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A Family Companion, Devoted to Literature, Miscellany, News, Agriculture, Markets, &c Vol. XVII. NEWBERRY, S. C., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 17, 1881. No. 33. TIE Ri RALL IS PUDLISI ?D &YERAY WEDNESDAY MOPQNIING, At Newberry, S. U. BY. T H09, F. GRNRKRR, Editor and Proprietor. * Terms, $!. 0 per JiuMM Invariably in Advance. 8Y' The paper is stopped at the expiration c time for which it is paid. t7 - The 4 mark denotes expiratiou of sal cription. W'atclhes, ClocAs, Jewelry. WARD~ES 1DJ\1EL1 At the New Store on Hotel Lot. I h the nIow on band a lurge and elegan' as3 rt.;nent of *WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY Silver and Plated Ware, VIOLIN AND GUITAR STRINGS, SPECTACLES AND SPECTACLE CASES, WEDDING AND BIRTHDAY PRESENTS. IN ENDLESS VARIETY. All orders by mail promptly attenied to. Watchnakins and Repairing Done _Cheaply snd with Dispatch. b ail and examine my stock and prices. EIIUARD SCHULTZ. Nov. 21. 47-tf. .l2seum"0us. M -TO IIEIYIoUy I ny iifli pesDALRI t the Rll nArKIL' f needed sent free. Addres Stinson & Co.: Portland, Maine. Oct. 13, 4~-1y. BELOW COST. WORTH FOI Manual of Discipline, Methodist,$i.~MJ $ .5t Paine's Life of McKendre,2 ols. 4.00 2AM Ecce Ecelesia................1.75 1.0( Rivers' Elements of Mental il A POETICAL WEDDING. A rnmantic couple were united in Ohio by the following poetical ceremony : MINISTER. This woman wilt thou have, And ch:erishher for lite; Wilt love and confort her: And seek no other wife? HE. This woman I will take That stands lZeside me now; 1'll find her board and clothes, And have no other "frow." MINISTER. And for your husband will You take this nice young man. Obey his slightest wish, } And love him all you can? SHE. I'll love him all [ can, Obey him all Ichoose, And when I ask for funds C He never must refuse. MINISTaR. Then you are man and wife, And happy may you be! As many be your years As dollars is my fee! t IMMIGRATION. l Aaper Read at Greenville, S. C., JuIy 26, 1881, at a Meeting of the State Agricul- f tural Society and State Grange, by James McIntosh, of Newberry, S.C. Mr. President and Gentlemen: The economies of public weal and welfare are subjects of practi- v ea! interest at all times, and sho:uld be approached in a spirit free from all locai and individual preconcep- s tions, and considered with the broad and liberal purpose of dis- ! covering that. whieb is for the greatest good to the many. And with the hope, Mr. Presi dent, that we may now take up v the subject of immigration in that spirit. I shall offer the following suggestions and remarks, expect ft a ing frut: the discussion to follow there will result a better under stand Iog and a full t..ppreciat ion of the im'portanice of this snbject ~ of Imigizration. For whethe.r we view it in its soc!ial its industrial, ~ its financial, or its political aspects, ~ it presents under each one of these heads problems worthy of a serious and thoughtful considera tion, and opens to our view what are destined to be the most im portant factors in the future wel p fabre and development of the State.. We can at present consider but U few of these heads. And I pro- ~ pose to confine my remarks to the b subject of Immigratiof: the room d for it, how to induce it, and the1 benefits resulting therefro m. Whatj immigration has done, what itr has achieved for this country, is an accomplished fact: and from what has been done in the past' t we can safely draw'conclusions as to the future. If any one opposes immigration ~ upon' the grounds of its doubtful good results,1I would~ ask him who has developed this country. His answer could be naught else than the immigrant and his descend ants. Now if the immigrant who came ither two hundred years ago and settled this country and had their numbers constantly aug merunted by new arrivals have t developed a covlntry and people ~ second to none, and m&de this development from an incongruous gathering, shall we with our d social and legal restraints well deined not be enabled to receive new cowers now. And just as the body assimilates the different kinds of food into good and proper nourishment, assimilate into the r body politic these immigrants from different lands, and make them grood cit izets, accommo dating themselves to our laws and modes of life. We certainly have a fairer p)rospect of success than our fat hers had. it has been a success in the past, and if taken I hold of properly now, will be a success in the future. . As one of the elements thben ~ conducive to this success let us consider the question, if there is room in this State for Immigrants, I then how best we can induce this Immigration. It I were to ask any one present I ~ho has traveled to this meeting from the seaboard-from the mastrn middle or western nor tion of the State, if he saw room or Immigrants, the reply would )e 'yes.' 