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- s Do~rams A YEAI FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF USEFUL INTELLIGENCE. [INVIABtY IN ADVANCE. TOL WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 5, 1868. 4wMEHERALD, * - 1S PUBLiRD - T XZEY WEDNESDAY MOMNOG, e * AtlNewberr .. 'A lawS I. 40L. 3LGIRP PaR ANI(W, IN CURWCY OR r MVISMNs. * -wWquwinFav=d0Iyft advance. Neees, emfI %vtati6nw, Obf-, Cop4==is=M.s =abEering private -s abarget asn advertisemeiat. b rzW"M N"rbeww UeW4 I Cotten and the Sot. - .The argument - used in 4yxt ,,gAg ye" when. the etton &4wing Statee were in their glory, that "Cotton ws King," and-that whenf they eeaked gDowing it, that MQ006t6 fomine would be~the re- 1 , a'd revolutons tow. in E- 1 f hse ,Aved to he. de&idsd Aise. The ting has been-tho- I roe ,est&sd-he-famino an<'f6 re biUton to be prodaemf is,over, semdgone, and the Cotton States. I have lost all the influence and pow- 2 or thy ot3ee possesed in this arti- ' a England imported in 1860 . the enormous import of 1391 Mil ,ivA efp""nds of ootou. -7 1866 . -' iiiported ove 'hadred .and AmMly oe:milUoas of--pounds more i tham in- 1869, and within fourteen t 40ubiefthat of 186 t .546aeh-for the snpply; let no t] see wl was the proportion of b al&ates before the war and I .ioe .t.a the ten years, 1851 to C 6, the aggregate imports to Bng- -s . aoAeD tOten thogan ti ;qid a-Millions of pount. Of this W, -Asiwf-ted States ixpoted thence'a v*lOw-thesand sevon-hundred and i seventy inillions, being 77 2-3 per tt Cent of the total. . piig. eepof tht ,gr. with -he resbrre amounted t 4a.ijy 37 3-4 per cent of. the Bri- S 4i.mports of that year. From I hlow's Review and Hunt's Mer:-. X hebt's Magaziue, we kave the re of eotton receipts in the port ft of Liverpoo to a very recent date. w the 1st Jaauay tiL the 3d 1 .Otober) 1867, the_tWtal imports it mwe 2,714,426 bales, of this, 1,0871 la -70.were from the United States- i .js$ 48 per cent. Now, as con- E sampnosIf as a great many>peo. a: -'es *ithin our knowledge are dis- ti posed to treat~ the subject, that eamver- iaiee Cotton, it is an un- e deniable fact that they have fur- c, nihed'aeriy si eo~the reining -t< -WJh eent., while the growthbof A -tb tdide in these countries, since ~c< the outbreak of the wfar has been ti wonderfurlly rapid, and what is s< .ptiM more noticeable is its steadi- e< ss since the termination of the h, wa i Now it is also~ te-t pt ti 1869, cotton, other than frosa'thD a UmeeStates, had..never weached above 300 miNiousr of pouinds per . esant. At that time and since, d ifNandslhus: ,sss n.a...sais s n * tis as plain as the nose on one's t * ee- (from the startement above) n ttWat these countries, India, Egypt, I b 4 ave fumnished to the British al 'Goement a larger amount of nI oetton during the las't three years , tv tha the cotton growing States! to over eee previone to the year;m 1859, being an -increase in six a years of 211 1-2 per cent. The t greatest growvth of American sup- pf ply in any six years was not quite W ge per cent. A period, says the or National American, embracing sy comparatively a deficient year to' ar begin with and ending with the' m enormous export year 1860. No os other six years could show an in crease.of even fifty per cent. g Now in these countries cotton al can be grown infinitely cheaper w than at present or ever hereafter w in the Southern States, conse- h quently they can afford to sell at se prices which is ultimately bound or to cripple, if not crush out this in- er dustry among us. n From the prices which we lay e before our readers, gathered from 1 eelebrated- commercial magazines 1 and papers, it will be seen that as i tbey.ha*e held their own against 1 us so far, they will be likely to I 0ontiano it. - The-average rates of- Egyptian I -otton at Liverpool were, in 1860, 1 3d. per lb.: in 1861, 9d.; 1862, 15&; 1 t863, 22id; 1864, 27d; on t.e 6th I Dctober, 1865, 201d; on the Sd < Xetober, 1866, 12d; on 3d October 1867, 6f, aud on the same day, I Tew Orleans Middlin.g had gone a lown to 8)4 from its average at a 9d, in the year 1864. As with Egyptian, so .with In- I