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^^ OWN BK|J,. ,1K TKUB AM) IT AS THK 'XIIOU CANVr Til UN UK FALSE iO ANY MAN jf __ -HB?_ '*' ?- ' . -JSt-- - - - ?' -- _ VOL. 2. PICKENS COURT HOUSE, & ti, FRIDAY, MAY 24, 1850. N O I ' [ THE *jjjUQf*Wl&]3 COURIER, I t FKINTKD AMD rt'BLISIIKP WEEKLY UT W. H. TItlMMIER. W. K. Easily, Editor. TJEBRIS; One Dollar and Fifty Cents for one year's *ubscriptioti when paid within three months, >ISvo dollars if payment is delayed to tho closo of (he subicript ion year. All subscriptions not clearly limited, will bo considered as made for an indefinite time, and continued till a dhcontinuanco id ordered and ell arrearages pni.l. ' {(i Adoertixemcntt inserted nt 76 cents per quarc for tho first insertion, nnd'37 1-2 ct?. for ?ach continued insertion. Liberal deductions wade to those advertising l>y tho year. >, ' * taST All Communications should be addressed to the Publisher post paid. From the Charleston Courier. Washington, May 8, 1850. k SENATE. 1 Mr. Davis, of Mississippi, prcscntod the resolutions of the Legislature of the State of jtfisaissippi, 011 the subject of slavery, of Northern aggression, and in dcfcnco of the proceedings at the prinia, , ry meetings aud at llic Stato Convention in respect, to the call for a Southern Gon vention. Ho read at length from the proceedings of the primary meetings and from the address df the State Convention, to show the causes which induced the people Of that State to believo a 6'outhcrn Convention was necessary. It was not for thte purpose of promoting dis\ union, but td prdmote a faithful adherence to the giiaratititfs df tiio Cdnstitution. ylnd all the many iihargds that this Convdntion was called from motives of disunion Word dithttr itiallelddsly fulsd; or 1 ? /\f h A tr I I? IU lO,1U,i,,l^U VJL bur' . t>l It l/l I . (/JLXV Retailed the pinny and varioiis subjects , of CtlU i jaolullnno, nnJ uf iliti I breathing demotion and attachment t<J the Union as contemplated by th?i Constitution; apd compared those proceedings with tinted oif the town meetings and the IQonventidns tietd. by Free toilers in ,(New England and in the West, where the Violation of th?d Constitution and disunion wore openly advocatedi Thtistt proceediinga were permitted to pass witiiout rohilkc, while thdse of the people of Missis., sippi, which wert simply in defence of I their constitutional rights, were denounced nft incipient lilsttnlori. He commenced upon the proceedings of Northern Stoles and conventions, artd attributed to them rtil tho alarm and anxiety experienced at lb<? ?outh. He hoped tlmt wiser councils would prevail, and that none of the Offensive and unjilst rtieasilres of Oppression Would be pnsscd by Congress; The majority riiight triumph but their triumph would find an unhid South nrenared tc I submit to no oppression. Tho majority might triumph, but their shouts of victory W^jild be checked, beforii it was hnlf uttered, by the vdi<?e coming froni tho South;" 'Wo, wo, to tho rulers who trample them- down.' I^ie resolutions WbrO readv and ordered to be printed. ItKCOUT OK THE COMMITTEE Of TliirtTUfcX. f\ l-.- r il.~ r\ I... U iaJ 9 UVUi vuu wuiutu vuiuuiitiur of Thirteen, to whom wero referred various resolutions relating to California, to other poi tions of tho territory recently acquired by the United States from the republic 6f Jfexico, and totho other ?ubjects connected with the iuatitution ofsla I Ycrj , ftwuiiiivivu mg juiiuwiwy kei'ORT: ' The Committee entered on the <3ischargw bf their duties with a deep senso of their great importance, and with carneat and anxious solicitudo to arrive at such conclusions as might be satisfactory to the Senate and to tho country. Most oftlje matters referred have been not only subjected to extensive and serious pub Ti<fdUcussioP throughout tho e^ntry, biit to a debi&e in the Senate sin Kutar for its eUdxiratoness audits dura i?