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? ?otkt-? imt mi ? >!! ? i AGRICULTURAL FAIRS. At a recent agricultural fair <n jl/assachusetts, Mr. Webster made a speech, from which wo present our readers the following extract, as showing his opinion of the importance of such efforts in piomoting the great interest of agriculture. This Ls particularly encouraging to our own people, who, in this matter, are not ? wlut behind their northern neighbors: 'lie would say, that there was one thing which had not been much dwelt upon here, that was of no little inferos' and importance. It woj\ that the meat nracti cal truth and characteristic of i!*o present , nge was that great public improvements were carried out by means of public as sociations. This principle-- the principle of voluntary association?of bringing : minds together to act on each other, was the great principle and truth of the ;*ge. Its germ, to be sure, was to I e seen centuries a^o in the old world. It was to be trace*.! in the establishment of ci'ie>in the feudal ages; it was still further ext' ndod in the professional associations < f j Europe at a subsequent period. But it lms been long, both in the old count ry and in this, hoforo tb? id pa avjis l?r. iicht to bear upon agriculture and the tillage of j the soil. The reason of this was obvious. Merchants, traders, and others, congregating in large cities, could meet together nt almost any hour, summoned by the peal of almost any bell, to interchange their sentiments on any topic of moment. "Not so with farmers: They wore scattered all over the country; their lar bors were mostlv solitary--here upon <l?. o.wi *#i cesses of the hills; they had 110 exchange, I no coffee-house, 110 lyceur.i where they could meet together conveniently. Such too, in a grout measure, was the case witb them now! and hence it had become essential that these annual fairs should be held; hence the necessity that they should he universally attended; not so much for the sake of the exhibition or of any discourse to bo delivered or of any lectures to be given, as for the sake of interchanging sentiment, of comparing the experience of one with that of another,, of miiuriitig together and keeninir una com mumcation of ideas. Ever}* mnn obtained a great part of whatever knowledge he might possess by conversation with others. Hooks indeed might do ^nothing in this respect, but nothing in compai ison with free communication. If we should deduct from the aggregate of each man's knowledge whatever lie had learned by communication and com rsation with his fellow man, very little would be left, and that little nol worth much nt best. It was intercourse with each ether that made men sharp and active and enterprising; and therefore, if there should not be nt any annual exhibition of an ngricultu rui association, ii imiiufiomc puiroi sie?:rs or a likely cow in the wholo county, still, if there were the men assembled together in social intercourse, then he said that the exhibition would be productive of much good* MULTUM IN PARVG, Wluit is life? A vital spark, a brief span, a breath suspended bv a single hair between heaven s fair fields and the fathomless abyss of mortal misery and despair; a flickering meteor that shines awhile and then goes out. What is joy? 'Tis the well-spring of pleasure: a messenger of peace, a priceless thing, a hallowed dream. What is grief? The excning of pleasure; the deep and sombre feelings of regret; the child of sorrow. What.is fame? An envious name; a theme for devils: the parent of envy, jealousy nnd rage. What is sin? The son of Satan, twin brother of death, tlie father of corruption. What is religion? The pilot of the soul to the bright fields of heaven; a communicntion with the saints of light. What is love? an inexpressible thing; a volume in a word; an ocean in a tear; seventh heaven in a glance; a whirlwind in a sigh. What is truth.? Tt is that principle which emanates from the throne of the Deity; tho great champion of the rights of man. What is happiness? An unseen thing; a goh'.