Ha and Brazil Cottons; they due-. I ,ated in prioe. -'They rose in pro- t *rtion to ihUir irt-Dn6i vale, 6nd fell .aecordingly. Neverthe- t ess, we have retureda-gain to the t tulti'vation of otten; they hold t he ground whicli they have e rained in the marts of Europe. or is there any, proiabiity that, s inder existing oirctrmatandzes, no b riatter w1at turfr of aftirs, in'ter- t ratrevone off or on, thut the cot- 1h o StateS en dislodge theTin and n clpy thervood sopremaey. '"The. b rheel lit been broken at the cis- n ern." It was p.rices that gave e hm the advantage, and which .h bey can -maintain, and nothing a at priees egn take it from them. t 'he question must be then, who %n raise it cheapest.? We abredy ,e -that a low rate has notaffected iem. The cotton -rop of 1860 s -#,669,77- bWles ; the sbare of ieUihed Sfates in the Britsh. aperts was 801 per cent, During iat year American Coiton averL o4d .; they had not hen'bo tn wiure-etn importe int<r ke Eaglish ports from the United h ates, has noz gone above 40- per mt, Lact has 6earely exceeded r pct eent of the English supply, ". th.oaig it has been decliningm om1oSdper 1b>. Now, can tu e z0ord to raise ootton-&s it stood in MO.6id. If this cannot bedQae, la is aparent to the di llest. ealeu tor, the limit of its market in arope is fixed to about one half, rel)ess-of the proportion it for erly held ic the other cottons of ie world.d The cotton growers Irere, the in: Aligard ones,.-know thiat, wheri in >ttop is.bringing say SId. or 171 mnts,in. Liverpool, -the nett yield m sthe grower is about 12 cents.tl t no t;ime previous to the war - mi1d cotton be raised without ac- c La loss, at 6 cents per pound. If di e, with all the advaniages afford- a I by the inetitution (of slavery,we , >nestly ask, the nodding, know- c g.ones,.if itean be raised for less ~ap 12 cents now or hereafter. al ithout loss ? di During the existence of slavery, sr rty dollars a year, and in hun- re 'ed's of instances, thirty dollars y ould cover all the expenses of a se ild slave laborer. Even this low ci te of expense was lessened by w, le value of his increase which ni it only replaced the capital sunk m rhis death, but went far to~ pay he L the e.xpenses of his' mainte- th mece during life. If he left but Sc ro descendants behind him, < nea replace himself', and the other he te, if worth $1000 over and su ove the cost of' raising him, lai renty years or more of the ex- co nse he had been to his owner ur is repaid. The slave system up re e side and own the other,was a mn stemn of work without wages-t d work very nearly in many, in any cases, free of cost to the to e'ner. ta The institution of slavery has nc ne by the board. And with it or t the advantages connected there- 1l< ith. With its destruction the pli tnts and needs of' the laborer wI .ve increased. Consequently his ed 'rices cannot be obtained at $30 wi $40 a year. Experienced farm- of s and planters of this section tell m: the cost will vary from $135 to eri 60 a. year. A longr with this in.. nn rease-comes the increase of every ling else, from the rough con itructed hoe-handle, the work of .he slave in the days of slavery, to he cotton gin and cotton press. 'he cost of production must there ore be dou61e, if not more, than hat of the period when 6 cents >er pond would not pay expen ie. ,In the days of 'slavery the >wner raised his own bog and ,ominy, at least, many did. She aid out no money to the laborer, nd if the season was unfavorable mnd the crops fell short, or the rice of cotton became exceeding y low, he would shape his ex oenses and curtail- his allowances 6 bWslaves to suit the exigencies f the tirmes. Btit he cann-ot do his now, favorable -or unfavora le, he will have to pay as lie con racts. Money- has now to be, paid ut. Taking everything into (on ideratioi, we think we can safely Fy that cotton eannot be raised y the Southern plan'ter at less ban 12 cents per pound, without )ss. -We eannot say that it will ot go less in England than it has een. Whatever ativatge we ay have-once- possessedin the :si of growing the article, we ave lost forever. We h4ve no Ivantage now over