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WINNSBOEQ. Thursday Mornitg, August A- 165., We surrender our coldnms this taorn i-.g to communicationis and general new.. Our readers will overlook the absence of our usual variety of editorial matter. We direct special attention to . the communication of "ONE OF TUm PEO. mI.F" to be found in another column. Ve are authorized to give notice that J. B. McCivrs, Esq., respectfully de clines to become a candidate for a seat in the Convention. -We learn officially that the 102nd U. S. colored troops, on garrison at this place, are ordered to report immediately to Charleston there to mustered out of service. We also learn that Co. A, 1st Ohio Cavalry, will leave to day fur thvir headqat-ter4 at Orangeburg, to be mnus. tvred out. Communication. Emon Nrws: Nothing can be 'N more importance just now than a prope-r conception of what duties are re quirel oievery man who expects to be. comie a citizen of the United States. It has been asserted that great political cliange.- in our rolitical system are ie. cessarily to take place ; also; that a very great change in the theory of govern ment Is enjoined upon every one who qnalifies himself as a citizen with all the privileges which pertain to the elective franchise. To support the assertion, ref erence was made to the Amnesty Pro clanation of May 29th, 1865. An ex amination of the document must lead any candid mind to the samejudgment. There are three points in the procla. mation which require at sention. The oath binds the man taking it "faithfully to support and defend the Constitution of the United States." This is the first point. Before the war every citizen of every State believed he was doing thi, although tlpere was a wide difference of opinion as to the iianner. Each see tion during the war believed it was sup porting and defending the Constitution. and yet the two were diametrically op posed in their efforts to do it. Ech claimed that instrument as its arb:ter in the contest. Both adopted it as the charter of their liberties. Diplomacy cotild not decido to which the preference should he given. To the sword te ap peal was made. Its decision has been ag.tinst us, and now we are under the neceni'y of supporting and defending tht Constitutiou of the United States bniitiollY, as its provisions are interpre iti at the Nort h. The second point in volves one of the mst vital interpreta tion2. Not only has the res'ored to d . fi-nd the Constitution, bitt also the -'Un ion of States thereunder" ; and it is to bei heneeforth. H~e is to ignore all ef. forts to prodnee~ a schist adnin. He bec-omes emphatically arn Amnerican ciii zen in its broad'-st sense. Like a Blrit ish subject, rebellion will be his crime if lhe attempts to separate part or barcel fromt the public domain. The Govern menut to hum is a consolidated p'ower, anid in thio words of thtetConstitution atself~ th9#Constitution, and the laws of the Umited States, which shall be made in .purauance thereof** * * shall he the 'supreme law of l~he land." The phrase "of the land" loaves hial nto room to doubt, that, as far as the laws of Con gress are concerned, if a State. resist them forcibly, it violates the "suptemne la w." than which there is no higher ap peal There cannot be two supreme powers in thme same government. The Constitution and-the laws under it hold the sutpremity, "ay tihing" (as the Con stitntion says) "io the Constituflion or Ians of any State 4o th.e ontrary not withuIanditng." Any in terpr.tation of .reserved rights, then, that would favor a ra ption of 'he Union, is to be forever ~ 'oh-d. Heonce the theot-y pf an an 'veregunty M1 States is~qzpkood. '-.Wrotigs are to be auljaged io the - Utntm. not out of It. How important Stho'n that citizens should ac uaint them ' asvos with meahsurps anid 'with men. The ballot box alone is to decide ismues. The' third point in the ?wraseation e . -need hot- be pnharged ifpdm.2 The oath binids the cdisen,. "In like tihmbur," tha& 4rdamecspatioL.A Cmmini ated. MIL-EDitoR-: I hear much consuha tion abong the people of our Di4trict as to ivhoiold be sent to the-Conven tion. Thii ii very wel!, but there is a .preliminary question ahead of this of far greater