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VOL.- 1] WINNSBOIR O S. C., WEDNE SDAY MORNING, SE P.E~BM 2 ~6.[O . FAIMFIELD HERALD, IS PUBSL1l D 'WIICKLY BY . Giilawrd Desport (r Co Terms.-Tui IsitArn is pubilerti Week. ly In the Ton of winnsboro, at $3.00 in, bareably in advance. 8& All transient advortismeuts to be paid in advance. Obituary Notices and Tributes $1.00 per 'aquaro, ion. Jefferien Davis and 1i1s Slanderers -Infamdus Falsehoods Expose d. iAiiADOW NOOK, DCKAO.r CouNTY, GA. July 31, 1806. To the EBlitor of the Afetopolitan Rec. ord : DiC.in SIR: I have been convinc d by the teachingsoof history and man, and nioro particularly by the events Which have come under my own personal knowledge durin- the past five years, "that a lie well stuck to answers as well as the truth" to serve the purpose of hate Mnd envy, aknd we I be unto tho. in dividual and peopio. who are forced to permit a systematic anld persistent Slan. tier to go unrefuted. Victor lIIlugosays somewhere that a man's destiny depends as much upon what is said of hii as on what he a.tually does. The fanaties of the North have acted on this fact for thirty years, and the dignifled contempt with which we Iave.reg trdud their imis represent ations has ended in our ruin and dissolution. These reflections have been called to mind by reading the report of the coin mittoo appointed by Congress to inves. tigato the charges against President Da. vis of complicity with the assassindlion' of tho late President Lincoln. It appears to me that a sense of shamo would prevent any set of men who had ft particle of feeling of honour from the attempt to link the name of such a char, actor as Jefferson )avis witi murder and C rime. A'ter the most diligent investigation, running throuthi a period if more than twelve months, ind suborning witnesses who for tih howir of humanity, be it said, recanted at t.h last motient. mnd confessed their dark crinio, what does tho whoe testimony amiounit to ? - First., that Mr Davis, during the pro. .gress of a long and terrible war, con ducted on the part of our onomies, with a barbarous cruelty unknown to modern times, received a few letters from a fe w Individuals requesting permission to of fer themselves as istrumentO to rid their country of the men who oro re garded as the wicked aut hors of our suf ferings. These letters are paraded bo fore the public-ono from C. T. 0. D Kalb, another from. J. S. Parramere, and another from Lieutdnant Waldemar Alston, reqiestiig his permission. The two first are unknown to me ! but Lieu. tenant Alston was an oflicer under my command at one time-an naessuming and intelligent youth, about nineteen, years of age, who had witnessed onough cruelty at the hands of the. enlemy to turn his heart into bitterness and gall. In none of these eases was the permission sought granted ; and the Committee were careful to . suppross those cases where it was notvonly refused, butt re jected with indignant scorn, as wva' al ways the case when these kind of letters was brought to the personal knowledge of Mr. Davis. I can testify to one case which happened in my owna regiment partty whlo made the request was placed under arrest, anld ordered to be tried by court-miartial. A gallant young lawyer from Memphis, Tennessee, who was moent, Morgan's Brigade, mai ,under the eense of recent injuries, wrote to Mr. Davis to request permission to ,go to ~Washington anld aissassinato Mr. Lincoln ftnd his Cabinet, blow up the capitol, &e. S Mr. Davis endorsed on the bac of the o ltter, "Atrocious, 1Respectfully refer v red to the Secretary of War, who will order the arrest and~rial by court- mar. tial of the writer. J. 1)." *This letter, with this endorsement, 'as returned to General Morgan while n' is lUrigade was at Blsek's Shop, niear~ Murfreesboro', by Mr. Randolph, then Scoretary .of War. Captain- wvas ar r-ested and was so mortifled at his arrest that lie shouldered a musket, and march. lng headlong into the first battle, -was killed at Milton, Tennessee. '.fbeso facto can beoestablishied by 001n. lBasil Duke,. Col. N. 0. P. Brecken 1bridge, Major William P. Elliott, Com-. fnissary of .drigade, Major D~avid H. - leollyn, Q/ M.. .Col R. A. Alston, then Captain and A. A. G. . The second charge wlich depends on the false testimony or one Lewis F. 13ates, a rampant-secessionists and reo gadle Yankee, that Mr Dlavis, when lie tlieived .Breekinbrkdgo's dispatch an nlouncing the assassination of Mr. Lin-. cola said : "Well, Gonoral, 1 do not know, if it wore to be done at all, It aere bettor theit it wvoro we'll done ; anid if th'd same had been done to Andy * Johnson, the Beast.and Secretary Stan .ton, tho. job would have been com-. - A more shamoless lie was noyer ut tered by a renegade -Yankee, and if this man has any e'onscienlce left) it mlust ~k sting him with reniorso, tint-iil bo is driv en, likesthe ether witiesses, to rep~ent, and take back this dam'ning Dil. ,God forgive him, for wve nover earf. -t The writer of this was standing with ii ten foot of Mr. Davis whenm ho re. ceived this dispatch, anld never will lie forget the awfui soleinnity of the ocvea sion, and the noble grandcleur and digni v of Mr. -Davis' appearance. It was in the town of Charlotte, North Carolina ; General Lee's army had surrendered Johnson's army was entirely disorgam. zod, all was confuiion, dread, uncertain ty atd gloom. Mr. Davis