanimate things of the ?arth his friends, and entered by his heart's j U(J( >wn adoption into brotherhood with the lu-! ninaries of heaven! Wherever there tvas! and or water, barren mountains or tangled J (jl(1 ." rakes of wild, waviner cane, there was i *o:tf j pr>J Smith's home, and there he was happy: but \ anj n the streets of great cities, i:i all the great | tor ;horoughfaies of men. wherever there was flat-! jn,r :ery or fawning, base eunniDg or craven fear, 1 wa, here was Deaf Smith au alien and an exile. Strange soul ! he hath departed on the long journey, away among those high bright stars ^ig which were his night lamps; and he hath either ?ec solved or ceased to ponder the deep mystery of :he magic word "life." wa, A GREAT MAN. George Lippard, in his ucw work called The Sazarine, thus speaks of President Jackson : J lie was a man ! Well I remember the day I waited upon him. He sat there in his arm ^ 3hair?I can see that old warrior face, with its mow white hair, even now. We told him of ^ the public distress?the manufacturers ruin- ^ ;d, the eagles shrouded in crape, which were ^ borne at the head of twenty thousand men into Independence square. He heard us all. ^ We begged him to leave the deposits where * they were; to uphold the great Bank in Phil- . idelphia. Still he did not say a word. At last one of our members, more fiery than the ^ rest, intimated that if the Bank were crushed, i rebellion misrht follow. Then the old man t 1 u: * Par rose. X CUU see U1U1 vet. . tine 'Come !' ho shouted in a voice of thunder, as his clutched hand was raised above his ^ white hairs?'Come with bayonets in your ^ bands instead of petitions?surround the White ^ House with your legions, I am ready for you all! With the people at my back, whom ^ .j your gold can neither buy nor awe. I will swing you cround the Capitol, each rebel of you?on a gibbet?high as Hainan's.' ^ 'When I think,' says the author, 'of that j ^ one mau standing there at Washington, battling with all the powers of Banks and Panic ^?C combined, betrayed by those in whom he trus- ^ ted, assailed by all that the snake of malice could hiss or the fiend of falsehood howl? when I think of that one man placing his back against the rock and folding his arms ^ for the blow, while he uttered his vow: 'I ^ will not swerve one inch from the course I have Cllll chosen!'?I must confess that the records of , liuc Greece and Rome?nay, the proudest days of . Cromwell or Napoleon cannot furnish an in- . i ? - ?.11 1?Ua 4-V%a4 A n/l^nnr Tonlronn Stance 01 U Hm imc mai Ui iiuuisn when he placed life and soul and fame on the ^ hazard of a die, for the people's welfare. a. Providence Sentinel. I1U pel ENGLISH SCHOOL-TEACHING. dif "Cook'B Quarto Geography," recently pub- err lished in Loudon?a work of considerable pre- ~7~! tensions?gives some valuable information to tIei "Young England" in regard to this country. It teaches that "in the isle of Orleans, at the co Mississippi, is the town of New Orleans, the his capital of Louisiana." The young men of Vir- of giuia "are gamblers, cock-fighters and horse- fel jockeys. Their passion for these diversions, lie not only inhumanly barbarous, but beneath blj the dignity of a man of sense, is so predominant ue1 that they even advertise their matches in the kn public papers." But of New Englanders, it 10 declares that: "From laziness, inattention and wil nt of acyuaintanre ?r/'4 >?unkind, many of ho' 3 people have accustwW \hcmsclves to pe- th( liar phrases, and to province certain words en; a drawling manner." 1 hj people of .Maine, Pe ccording to appearances, jre wretched in the at trcinc. Their chief provision is a dirty, pu rk-colored rye meal, aoi if they use any ed at, it is on account of printing their sheep vir m becoming more nunN'^us than they dc- wa e, rather than for the pleasure of a good coi al. Their common borage is grog, or a in; xture of rutn and whisky with water. This col ite (Massachusetts) is (* only one in the j pri lion in which there arc '?o slaves." an JlistcKiutfotuMfabtng. LIEUT. GEN. WINFIELD SCOTT. an The renowned warrir.r. whose achievements an re added so much lustre to the American ^ ns, and whoso very name is suggestive of j tory, occupies no ordinary place amonu tlie I. incut men of our couttrv. The "hero of ' * Wll ndy's Lane"?the ueior of Mexico" | " , ? i I'll 1 the (ieneral v.ho has nevtr known defeat? j 11 does Scott deserve thouiecd of honor.? j lasin-r, therefore, is the tarl; we have under- ' i 110 ;en to add one leaflet to he laurel wreath j :h which his adniirin-' coiiiMvnieu have al. ' Ml dy crowned him. ' , . ha It i> said that Sco.'t sdoecut to.'