importance. It is this. what policy should be carried out by the Con. vention, or, in other words, what a'mend. ments should be made in time State Con stitution. If we were tosend the visest men with erroneous political ideas, our labor would be in vain. The first thing for us to realize is that tle, rerolu tion in which we have been engaged has terminated ;.Jainst us, that the ideas and policy with which tihe war was wag edon our part have signally, entirely, u: terly and forever failed. We imust realize that we are living under new ideas, a new policy. and new institutions. The only rational course for us to pursue is to conform to the new order of things, and take our political departure on an entire ly different line of policy from what we have followed in the past. This is the only way by which we can have peace, security and harmony. I any main tinks he can contine the o!d contest with the North under time present order of things, he is very nmuch inistaken, and he is preparing only a profounder depth of despair into which to plunge his State. Time result of the giguhtuc %ar throncrm which we have rvssed was -o destroy slavery, and seceson, and all the class of ideas depending om tlmmse subjects. The radical portion of the North, not satisfied with abolishing slavery imme diately on the termination of the war against us, advanced a step and de mnanded negro suffrage at the South. This party sought to disfranchise all the white people at time South who had any complicity with the revolution, and con fine the right of suffrage 'in these States to the negroes and original Unon men. Most fortunately, the President of the United States, Andrew Johnson with a firmness and courage which does him splendid honor, interposed himself as a break-water between the raging tides of Northern fanaticism and tie prostrate. South, and taking his stand like a supe rior general at the first defensive posi. tion, negro suffrage, practically, so far ra tihe Executive Gover nment is concerned, decided the question of negro suffrag. in our favor by iecognizing the uhite population as the depositaries of politi. cal power in tme- Southern States. In taking this position, Pesident Jol.nson has put at hazard his darling populLkrity, by vmecurring the guarded, yet bitter ha tred of tie fanatics of the North. To appreciate what President Johnson has uAne for ui,. let us imagime what ahel upon earth or condition would have been, if lie hadi abandoned us to the ten. der mercies of the anatics, estabishecid negro suffrage and forbid all of us who had any thing to do with the revolution from appearing at the polls. This at once would have made the negro race the mastor race at the South, and we,. their former masters, mere underlings. I have thus alluded to President John son's initervention in our behalf, that we may tihe better understand our present condition. With these prliminary ohiervations, I proceed to state the policy to be carried out in the Covention and time amendmnent~s which should be made- ini time Constitution as they occmu- to me. Tihe poliicy to be used in the action of the Coniventioni, is a wise and masterly adaptation to time newv order of things. Prudence, moderation; conciliation, comn nse should have effect th'ere. To t into that Convention, violent, dis contented, mined passions, is to coin mit suicide out-right. We must re miember that the policy of the past has brought us to ruin, to bring safety, we need a new polioy. In referen'ce to candidates for the Convention the great question for the people is "mwaho represents is nmew policy ?" T1he fi n. aendmert which must boe made to the Constiteti'on is thme aboli tion oi slavery., flhere is no getting over this 1t'i) mtatter qf absolute mie cessity. )Yza~not:esta~,lish our State Gove h s~ without : it. Pre-idenit Johmns he plioitil state.d this ini ii intervriv'!