| tioft; so that ft full exposition of ftll those B motives and views which, on the several M Objects confided to the Committee, have wtitiined the conclusions at which! ^ they havo arrived, seems quito unnccesIgig Bftry. Xhey will, therefore, rostrift M themselves to a few general observation?, Bp and tosorae reflections which grow out of Hub*v.,~ ' > ' i Out of mir recent territorial ncquisij^Hptjons. find m cunnotton with the initituJHUoit of slavery, questions most grave 0fc*yc sprung, which greatly dividing and Hgltatfog the people of the United States, ! Ig&ftve' threatened to disturb the harmony, mfaot to endanger the safety of tho Union, ffil'he Oommittee believe it to be highly fSg?U',q;rahlo jyid ucpeswiry speedily to adjust WmAl tl$o*e Questions, ta a spirit of nonord Baud in ft manner to produce, if pr-eticagenera] saU^fttcjon. TJ^ey think it1 would be unwise to leave any of tlicm open and unsettled, to fester in the public mind, und io prolong, if not aggravate the existing agitation. It has been their object, therefore, in this report, to make such proposals and recommendations a* would accomplish a general ad juetmont 01 an tnoso questions. Amongst the subjects referred to the Committee, which command their firstnttention, arc tlio resolutions offered to the Senate by the Senator from Tennessee, Mr. Bell. By ft provision in th^rcsolu lion ot congress annexing zexa'imo the United (States, it is declared that 'new States of convenient size, not exceeding four in number, in addition to said 8tnte of Texas* and having sufficient popnlaion, may hereafter, by .the consent of j said Slate, be formed out of thctcnitory i ! thereof, which shall be entitled to ad mis-1 sion under the provisions of the Fcdtral Constitution; and such Slates aa may bo formed out of that portion of said tcrri' torv Ivinrr south of Art dorr. flO min. north ft s o ' ? O lalitude, commonly known as the J/issouri com promise line, shall be admitted into the Union, with or without slavery, as the pcoplo of each State asking ndmis<inn miiv fhicivn ""V Tho committeo nro unanimously of opinion, that whenever ono or moro Stnte9 formed ont of tho teritory of Texas, not exceeding four, having sufficient population, with the consent of Texas, maynpp^y to he admitted into tho Union, they are entitled to such admission, bcj'ond all dnuht. nnnn fJiA p.lflftr. linnmhiorumis. nml absolute terms of the solemn compact contained in tlio resolution of annexation ! adopted by Congress and nssentod to by j Texas. But, whilst the committee con- j ceivc that the right of admission into the j Union of any new States carved out of j #l\n a. Tovno nnt nrpnn^iflin ' number specified, and under the conditions stated, cannot bo justly controverted tho committee do liot think that the forOin.fJaa.nf any ?unli . ?n*u- ulvsmUl now originato with Congress. Tho inititintive, in confbrmity with the usage which has heretofore prevailed, should be taken by u, portion of the people them Rf?lnr?s rlr.ciivtna nf nmivliliitiiiri- n noiv State, With the consent of Texas. And in the formation of such new ?Stnte, it will be for the'pcople composing it to decide for themsclvss whether they will admit or will exclude slavery. Anu hov/^ ever they may decide that purely municipal question, Congress is bourloSto acquiesce, and to fulfil in good faith tho stipulations of tho compact with Texas. Tho committconre nware that it has been contended thfet the resolution of Congress annexing Texas was unconstitutional. At former epoch of our country's history, there were those (and Mr. Jefterson, under whose auspices the treaty of Louisiana w'W concluded, was among them) who hnliefed that the States of Louisiana could not be received into the Union without an amendment of the Constitution, But the States of Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas and Iowa, have been n)!, nevertheless, admitted, ylnd who would now think of opposing the admission of Minnesota, Oregon, or other new States formed out of thb ancient province of Louisiana, tlponthe grotind.of an alleged original defect of constitutional power? In grntfc, riationnl transactions, while yet in their earlier or incipient stages, differences may well exist; but when once they have been decided by a constitutional ma joiity, ntici are consummated, or nro in a process of consummation, there enn bfe uo othor safe and prudent alternative than to respect the decision already rendered, and to acquicsco m it; Entertaining theso views, a majority of the eommitteo do not think it necessary br proper to rccojnmend at this time, or prospectively, i any new State or States to be formed out J of tho territory of Texas, ^Should any j sucn ouue do nereauer lormoa, and present itself for admission into tho Union, whether with or without tho establishment of slavery, it cannot bo doubted that. Congress will, under r\ full sense of h&nof, of good faith, and of all tho high obligations arising out of the compact with Texas, decide, just lis i(?