our rivals in ie worli's markets. We are disposed to think and gne, that, though we made a de ded failure.in the attempt, that, Dwever it will turn out yet, an -onomic and industrial revAlution, .ing Cotto has been dethroned,. id -mast take. his rank -hereafter one of th# *;iseellanios -of ari 1oe. Eis Ringsp .is.Igne, eiwle wg "'Ieddt infetidr 4a$ f it yhokii not icounter a foreign pioduct at Dme. The revolution th:tt has ssed, has not' only politically, cially, and morally revolution ed the country, but it has com ereially, financiilly and agricul rally also produced a correspond g change, throughout the entire nd. During the days of slavery, me can dispute, but that the uthern States did so far confine temselves exclusively to cultiva e of TarW prodnets for exporta an, and were so entirely depen Lint upon~ the . and W. States,for teir surplus of other commodities, ainiost every department, that ey _afforded -them a- mark-et any times greater in amount can all the world togethier. Bct chiange, a mighty change, has ime over the spirit of th-eir -eam. They will and must here ter diversify their products. The nsequence will be, they will be me so far self-sustaini-ng and self pplying, that those States must so change their system or pro iction, and hunt up other eon miers for their commodities. Al ady the Northern, Eastern and estern States are beginning nsibly to feel the effects of this ange. The Western and North estern States which once fur shed the South with horses, les, hogs, cattle, corn and flour, se experienced it more heavily an the other sections. The uthern States, though slow to >preciate the condition of affairs, Lye had light thrown upon the bject, by the experience of the at year, particularly, and are now mmencing to wake up, and to derstanid, that it will not do to iy upon cotton, but that they Lst diversify their products to e extent of rendering themselves iependent. They will now learn raise their own wheat, corn ,po oes, beef; nork, horses, &c., and matter what opposers may say think, they will be forced to k out for a market for the sur us of those products, for which, iile slavery existed they depend upon the Western and North istern States. In the language the National American, "that irket they will find in the East ra States and in South America, dl the Tslands of the South At lantic. Ocean. Both in point of time, of harvest and vicinity to the sea, they are between the great West and its old customers. of which that greAt West, still so confident of its superior agricultu ral conditions, will have an early and convincing notice. The Southern States can. never prosper, if they persist in strug. gling to live as in the days of the old regime. It is kicking -against the pricks. Said a farme, to us recently, we are obliged to raise cotton to pay our debts. Who can pay his debts? We make the as sertion boldly that I of the people of this State to-day. -if sold out, could not.by any ineans pay tiventy cents on the dollar. Pay mnt by raising cotton! What an absurdi ty! If the ncgroe, do not half Work, is said,-and if cott.on can not b od ced at a cost' of less than twelve cents per lb.,and the price to be procured is only twelve cents, we woud like to know-by what .process a man cankeep out of debt, or how any planter can manage -to. pay 'his old.-debts? This argument revninds us of the anecdote of the three sharpers who were confined in prison,-neither of the three having a cent in b'is pock et; yet when released, they had each five dollars in cast -which they had made, one off the other. We can as well understand -this, as we can the other. -For any man at the present time, when the South has IQst -the su premacy in th6 growth dUthe. ar ticle, cotton, to presumeshe can raieitehaprby--free negro Ia air at 150.a year', at.the South, Affan it can he.gaiser Inia (in, andhere labor scarcely exceeds the cost of ten cents a day, is the height of. -nonsense,-the veriest adsurdity. Aod for men to say ihat cotton raising in for eign countries will have to be aban doned, and to "humbug" them selves with the delusive idea that the South is the only place where it, can