-witsi the Charleston commit tee. UGidus we are prepared to do thiu, it is Peddey useless fru ot h The next amendment, I thinik, should be the abolition of the Par-isih Iepreuen tation. Under the existing Condiiu tiejs the' people of the loe onstry~livin~g in what are called Parishes, lhaw~e a voice in our tae eate out of all pro persion to their weulth or pdp~tdauion. To lluesratesome Parshes wPith" ao teste than tW00ty to thirty v'elave aeator, he districts an . hugdona. ik'lAnderson er .Pickens, bating1 rferdoaand totes a~ onfr on Sqnator,' There i the destuiietion of slavery in jhe Patrish e4 ha a ostanlihilte'd hei e h iofl that rtlon of mio . hs Paris then go over bbsd. "A tihe low *2tit1y perf(et eTali'v in k en ate,'nothing & hore,' noth ing less. Another amiendme'int I think should 1 be tuade of this kind. More power aivtidd i giver. to the Goveraor. 11. shoitld have th a appointment of civil of ticers, with the advice of the Senaute, and the veto powr r. It is impossibe in the I iarrow limit.s I hav laid down ior my- i self in this ar;e le to argue thi point a. I i-should be ar Zued. Under our present I Constitution the Governor is a cipher, and the Legis!ature absorbs all power to itself. Our Legiislture elects all the I oflicers not chosen by the people. There cannot be a more vicie-ts system than this. * legislative body thit do. I this. Iecessarily becomes. in the coirse o! time, a mere-nmtiual insur-Ance compa ny to get, oeico. In that great replosito. ry of polical knowledge, the Fed'-ralist, in referen.e to this subject we find the fbi lowing considerations. "In every exercise of the power of! appoiming to officer by an nssembly of imn, we must expect to see a Pill dis play of all the private and party likings And dislikes, partialities, and antipatlhies, I attachmenits and animosities, winch are felt by those who compose the assem 61y." Give us the man we wish for t b s oNice, anad yu shall 'lave the one you wish for that "this will be the usnai condi'ion of the bargain." Legisla. nye Iodies should . be confined to their appripriate legislative dnties, making laws or directing a political p )licy, but it is ouitsid,, of their functions to be electing officers as a general principle. In the two iost perfect, forms of Gov ernment in existence% the Government of Great Britain and the Government "F Cie United States, the Legisla, - e I odies have nothing to do with tihe ap pointment of officers. It is hardly ie cetsary to say anything in favor of the Governor's halviig the veto power, not of course, absobetely, but in a qualified lorm. A Governmient withou; a veto power in the executive islike a rail road trainwithout any breaks. . It is onei of the wisest devices of goverhment. and a governtnent. without it has really no Ececutive, and without it a State is like I a ship without a rudder.' In this State I We have mad( the office of Governor a blank, and first rate men scarcely ever, under ordinary .ciremistances. so'iglit it. I It was usully sought only by riefh men of imited. ability.. This iiuisanco has I liste(d too long alrea<y. The office of Governor should be wnade Its efficient, as possible, and the very best men pnt in I it. A superior man at the head of a Government is of incalcadable service. As to Lte election of Governor. I I an utterly opposed to his being elecel any longar. by the Legishtnre. Let t him be chosen by the people. It is im i'ossible the peoplo can select a sicces. sion of Governor's intferior in ahility to those the Legislature have been in the s habit of choosing. At anv rate, whe-n r r tie people elebt. no man 1ill aspire to the Goveriorship merely becanse he is rich and can give good dinners. I have blushed at the scenes I have witnessed j in Colufnbia ' in this regard. I trus. in God we are to behold .theom no moret Give the people the election of Govern or, and me-n of sonie reputation wilibe I apt to be chosnit The election of Gov ernor by, the people will give whatiu of I immnense Imp~oranice' in aSi ae sm mode of ,ascertaining thepubicte seni. menat on great, public quest ions. Ini the Federal Constitution and thbe Constirn-. lion of the late Confederate States, thme President was eketed byV the people. . No one dreamied of cham Ingr this roode and~ electing him ify the Congress. Thei ~ samne principle applies to the election of Governor. , a The Constitution shuouild further be amentded so as to requiro thte-memberu qf the -Legislature, in -oting for United States Senator, or any other elections, to vote viwa voce. The Legislator ~ votes in a represe'ntiaul capacity, atid the f People have ,a right to. limow wiao lbe b Cotes for. Under the present ssenm I . imave heard of members of the Legista. * ure voting steadily-and secretly for one. sandidate and when he wets' defeated t ~iying with'breathless haste to cont ratuinte his successful oppuenent. The presene 5useceysem of .voting, which nurits b yeorisy, ahio Id no .rhave rad14 iidj sontuoh long- ai hr than I .ekpected, mvust hurry to ? 