looned up more proudly than he had ever before appearel to mio ; for- he - alone, of all that vast crowd, seemed to retain the majesty and self-possession of his char actor, and to ri.ie with the cmergnmcies of th-at droadfl hour' Riding into town ht the head of a small cavalry esdort, he dismounted -opposite to the house of tlLiS Lewis F. Bates, who had ecent Mr. Da vis a special invitation to be his guest promlptcd, no doubt., by the desire to collect testimony in priva'te conversa tion, that lie might use hereafter to ad vantage; instead of soliciting it as an honor, that lie might transmit to his postority. Disnonitting from his horse, he pto ceeded to enter the house of Mr. Bates, and was met at, the steps by Colonel \Villiam Johnson, a prominent citiemn of Charlotte, and President of the Char lotte, and Columbia Rail Road, who said : "Mr. President, i6 behalf of the citizenls of Clarlotte, 1. give you a cor dial a elcome to the 9fbstilities of our tow.t Mr. 1Davis, who was dressed in a plain suit of gray,.. and woroe a low crowned white felt hat, nearly covered with crape, bowed low and gracefully, saying as lie did so, "I thank you sir." The lar-go crowd,' consisting almost-en tiroly of eoldiors, 'with tearful eyes and overflowing hearts, said, with deep carn estuess, "speak to us," "let us hear from you." Ile turned 'with his kind, benig nant, dignified look, to the. crowd and said: "My Triends, I thank you for this evi dence of youar aniection. If Iliad como as the bearer of glad tidings, if I had come to announce success at the head of-a triumphant army, this is nothing met than I would have expected ; but, coming as I do, f.o tell you of vmy great disasi'tr ; coming as I -do, to tell you that our national affilirs have reached a very low point of dp rieion: cowm, I'rayu say, a refigee fron the capital of tle country, this dumonsfration of your love. fills ine with foolings too deop fot- utter aice." . [Oh1,' my God! he et it. all.] "This has been a war of the .people for the people, and I have been simply their executive ; and if they desire to continue the struggle, .1 am still ready and wv'illinig to devote myself to their cause. True,- Cen1eral Lee's army has surrendered, but the men are still alive, the cause. is not yet dead ; and only show by your determination and forti tude that you are willing to siffer yet longer, and we may still hope for sue, cess. In reviewing my administration of the past four years, I am conscious of having conintted- errors, and very grave ones; but in all that J have done, in all that I livo tried to do, I can 1N -my hand upon my heart and appeal to God that 1 have had but one purpose to serve, but one mission to fulfill the pro servation of-the true principles of consti. tutional freedom, which are as dear to me to day as they wero four yea.ls ago. I have nothing to abate or take back; if they were right then, they are right now, and no misfortuno to out- arms can change right into wrong. Aga n I thank fou." These wvere the last 'words'- of Jefl'er.. son DAvis to his vanquished and scatter ed people, and few among the vast au dionce wvho will not remember them. Goid knows they Bunk doep into my heart, and I can feel again wha't I then felb4 .whein I heard my noble chieftain hid us what I felt ivas his last adieu. Many of us~ could no longer retain our sobs. He bowed, and was about to turn to go iuto the house, whon alittle boy froem the telegraph offico hianded hinm a die patch. Heb opened it calmly, and read it in silence, and f~ding it tup ~and re turningiL to the envelope, handed it to Colonel William Johnson, remarking as he did no, "Tis containe. very astound ing intelligence." The crowd, whose -anxioliy could no longer be restrained, cried out, "Read' it I" ':Read it!" and Colonel Johnson,. in his deep, slowv and sol~tin tone, read it aland. Some thoughtless persons shouted, .antd Mit. David looked* in stich earnest reproof, that inistanmtly overy voico was hnshted as thiough they were ashamed of having broken the solemnity of the sconio by such indiscreet joy. . The ivriter then shook hands with Mr. Davis, who asked htim abouit his family, and other .ques. tions of that kind, with which lhe was in the habit of niaking mill fool at ease who cawto near him. Captain Edward Lowndet, of South Carolina, was thon introduced, -atnd after a short conversa tion Mr. Davis totired into the house. This, on my honor, wase all that oc cunrred on that solemn occasion, 'for who could over forget it? Alas that 'og should be so base 'as to misrepresent and malign the noble man who bore himself under such trying 'circumstances, so as to leave Is unpress 'forever uponi the minds of all wvho saw him. It is well 'known to the pebople of the South that Mr. Davis Wa abdised, and almost threatened, beoause-ho refnged so firmly 'to conduct tho'war 'on any other than the most humane piincples.. Tmheo press acdusod' hirli of being ac. cessory to - the imurder' of our soldiers hncauso ha rahanod in so rany instance to retaliate when they lr.d been barbar ously execitlu, and even the (1oni'-do rath Congress eensured his condnet, ani( m1:1ny of its proinitueit mimbers wh( havte lon- sinco receiveri their pardono freqently .remarked that "W Wen dying Of West Point and Davis Rele g on NOthing could swerte him fron the rile lie had laid down and the deter ininat.iot which lie had formod of buil