.y he traced ;n a jrentLmnn of the Lowland's of Scotd, v.ho immigrated to tIii< country shoitly . er the battle of Cullodem This person ''' . ine settled in Virginia, or. -d intheprac1 ot the law. lie, howcter. died at auearijre. leaving a son William, who became the j Iter of the subject of tfcis sketch. Near . is tersburi:, Virginia, <n the Idtli June 17S??, j. ntield Scott was horn. He received a lib-; 1 education, and having adopted the law as ^ profession, his studies were directed to that ? . WO I. ami in Hf'd he was admitted to the bar. ^ ls??7. Scott came to this State with the intioii of practising his prof.\?>ioti in Charles- rpj ; hut, in euus.-((ucuce vf tlie law re-pairimr h-iral pra< titiouers a resid* rice in the State uno year, he abandoned ids design, and re- Up nod t.i \ "irginia. Mm.tut thi- p< rii.d, tlio.-e secondary causes, ve ieh br.iu-.dir ?>r, the war of 1ST2 were in ae? operation Scott perceivd that hostilities el. li one or in <re of the oftending p-overs were jjp vital.le. Tiie spirit of tlm soldier rose with- 00, Itini .hp! .-haring in the general feeling of 0(j ignation produced hy the aggressions on ;l < commerce, and the impressment of our an tneu, lie resolved to exchange the feruni for battle-field?to forsak thomis for the ; >a, re congenial companionship of .Mars. Ac-1 jp ilintfly. n LIU. jr?roviOir?jj./ ." V ncri.-a.SC of ; army, having been passe?l \?\ Cougiess In |<; y, 1>"S, he succeeded by means of an in-1 j( uitial friend, in securing the eoomniission, tjt Captain of light artillery. J ja S*..w comtneneed his milit ary career, but not ler the mo.-t favorable auspices. Having t]j 11 sent, in 1>T)0. to join the army in Loui- t]j aa, he became involved in a ?litiiculty with eo eommandcr, Cicneral V/ilkinson. This u<; . ceded iroin some free comments which the ,,n eiit young (,'aptuin had made on the charao- VL. and conduct of that inefficient officer. liar- 0j been brought before a e??urt martial, Scott ln, suspended from the army for one year.? jj now returned to Virginia and, profiting by 0f sage counsel of a friend, determined to make ev contnnpp nf Knsnf>nsion rprsnnnllv nrlranta- _ii uv""v"-" w- r ~ r j *? un >us, by devoting himself to the study of milry art and science. "When, therefore, he w] 'allowed to rejoin the array, he was enabled j f0, do so with undiminished zeal, and a more j pa imato acquaintance with the duties of his i pC dession. [ ar S'ext ensued the war of 1*12, in which ' ,jc >tt bore so conspicuous a part. Having boon viously promoted to the rank of Lieutenant ,]0 lonel, he first distinguished himself at the p;v tie of Quccnstown Heights, in which, aliugh finally forced to suircndcr, his conduct 3 very higlily commended. It was on this i oc asiou that Scott fought in full dress uni-! he in, aud, being urged to change his dress, : ca dc the well known reply: " Xo, I will (Jit my robes !" ' qe After this affair he remained a prisoner of pa r until January 1813, when having been ex- j ca tnged, lie hastened to the field of war, pre- j hj, ed to engage thereon with renewed spirit' ap 1 vigor. Soon after he figured most cou- as cuously at the capture of Fort George, where c|0 pulled down the enemy's flag with his own | t0 ids, and completed the victory by a hot and 1 W( ing pursuit of the retreating foe. j m( L5ut it is not our purpose to euter into a de- J thi ed recital of his services. They arc famil-1 v0 to the American reader. Suffice it to say ' ce t having been made Brigadier General in 1 re< xch, 1814 Scott won additional honors at j 0f ndy's Lane and Chippewa, and finally emer- I 1 from the "dust and blood" of the "second ut, rof independence" as its most distinguish- sa] hero. He was not only promoted to the er> h rank of Major General, but was honored h "the recorded approbation, of his coun- Wi) "?that which he himself regards the tin ighest reward that a freeman can receive." cr [u 1841, by the death of Macomb, Scoctbe- na" ue commander-in-chief of the army. lie ica 1, however, up to this period been engaged str many difficult and implant services. He au 1 brought several Indian wars to a success- Jc lio.l onnflnrtfid wilb wlcrlnm n rb>li. i : c mission to this State luring the period of j cn lliheation?had employed his pen in matters ; an tabling to his professiai?had adjusted the ficultiesbetweeu Maineand the British Gov- in. iment respecting the n<rth-eastern boundary | d, md had generally exhibited the high quali- as 5 of the civilian as wel as soldier. COi It was, however, in ou? late war with Mexi- St that Scott completed the full measures of a s i fame. We need not titer into an account wo his achievements in that country. Our own cu low-citizens?the members of the Palmetto co giment?participated therein most honora- ge r, and Carolinians, at least, can receive no co sv information on tho subject. It is well th own how landing in