5' :lose. . .. Every voter should ask himtself w~at ill :hranges hewishes im the Constitution, tad then shoald atos'tain which o -ke 'endidates alt radet. likely to egeefp ' in~ wi~shes and- vote aooqrding. - T oat hig veltdonsany other bog'. oh tore the magimitdaf tk.'e stta b G verhor Perry's Speeob. Tfheres ii1p ied.'ddfending tliu peech f thi4. Proviilonnl Governot )f Soulh (Carehui, in ttying to state hil so w nuhe usal party heal old clamor.' It'loes not appear that he new of hii selection for the office o lovernor until after he deliveredl thii 3frcenvrillk- -p: ,r thet FreeaidllpI lohnon had lieard of the speech, until he lapse of nt. least an equal number o lays. So thaL the remarks whiuh he nade to his filow-citizens were nmde in le capacity of a citizen instead of Gov. -rnor, and were therefore frank, Oiled Vith goodl colit:E.1, Uand. unqualifiedly in Ondemniatioti of thec course pursued by lie leading men of tie South, in their, uinous .fforts at secession. The ghastly social and industrial pic Ure w'hiI lie sketches of the present ondition of the South. with the fearful olittast it. preseuts with what existed here live years ago, should satisfy every Me who hias4 already conlemned hiin lint noword of his.has Outs far been .ut in for the (1-lence of secession. He peaks sympathetically for the South, ad that is perfectly natural. He >raises General Lee, too, as second only o Washington in purity and greatness; hat is a mat.ter of private opinion mxere y. Even while betraying the distate whichi so m-any men of the South feel ibout returiu to the authority of the Liuretuo law of the Union, he nucon. cioisly comfesses to the suprenacy of hat authority, and by his very relue. ance acknowledges the general submis ion to the necessity which overcame !veryt1hing that. opposed it. But there are two points in his speech ,'at woul fairly excuse its making. )1- is, his admission that the rebellion VAs a failire because the heart of the Southern people was never fully in it md the other, that secession by force is physical impossibility. l *ill do his hare in rectifying the popular senti neut in South Carolina, if he succeeds n estab.lishing no more than Ihese in the ninde of the people. He was not an >riginal secessionist himself, but protest. .d and opposed long after he had any 'ersonul inflience left. He describes he first wild meeting of the secession. sts in Greenville in a wanner calculated o make men shudder at tife thought of tich madness for the future. A few ollege professor3, with a gang of lngilhtless boy-students-a knot of otel louigers-the heated advo ates of whatever made nen still more 'ot-as small sprinkling of farmers nd planters from tihe conntry- that ;as the whole of that scene in the vil. ige wher his law office stood, a acete ihich he then- knew they would mapy f them live to regret having taken' a art in. And a hundred and fifty housand slain Southern men lie declares a be perpetual witnesses against an act chileb men like himself protested against t the time in va'm. In order to judge fairly of mch a peech, we must pay regard to its spirit ither thati its letter. Judged by ach criterion, we do not see why it is o0 calcilated to make the people of otith Carolina hate seceasion and ite b-ttors aR earnestly its they once ad. ocatet it. Something must, be left ) locaml pride, and local sentimene ;'anad > this Governor Perry lhas. as might atunrally be looked for, paid as much re ard as nder al! the circumstanesi was s de. He will make an excellent use fiti in bringing back th~e people of the tate to their allegiance to the Union tid Constitution ; andi if himnsif sound his professions of allegianice, there is o reason why lhe sa not be triusted in ia modes of persuasion. A t any rate, lthe recreant States conic back into icir former relations at all, it will be troughl the efforts of t heir uwn peopie, nidisiot~ by an comjendory proe e ad. umeedb the people ef another see. onm of the countIry.