be raised, is like - the mirage of the desert that deceives the thirsting traveller, the pursuit of which leads-to destruction. The progress of agriculture has been slow in these States, but a new era has now commencedl. The old worn out systems of culti vation which was followed by father and son, and from genera tion to generation, are now to be swept away and science is to take the place in aid of ihone:st industry. The effects of this revolution will force upon all, the policy of a sys - tern of industrial economy which has productive powoer for its object. instead of that system which looks only to foreign trade. The -West ern ahd North-western States will have to manufacture their own iron. In the South, the planta tion will give place to the farm. On every stream, and at every available place, factories for the man ufacture of numerous different commodities will be established. The exhaustion of the great staple culture for distant markets will be stopped. Where once spread out illimitable fields of snowy cotton, the corn-fields of the farmer bow ing down under their weight, roll-; ing meadows sinking under their eavy burden, orchards displaying rich fruits of every shade of color will be seen ; stock, and herds, large, well formed and sleek, will grace the luxuriant pastures, while on every bill and beautiful site will stand a homestead mansion, xempt from the claws of' the spec lator and miser, with its sides of1 sheathing, its rusticated corners. its massive windows, caps and cor iices, and its heavy substantial balustrades. There is a reconstruction of in Titely greater importance, than Lhat of the political. There is wanting an industrial reconstruc ion of the South, and when our people learn to arrange, to system itize, to distribute, to diversify its ndntrien. and the trnthful but1 stern lesson "to earn their bread by the sweat of their own face," then, and not till then, will -she prosper, whether her representa tives are in or out of Congiess. Monopoly systems, political cau cusses, political gamblers. tariffs, and compromises, strifes of cotton, corn and calico for exclusiveness have heretofore divided us into great sectional parties. Wheat, corn, sugar, cotton, and calico, will probably, in the course of time, become greater than ever [before in their favorite resorts, but all the division, the mis-hief, the strife for monopoly will be taken out of them when they make for themselves their respective horne markets. Well may we say then, in devotit aspiration, of the home of the husbandnan, as the in-q)ired bard said of Jerusalem. "Peace be within thy walls and prosperity within thy palaces." d European Immigration. d The following Ietter will be Ij read with interest: IIAMBURG, January 4, 1868. General John A. Wagener, Commis- d sioner of Emigration SIR :-It is with a great deal of C satisfaction, I can communicate to f you, that I have at last arrived at r something mo.e definite in regard b to a direct communication with q Europe. . Th.e Hamburg American e Steain Ship Company have au- t thorized me to inform you; that It the Company will be willing to 1 Iet tiose hteamr, which'are now t r6iin ing toNev. Orleans, cAll at, k C11arleson, if- goods.or emigrants . enough can be- furnished to pay. a e - M steamers,Q would. coRiamenoe onr tbm oft Oetoferb, 1868, and makelseverr t trips to New Orleans, the last trip t April1869, though a steamer may o be had at any. other time, if it a beconie necessary. The company V would also form a. se:.ond compa- Ii ny with the merchants of Charles- li ton, and let them have one or two a steamers as the case might re- * quire and would work to their t mutual interest. o It is the desire here, that the l: cotton shoul be imported direct, a and not over England. T he Ham- t: burg American~ Steam Ship Comn- k pany is. too well known, so I-.need h not tell you, that the proposal is '9 made in good faith, and it will f< now rest with the merchant's of n Charleston to act in this matter.. e A direct communication can now w be established, and I do not need a to enlarge upon, how much in o every way it would benefit our State. Hoping soon to hear..from t] you in relation to this matter, h I am very respectfully, ti W. J. FER LOV, p State Agent. ii ANNUJs DoMINI.