^.n dream of pleasure; the Christian's ^reat desideratum. What is death? A sleep; a rest from earth's toils and cares: a separation of the soul from he tenement of lay. What is immortality? An undying name; an everlasting home for the re/.f i:~v> i\..1 *r utvujuu nuuo VI ll^lll.?J.V L'W&JJtljfJLT, Do not licl;/ n? Appcaranccs.?We were informed yesterday, by a person who stated it as a fact, that on the landing of the steamship Falcon, an individual came on shore without hat, coat or boots. After looking around him for sometime, with a free and easy, independent kind of an air, he called to a drayman and requested him to take charge of a pair of saddle bags, which were on board the vessel, and Aonvey them to tr t lit *?* .? . . xiowieue witn 8oiti Hesitation, the drayman complied with* the request, but ' on attempting to lift the saddlebags ho 1 found he was unnbfr without as uistancq.* Thcfact wAs tjiov eontvuncd ' A-*-; ' - " " + . 4 ?j-t-ff- ti ?? ir nimti i ? iyiMiri?n mn?m?11? $ (0,000 in gold, which the cualics^, hat j loss and booties man had brought tvith him from Cnlifornin. We will guarantee ill At his coat n nu; to-dav would not dis grace an habitue of 15roadway. Truly, appcnran??s arc fallacious and decej live. , LV. O. Picayune. ; KKOW JOE COURIER. Saturday, Oct. *?0. 1S4-0* With u vkw of accouuuavLttiivg uux Subscribcrs who live at a tiUumcc. the fuiK>witi^ ^etitlemen are authoriieU iuul rtfquo.<tt\l to .?-? .? ?. ??? .?..n 11 ? an.l f* vrtr Aislutir s^iK* .1^1 AO in- "> ?v-? .. iuuh^ v. ?*vscriptio:.> to the Klovkl lV.iirs, vi*: M.u. W. S. Gkisii.vx, \\\>t Uuiiii. ilitv.ad uiciii.s 1u], ikht-o sjhhv. E. r. VttNtK. Kmj, lvAchelor's Roirvat M. F. Mitcmklu Ejtj. " lVkt nsvillo. J. K. II.Mioon, " Twolve Mile. T. J. Webb, \-r aiulorjon District, TO OCR SUnsCUIBF.KS. Tl. ic ucsirruj; can have the benefit i cur terms f r juymcnt witluu throe mentis, by j ay in:; at any time before or tlurinj the week of Court. This L- r.. t a dun to our patrons Lut a?*ii::plc statement that will benefit those ch<x>>inij to avail themselves of it. RAIN. For several <lays this week we have had copious showers of rain, which were very much needed. Return day is p^st and we have only about thirty five cases issued to this Court. This certainly .-peaks well for the prosperity of the District. For a people to be able to say we are out of debt, i< a great blessing, and tells well for their industry and economy. And besides, for tjie last two.Sale-davs past no property has been sold by the Sheriff under Execution. KLKCTION. An Eluotion was held in Greenville District on the Stli nml Oth inst., for a member of the Legislature to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Edward ll.Earle. We are glad to learn that that the Hon 11. I'\ Perry was i i i mm , CllM:iUU. I Iiuru Wil? J1U> PEN ITENTJARY. The Grand Jury of Richland District have recominen< ed the establishment of n lVnitontiary, as they believe a majority of the people ajo in favor of it. The followiii ariticle on 1 lie subjcct of the abolition of slavery, we take from the London Times of Sept. 10,?coining from that source ?published in a country that bus tried tlie experiment, it tells with double effect. Tt seems, too, that no one besides our Northern brethren have any doubt as to die proper construction of the Constitution; for here a foreign journal unhesitatingly pays Congress has no such power. But read the extract: "The will of the people of England and tlie resources of the British nation have been applied with absolute nuthori ty and ungrudging muniliccnce to the extinction of slavery in the British dominions. The northern States of America have no such power of altering the institutions and the tenure of property in the slave-holding Stales of the Union: Congress itself has no such power; lmf if it had, and besides the power,if it had the will and the means to carry a general measure of abolition, wc are constrained to admit tliat the experiment made by the British government, and the state in which the British West Indies are now placed by it would be invoked a.s the most unanswerable argument against such a scheme." THE STATE OF DESERET. The South Carolinian of the 1 nth inst., say*: This is the name of a new State?that is to be >?of the American Union. 