-Boston PIei. A !ate letter from IHilton Uead, mys: "Th~e crops on the Islaund atn' speeladly the cotton, never looked in etter condition then they do niow, anid to. planters carry a amuileon their faces the prospec. of& abetr~harvest thatn :4y hanve hadl for years." We trust tat their prospeci. &a iRoi ,blighted. .[4Augewa C9stat namut. bao uor as 4e.--. .mueriennu isatea rn Germe -state eat, the field. gu6 parched by ght,' id groupe~f piros care. .v whore en 'in which eldigymas and' pie are g ea wig gia f JUDJt ?. -~ R5JII 4oes adet of t .moed swi. at Jpdaha P. 8~r MSerearye 'srI~ ihWhs ode TB.E LA'MIST NEWS. T LN RA PH10. irWnOPSANNws Petersbnrg, Aug. 5.--.By tIhe /i/er. ian, we hav( .one day'. later new froar Europe. Tho Great daskra was still at valentia, but exp"~tCU- to wail on the 22d. The elections in Eaigind had elosed, the Libera!s having maide a gain wWa el'l h Souti Jmehirl. Thc Prince hIupeial of France had.entirely recove!rJ-from h:iCkne's. ald the Eulp peror adKi Empreas had left Pari. An autloritative denial of the ru;nored call for a European Congres is pyblisihed in the Monait.ur, Louis Napoleon being do termineed to let events juptify his propo. sition which was so disdainfily'rejected two years ago. The cholera, which was rapidly abating in Egypt, had mada its appearance in Turkty, and severat cases are reported at Birmingham, Eng land. FROM TEXAS AND MEXICO. Petersburg. Aug:q 4th- Our files contain the following news front Tex as The Matanioras Commerce of the 12th inst., says General Steele has required Cortinas, who is now in Brownsville, to keep Vie peace, but having access to Mexico. he continues to rob on that side and seek refuge on the American side. Gen. Monot had received authority to raise a battalion of Texans for guer. rilla service instead often thousand. There are between seven and eight. thousand Missourians and Texans on their way to Mexico. They were organ ized and 'armed by Gov. Allen, of Louisiana. They are hourly expct~ed at Monteray. Complaint is made that the FeWderai authorities do not futnish transportation to paroled rebel soldiers who wish to re turn to loyal States, many of whom went to Texas before the 'war and wero' conscripted. Business is becoming quite active in. Salt Antonio. There was no general celebration of the 4th of July there, though most of the people ceased ust ness, and tome celebrated it by hoistinn the Union flag, and others by hauting the flags down. General Shelby had reached Eag'e Pass, but the authorities at Piadras N4. gras informed him that he would totbe allowed to take his men into.lCico with arms in their hands, but ie would, how ever, be allowed to comC into-the con try'with 'his men as emigrants. le agreed, to thia, and sold his arms and cannon to the Liborals'a6 Piedras Negras for-which he received 'six thonsand dol lars in specie, and five thousand dollars issued by the Liberals. The atrms wee immediately shipped to, Chihuahua, wvhere tihe President still reinis. ta place is'strongly fortified; and no iotpu. rnal troops to threaten it.: The New Orlanus Tie has Browns. villa correspondence to the 14th ins(., .which says that Cortinas, whdo is still thtere, is ve~ry hopefu! of success by. ilie Lib~erals, nutd looki eqin the psp. mavemwet f th [Enitedl Statea forcest. the fr:ie~r .ts - adnte-~ous tot caus". Hfe has a geea nu'mba~ of -o icants in lies ranhA, and he very enth usiasticaNy of tht' ., 'h and dar mug. . .The corr - nt is very favorabfv i"'presse itht the appearance of Corti nae, a high opinion of his cap. e Galveston correspondent oi the says there is a reign ot terror in hbe intenaor of Texas, rnorder and rob beries prevailing to a terrible extent.. CASK OP Giwgsaa. JoN, JoMN8Naof... It as probable that' an exception will be made in favor ofQeneral Johnston, 'gd his -pardon guseted at one., insteaao[ putting him oa. ind*Bnite- probation 'as in the easa64f other rebel Gmgaerals. Among the'gmuntdn uggested - kupak well authenticatebefore the'tehy Ge~nea) :that Johnton dida a11*bi ~t ab. thagw. ~P~o~lhw4 sw