up1 a-Governmento which by moral con. trast nti finally prevail.t I amll, therefore, amazed that in ti< face or tose facts, which are so well k nown .1 and established, that Congres simnal Committeo would' attemplt it blackei lls name by connecting, it witl conspiracy and crime. All such attempts will most surely fail, and althoughli he ha been imprisoned in a dungeon and shackled with fetters, there is a halc of glory that surrounds his brow that nc slander ean tarnish 'or prosecttion des, troy. Yours, very truly, Rt. A. ALSToN, Late Confederate Army. TlE ODVEl0N0t'8 fIESSAE. Gentlemcn of the Senate - (Ind House of Reprcsnelativcs I have- convened the General Assembly in extraordinary session for the ptrpoe of retsoiaiending such modifications of exist. ing laws with reference to persons of color, as will entitle the tribunals of this State Io exorcise jurisdiction over them in all cases; such it tecognition 'of theso tribunals as may be best adapted to this end; nach ien. actments as will offer 'greater certainty as well as economy in tile punishment of crime amo~gst all classes ; and lastly, such mea sures of relief Iat, in my julment, are ne. cessary'in view of the present. oondition of the peoplo it is a str iking aunaly that niore than one-half of all the inhabitants of tihe State are not amenable to trial before State tribu nals and are exempt from all liability to punishment uiler Stafe Jaws. In.a majori ty of the Districts neithor Provost nor Frecdmonn's Courtn are in- existeice, ind pertsons of color perpetnate crime with im. punity. Soie of their gravest ofiences against societ-y are tried before Military Cotmissions, but the long delay in bring. ing tho criminal to juistice, the necessily often times of removing him to it remote pl-ce whero a Commission is organized for tia, thlie diltliculty of securing th le nlten da.iue or wvitnetm.e, tard- the jlhsidOvfV ed upon the prosecutor, conspire to render such t ribumlais wholly ineflicient in piniish.. ing the guilty or deterring others fron per petrating crime. - ' Whore Provost Courts are organized, the punishment imposed on freedmen are not in conformity to our laws, and are much light er . than punishments imposed by State Courts opon whito men for the saitte offen. cen s T1# laws of oury well regulated St at sh Mld operate equally upon all the inhaitants, and if a Nihite man is punish able by dealIffor hrson or burglary, there is no etcape fort a like qffenco with i fine or short imprisphumen t. Whcin our laws are .90 Modified that all peorons may be tried be. foare tihe samo fribnal and ipon convicLtion subjected to the smtu punish inaenit for the same code of offences, all reason for tlie in terfereee of lFede-al authority with the ad ministration ofjustico will have ceaeerl, and no impodiiment will exist to thejurisdic. tion of the State Courts over all cases, civil and criminal. In the series of Acts passed in Decomber last, known as the Code, there are various discri min at ion against froedien which should be reealed, anil civil rights and lIla. bilities ats to criimo should be accordcd to all inhabitants alike. Tile last section of the Act to establish Distriet Courts provides that "the Judges elected nuder this Aet shall not. be commis sioned uintil the Governor shall be satisfied that they-will be permitted te .orise the jurisdiotion comniilitted to thetir' The Judg es have not been commissioned, baving satisfied nmyself thiat they would not, he per1. mitted by thle military authoritIes to oer. oise'jurisdiotion over persons of color, whicoh was th main puipose In establIshing the ConrL.. The Distriot Court may, however, be miadeoinvaluable biy Increasing its juris diction in civil and restricting it ii eriml nal cases to offenes punliishablo 'with less than death, thereby reliovhng the Superior Courts of many eases which retard the die patch of more important business. * therefore rcomnmeid that the sittings of the Court 1b0 qtrterly, or oftener If nocs sary : Jhaat all misdemeanors or felonIes now punishable by flueO, impirisonmevnt or whip ping, by whomsoever comrmittea be tried by .that Court; that.. felonies punishable by death be tried by the Court of Geoneral Sese sions8; that the offices of a Ghrand Jury be dispensed with in the District Courts, and .defendantstried on -Indictment hithout pro. sentment or trae bill; that with the consent of the parties in civil oases, or of the dofend ant In oriminal eases, tho presiding Judge may~heer and determine any cause or in dIctment. without, the intervenition of the Petit., Jury ; that the Petit Jury shall con sist of twelve, and the venire of eighteen ; that in oases of the acquittal of the diefend ant, the Judge be authorized to certify, if in lhis opinion the facts justify it, that theo prosecution was frivolous or groundless, and whlen stuch cer-tificate is given thant the prosecutor be-liable for all thes oosts incur red ; than no othier scurity to proscute be r-equircd by a magistrate from a complain. ant that hiis own recognIzance;i that the jturisdiolion of the Cour.t In oivil eases be extended to 'two hundred dolbars, and that the Jury be paid for their services by a free trx on oach case they may try. IBy tho thirteenth setlion of the "Act to establish -Distiit Courts," It. Is provided "that In ove'ry case, olvil and'oriminmal, in which a person of color is a party, or which