%ill decide under tho influence of similar considerations in tegnrd to now -States formed of or out of Mew Mexico or Utah, with or without Miu utaui/utum u 1 onnr.iy, twu^iuuig IUU1U constitutions and judgment of ,the people who compose them, as to what may bo best to promote their happiness. In conaideritig the question of the admission of California as a Statfinto the |. Union,- a majority of f Kb committr-e con^Ccivo that any irregularity by which that ! Bute was otrepfcnfeqd witliout tho previous I authority of an not of Congress ought to do overiocwQU, in consiuorauoti oi tne omission by Clo?%rw> to establish any tentorial government for the people of of California, and tho consequent nucesHity^vhioh they wvic under lo create a gov mWp.'.' ; *;.. "rl nil i i r Ti tyr?~i I crnmenl for themselves best adapted to j their own wants. There nro various instances, prior to the ense of California, of the admission of new Stntea into the UnLn without any piovious authoriza*' tion by Congress. The sole condition re? i ouired bv tho Constitution of the United States in respect to the admission of a new State is, that its Constitution shall ho republican in form. California presents such a constitution; and there is no doubt of her having a greater population t t in that which, according to the practice of the crovcrnment, has beon heretofore deemed sufficient to receivo a new ft, . A it.L. TT oiaie lino me uniun. In regard to the proposed boundaries of California, the committed would have been glad if there existed more full and accurate geographical knowledge of the territory which those boundaries include. There is reason to believe* that, large as 1 they arc, they embrace 110 very disqro portionntc quantity ot land uinpted to i cultivation. And it is known thnttheyi' contain extensive ranges of mountains, 1 deserts of sand, and much unproductive ' soil. It might have been, perhaps, bet- 11 tcr to have assigned to California a more |1 limited front on the Pacific; but even if j1 there had been reserved on the shore of ,1 thftl ocean a portion of the boundary ! ! which it presents tor any other State or ,' States, it is not very certain that an acces ! siblc interior of sufficient extent could i have been given to them to render an approach to the ocean through their own ' limits of any very great importance. A majority of the committee think that 1 mere are many nuu iirgcni concurring considerations in favor of admitting California with the proposed boundaries, and of securing to her at this timo the benefits of a State government. If, hcrcnf- ' tc?, upon an increase of her population, a j a more thorough exploration of Jier territory, nnd nn ascertainment of the rola- 1 Hons which may nnw ocMvuen tut- pcoploxxooMirj-ln^ its various parts, it should bo found conducive to their convenience nnd happiness to form a n,w State out of California, avo have every reoson to believe, from past experience, that the qnestion ot its ndmission will bo lairly considered and justly decided. A majority of the committee, recommehd to the-Scnato the passing ol the bill reported by tho Committee on TeriVovies for the admission of California as :-a State into llje Union. To prevent misconception,'flio committee also recommend that the amendment reported by the snmo committee to the bill to be | adopted, so na to leave incontestable the right of the United States to tho public domain and other public property in Cal ifornia. Whilst a majority of tho committc believe it to bo necessury and proper, under actual circumstances, to admit California, they think it quito as necessary and nroDor to establish orovemmcnts for the residue of the territory derived from Mexico, nnd to bring it within the palo of the Federal authority. Tho remoteness 6fthnt territory from the seat of tho Gvnernl Government; tho dispersed state of its population; tho variety of rates? puro and mixed?of which it consist; the ignorance of somo of the raccs of our laws, language, and habits; their exposure to inroads and wars of eavnge tribes; r?nrl ilia cnlomn alinnliifinn r?f thn IrAAfv ,,x* v,\v wvjy'MM WWJ/W..MV.W.. ??"j by which wo acquired dominion ovor j tho.w, impose