'llie Mormons of Salt Lake have organized a State Government, adopted a Constitution, and will apply at the next Session for admission into the Union.? More sensible than other fanatics, they have left slavery alone, and do not design to mention either Wilinot or his IVoviso. The legislature on the ttrd of March, elected Ahnon W. Babbitt a delegate and representative in Congress, THE MISSISSIPPI MEETINO, Wo would refer our reads/a to the KesuUr tions passed by the State Convention of Mississippi which will bo found in nnotlier column. This is wo believe the ouly concerted move out of our own State that has yet been made u..i 1.. a i A\.?A , A\ CJ*^* :ii liUt WU MUVUIU1J II U^V lllllt OlJll r oiuiuh Will follow the cx unj)lo of this State, nnd thnt each will recommend a Southern Con 'cntio.u Separate notion l?y each State never can produce tlint unanimity in the South which in bo much needed nnd which nlono can pave us from the threatened danger nnd dishonor. The Hon. )). Wallace, from this State, was present at the malting, and was invited to a sent within the bar. TIIB COLUMBIA PRESS. The Trftffrajih comes to us much improved nnd enlarged; and witli the increasing prospects of Columbia, wo tnwt that our friends of the 'J'rlcyrnpli will receive a duo share. The Carolinian has just been enlarged, nnd on liift Tuesday it made its appearance a* a rlnily paper: being published now daily, triweekly and weekly. Tho energy nil industry displayed by the proprietors of this pre#, just ly entitle' t)i' in t? ;i f.'ii .hare of public patronage. Every di?v"> develop incuts go to prove the entire sulwen iency of (Jen. 'iViylor to mr Cabinet, and >ho\v tl?:* t while lie is noiuiunlly 1'resi" dent the power of that ofliccis wielded by t!ie nyu he lms culled around him. In a conversation lately, C?e?.Tavlor said in reply to tho reiivoiistmocc of some of hi* political friends in relation to tin- conduct of his Cabinet, that ho had uothmg to do with their action?that ho did not interfere with it, but that he held them io--|k n^ible for their management of thy government. This i< most certainly a great outrage uixni the voters who placed him iu office. He received the votes of the South, because ho was a Southern man and a slaveholder; and is u r:;11?1~ u ]n>iiucai noucsty lor m:n now to eontidethe interests anil destinies of the South into the linn 1* of such men as compose his Cabinet I Will any one say so ? W hen we j have been ruined by the conduct ami measures advocated by F.wing, Collainer, and their com peer.- in office, we are to l>e southed, we suppose, by the reflection that the President holds them ro-poii.-ible for their management of the government. Will this satisfy the Soutld It remains to be seen. We were opposed to the election of (Jen. "nvlor. because, in the first place, * " believed him incompetent for the high and honorable post of President?because, in the second place, we regarded his political opinions a.s opposed to the principles advocated l?v the South. Every act pf llie President I since he came into office goes to prove the ! truth of these views. Ho has surrendered the power into hands of his Cabinet?he has expressed himself in fuvor of a Tariff for protec. tion?a general system of Internal Improvements?as opposed to the extent ion of stayer v. Are these not sufiicient to establish the truth of our assertions < AVhy is it that Georgia is I democratic bv a large majority! Every effort j was made there to unite tlie Whigs and Taylor | democrats in tlie election for Governor, but it all would not do, tlie scales have been knocked from their eyes by the conduct of President Taylor and his Cabinet, and the voice of Georgia is now loud ami strong in the condemnation j of this no party Administrating. But not only | in Georgia has this revolution taken place, hut ' also in Tennessee, Maryland and Pennsylvania. ' It is now almost a certainty that the democrats v.