'We looked over hun reds yea thousands and tens of housands of acres that are wait ng for the husbandman.' If we will only take the trouble ,o look over the late census re ,urns we can find facts there that 6ill even demonstrate this more )ointedly to you than the ocular lemonstration you have had. The irea of South Carolina is computed It 34,000 square miles, or 21,760, 100 acres. Now our population lumbers 995,622 which will give -ou about 30 inhabitants to the quare mile, or say one inhabitant o every 22 acres. Then in South arolina there is ovor 20 acres of and to eaclh man, woman, and hild within her limits. Now if e take into consideration the opulation of our cities and towns nd villages, the professional men, he teachers, the mechanics and he men of all trades through he country, and then allowing or children and women in 1ho gricultural districts working as rm hands, we shall have a )borer to about 120 acres of 2. This shows we are not crowded, r when we look over to Belgium nd see that there is only 1 2-5 cres to each inhabitant, to En land with only 1j acres, to Italy vith only 2 2.5 and to Germany rith only 31, while here we have 2, a good deal of elbow room, so uch so that we could well have everal Immigrants sandwiched etween every native, withont here being any danger of their Ibows touching, or of their tread ig on each other's toes. But we eed not go to the old world ; re find in Massachusetts one in abitant to 2 6-8 acres, in New 'ork one to 5, Ohio one to 8 cres. Now these figures as to our 1 ant population in comparison to ese populous eoantries should< rouse our landowners to look at is subject in its industrial lights, s well as its pecuniary results. 'he price of Land necessarily de- 1 ends on the demand for the same,i nd the demand comes from the opulation. Double your popula on and you will find that you I adruple instead of doubling the I rice of your land. PoprJation icreases in two ways; by the nat ral way and by immigration. ar increase by natural means has 1 een slow; it has not equalled the 1 emand, and there is only one ay in which it can be quickened, hat is by immigration. Nowv our trmers and landowners should se that the only way to bring t ito market and make available I bese 120 acres that they have to very laborier -is to take steps to acrease immigration. If you wish o sell your land increased populIa-1 ion increases its value. If you ly wish to rent, you ilil be etter off with two, three or four enants than you can be with one. nd there is this law of population which may be put down as infalli-i le, that as population increases adestry is naturally diversified ; *nd the farm feels it ? much as ny of the other departments of1 e industries of life. And the armers of this State would find v'itb an increased population such demand for diversified farm pro. nts that the size of their one orso farms would diminish at ee, for he would be engaged in aising crops requiring so much ore attention than the same tmber of acres in cotton and corni equire, that the laborer could1 inly cultivate a much smaller tumber of acres. Now we come to consider the uesion how to induce immigra ion. And in attempting to turn t. of its accustomed chanInels a iortioni of the tide of emigrration owrds our owvn State, there .are o doubt many diffleulties and >bstcles to be overcome. And it cannot be done without vork,intelligent met.hodised effort mder a sagacious manage ment, vith a liberal outlay of montey. ['he limited approp)riation made ry the Legislature at its last ses tion is bearing abundant fruit. Under a wise management an, m ga t ion .Snn'-intenldenft has been appointed arrangements already effected ii securing and forwardinng from Castle Garden, N. Y., to Columbia, any immi grants wanted as laborers. Cheap rates of transportation arranged with the Railroad and Steamship lines from New York to Columbia, so that the adults' fare is but $10.00, children from 5 to 12 years only $500, and those under 5 years free. And with a building secured as a temporary home in Columbia, and cheap rates for boarding; and the fares on our State Railroads reduced to a mini mum; we have an Immigration Bureau in good working order ready to supply any class of labor ers wanted, at .ucb small cost, that already during the few months of its existence 500 immi grants have been settled in the state. This may look small but when we consider that the census Df 1880 only showed 7,641 foreign born inhabitants this may be but t beginning that will swell that number, -o that when another cen us is taken those few thousands l ill be hundreds of thousands. But we want not only laborers, but those emigrants who reach :ur shores with means and money to invest in lands and homes; these are the immigrants we want, ad to reach this class the opera tions of the Immigration Bureau must be extended. For at pres -nt from the small appropriation it the disposal of the Immigration Bureau they have not the means to get up the statistics and proper data which decide these immi trants in their selections of locali ties for homes. This can only be done through a liberal appropria io- by our next Legislature. And the Immigration Bureau having the advantage of being able to profit by the experience of the )ther States already engaged in his work will avoid much of the