-Numerous cor-T respondents of the Cincinnati Corn mercial are discussing the question t< whether this is the sixty eight or the sixty ninth year of the century; e which is about as abstruse as the gustion whether this is the eighteenth or nineteenth century. But the best of the joke is that tc almost all of them (all, we believe, ci but we won't insist on it) speak of t te year 1800 as the first of the s present century. It seems to be ye greed on all hands in Cincinnati tr ~hat the year 1799 was the last e >f the eighteenth century, and of s ~ourse that the year 99 was the t ast of the first century, and mn "log is logic, that's all we say")w accessarily that ninety nine years make a cen tury, and, equally neces- i sarily, that ninety nine is one bundred. ti An exchange suggests that when Utah ar s admitted into the Union it should be d< :aled the State of M4atrimony. la Tt is so hilly in some parts of New or iampshire that the people look up the h( himneys to see when the cows come di wine. Oir oF DEirr.-The State of Iowa has g he gratifying honor of being entirely o ut of debt-a record and a glory which ao oter t recn shrne' aT "Let Politics Alone." The State of Virginia-, before the war and since-the Peters burg Erpress, in a very pointed trticle, declares-has been sicken ,d nigh unto death by politics ; tnd this declaration is equally ap >licable to South Carolina. Nearly :he whole press of the State is iot only wasting time and braing, )ut is unintentionally doing great ]arm, by their incessant political irades and thread-bare essays on 'unconstitutional" rigikts. The >owers that be, deaf to rcason mnd swayed by intense passion, Lre no more affected towards our rood by anything we say or write, han the fish in the sea are. They lon't even listen to those of their wn section whQ endeavor to rea on with them. They don't pro ess to act by and~ under the au hority of the consiitution ; but listiuctly avow that they act i-i lependently of it, and in accor lance only with their conceited iurposes. They will nrot, cannot isten to any one not of them, ren though he rose from the ead. All that we can say serves nly.to irritate and incite them to eeds of greater croelty. There >re, all talk is utterly useless ay, it does us harm. All-and the est we can do is to keep cool And uiet, and act- as one niau, when ver the occasion rcquires, with he determination to resist by alF twful means what we know to be rrong, and to do what we know a be right.' P.assion will in time bside, and reason resume- as iuch sway as she ever had under free su4frage-ystem. We o6ght o" aspire to1have a fogr in. e.Moverntnre . , I the pie is frt to-b4"serVi. All iat we need now is a Government f any form and administered. by ny man or set of men, jybieh rill simply secure the right to fe and property. For just that ttle politics have we any stom eh now-and none but fiends ,oufd grant us less. The duty of' ae present hour is to direct all ur energies earnestly, unceasing 5, to but one object-the. material dvancemn6nt of the State. It is -ne that po people can attain the sighrt of p.rosQperiLy until they are 'goodl government. But are e to starve and die in waiting >r good go ve'nment ? If so, we right as well lay do~wn .the shov ( and the hoe right here ; for we ill never~ have good government a long as the prcdominiant spirit F the world is that; of evil-as ng as there are mo-re bad men ian good-never, until the nmil nium. We say, therefo're, that e speediest and- surest road to eace and pi-osperity, is to unite I persistent effort to develop the tricultural interest of the State. his can be done only by dividing ec surplus lands, and selling out those who can and will culti Lte them. It is the plain inter it of the land-holder to do this. o business will flourish in this :,ate, until the uncultivated lands e tilled. It is not worth while seek and expect business in the ties and towns, while the coun y is idle. P.lain as these propo tions are, peop)le are slow to alizo them. They