-ill have the majority in the next Congress. I if this should he the case, then tome of the fa^ vorite measures of the Administration will meet with that fate to which their intrinsic ! merit justly entitle them. Foil tick Kkonvek CoL'HIKn. Mksiis Editous:?r We are glad to j sec the people of (Greenville making "a long pull, a strong pull, and a pull altotrcther." to can v the Railroad from Co I . lunibia to their village. That the road I being extended to the village of Green* I villc will greatly benefit our District, 1 think no sane man will deny. Then what is the duty of our citizens? Why, surely to throw in their mite to aid in building it. Particularly is it a matter of interest to the citizens of the eastern side of our ! District, and I re gret to learn that some of tlie Anderson people; have taken ex| ceptious to your article sometime since | on this subject.. It is certainly the duty i of a paper to ..dvocate those measures ' that are libely to benefit the District, and j how any any people can object to a pa! per taking that course, is to ine strange l :~ T)..4 h .... 4 11.. _ i ; j)ium) it i?> 11tit11 i.s nitLiuaiiy a S('li lish being, and though Are arc willing that ! Anderson should l.ave j 'l possible credit for her efforts to builil tliis road, and not only the credit, but all the great advantages that are likely to result from the en tcrprise, yet we are unwilling that our ' District should pursue so suicidal a course | as to oppose the extension of the road to Greenville. We advocate the extension I of the road because it is our interest, iust I as Anderson made great exertions to have the road there, and as Greenville now making strenuous efforts to have a road to that place, yet must not advocate our interests, because they may to some extent interfere with the interests of Anderson. If the question of the route \va.^ open, we should vote for it to conic by ivnaerson \j. n. 10 urecnviiie, bcause this route would bring the road nearer our line than that from Brown's. Hut this question not being1 open, and the only matter for consideration, as we take it, being whether Greenville shall be allowed to unite with the Company at Brown's, then can any man in this District hesiate to advocate that union? For by that route, ns you have said, the road will cross Saluda ucar our lino, and run thence to Grccnvillo within eight or ton miles of dftt District line, for a distance of nbout^Wvtccn miles, the terminus being only four miles distant. Yet some say n...? *i ?i- :..i < -t i- - '* UKH I' IS ig inu IIIU.'USfc Ol I"4CK?'IIS UlilL the road should stop at Anderson. Jf tins be 11 fiu;i, it establishes a principle which the men who advance this idea do not believe. For by their words they 1.. - JL wtrild load us ti> believe that a road 00 miles distant Is as, yea more, beneficial, than one from ten to fifteen miles oil', and by tlicir actions contend that the nearer you bring a road to a community, the greater the advantage to that people me'.ruin is iimi eacn piace strives u> have tlic terminus of (he road, and these desire to get as many as possible to go their way; and v.e would say to the people of Pickens, go for that measure which is to your interests. It the Company refuse to allow Greenville to unite with them, do not he discouraged, if the Green ville people will go oil and builo a roua to their place from Laurens, help ther.. all you can, for the interests of that place and one half of our Distiict arc identified. Not having studied the economy of Railroads, we are not prepared to say in what maimer it will cffcct the Compatiy to allow the people of Greenville to unite at n ? mi _ .1 ...1 i it 1 !i *11 urown s. i ncrc is no uouui, mat u win add sonic additional expense, hut whctlr c.i the increase of the piofits on tbe road will not overbalance the expense is a matter we will leave to those more conversant with Railroads. SALUDA. Corrc poiuk-nce of the Charleston Courier. W I DIITV nl'A V D/it 1 n The political cast of Pennsylvania has no do'uht undergone a change. The Whigs here expected a Waterloo defeat of their ticket for the Legislature and Canal Commissioners!, and they will not be disappointed. Some of the IPhig papers undertake to account for tho late popular demr *nir 4\ 1 u?jii!