Uexico at the head of ru ,000 men, he took tie city of Vera Cruz wt th the strong fortress ?f San Juan de Ulloa; w carrying the heights and sweeping through the ? pass of Cerro Gordo, ho bore th6 American rev rle successively through the streets of Jalapa, ed rote and Puebla ; how defeating the enemy pui Churubusco, Contreras, San Antonio, Cha- En Itepec, and Molinodellley, he finally enter- int in triumph the City of Mexico, and was 'It tually the conqueror of the country. Thus is i s ended that celebrated campaign which int inmandcd the admiration of the highest liv- anc ; military authority of Europe, and the re- is h [lection of which tills American bosoms with wit ide and exultation. It was a campaign rapid mo d complete. It established on higher grounds it!1 an ever the reputation of our soldiery ; and the attended by a single blunder or omission, ma will stand a lasting evidence of the genius of ly i ai who planned it. wh On the declaration of peace between Mexico col d tho I'nited States, Scott returned home, ere d was received with becoming honors. He pre s afterwards the regularly appointed nominee wo; the Whig party for the Presidency; but tur ing defeated by the Democratic candidate, wh consideration of his services in the Mexican phi r, he has recently been invested with the litt lk of Lieutenant < J encral. of Seott is certainly the most scientific fi encral "a it our country has ever produced. Nor is the deficient in any of the requisite.! of the j con le commander. Hold, energetic, prompt, "tl d skillful, he is both /ml and sure. No lip: If-way measures receive his adoption, but he "ri . ins always to engage in battle prepared for "I cry emergency, and with well considered "c: ins. Self-confident and self-reliant, he not j bra frequently count* upon victory before it is t^el m. and couliy provides for the pursuit. ma. Physically, Scott is a tine specimen of the j 1 dicr?tall and erect, his personal appearance j a p commanding, and his bearing soldiery. In rea position, he is magnanimous, though irnpet- '?y us. Of his vanity much has been said, and j tha may or may not be inordinately vain. It : has re, however, well, if all liable to such a Afi arge could point to deeds like his. of ? MM* bcli EE PRESENT TRANSLATION OF 1 pei THE BIBLE. \u 'J The E'linburyh Ii? rinr, in a recent article j tak on this-ubjcct, gives the following facts:? | or The Pivisions of the Bible into chapter and ^pc rse, which have no existence in the original, wh vc been made without any authority whatev- mc They were introduced for the purpose of Bii icratiiigthe theological student from the ne- tha s.-ity of attaining a deep and accurate knowl- onl go of the Scriptures, by placing in his hands 'me Concordance which they have been notched Cor <1 scored to tally with, and by which ho may | dei readily assisted to the discovery of any pas- l tvo io lie may chance to want. About the mid-! cej 3 of the thirteenth century, Cardinal Hugo vvo Santo Caro projected a Concordance to the , th< itln Vulgate, and divided the Old and Xew am istamcnt into chapters. Rabbi Xathan, in tio e liftccnth century, in preparing a C'oncornee of the Hebrew Scriptures, subdivided 0f e chapters into verses. Robert Stephens, in f, ) e sixteenth century, passed simultaneously j rough the press a Xew Testament and a Con- ; bci rtlancc : and, so at least his son Henry t?blls 1 au] . while travelling on horseback between By- ov< s and Paris, lie cut the Xew Testament into rscs for the sake of adapting it to his Conrdance. This, we believe, is, in brief, the jst approved account of the origin of those boi visions and subdivisions by which our editions lin the Bible are disfigured. Xo other book rot er suffered such irreverent treatment. In all j pei her compositions the paragraph ends where ! is e sense pauses ; in the Sacred Scriptures, off latever the sense may be, every third or ale urth line brings the reader to the end of the or ragraph. They are the only works we hap- rot fii hr* finemoinfnrl tttI + U rri ? w KI\+ u\.vjuuiiitv.u >TUU ill Wlillll LUC CU11CCL ?? * rangemcnt of the author's text has been ren- ev< red subordinate to the facility of reference, pa nd we are quite .sure that they alone are en- nic wed with a sufficient force of vitality to out- up 'e so cruel a process of mutilation. da The practice of breaking the text of Scrip- lec re iuto verses, would, under any circumstan- pri s, prove most injurious to the right appre- gii nsiun of its meaning. It is the .immediate rig use of much misconception. -"'Passages of art oly Writ, thus insulated, receive a kind ofin- th< pendent character. The sense of each little de> ragraph seems drawn to a point; and the of reless or unlettered reader is apt to confine saf s attention