iseless expense attending untried yxperiments. For these States, and the trunk lines of IRailroads eading West from New York, iave for years been spending hir money freely in bringing to he attention of the immigrant 11l the advantages other sections ~ossess. They have hooks, pam >lets and railroad maps carefully >repared for free distribution. de cribing all the Counties of their state, the soil, the climate, the >opulation, the productions, the nanufacturing advantages, the ninoral deposits, in fine anything ikely to attract an emigrant's eye nd these are not only given to ,e emigrant upon his arrival in ew York, but, in the hands of ,rusty agents, are distributed on iip-board, at all the sailing ports tnd even amid the hamlets of the ural population in the old world. 3o thaL one desirious of einigra ing can with little or no trouble >rocure one of these pamphlets >efore he leaves home to seek his ~ortune in a strange land ; can tudy the country he proposes to make his future home, And count ng up his money he can even efore starting map out his ex enses. So much for travelling, o much for land, so much for a eam, so much for farming utensils, so much for the first year's sup ort, as this pamphlet often ap roximates the cost of each of bese items. So with all this in ormation before hand the party lecides to seek a new home, when without it his careful training and babts of saving would have kept him from running the unknown risks of an emigrant's life. Now uo such inquiries in regard to our tate but little information can be ;iven. We have such a pamphlet n preparation by our Agricultural Bureau. It should have a large irculation;,in fact s uch apamphlet would give valuable information to many of the residents of tbe State itself, and if distributed hrough many of the Northern and North western States would be the means of bringing to the ittention of' many seeking new homes the advantages our State possesses and thus induce the im migration of' a class more valuableI than any foreign element we can! reach. It should also be printed in different languages and sent especially to those coun tries w hich ,, tAmmhIiSione of I mmigramom shall select as the most advanta geous to induce immigration from. And special immigrant rates might be made with the Ocean Steamship lines and Railroads to and from New York and Charles ton, so that the expenses of trans portation might be reduced to the minimum. For the securing of cheap transportation is quite an item to the immigrant selecting a location for a home, as well as to the firmer who must advance the cost of transportation of any im migrant coming to him as a laborer. This pamphlet to answer the purpose, should have a complete map of the State, with a descrip tion of each county and its cli ma te. For our State, though smail in area, combines every variety cf climate between her sea coast and and mountain range. And can furnish a home for the European Immigrant approximating his old one; whether be comes from the bleak shores of Sweden or the sunny slopes of Italy. Its pro ductions too should be mentioned, for with this varied climate and varying altitude above the sea level are grown products of quite as varied a nature. Cotton might be put down as the staple crop, and one secure it from the ravages that attend it in warmer latitudes, but at the same time corn, rice and the cereals are also all our standard crops,with vegetables, vines and fruits of all kinds growing in profusion, lum ber and minerals in abundance. And one important point worthy of mention, that we have water communication and rail road fa cilities to all points. To an emigrant going west as sound advice as can be given him is to examine his location as much with regard to rail road facilities, as to the fertility of the land itself. With us the transportation ques tion is of small moment, the se lection of a bome can be made anywhere. This point also should not be lost sight of, that in giving the price of land in this State, it is of land having rail road facilities, with as a general thing more or less improvements upon it. Such land as out West would be classed as improved and be rated at from $10 to $20 per acre. We have no land so destitute c,f market fa cilities as much of that in the West~ which is offered at $2.50 per acre. And the iman'gaant seeking a home should consider that though he may in the wilds of the far West procure land at a cheap price that will bring him thirty to forty bushels of corn or wheat, that those are their only crops While in this State he can diversi fy his crops if be chooses, and if he makes only 10 to 12 bushels of corn, be can sell that corn at from seventy-five cents to one dollar per bushel and is realizin.g really more money than the Western man who sells for from 25 to 33 cets per bushels. And besides we are a:pt to rate the productions of these Western lands too high. Asin Western Oregon the average yield is put at 20 bushels in Min nesota at 16 bushels, in Dakota at 25 to 28 bushels on the large im proved farms and not more than 15 or 16 'on the average farms. Withs the difference