upon the United States tho imperative obligation of bxpending to | them protection, and of providing for thnm gnvo.rnmonl. unci Inu's outtcd to their dondition. Congress will fail in tho performance of a high duty ifit does not give or attempt to give, to them tho benefit of such protection, government and laws. They aro ndt no*, and for along ume to como may not oe, prepared ior | State govcrnment.i The territorial form, | for the present, is best suited to their con ditioti. A bill has been reported by tho Committee on Territories, dividing all the Territory acquired from Mexico not comprehended within the limits of California into two Territories, under tho names J "<r t l tt, ? 1 oriYOw Mexico anu utnn, una proposing for each a territorial government. ! TTie committee recommend to tho Senate the establishment of those territorial governments, and in ordor more certainly to seourc that desirable object, thoy also recommend that tho brtl for their eg- i tabliahment bo incornorted in the bill for I n<lTntaai/>n nf fAilifnrmn. nnrl that. uni- I: ted together, they both bo puseed. Tho combination ot tho ttto measures , in tlie same bill it obj( oted to on various i grounds. It is said tint they are ineon- : gruoiw, ami have iio necessary oonnec tion with cacti other. A ichnjorify of tho , committee think otherwise. The objcct i of both ihtttanfr&.is tho Otjifiblixftfliont of governmettifcuit^d to the conditio:*; res- ; pectively, of tho proposed new Stato and / & . of the new Territories. Prior to their transfer to tho tfniled Slates, they both formed a part of Mexico, whore they stood in equal relations to the government of that republic. They were both ceded flin TTnifnrl liv t.lio flntrln frnnftr ^ind in the same nrticlo of that treaty, the United States solemnly engaged to protect and govern both. Common in their origin, common in their alienation from one foreign governniet to another, common in their wants of good government, and conterminous in some of their boundaries, and olike in many particulars of physical condition, thoy have nearly every thing in common in the relations in ???? ?r ii.:? it..: ? u muu buuj oiauvi i'J tnu icot wi unr* umun. There is, then, n general propriety in extending the parental care of government to both in common. If CtiliTornia, by a sudden and extraordinary augmentation of popnlation, has advanced so rapidly as to mature her for state government, that furnishes no reason why the less fortunate territories of New Mexico and Utah should be abandoned and left ungoverned by the United States, or should be disconnected with California, which, although she had ormmised fnr hmxnif n o " ' ~ O ' "" " state government, must bo legally and constitutionally regarded as a i'erritory until she is actually admitted as a state in the Union. It is further objected, that by combining the two measures in the same bill, members who muy be willing to vote fcr one and unwilling to vole for the other would be placed in an embarrassing condition. They would be constrained, it is urged, to take or to reject both. On the other hard, there arc other members who Mould bo willing to voto for both uni ted, but would feel themselves Constrained to voto against the California bill if it stood alone. Each party finds in the bill which it favors something which dommends it to nccccptmicc. and in. tho othoi something which it disapproves. The i true ground, therefore, of the objection ' totheunjflfBf the meacous is not any want of1fl^Ry 'between them, bvt because of the fuvor or disfavor with which they arc respectively regarded. In this conflict of opinion, it seems to a majority of iho coiuiniiieo thai a spirit of mutual concession enjoins that tho two measures should be connected together; tho effect of which will !./> n.n* ?:n ?i..