to the few words thus placed in an gal horistic form before him, and toaccept them du a distinct enunciation of some religious cai gma ; whereas, if they had bceu presented tht his eye in connection with their context, he mid at once have received them in their right pel ianiug, and been spared the error into which of c present deceptive mode of prirting the fen lume has betrayed him. We cannot con- am ive any case in which evil would not have un> suited from the introduction of our divisions doi chapter and verse. With whatever care a r e Sacred Text had been cut into such min- the e sections, those minute sections must neces- the rily have had a tendency to mislead the read- ent But they have not been carefully made, the ie only end contemplated in making them, to < is to fit the Bible to the Concordance. And the at it might be effectually accomplished, ev- No ) other consideration?the progress of the sen rrative, the beauty of the poetry, the theolog- ert; d argument, and even the grammatical con- stoi uction of the sentences?have been continu- ' y disregarded. We need not enlarge on the ticc triment which the eloquence, the pathos, the anc ii,? . prucaiuu, cue veiy lutuuigiuinty ui iuc k^ajd "Writings have incurred from this reckless at I d fractional mode of subdivision. tioi What would be the effect on the understand- the y of the student, if a metaphysical essay of of ljjald Stewart were set before him in a form anc lacerated and severed as that in which he is a lc odeinned to read the Theological Essays of wit . Paul ? Would he not find himself lost in go^ sort of labyrinth of words, amid which he rial is unable, on account of the continually re- 'loo rring breaks in the sentences, to trace the wh nnection of the argument ? A very intelli- for nt friend of ours declares, that he never the uld comprehend the drift of the Epistle to sto e Romans, till he read it without the inter- fee ptions of chapter and verse, in Shuttle- is i >rth's translation. to What was the opinion of Selden, a highau- sec irity on sncli a subject, at the time of its last ision? "There is no book/' says thatlearnman, " so translated as the Bible foij the rpose. If I translate a French book into glish, I turn it into English phrase and not o French-English. lll fait fro id,' I say, is cold;' not <It makes cold:' but the Bible ather translated into English words than 0 English phrase. The Hebraisms are kept, 1 the phrase of that language is kept; which veil enough so long as scholars have to do h it; but when it comes among the comn people, "Lord, what gear dotbey make of " Most extraordinary, indeed, is the gear y make of it! And none but those who y have had the curiosity to turn occasionalinto some of our country conventicles, in ich the neighboring tailor, or journeyman >bler, officiates as the expositor of the Sad Text, can imagine the miserable misap hensions to which this peculiar, literal, rd for word mode of i dering the Scripeshas given rise. It r. iy. perhaps, ^ worth ile to cite a few instances of the Hebrew rases to which Seidell alluded, and wincn as rally translated, bewilder the understanding the reader:?"A covenant of salt," means friendly contract;" " they are crushed in i gate," means "they are found guilty in a irtof justice;" "branch and rush," means lehighest and lowest;" "the calves of our 3," means "the words of our mouths;" sing early," means "acting with alacrity;" have giveu you cleanness of teeth," means ctrcme scarcity." Such are'thesort of Heisms which have been retained?and, as don says, "What gear do the common people ke of them!" rhe preposition of, to the confusion of many assage, and the bewilderment of many a dor is or.ntinnallv used assvnonvmous with ; a sense which it has now so entirely lost, t Gilford, in his edition of "Massinger," . thought it necessary to give a note upon it. ter no longer means according to, as it did old, but is exclusively confined to the sense ind, whether referring to time, or place, or son. In the Sermon on the Mount, we find, .""ake no thought for the morrow." " To e thought" formerly implied "to be anxious distressed." The phrase is soused by Shakare in Julius Caesar. And in the age in ich our translation was made, it very cortly expressed the sense of the original text, t at present, in consequence of the changes it have occurred in our language, it has not v ceased to convey our Savior's precept, but ulcates a carelessness of life, which is inupatible with the Christian grace of Pruice. In the cases mentioned above, the rds still remain with us, though their aeration has been altered; but there are many rds retaining their place in our version of ; Scriptures which are no longer current ioug the people, and of which the significari is only known