in price the balance stands in our favor as to the net results, for the cost of transportation far more than makes up thbe difference, of produc tion, especially when you get a vay from railroad communication. This is the strong point that the lands in the older States have to put as a set off against the cheap Government and State lands in these new States, which can be bought from 80 cents to $2 50. It is that these lands generally lack railroad facih ties, and often the most advantageous situations have already been bought up by specu lators and held at a large advance upon the Governmuent price. Now our State has but little land that she could put upon the market at at a low price, but what she has might be utilized in this way as much as possible. Every piece of State land might be surveyed, and when in larger bodies than 40 acre tracts should be cut up into lots of 40 acres each. These then sh.ud h notkr-t t bonna fide im migrants at a very nominal price, part to be paid when he takes possession, and the balance at the end of three years, if he has been in continous occupation of the land and improved it to a certain extent. With this proviso that he has no right in or title to this land to dispose of it until he has been in actual residence upon it for three years. Our Commissioner of Immigra tion could easily have a descrip tion and survey made of these lands, and call special attention to them in the pamphlet he is to issue. And again every immigrant pur chasing State land, or land from a private individual, might by Legis lative enactment be exempt from the payment of taxes upon such land for a period of three yea-rs provided such land does not ex ceed in value $300.00. Again there are many parties in the State owning large bodies of land which they are ready to sell, and they find no purchasers. If these parties would have their lands surveyed and divided up into smaller tracts and descriptions of them sent to the Commissioner of Immigration, with an offer to sell even alternate sections it would be a mutual benefit both to the land owner and to the immigrant, as in the one case purchasers would be found, and in the other a wider field secured for the immigrant to make a selection from. And just hero I would say if we would reap the full advantages of immigration and retain within our borders all who come to us, it is important to hold out to all some inducement for securing a home eventually. If the immigrant comes merely as a laborer, a stranger speaking in a strange language and unable to hold converse with those around him, it is but a natural sequence that a time of despondency should come ; when his longings go back to the Father-land ; when a feel ing of dissatisfaction with his sur roundings takes hold upon him ; and a restless desire for change will if he is a laborer by the month or day make him seek that change, for he has nothing at stake, no thing to lose by the change. But if, instead, he has anything in vested in a home; if he has made a contract that gives him some interest in his home. he is inter ested to that amount, and that interest, be it ever so little, will iake him east these r-epinings behind his back and cling to his new home. And if' our farmers who take these immigrants when they come as laborers, unable to b'ay a piece of land, and will make contracts with them for a period of years, with the proviso that if' the immi grant stays the time out, he will own in fee simple his; house and say 5 or 10 acres; he would find that this tenant wonld look upon every monthb of his stay as an in vestment in that parcel of land, and very soon would he be loth to leave a place in which he has acquired au interest, greater or' less according to the time spent upon it. And the farmer would feel assured that as soon as this tenant comes into possession of his land he will have a purchaser for those acres lying contiguous to it, and the increased price at which he could either~ sell or rer.t it to thrifty tenants would far more than repay him for the few acres he had originally settled his tenant upon. And again with such interested tenants around him he would be in a measure freed from that annual bugbear of the farmer's life at present, the securing of hands at the com mencement of the year to work is land. Now there is another point I would like to call attention to; it is the benefits to be derived from immigration- The beneficial r.e. suIts of' immigration have been so marked in the advance and im provement of many of the sections of the United States that it is imr possible to gainsay them. Take the State of Necw York ; by the ensus of 1880, 31 per cent. of' the population is foreign born. Where would the marvellous pros .eiii of that S'ate be itf she was without this i of her population ? Massachusetts owes her prosperi ty to her 33 per cent. o foreign born population ; so does Illinois with her 23 per cent. And the Northwestern States, as Michig4n with her 31 per cent., Wisconsin with her 44 per cent., and Minne sota with her 52 per cent., give evidence of what immigration has done in building them up. And the