~??i V..MV MV.IVIIVI wpuuuii mil WWllWIVWJf in umph, and that both may find in such an amicable arrangement enough of good to reconcile them to the acocptatico of tlio combined mens uro. ylnd such a oouree of legislation is not all unusual. Few laws have ever passed in which there wore not part* to which exceptions wore taken. It ?s inexpedient, if not inipracticable, to separate these partf, and embody them in distinct hi lie, bo as to accommodate tho diver eny oi opinion winch may exist, Tlio Constitution of tho United States contained in it n groat vuriofy of provuqtas, to some of which serious objection wjw made ih the cohvention which formed it by membors of that body; and when it was submitted to the ratification of the States, soinoof them objected to some parts, and others to other parts of the samo instrument. Had these various parts and provisions been separately acted on in tho convention, or separately submitted to the people of tho United Sintca.it is by no menus certain that tho Constitution itseb wuuld ever have been adopted or ratified. Those who did not like particular provisions found fcompensatiou in other parts of it. yind in all eases of constitutions and laws' when cither is presented as a v o!o, tho question to bo decided is, whethe tho good which it contains is not of greater amount, ahd dbos Hot neutralize anything exceptionable in it And as nothing human is pijtfbct, for tho buko oi inai Harmony ho aesirnoio hi suon a confederacy aa this, wo must bo reconciludt o secure as much as wo can of what wo wish, and be consoled by tho reflection that what wo do not ftxaotljr liku isn friendly collision, and ngreeablo to those who, bein^ united with us in a common destiny, it is desirpMo, should always livo with us hi poace and concord. A majority of tho committee lmve, thorefore, l?oen led to the recommendation to tho Senate that the two measures bo united. Tho bill for establishing the two territories. It will lie ob ecrvod. omit* tho W ilmot Proviso, on the one hand, and, on tho other, make# no provision for the introduction of slavery into any part of tho now territories. That proviso has boon tho fruitful Sburco of distraction and agitation. If it wore adopted und applied to any Territory, ft would coaso to have any obligatory forco as eooh as such territory were admitted as a State into tho Union. Them win never any occasion for it, to accomplish the professed object with which it won originally offered' ThU lm? been clearly demonstrated by tho current of events. California, of all the rccont territorial acquisitions? from Mexico, was that in which if any where within them, the introduction of slavery ire* nio^t likely to tako place; and tho coastitution of California, by tnc unanimous vote of hor convention, has expressly interdic* ted it. There is tho highest degree of probability th?t Utah and New Mexico will, when thoy some to to bo admitted as ?S'lntes, follow tho example. The proviso is, ns to all these regions in common, a moro abstruotioo. "Why xhonld it be any longer insisted on? Totally destitute aa it is of any practical import, it has, nevertheless, had the pomicious effect to excite serious, if not alarming con sequences. It is hitth time that tho wounds which it has indie ted should bo healed up and closed; find that, to avoid, in all future time, the agitations which must bo prod reed by tho conflict of opin on on the slavery question, oxisting as thin institution does in sonio of the (States and prohibited da it In in others, tho true nriuciplo which ought to regulate tho action of Congret* in fuming ciritotial goverr.mwita for c*ch ucrly a<j_ , ! quired domain is to lefr&in from nit legiKlation i on the subject in the torrltory acquired, solon ; as it retains the territorial form of government ?leaving it to the people of buch territory, when thev have attained to a condition whi? h entitles tfiem to admission oh a State, todecidu for themselves tV. question of tin; allowance ? f prohibition ef domestic slaver*, The commit believe that they express tho anxious doUru of art immense majority of the people of the Vnited.Stntes, when they declare that it is high time that good feeling, harmony, and fraternal hentimentb should l>? again revived, ami that tho Government should be ablo once more to proceed in its great oj>crutions to pfomoto tho happiness and prosperity of tho country ondls-"" turlw-d by this distracting cause. As for California, far from feeling her sensibility effected by her l>eing associated with oth ' er kindred measures?she ought to rejoice and I I l.:..i.I.. 1 4l.?* ..? ?/ ; infill.j ^iiiiiiivu uu*v, an vuu illi^ Hill) TIIQ Uniorijwioiiiny hnvo contributed to th6 tranquility and linppinces of the great family of States, of which it is to be hoped, slic may ono itiiv bon dietinguisliod member. 