to the literary antiquarian. >w many of us are there who have any notion what is meant by "ourhes," "taches," "ha geon," "brigandinr," "knopa," "nccsings," ii'jdrrs," "icimj)lc<," "tabringor a numr of other obsolete terms, which nobody, ong the ordinary class of English readers, is ar likely to meet with? AN EXCELLENT LAW. In Germany "Every rail road company is ?i i? i? i- i a v.i? i i. ii, uuu uv iavt iu nave a uuuuie uncn. uu iueu es, and no person is allowed to walk on a rail id track at any time, by day or night, under nalty of the law. A barrier of strong planks placed along the side of the tracks, to keep animals. Every fifteen or twenty miles ing the track there is a station for a guard watchman, who livesin alittle hut beside the id, and whose business it is to be at his post, th a red flag in his hand, at the approach of ery train ; and before the train is due, to trol his beat to see that all is safe, and to re>ve all obstacles which are sometimes placed on the track by miscreants. In the case of nger, the guard hoists on a telegraph, socal1, which stand near each guard house, a red inted 'casket, which can be seen by the enleer a great distance, but if everything is :ht, the two wooden arms of the telegraph i stretched in the air. During the night jre is instead of the casket, a lantern with a ep red light placed in the air as a warning danger ; and a common one if all is in a 'e condition. At every crossing there is a te, which is locked up as soon as the train is e, and any one, either on horseback or in a riage, who desires to cross, must wait until ) train has passed." In England the R. R. Companies are cornled to fence in their roads, and in portions our own country at the North, the roads are ced. This arrangement, we look upon, as excellent one ana wortny or oeing aaoptea iversally. In fact it is nothing more than ng justice to the community through which oad passes and throwing a protection around ; interests of the Company itself for fencing i roads. Those interested in the rail road erprises of our country?the Stockholders, Legislature and the Bench are all inclined establish the principle in accordance with English decision upon the subject and some rthern decisions, that the people are trespass, by their slaves and stock, upon the propy of the Company whenever their slaves.and ck are killed upon their roads, rhe English decisions are based upon jus5 and equity, because their roads are fenced I of course when stock is killed upon them y are there, as trespassers. The railroads ;he North, many of them are in like situai and of course like decisions, as regard m, are just and proper, but by what system justice our railroad companies can expect 1 our judges give such decisions, we are at isstofind. They are manifestly at variance h the law by which the people at large are rerned, to say nothing of their being at vaace with our former decision, which have ked upon railroads as public highways upon ich in the very nature of things impossible one to commit a trespass by going upon > ma T>? il* a /iAmmn/\n 1 m ?w r\ ? ilt a m i? :lll. uj tuc vvlllluuli lavr ui iuc uuuuiirjf ck is not committing a trespass when it ds upon a man's aoinclosel land , how then it committing a trespass when it happens feed upon the Railroad Companies uninclol land ? Why this invidious distinction in | favor of Railroad Companies I Are individual rights, or rather, should not individual rights be as sacred ? The great highways of the country are open to to all?no one can commit a trespass upon them by going upon them. If then a Company chooses to obtain a charter and to lay out and construct a great highway and invite persons to travel thereon by what rule can they afterwards look upon persons as trespassers for accepting their invitation to use their road as a public highway ? We now allude to those instances in which persons are simply in the act of apcepting the invitation held out'by the Company?i. e. in going to and departing from the railroad stations on business connected with the Company or in travelling upon their road. Can a man be a trespasser where he is by invitation ? When it is considered that a railroad Company runs its road through a community without let or leave of the people, for its own advantage and pecuniary interest that it holds out an iu"1 *L- ??