United Statec as a whole, with 15 per cent. of her entire population foreign- born, gives evidence of what a power immigration still exerts in the developing of her varied indus tries. Now, gentlemen, what percent age of this benefit has fal!en to the share of our State? We answer none-absolutely none. The cen sus returns of 1880 show 7,641 foreign born persons in South Carolina only 7-10 of 1 per cent. as foreign born. New York shows 31 per cent. South Carolina ie.s than 1per cent. New York is throbbing with life, along her rivers, her lakes, her canals, her magnificent rail roads ; new enterprises are daily springing up within her borders. South Carolina is only beginning to arouse herself to the conscious ness of her needs of life, energy and capital. Now will any one deny that im migration is the factor which is developing New York, and if it is still developing as old a State as Niew York what is to keep it from doing the same for us, if it is properly encouraged and fostered in the future? All that has been accomplished in this State for the last twenty years, has been done by her native population. Sup pose for a moment she had gotten during this period, her share of this foreign born population, it would have added to her numbers some 140,000 whites. Can you estimate what the advantages re sulting therefrom would have been ? Politically we would have had another member of Congress, and been of that much more im portance in the Congress of the States; and in the State would have had that numerical white strength that would already have settled one of the problems that now con fronts us witb the ever recurring race issue. Like Banquo's ghost this issue will not down' at our bidding, for it's a terribly live ghost, and with threatening finger casts a dark shadow over every pic ture that we may draw of the fo ture of our State. This ghost should be laid, gentlemen ; the relative increase of the two races will never lay it, you can only lay it by increasing your white population. And this alone im migration can do for you. And financially we could bardly estimate wvhait would have been the outcome, from the capital and labor- thus introduced amongst us. This tide of emigr-ation from the old world is something :anmost marvelous. In the decade from 1870 to 1880, some 2,812,177 emni grants landed in the Western States. And already for the past~ six months of this year the arri vals amount to 241,863, almost a quarter of a million, a number largely in excess of the arrivals during any preceding six months, and the feeling of dissatisfaction in England, Ireland and Germany is stronger than it ever was and constantly sending to our shores many of their valuable citzens, pos-f sessed of considerable means often able to buy land and build com. fortable bomes, and most all these immigrants come with their points for locating already determined on and settle down where the severties of a northern winter or the hardships of frontier life far more than counterbalance the! cheapness of the land, or any other advantages those sections possess compared to the South. And there is no one to set forth the claims of our Southern clime and point out to them properly the advantages we can offer. it does seem to me, gentlemen, that. this meeting gives you a most opportune time to memorialize the: Legislature. to increase the appro priation for the Immigrati on Bu-1 reau, so it can be put at once upon Sanf ive working footing.: Advertisements inserted at the rate j "51.00 per square (one inchl) for first insertiot an i 7:i cents for e::chi subsequent inisert'O, l)onh e colunin adivertiseents ten per ce"u:. VII above. Notices oI IneetiItgs, obituaries and trihut( s of respect, samen rates ner square as ordinl) advertisements. ISrwPri:i1 Notices in Local column l5 cent per line. Advertisemients not marked with the nutr h2r of nse-'~ - will he kept in till forhi(i and charged accordingly. Special contracts made with large adver tisers, with liheral deductions on abiove rates JO B .PRI.TI r. r EWIH -NEATNESS AND DISPATCH TERMS CASH. Our Legislature will find the p)opuIlar feeling more in aecord upon this subject than ever before, and ready to approve of a mode rate outlay of money in this direc tion. And this outlay wtll have the sympathy and assist,:nce tat capital secbing investment here can give. Our mnuufacturing in dustries arnd Rail Roads will work in uniscia with it. The Rail Roads South seeing what advantages the great trunk lines North have reaped with cheap immtigrant rates, not only from the vast numbers passing over their lines, but from the ship ments of supplies made to supply the wants of the icnmigrants as wvell as the carrying the prcducts of his labor to market, have under a wise management offered the same facilities to the immigrant coming South. A new feature*in our South Atlantic Rail Roads, and we will soon find them work ing band in hand with the State authorities and will see their Rail ~portinn oi a County, where the land is divided up ibto small farms and cultivated in great measure if not en tirely by white labor. And see if you ~ ~