affoots the person or property of' a person of color, persons Qf color ushall be cornpatent witnesses. The accused In such a cr1iminal es, and the parties in1 every such otil otise, nmay be witnesses, and so may eosty pouson who lar a competent witness," -&o. The first. paragraph Qf the soofion adinit tIng percins of scolor to tostify -in all easel whloro themselves or thmoir race are- diroot,15 intorosted, and exeotding them by implies tion in all cases where they are not aior'est ed, cannot bes reconoijed with sound polios or just; diseriminatlon. They are admitted in that class of oases where their Interest symspathmy, hsociations and clin'gs .wou1 be most-likely to pervert. tel! consoqiencet and invite to falso swearing, and ar-c exclut' ded froms testIfying in all eases whore ne motive coul exist, to swear falsely, excepi that of a depraved heart. The ~uatiue is illogical and- lofensible, and it cannot be denied that ' s foundation in e preji dice against (he casIte of the negro. I' the rules of evidence in all (he courts were so mi1odilled as to maake all persons and pies coinpetent witnesses itheir own and idioth or cases, no possible d:tiuger coull result from it. Many of the States of th Union, and Sovernl of the civilized countrios of the Old Wo-ld havo tried the expatriment, 4nd lie result proves that the causo qf truth and juetice has been theroby promoted. Tho object of every jtidicial investigation is to ascertain the triuti, and, wheNi fou.:-', to dispen'e justice in confornhty .heto. With intelligent judgen and discrilvatting juries, correct conclusionis will be Ii:oro Cor. tainly atotined by hearing fvery the. v'h it ever may be (the character or coli. I thle witness. In the second paragraph of (lie nnetion already quoted, ttie Goneral Assembly have reached the - sanio conclusion ; for ju nill cases wore persons of color are allolt -d to testify, all persons, including partite. are doclared competent witnesses. Wodld it not be eminently wise to adopt the sai rule in all Courts and extend it to all per sons? In civil cases the testimony of jiirions of color is oftentimes requisite to einoidahu (lie the facts and secure a just decision. They constitnto a majority of tie entire popula tioa of tle State and of necessity ara ofien sole witnesses of contracts and transac tions between white persons. Shal' (tie parties in suich cases ho deiid justie.. by excluding ttie Only evidlece to k'e it because of nn applreesioin tha it tw 11 a icasuro utnreliable? - Woi it no b more in itecordance with tin clb Ihel rule to recei'e the evi,lenc aniil vig, it.s value ? In t lie law of evidluco, the ciyac. ter and st anding of a xn it urns goes to nt'et his credibility, and not his competo ey. Whby not in tle caso of the perami of holor follow thiis rule to its logical conclusion ? In criminal cases these coniside'rations i1oighl with peculiar force. 'i,1o negro is readily deceived and corrupted, and he conies an easy prey to thc machmiations of depraved white men, and past. experignee teaches that hn is entployed to execute ihe most dielionest. purpoSes, and with impunity to the principal, because of his exclusion as a witness froim (lie Courts of Jns c. The shrewd cunning contiune to put tie ne gro forward in (lie commission of crilbe, and they go unwhipt if justice because ihc law forbils I hat. thie testimony of time n1ro shall be liard. Does not the - oxclisinsi of persons of color make-tihom invalunlle vc estzsories to (lie perpetration of c-*i ? lHow can society le protected againit largo "las's of infaimois crinie nowy so 1 lent ini this St ate, unless, by making ch ' Sa competent -wiiess, we avail ou'rselves or all accessile evideuico to convict. tie of fenders ? A1d will tthe laws of tle State continue to offer a roward to the dishonest to fu -tier tetupt nid. corrupt time negro ? The we-ll-being of t(le Sltae materially de. poyids upon the elovation of this class of our population, and if there was no other ai-gunent in behalf of their adinissibilimy td our Courts, tie tendency of such a imi sure to elevate their moral and intellectual character would be suflicient. Tho dishonest. may object to the extcn sion of this Ilght to all cases, because it. reduces the field for his nefariousopernIuions but tile good and virtuous nro protected, society is amniply compenssated for (lie change. '%en of probity and integrity have no reason to npireliend any evil conseqien. ces Irmni lto change. @w disoriiiination of intelligent jauges and juries will be a shield aganzist unjust charges supported by false swearing, andi (lie same intelligence will bring (te really guilty to condign Iputnish ment. The great increase of cruno amiong (to freedmnien, and the inadequate punish ment. inflicted by existing tribunals, imukes it a high and important duty devolnel on you. to so moudify existing legislation as will secure a transfer of jurisdictioi to tho State Courts. If the auggestions I have made d1 not meet tle approval of your judgment., I will cordially co.operato with you in attaining 4 te end in tiny way which your superior risdom may indicate. i Thepfovolenco of crime among (he whites as well as the blacks, in every part of time State, admonish us that the criminal code is defeotive, and that the punishmmenits im pos ed by it are inadequate to deter offenders. The penalties. attach'ing to crime arc fine, imprisonment, whipping