* fn i I"1 P/ll nn. V1C3U0D CO [U(i (JUin Ul u ij i lj at migt iu muivi oti it and to do business with it; aud that the road is unfenced and therefore unprotected, as individual property must be, in order to sustain an action of trespass from stock, we cau not comprehend by what rule of justice or equity | persons traveling upon the road or in the act of doing business with the road, or stock upon the road can be looked upon in the light of trespassers. Let the Company fence their road? i thus putting themselves in a position in which I the law which governs the people at large, will reach and cover them, and then and not till j then will stock be committing a trespass by going upon their road. In no case it seems to us, can a man be deemed a trespasser upon the company when he is within the invitation extended to him and to all by the company themselves. But there are many advantages which should induce these companies to fence their roads apart, from any such considerations. The comparative safety with which they may run their *? 1._ cars with increased speed is no small consideration in itself. The exemption from delays?from the waste and injury of accidents caused by leaving their track exposed, and above all, the freedom from the malice of those who may feel themselves injured in having their stock and their range destroyed by the road, without any or sufficient compensation, and who may be induced thereby to seek retaliation and revenge. History and facts show that experience has embraced it as the best, the wisest, and the safest policy, and wisdom would dictate its universal adoption.?Sumter Watchman. A NOBLE ANSWER. When Louis Napoleon, before he had violated his oath of fidelity to the French republic, reviewed the troops encamped at Sartory, Horace Yernet, the great military painter of France, was commissioned to paint the scene, and did so, introducing General Lomorieiere, Cavaignac and other distinguished republican generals who were on the field. After he had overthrown the republic, Master Louis sent for Yernet, one day, and pointing to the portraits of the noble republicans, said in the most peremptory mannner,?'Remove these viSTMiVili/iona rnmAT?O fliucii v* V*J vk l>U\^ UVVIV A A tVUlVT W IUV.CV men.' 'Sir,' replied the noble artist, 'I am a painter of history, and I cannot do it!' Of course, after this bold speech, Vernet fell into disgrace but he was too great a man to be sent to Cayenne, or driven into exile, and after a lapse of time, the emperor sent for hiiu, and treated him with the respect his greatness of soul deserved. 'Flaneur/ the brilliant correspondent of the Boston Post relates the above anecdote and also the following:?'One morning, in crossing Ru-deUa Dauphine, driving a spirited horse in a tilbury, Vernet ran against a cart laden with stones, and broke the shaft of his vehicle. A sign painter, engaged close by ia painting some sausages on a butcher's shop, recognised the renowned artist, rushed to aid in mending the shaft- The master of the tilbury slipped a piece of gold into the painter's hand. 'What! Vernet from a brother artist V said the man reproachfully. 'Pardon. How then can I show my gratitude ?? 'Give me a stroke of your pencil?I.shall be too well paid,' said the man of signs, pointing to the ladder and scaffold. 'Willingly/ observed Horace, and scrambling up the ladder, he soon finished the most temping string in the world, and to this day, as during the last fifty years, they are said to attract all passers by."?Ballciu's Pictorial. Preserving Butter.?The farmers of Aberdeen, Scotland, are said to practise the following method of curing their butter, which gives it a great superiority over mat 01 tneir neighbors: Take two quarts of the best common salt, one ounce of sugar, and one ounce of common saltpetre; take one ounce of this composition to one pound of butter, work it well into the mass, and close it up for use.? The butter cured with this mixture appears of a morrowy consistency, and fine color, and never acquires a brittle hardness or tastes salty. Dr. Anderson says: <1 have eaten butter cured with the above composition, that has been kept for three years, and it was as sweet as at first. It must be noted, however, that butter thus cured required to stand three weeks or a month before it is used. If it is sooner opened, the salts are not sufficiently blended with it, and sometimes the coldness nf fho nifrp will hp nprpoivprl whioh ?/\???11tt ? "? ? r? ? ; ? wwj disappears afterwards. What is Marriage.?It is a Mutual Life Insurance Society, for nothing tends to abbreviate existence so much as unble.wed singleness. It is a Temperance Society, for it tends to keep men sober. It is an Employment Society, for it makes all hands industrious.? It is a Saying's Bank, for it makes men thrifty. It is one of "Twenty ways to make a fortune." It is a specific for many illi, far I superior to Indian Vegetable Preparations.? I In fact, marriage is an intense happiness promoting institution, which we fear inppidly going out of fashion. 19" Ladies are like watches?pretty enough to look at, sweet faces, and delioate hands, but somewhat difficult to ungulate," uhen onoe set ?agoing." i