> uyiuust uii; ;\ummihu.iui)ii <mu iiir Whig parly. Certain it is that most <>t the elections for Congress sin e J/areh fourth have gone against them. The Democrats attribute this to an ulledged transfer, by Gen. Taylor, of his powci and duties and judgment to his cabinet toall('.'/ed administrative errors, and to sir alleged inconsistency between the actt after, and the professions before the election of President. But the Whigs sa\ that it is owing to tin injudicious use ol the Executive patronage, whereby the administration has been weakened, instead of strengthened. The New Yorl< Courier <? Enquirer hints that there is loo mucn nepotism m tiie distribution ol office. (Jen. Taylor will probably commence his second tqurpn the 11th. It has been asked how he can leave public affairs'! The answer is that ho docs not leave them. He can give an order in Bos tor as well as in Washington, lie signed the Cuba Proclamation in Ilarrisburg.? Gen. Jackson issued the order for the removal of the deposites while in Boston, nn Iuq r^i'nn/1 fnin* | wrua. f Purser 1 Scale arrived here, thcothci day, with despatches from California. 11 is now quite certain that a State Constitution will he formed and Senators ii Congress chose.., and a Representative The illness of Thos. Butler Kinir will be much regretted. There lias been much remark here upon (lie attack made in the "Union" upon Mr. Kwing, relative to an alleged promise by him of nn office to Douglas, tho Florist, in consideration of obtaining a house from Dotifrlass at a low rent. It attract od more attention hero than gossip usually (loos, because it was known that Doughiss had authorised the publication in the "Union'1 and presented the facts, and offered to provo them. A vindication ol Mr. Ewing is, therefore, looked for. It will probably turn out, upon investigation, that Mr. Ewing was committed by the indiscretion of h.s agents to whom he left all the detail's of his business. We had a rumor, some tirno ago, that Mr. Ewing would not object to going tc Russia as Minister. For somo reason un explained, the Cabinet have left tlmt mission open. We have no diplomatic representative there, and cannot have (ill next spring, even if an appointment be made now. It is quite important that the President should appoint some one who will he likely to pass the ordeal of iho Senato. THE PHILADELPHIA RIOTS. A deplorable riot occurred in Phila oeipnia ?,tj uesaay night last, which resulted ia t?:c demolition of a black groggery and ot>er buildings, particularly offensive to the moral tastes of <v lawless band named Killers, who resisted, the efforts of the firemen to extinguish the Hames of the bur ing buildings. As no effective police forcc could quoll the outbrer the military wor3 called out, wh< succeeded in dispersing them for n time, though not until many persons were kill(>i\ jiimi The Bulletin of Thursday morning say*: "Quiet continued until about 0 o'clock this morning' when the ominous eight Zaps of the .State House bell announced another riot. TTris second outbreak commenced about 0 o'clock, when the hose of the Afori\* Hose. Company, which wit doiliif Kf?rvif<> nn (l?n oc/>nn #.f moo o ?/-""" ? V..W "V1/IIV VI * CIO cut. This whs a signal fyr the rioters U) , ? I rnmmMMn ?in nccmilf ?...i ?... llliWAUdld <lIIU. I stones wire hurled by iliem 1st the lirej nion, :uul firearms wero used with considerable effect* several persons be;ng woun- | (led. The Mayor, Sheriff, and police were soon 011 the ground, and succeeded in restoring order. Afuyor <S'wift, himself, who arrived before the military, arrested two men." vve <ind by tlio following despneh In the Baltimore Sun of October 11 tlx that the military arc still on duty. ! "The disturbed district'?from Shippen to Pine, and from fifth to seventh streets , ?is still invested by the military, though nothing has occurred to disturb the peace since their arrival. The force on duty yesterday and last night con listed of about 250 men under Col. Hohlen, and they were this morning relieved by about the same number from the second bri ,,i l ..c /-i 1 i? - '.iviv; iiiiut-i tuui.