and deathl. The death penalty Is imnpesed on conivich ion for murder, arson, burglary anad ether crimes, bitt the repugnance of Juries to convict and impose that fearful penalty except for murm dor, anid two or tthree oither eroneous cimes against society, often enabiles t1-c guilty t o escape under tie most tr-itling~pretoext, anid even whoen pet-sons are convicted in euchl ca'ses, the verdict, is itsatally accompanied, by e'orommndatior to 'Executivo elemntcy. ',Lhore i-no piroper piuntishiineni t'inder tihe laws of this State for hiigfi nisdenieantor and petty felonies. None of the jails of tie State ar-c constr-ucted for work-houdes, anid convicts sentenced to iniprisoinmofit spend their time in idleness. The expense toh (leState Is very great, and in opr- impoverished conidition (lhe rpe ple cannot well bear the heavy taxatins necessary to litippo-tI these convicts in idlenies. There are many convicts who find .themselves comfortably housed, and well'fed, and who, exempt from aill labor, do-not. -egar-d inmprsonmenut as punishment.. They mare vicious, de praved non-prp~ucers, and~ the effort (6o pun ishi thent is inlly a pmuishimenit to (lie honest tax-payer-, whose labor ini art, at least, is 'giveun 'to suplport (tem In Indolence. Time niumber of coni" viots will hereafter lhe greatly Increased, auditf the present system of puunishmniit bDr continued, (Jho appr-opr-iations to ,Jailor-s Ior, dictinig pr-isonier- will 1be gmeater tihan the exponditumie for either of (1he Dcpar-tmentsof tho State GIoiernmntt. To i-enmody all theoeovils, I respectfully reccommend ihat. you provIde for time estab llshment of a P'enitenitiary at Qolttbia, and.1 apropriato not.- hoss than twenty-thousand olars to 'erect a wall around the Pteniten-* tiary buildinga and to miake celia for con. vieta.. - 1qh othe labor In oetin~ thie neces ' lding canbe piertornim y the oowr fthemselves. If a favorable at should be selected convenient to 'suient water-iloyer to drive iul thme- .mpohine rythat-mag be t'eqptisite to. carry og mawt faot 4es in w o, , leather, irooD, yarn. and cloth the IPeni entiary may lemado nearly, If not, quito' self-mupporting, Punlshmenls mity -thopu be imposedf according to the oor ~mity of the offe6nce; jarleis wIll have nio avo~rsion to ootmvloting the gulty, and the convic~s while undegonge purgation for their oiimes,'will lie o pelled to earn thpir Iclothing said subsstiane, Thme compictioni of the prision and the in (reduction of the requisite machbiner With, of cou-ae, be a work of time ; butt If proper edonemy beo practioodl Ia building d~u stodra " ing it, the Cpen1:e wili haitrdly be felt, am Inl Hte Inea inlte -t-he C onlict s; C:itl h'l reth mistel as cheaply a:t in the dtiOca j a wilile the la ul.:tbo ' of sith as r ie -no( i'iire on tho builing can be dievoted (to tle vari tis latnufaturos of leather, Wood alnad iron yielding a1 fund to tho State to meet the ex penso of their subsistence. Ifyou shotuld defermino to establich Penitenltiary, it will be necessary that pull ishments Hon sasjimpoSC by law i $so chluage as to conforma to the now prison uvssotm. llotfore passing from the ubject of th Criminal llt, I desire to invilo yon attoli lion to the necessity - for inerwe stringea legilaltion for. tle suppressiona of vagraney The law shotld not onlly pr-ovidi1o for th pnishmnent of idNO anid di.saahto person: wrho are permlanplenitly domliciede t s b hou extud to ransient peronsx wanie'ing ve I tho Stiate, 1ao who havei no vi.,ible metenls o suipport ; lan ho tl duty of enifoteinag tie t should be devolved, nuder stringent ponl: ice. upon the clerks, sherils, mangistat o and conastables of (lhe sOveral-Dis1tr icts., Since ) our adjouianient in l)cemnber Liat (he Court of Errors in tI% State have, witl a single dissenting opiion, deelarelt hI Stay Law and all atuendieits thereto inl constitutional, This docision has produced restiivenoss and dissatisfaction in nIanaI parts of the State. Paublic nacetitagg liavi >10etn held in several districs, aasd alte I.e gislature has boon appenled.t o, to frnisal somte prof ectiot to Hie debator clas, wvlt] anticipate gencral sucing in the fall tern o tihe Cout s. A t er a careful exatninat iota of tle opina on of t alu a learue Chiit .l tier. it Uoll as ofhr athoaditie=, I fto it. auy d' to s:13 that( I coceitur fully in tho opinion o ba l 'ot , n t believe ili:it thi ir ev ltositiot ,4 lthe cons1tit-tionial quev,.jionl i-- turswer. aid~e. -l'he people of sow ciaoin:a lau e beet irtov'e'b'ially lanw ithilling; and wh iaalen anl Irely reignaed s11p1ream114. aterI lae f1il of lt, L',nfiederacy, lawlessnests was viniversally U.couraged by tHe leitert' cla-Zes in everV jomtmounity, Now, when civil law is aes' oreal and we are reinitted t our own ltws Wd CouNs to protect right' and redr'e: wrongs, surly no citizen of good, reputt willadviso tuitailt and viAonce ngainst (he olomn judgment of the highest judicial (ri [nni in ltho State. In view lo the circuinstances siurroutnl. ag us-when it is reamevol that (He 4tae has just omorged from a long rand (iN. st rous war, in which not only her sons :t her resources wero prodigally bestowed; hat.outr banks have been destroyed ftt noro than three hundred illions of lo ,erty have bocen onihilated ; thtat all the on'otans of crdit und property have bea'n .roken up; th. oa' taystei of labor hat booin thorng:ly,9"egaired ; that. le. ru 'reshing iand revlvifying showers have been witliuld fron a parcled undI exhausted oil, nnl .hat waunt, if not fatnine will keep haelly vigils in niansion and in hovel, ;hen It Is remnoiebrd that nearly Il of the rmch'laaants of tHe State hIav0 boan ablo to lomlpromtiso their indalebtedness to No'tharn aierhants on the most liberal ermus-suro= y', the creditor Clnss will practico forboar noo and givo their debtors still falther in ulgonce. Ifcomplled to enforcoe collec ions, they should, in the tiiao fair- and beral spirit, aine comproamises Vith d.eb ora, so as-not to divo them atal (heir fami Its from home, kindred and riend. The existing emibatrraassmatenia PWirqa ,ut of the indeatedness of' ite country will, ike other evils, produco banaticiial tols. l)obtors will find it to thIei inter' -' to iake ial adjustita, of their dcits, oven houg they are compelled to s.rrender hell property. A') long as their delts ra nain, intarest, will ho acctnalat ing Ito cui. aunate in ttore disaarotgs hankruptcy. It hey irrender their property, onw, to crew lims, hey uant resule their ocetpationts tiud habov with ceefulnea --knoing Imt. is prte-Is will sooner or later,, rebuild heilr brokenl forrunets. TheAbtor who desires to compromise with his creditors lia' tho iean of' comnpel ing I h veriest .lfinok to naceplt fair terma r exclude hita in 11 sharo of his estate by tssignient, giving liberal creditors tia prle. rerciae, or by voluntary confessiun ofjudg ielioving that nao Slay Law cr.n bo past. A; entbraaing antecelent debts, that will ot confliot with that. cittuse of' tha Coansti utlona of (he Untited States which dahhres hat, 'uno Stale shatll pass ally latw Iipairing Ite .oligat Ions of contacats," I respet'fally 'coommetnd foar youar considleration for the 'eliot' of' debtoars: lat. That imparisonmaent for debt, o~n ueaie aind fatal pr'ocess be abolished, except n case o1' fauda ; ailmlithe, .as a puntmish= icaut f'or the crliae aratherx thtan as a muetas f enfpr'eing paymuent of thea debt. p. That no coat, h~ taxed aghainast a defenad ntit, cit her fot' tho 'oflicaers of thao Cout. or $. T'hat, the lusxolvenat Debtcor's Law.s be o extendedca as thtat anty debtotr many, by le siioil, aifter' date no'tico, suammaoan nt tall i ureditor's, and upon assignig his esatatte ami atlects for' their bonenft; hbe dischagged from til fuirther lIabIlity, niot only to Babing bait o all othter orodtitoks, . lltg thus relieved !rom.'thae insubus retintg on.film, the htonest ~nd ontorprislng debtog.willlgo to wor'k with ~lacority and prbo bainsbitf a usoful member' ~o society.. Th~e Congress of thes United Stales has tahority, uder to C4nstilution, to pass wtaiformz laws of bankr'uptcy ; but there ha to proftibitin upon the States, an~d as Comn ;recss hats nao~t exerciad the aaathorilty dele. gnted to thtema, lho iStte may, with groat iropriety pass such lawiva-amid they ill .onatu of' force, untIl Conigresa adopts e gut'aoal bankrupi act-which woaould sat per' iede all Staue legislationa on the saibject. Thae Oein'aal ilankruapt Act of 1811, pass. .dl byv the Congreoss o1' thte Unilted- States, .xtentaaa 1edit pr'ovisionis to ant ecedloat debtt, nid it a cntituttioniality w-:a etoto t -contoeat. -d by tlao Courr's. No cons titutiontal oh. tacale, atheref'ore, wou~ld pr'aelahp ieh. Uoeo cad Ae.1onably f'romn inoo'frporamting the sama rent ure Int thir legislature. itls prop or hereo o retmark, thagt If.y Sta l*w could be pageed which. could be fast rom aleonstitu LIonal obtjoctlon,' It wettid not prolyI'gdofiors from sulL in %lhc Vederal Cobtis, A credItor residing In th staie who htad, deteormined to enforce thae >aymonl..of his debt, could readily transfos t.to a nonrsident, and If the sumi oxceed r five hundred dollars, Bstk nton4esid'eni ,odld at once Instituto slut In the Unites States Court, rooover judgmeont, issue oxe ,ution andt sell the debtor's property not withstanding thoeoxIstene of tho Stay Lau, Snoh a law would not, be recognlioe or on forded ha a iodoral Court . The colmplhete disorgantiationi of tho labo; orthe State I 1835Q5, resulid in the 'prodifo tion of very drvision or'opA; and t, sapply tho. . hjty, large qunuittidos 0 >voadstuflfIi' afold boon 'i oporlod Int. tieo Stateg, etnormetus cost. 'Th i mpor eet org.nItizatiotn of Ithe system of free laboi - : 1,? ti. unprecetented drouight whliol ha - 'evaitkl durinp; the months of Jully an< Attgu11, tloug!oItt. ilc 8tate, as well as al taasu1tually shaor-t whaelat. crop, foroshadow I , gloomy fAture for tih people for the nol yar. Comking as yen do fiom" every Dis Itsiet, yoil have th0 lainus of masakinag an es timas:tte, approxiluating aeciuricy, ot' the ex - tenl( or tihe failure ot' the provision crop otl what aisotsat. of supplies will be necleq to rave the poor,- depenident aTd hVlples D from mtarvcnion. 1 invito your earlnest nai - prompt consideration of the subject. 