can see the uth but they can't feel it yet. ~Ve are ready to do anything," ys the land-holder, to get out of' e pressure, but we can't see any ode of escape. We would sell illingly, but we can't find the trchaser," and with that he ;hts his pipe and hopes that mehow or other, in the course of' ne, somebody will come along d pay him ten, twenty or fifty illars per acre, in cash gold, for ud which ho can't sell now for e-fourth the price. The land >lder must wake up from his cams and hunt np land-buyers; d if he can't pay the expense ot' ing to Pennsylvania, New York, aliO and other Northern States, d tn Enuop for that nnrnone, be ought to employ some of the agencies now offering their servi. ces to do this work for him. The press should drop politics alto gether-for no one on-either side of the Potomac reads any political artide with interest or proft and devote their energies anceas ingly to the development of the agricultural intereet8 of the State. This ouly.will restore prosperity --and that speedily, if we work faithfully. MARTYRDOM FOR RESPECTABILr TY.-A late number of the London. Spectator gravely discussed the right of a man to starve himself to death, ratfer than secure sub si4ence by pying for relief to the parish. it appears that a Mr. Pritchard; a .egar-maker, having become see ty for a friend to the amount of oee thousand pounds, IAiL.-Ui, to doing, ruined him4elf ; and, finally, hav ing pawnea all the artkilcs in -his house on which be could raise ay money, and tried variora ineffeet at modes of obtaiping a living, starved himself tofeath and bis wife and five children to the verge of the grave, and actual insensi. bility, rather rhan apply for relief to the parish auth6rities. He -di vided the lait half loaf of bread among the children himself-his wife being-then too sick -to eat. On the next day he suddenly asked for food, but there was ndne for him, and he soon feil forward on his faee and died--or, as his daughter described. itj "-He was praying for mother and for; s, and he then fell-over on the -Aoer, and, hasr been- sIeepieg-:bere 'ever - since.". The mother -was fognd in hod-r or two iore, ande - would havo come too late. This was clearly an affectionate and good family. The few bookg- left (worthless to pawn) were ill religious books. The one ~ thing the poor father seemed unable to do was to ask from the parish aU thorites the succor necessary for his family for whom he strqggled with great affection and tender ness. INo man in the parish had better elaim to demand suceh aid as a right, for he had fox"years. paid all his taxes for the support of' the'necessitons: . -A REGIM-ENT PERISHINo FtROM 'Thaisr.-When the Egyptian troops first conquered Nubia, a.. regimnent was destroyed by thirst in. crossing this desert. The men, being upon a limited allowance of water. suffered from extreme thirst and, deceived by the ap pearan'eei of ia mirage that exactly resembled a l'eautiful lake, they insisteid on being taken to its banks by the Arab guide. It was in vain that the guide assured' therm the. lake was unreal, and he refused - to lose the precious time by. wanidering from his course. Wor.ds Lend to blows, and he- wss killed by the soldiers, whose lives de-. pended ori his guidlance. Th~e whole regiment turned from the track and rushed toward the wel :-ome waters. Thirsty and faint, ver the burning sands they hur ried-heavier and heavier their rootsteps became-hotter and hot ter their breath, as deeper and leeper they pushed into the lesert, further and further from ~he lost track where the pilot lay n his blood ; and still the mocking ~pirts of the desert, the afreets of' he mirage, led them on, and the ake glistening in the sunshine emnpted then to bathe in its' cool vaters, close to their eyes but iever at their lips. At length the lelusion vanished-the fatal lake urned to burning sand ! Raging hirst and horrible despair; the >athless desert and the murdered ~uide ! lost ! lost ! all lost I Not man ever left the desert, but they vere subsequen tly disco\ered, >arched and withered corpses, by lhe Arabs sent upon the search. rhe Nile 'lributaries of Abyssinia,