-tmiu <ji vXUIlvrill JlClt. [From the Columbia Trlc<jra])h,\ IMPORTANT FROM TURKU V, PROBABILITY OF WAR. Hangary.?CJ rcat Confusion prevails at Comorn, the ofliccrs and men arc in a j state of despair, and are convinced that resistance to the combined forces of Austria and "Russia is useless. Georgey's conduct has tended to increase this state of feeling?lie is censured by the London AVmv>\ which stales that Kossuth, Hem and Bembnski, are at Whildou, in complete destitution. Jiasntu.? A letter from Constantinople, of the 12th Sept. Declares that the Czar, uses no argument at that Court, to enforce his demand for the Hungarian re tiujec.s now at Whllden, hut should, cm; 1 of them escape lie would consider it a cause of war. If the Sntfun did not reply definitely to his aid he threatens to i return to Warsaw. The Sultan still peiv i sists in his resolutions sustained by his foreign Minister the grand Vizier Manotn, 1 ot All Pacha, but the majority pf his Council are alarmed at the threats of {-lie v zur, ;ina no oincuu announcement or uvi Council's deci>ion has as yet been made, i I There is reason to beljovo that tlvp Turkish government, urged on by thfe English and French Envoys, would refuse j complianctiuwith the Ofcnr's demand. It f is also thomjht (hat the Cznr will actual. ly declnro war in that case, although nearly all the Turkish fleet is in the Golden Horn, ready for action, and could defend ; 1 the entrance of the Ilorpborus, yet the Turkish Army is insignificant, compared ! to that which the Czar could command in . a very lew days. , i Sixty thousand Turkish troops have ' been concentrated near and around Coiir .' stantinople, but tho English flccl could , ! not reach the Golden Horn under sixteen [ or eighteen days; while the Russian navy . could enter the Bosporus in twenty-four houfs. 'I'he greatest anxiety prevails amongst all classes, the majority l>eing opposed to war, as fatal to their commerce, f, Among the refugees at Whelden avp . pome British subjects, as also Generals , Guyon, Longinotte, and General O'Donnell. liaTi.itoat) SrnvKv.?We may now . sing To Ti iumphe! for the survey is said to i completed through from Greenville C. , If. t) Dr. Brown's, with the most splenI Hid success nnd irmfiMnn rPK/? ... h , *..<> . distance is about 20 miles instead of .'J 7 . miles orice found. Not only in tho dis. tance consists the success of the survey; . most of it is unsurpassed for its.favorable j levels, and at no point will CNcocd forty feet grade to the mile; and - "haps there will he only two or three miles on tho , route which will approach even that height. We have not as yet the c'aleu> lations before us, nor the estimates, but , the probability is that the Greenville subscription will be brought up fully to tho nmount required to build the whole lino , from Dr. Brown's to the Village, without . estimating any share of the tftate stock, | urcenvmt Mountaineer. Nkw Discovery in Aonicur.trre.--An extraordinary fact was mentioned the oth, er day at the sitting of the Academy of Sciences. One of the members of tho ' agricultural society of Brest hud xipoii the proposition of a member of the committee, sown somo wiieat upon larnj without nny preparation of pl6uglviftg digging, and in one of the worst soils hos.sible, and after having merely walked over tho ground to press the grain on lite surface, had it covered with fresh .^mw , | to the thicknesa of two indhefc. 'fHe ptoy , duct was,"it is asserted, m< j abtihdfii^l , and much superior in quality to wheat f raised from the same seed in the ofdlntfry way. Some oars of corn, tho seed of , which had heen placed upon window,-' glnss covered with straw, wero alsd exhibitcd. A N kw Work uy Mr. C AtiioyN!-? Tlio New York Courier understand* that tho Messrs. Harper will publish befoh) a grea*. while, from the pen ofjqhn C. vflthoun. n Treatise on the Klomentavy prirtcilplcs of Government and the Constitution of (ho United States; and that it iss6 eotii nletc, that he expets to prendre it iWjnib j iication in his leisWlc houfri (Hnilig Umt coming session of Congress'" ? I- w r ? ; .?}?/ft* \V> '