14"1s1l14o1 h itehl ocotoil naifirily con denus lle t'eedinsag ptopualation by (le ov U rmesta a II!t inevit ale eonsequlences at of iieten ivletteass. patuperiin and crite ht whreve a l provision crop of a whol, (ca'aairy is deStro;, by bight, or- wher taproinc m as :msniddlong c.ontin D ought, anld the deticieccy is traceable I a lhCte cauasses rat hor thanti to aoe idienes o' (lie populitioni, lanasaasaity and 40111d p)oil ey alike just ify the Gove:-iamaent in lendinisj or giving its itcanas to voave ite people frotr starvat;on-to arrest tFat increaco of crimt whicla want- always produces, and to sta einigration to nore favored localities, Tht( present. polaIlation is insuiifflenat to till th( s-oil of (lhe State, and to develop its resouro, vs; and it is a high (tly of the (hovornmeni to remove, as far as possible, the ueoossit for eanigration beyond its borders. Th( embarrassment of supplying food for thc needy will -be greatly increased after th( irst. of October, whlena the Freedmen'd Bl reau Will cease to issuo rations for the find. genat 1ansd hVipless whites and freedmabn, whi: have Ieen lcretot'ore furnislied with stbsis. I eie('. You maty find it a-.:cssry to in. e'ven:: I owvers, duties and responsibili. ties of tlhe Commissig jers o1 tihe l'oor, and to organi/.o sit bodies in all IDistricts of tle Sistie. lia most of the Districts, land usal butillings have heretofote boon acquir ed and erected for (lio whites, bat they mstat be enlarged, so as to provido accon masodat ios for paIuper, idiotiC and hl3pless t'reedmaen. 9 Tho t4aitirc of (le Board of Coissisaion oas of (he Poor to pi ovido for the h1elploss, is a geit eacrime against hutuanity, and ad ditional penaltics should be iposed by law agatainst sich a noglect or refusal to perform properly this philanathroplo duly. The capitation tax imposed by you, at the lAst session of tl Legislature, on frood nien, has not generally been oollctod. The Comaaptrolrfr-Uneral, following a sug go.ion maade by mio and approied by (ho Attorney-Ueaneral, instruoted'tho Tax-Col lectors niot to issue executions against (lao frlleedmen, for tle oapitation tax, Until the present. Session of (tho Legislature, This wvas to avoid all contliet with tle mailtary uutahoritliel, amu:Jng out of 'thu faot that odr couri were 'iotusod fur tho' pro(oOtlou of the frct;dien, anl no provision was made for the l ielp~less. ienover your. legisla tion reits thsO custody of porsons of oolor to that State la.ws, laeso excoutlonss mity be issoed, Proper dillgenco of (lie Sheriffs will enaforce stho sat itfactiona of most. oft ltese executiovtti, (ad the fund may then be alp 1olriated exclusively to tle support of tho class fron which it is dorived. - If yot silould lin youir wisdom, determino to maake an appropriation to buy enbsis (onco for the inadigont whito avid colored, the eyearal Boards of Coninassioners of tIe Poor, would be, perhaps, the best agonis for its distribution, 'To aoet. any appropriat Ion made, there Is tat) resou'oro availablo, and tho flude eana only b araised by issuting and selling Statp bosads, The vcedit of (lao State has horoto .'oro beea untainished, and a roasonablo holpo is esatesrtiined that bonds Issued for sutch' a pirposo will command nearly pat', isa thew ionty markets of the United States of: 19trlope. A:a tho present. is a callel session, and yous sIety desiao to return to your homaes at tie earaliet day compatible with your public duties, I siatill de'or, until tle regular ties sion, bringing to your attontion tlo general finanehal condstiona of it State, or making any roconmenldation for putting It on a safe ad sat isfactory basis. 'Undor the authori ty of your Act. authorizing tle iasso of bills receivable, in payment of (Iro Indebtedness of thel Stato, lie Troasatrr had engraved tiam plMinted bills to the aiount. of $300,000 Vanid hag fAld out, to the public omloers and othser carhitor's of (lhe Stasto,otnly $160,000, Maost ot' the Taux-Collctos havo nma'iThtliell r'etufu'ts, tad (lao legal tenader' United Statoa nsotes paid into thue Tr'oeaury, together wIths tlhrt bills recelvablo not yet Llsaaed, wIll on able Its cperatiohns to be gondluctedl wyithout. eambaarrassmosnt utntil your recgulara sessIon. Of (lhe bills Iisued, thaey have talready been r'aedcd ina paymonat. of taxes, $72,001. No iapprioprationa wtas madte to defray theO expetnses otf engraving and parinting thme bills, bt (to Treasusrear, deinhg uipon my so. comrmmndat itn, advance~d thao expensesO inscaaared farom pro"ceedsm of thae loan hietrtto foi e' authaorized to. ho smado. Th~e atnouritt paida by haism, wias $'J186t.1.2. I r'ecommonud thaat ans appr'opra'ltionJ Io made to cover tis , 1f she Treasumrrtaad dloelined to malke the praysmant in tadvianoo . of thme appropriatioan, tho -Act opid~ not have b'een eaarried )'ply exoouglon, withot'bionvening an extra sos sIon of the6 Genoral Assorobly. At thso last session of the Goneral As seimbly, "full power and authority" . was given the (.overnor to' make auch regula t Ions as In lis opInion might be neoossary to prevenat the entrance dnddspread-of Aslatlo cholera In thIs State." 