'f he committee beg leave next to report on thcsubject of the Northern and Western boundary of Texas. On that question a great diverKit.v nfritiSnSmi lin?invnvjliloil. Aprni*<l!iu> *e\ view of It, the Western liiuit of Texas was tho Nuecos according to nnotlier, it extended to the Kio Grande, and >trefched from its mouth to ita somce. A majority of the committee having coino to tho coheludcn of rc commcnding ."U) amicable adjustment of the Itoundary villi T< xas, abstain from expressing any opinion as to thu tt-uo ahd legitimate Western and Northern boundary of that Btiito. Tho terms proposed for such an adjustment are contained in the bill herewith reported, and they are, trfth iHwunuuitiuiv <?imuuu, mu nuiiu US lliub reported by tho Committee on Territories. * -4ccording to those terms, it is proposed to 'Texas that her buubdiklry ho recognised to tho ltio Grande, and up that river to the point com moldy called El Paso, and running thence up that river twenty miles, measured thereon *?y a straight line, and thence eastwnrdly to u point where tho hundredth degree of west longitudo crosses Kcc Hivcr; being the 60uU?\vc*t nnglo in the line leeignatcd ootwecn die United States and M-xict), and the name angle in the line of the territory set apart for the Indians by the United 6'tatee. If this boundary be assented to byTexas, she will be o oietcd to that extent in lier title. And pome mny suppose j that, in consideration of this concesiion by I flirt TTlltfrtfl Stiltoo till* tn!ll<n?l W V ...?vv? rw/?..vw, M.IW niviivait any oilier equivalent, relinquish any -jlaim to uny part of New J/cxico. 13ut, un clcr the influence of a sentiment of ju\ tice> and great liberality, the bill proposes to Texas, for her relinquishment of anysuch claim, a largo pccuuiury equivalent. Asu consideration for it, and cosidering that a portion of the debt of Texas watt created on a pledge to her creditors of the duties on foreign imports, transferred by the resolution of annexation to the TTnStorl ftlnfoo niul haw fimniirA/l n*-?/l <-? ccivablc ill their treasury, a majority of the committee recommend the payment. of the sum of millions of dollars to Texas, to be applied in the first instance to tho extinction of that portion of her debt for tho reimbursement of which the duties on foreign imports were pledged, as aforesaid; and the residue in such manner ns she may direct. The said sum is to be paid by the United States in a stock, to be created, bearing five per cent inter esi annually, payaoio nan yearly at ihO treasury of the United States, and the principal reimbursable at the end of fourteen years. According lo nn estimate which has been made, therfc aro ii.oluded in tlw territory to which it is proposed that Texai shall relinquish her claim, embracing that part of New Mexico lying east of the H?6 Grande, a little less than 124,033 square miles* and about 79,057,120 acres of land.' From the proceeds of tho sale of this land ii,n L- ? Uib umau uuuvo ui'i v uuiiuiiicijr IJU I imburftcd n portion, if not the whoa of lhev amount of what is thus proposed lo be advanced to Texas. It cannot he antich^tQd. tlmt Texas will decline to accede to these liberal propositions; but if she should it is to be dit-! tinctly "Understood that the title of the United States Jo any Territory acquired from Mexico Ea t of the Rio Grande will remain unimpaired and in tho same condition as if tho proposals of ..djustmcnt now offered had nover been mad \ A -J?- f At - .fv majority 01 mo commuico recommend to the Senate tlmttho section containing these proposals to Texu shall he incorporated into tho bill embraoing the admission of California as a State, nrd thtf establishment of Territorial goverr*iients> for Utah and New Mexico. The definition and establishment of the boundary between Mexico and Tazaa hau riri intimate and necessary connettion whit the establishment of a Territorial gouevn ment for New Moxico. To form u Territorial JVovcmmcnt for New .3/cxic, without prescribing the limits of iho Territory wonld leave the work imperfeel iiiul incomplete, and might exposo Now Voxico tc serious controvoisv. if not dsmroi. J . ? CJ7 * \ ous collisions, with the State of 'l'oxnpj And most, if not all tlio consideration# which unite in favor of combining thfli bill for tho admission of C alifornia hfc h .v'i Htato and tho Territorial bilio apply to the jcy boundary question of Texas./;1 By the uc [tNihiinued on l'urth Psyrj . * . <