161Febaraas'y last, I Opetnedl a correspondence wIth Major-Gene.. ral Sickloa, wvith referencoe to thie eslablishI mnotofa rIgiquaranatinaO overallt(heosaports inla thao ~hato, -wlehrpsulted In the mIli(ty Iaathoritles uandertakhug to establIsh and da.. force proper quantinto egualatouns,< I altg lia py to sity to youwaat tie dittlos, utlpr oresfroms Goenoral Sleklos, have been p1 per'formaed, ad not a single oase or olhet or' yellow fever hs occura'fd wilbI4 - he limuits of thad SItat~e. jTha'e work of ''ro-organaIraLIlon and reon-s at rntet lena Isparogr'esng slowly, but steadly, O.;r Senators and Reopresetatlyes ij a nbi beein admittedf to seats Ia the iVedera on grees, and we hiayo rocalved .no rol&*stion from olaorous taxation, nsotwlthstkasdlgg wd liave beejl donled rpespntgioni 1A e be lieved haowever' ti,~ ouaafs(.how-oIts s an ko tesao Governm~nt Is othir to. organIzed the'fairObgrts held their Ig lar sosslons In Ethe spring s'nd despab~* muchol brsianges, whiph ijins.bseog accumut~P Jng for years0,. Bad tory generally olest~ tho olmiaaldook6ts. The Oetmrts of Oha~ oorylhave ~also beenj regula'ly htold dd ' th toni.Tlh maaohtnsy ftuitIsid ut full operation, anid privatergta4II 11e 'vrongs can be enforoed upn :tI14 hlowover mucsh.alg;y J~ooI Iht progriss*,f the $tate Itb am ita posperity paralyze by ls O tit andord . afdb-61 eostlai ', and manly course of our people is to re double (heir energy-banish unavailing re grets-meet adversity with a stout hbart and bravo hands, and through the approv L ing iniiles of a grqeoous heaven, our veno t rablo mnother Will again, be )r9sperou, and - her children contented and happy. JAMES L. ORR. G.NiFnAL, LEI, GCNRnAI, GRANT AND TiE CoMINO SoLDilERn& CoNvEN TioN.-A correspondent of the New York l/erald, writing from Richmond saiys: It han been romarked here that the PReeInCe of Generals Grant, and Lo,, at ti.o convention of the soldiers, North and Sout I, would tend more to engenlr ian abiding spirit of union and fraterniity amiongst ;dI classes of people I hroughout the count ry than any event that1 could occ '. he enathusiasni which anina ted the lI'hlidelphila Conven!) V.tioni up tilo entrance, airm iii riim of tle n.wa ohumttse and South Carolina d,-letganiitmni would bo but a meagre displiy; oiiinI'r ed to that which would hiuil the em rance of these chieftstilis ititd tho Solier'' Cionvention. The ev6nt N4ould send I9 thrill of 1oy through fi6 heain oF th' nation, and present to the world a spe tacle more sublimo and impressive t i'n. ever marked tho advent of peace o't illustrated that grand moral pro-ominanco and-abiding conservatism vdhieh cisti tuto such strong guarantees of perma nent unity and fraternity. It is I mpos sible to conceive what influence such ail exhibition would exercise jy'ui the country. It would cffecutnaly dispel any lingering resentuiieut that might exist, and stamp updn the Union tho impress of indissolubility. The two' Generals, in their sublime relaltibn, would bo estoomed living ty'pe of . tional unity, and ha'py omblems of abiding peace and fraternity.' A sol diers' convention, hallowed by the presence of such -men, .in relations of cordial fraternity, would squeleh what,% over of radicalism may have survived the Philadelphia assomblages. Inctndiary tRpeech of B. F. Butler, &, BOSTON, August 2.-At apolitical meeting at Gloucoster, last edening' 13. F. Butler, was one *of ti' spuakora.' Butler, on being introduced, said i The issues now before tile eottny - wolo ti same substantially as those' of 1860, and In this oonviction lie pro.. ecodod to trace the causes . which lod to the robollion and tho part taken by the Northern States in the attempt td ovorthirdw the government. Ito con tended that' by their robollion they had forfeited their property their rights, and their lives, if rebels were hanged, whiol, unfortunately, lie said,' they wore not. Passing on 1he spoke of the failuihto of the ..Southern repro sentatives to socUre their seats in Con gross, and said that if dtily portion of the Southern States had sent a loyar man to Congress, It ias only to got him admnittod, and when they had seoured a representation they would pond dis-' loyal mon. Reforring to the Phila dolphia Convention, ho said it was composed of a sot of inca who iro posed to settle a war vhieh they did not fight, but wjih - they opposed in all' possiblo ways, and it is the intention of loyal people to kiow by what right they arrogate to themselves that privi logo. It is the men- who' did the fighting, he said. who are to do th' sotting. Butler, haraotorizod thathbQdy as the most rpinarkabid thai 6didr isa semubld, and s'aid that tire dolegates from neither section o'f the cound try,* reprcoented their oQonstituents.-. Heo then referred to the 4New Orleans' riot, and read a portion of the corres/' pondence rolating to It, and said the whole tenor of President Johnson's' dospatches to General Sheridan was to' gloss over the terrible affair, If thjs *ytato of thiin e oannot be.alloi-odI, hut I er continue we will march onioc irtoroe, and woo him who opposes us I In considoirjng the Constitutional amendments roaently adopted by eon-' gess, he said.hd waR hot in favor of (1j one' ro) ativo, to riegro .suffrage, but aonopted it tie thi6 best lie could get. Heo was in faivor of a fll and impar tial ,suffrg~o', anld lhe would try, by overy mneans'in his power, in ' what.' over position lie might )e placed, to' seure It. In 439111u i1g hlis speeeh,' the getteral said th' at unless the poo pie, of ihn(North were firm in uphold inlg their Oongress tliey would have their work of the laat four years to do' over agalh -. The general was fi-equentlyap phauded during his speeck, and at thd' close was hoored with three o'zoers, AE. Ex-oeusoparr OrrroaA 5Asms )1r A Mon ia Nd* Yoax.- Itee~ ottoment was eated Ii ~ 'wrpar$ of. the city~ on Noaday mnorpi g,6g the appear ance of 0ol, Ives, formerl aid-do-capo t Jo%. Davis, A story affecting th# oharce .o Ives got abroad, and i a leob assew a i ri at -his hote. is I.ow daoi is liea sas pj~ f hast S8 es'. j "oung pAyo beMlieve i to ite dts o% owo r ~ W ar . 16