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O 11 50 S 6A 0 0 EArusR I.GENK R V L M II . -m I Yl VOLMEII.NEBE.1~, . ,~ FINLDAY JNE4, 80. TJMLR2A THE HJERALJ IS PUBLISHED EVER WEDNESDAY, Et Newbcrry C. IL, ay tEOS. F. & R. H. GREIEXER, EDITORS AND PPr KTon1'S. *ERMS, $l,5o FOR SIX MONThS, EITHER 'iN CURRENCY OR IN PROVISIONS. jPayment required invariably in advance.) ).ertisemnentsinserted at l,5 per square, for trst insertion -1 for each subsequent e!sen. iarr'age notices, Funeral inviations, Obituarie and Coinnunications of personal futerest charge' -tadvertiseents. Letter about Mexico. We are able this week to gratify the wish es of our readers, and also ourselves, in pr senting before them an interesting cornmui .cation from Dr. Cunningham, who has just returned from Mexico. Mr Ferris : Having recently re14irned from Mexico, it has been suggested by some that I 'publish some of my ol.seivatiuns on that in teresting Country in the columns ofyour pa per. This, with your consent, I now verV succinctly propose to do, premhing that I shall not be able to communicate mah that is not already before the -ublic. To the American traveller fur the first time landed on the coast of "-exico, be is struck with the novelty of every thing he sees. The 'buildings, farms, habits, dress, marners, re 3 igion, everything he sees, are as different to .what he has been accustcn;ed to In the Soth - .ern States as is the language of the inhabi tants. The -cimate and so l, too, strikes him .as different to any he has seen. True, there .are hills and mountains, and valleys and riv ers, and these he has seen before b_t they were different, and the very soil seems lfor -ent, and the very stone in the raad and the water--vashed vulcaric boulJers, that every -where n:eets his eye, reminIs him he is far from home. But I wil attempt no general -description of this lovely lad, il which God shas done so much and man so little. From Yera Cruz we travelled by rail through the Terra Caliente, as it is called, or hot-land to thepassof the mountains, where the elimate becomes temperate ; thence to the city of Cor -dova, by diligence, at an average ascending grade of thirty-Eve fQet per mile. This p6aced -us in the altitude cf perpetual spring. - The city of Cor lovar situated in this valey, consisting of 12,000 15,000 inha itants, is -uilt on the bank of the Rio Saca, a bold Inountain torrent in the wet ; bu-t as its name imports, without a current in the drv seascn. Its banks are high and preCipitous, and never balf filled by the greatest fr eshets, and with -cut one foot of alluvial. We. did not learn ac curately the extent of this valley, but guess 'it to average some ten or twelve riles in breadth, and some thirty ive or forty miles in length, and is two thousand eight hundred 4eet above tide water. Above this -alley, as it is called, but more properly plateau of Ora ziba, of equal or superior beauty anK fertility Then the valev of Puebla. Hjere the inter tropical culture ceases, and it is perhaps un rivalled in the productions of grain especimally wheat and general pasturage. BSut there be ing no government lands for colonization there, we did not extend our observations in that di rection, but confined our ex minations prin cipally to the Cordova valley. The Govern mient lands here are all surveyed, consisting of two townships, and have been taken up, and there will probably be in the nest nine months one hundred actual American settlers in and around Carh>tta. You have heard of it. A town, or quite a Blourisihing village, y ou say. Well, I rodle upon it before I was aware I was near it. It consists of t wo straw covered huts, the plates supported by posts in the ground, and the walls cf vertical poles or cane without the interstices being daubed or stop' ped with anything. This was iCarlotta when Ileft. In short excursion on foot, and longer ones 'on horseback, we tried to learn s.mething of the habits of the na tives, their mode of agri 'culture, and the capacity of the soil. The natives are friendly, kind and hospitable to Americans, remarkably neat and cleanly, .though very simple in the-ir dress, and all their labor and culture is on the most primitive style. I cannot imag.ine that it could have been more so five h.unudred years ago. W here anything like culture has been bestowed on their little farms, they displayed .a beauty andl fertility unknown even in our sunny South. Coffe~e, tobacco, corn, beans, banann.as, pian -tains, pine-apple and rice are their principle .oroductions, and in relative value stand, per haps, in the order I have mnentioned(. But -none of-these aei@ reede-kt am omn of care or labor that we would call cultivation, and yet the inhabitants seemn to have an abun -dance of supplies o.f every kind to saUisfy their wants and frugal habits. I forgot to mention -sugar cane, which grows to a perfection be yond anything in our country. They are niever hurried by the seasons, an d those who vultivate it to any extent, a.re grmnding their -cane every day in the year. Indeed th:ere i -there no end to the agricultural year as with 'us. And although you may be told that the first of June, and then again, perhaps, in No i-ember, is the best tin- to plant corn-yet I believe they plan-t at any and ev;ery period. The hest farruers among them wiill alternate fheir<crops three times a year thus: First, a corn crop, which, as they take on;, they will follow with tobacco ; this is followed with the -freeholder bean, a staple article of' food. But with regard to the primitive and unimproved -condition of everything, it is enoutgh to say -that we saw not a plow, rncr heard of a nill in this fertile valley. In the to-.ns and cities they use rn corn bread, being supplied with flour from Pueblo. wh-file the native peons boil their corn soft in the ear, on a stone. then bake a thin cake, and this is their far-famed torteir, their only bread. I did not visit 'Mexico as an idio tourist, but but with an earnest desire, to the best of rmy judgment, to decide on a subject pairamaount to allo-thers in this w-orld to me, to my family and posterity, the propriety of emigrating there. It was and is a fearful question to de cide. To expatriate one's self from a country hie had loved, from all his former life-long hab -us and associations, to take those he loved in 'to a foreign land, among a diirer:ent race of men, among whom he could expect no social Qrrneu affiation undJer a government whc,1 o edcal and rejuuiee, no 1n.4 been lud to ahior, all this I say, and more than this, rendered the qnestion a fearful one to <icide. And v et, as I sat uler thu sadue of the mlango tre:s at Ihe cdge (,f their Ette !urms, I tred to comlpare the re:tive fertilit of the soil ind salubrity of climate, as comn pared to our own. MV dehu.rate judgment was, that one-fourth of the labor woi2d pro cure a mere subsistence there that would be .eqUired here. MY next i1niry was, if we can com1mand labor, how wilI its profits Cul c tpare with the only labor row in the Sou th. With cotton here and coffe-there, I tried the comparison. Thus, a hand her can cultivate ten acres of cotton, from its market value, taking an averagn of past years as data, two hun(re dollars mIi be realized, ou. of which now mIust be paid the whole yeafr's lire of the freedman. Then I took ten acres of cofce, which re gnires conpratively nf culture, and t e gathering- of whirh can be hired at one cent per pound, and I found the ten acres, at the lowest estimate Cf hs yield, indeed, iat just half the most of thern, their estimte gave me six hundred dolhtrs nett. But there is Io eceCCs> ity of confizing the h:md to ten acres of cefrfee. If von have the trees once pnt ed, ou might as easily have twenty acres to the hand as ten. Comnrarative estimates on other elps would perhaps show as favorable results. These calculations were honestlyv made and concrred in by those of our peo Pie to whom I cunversd with there. Still there are a thousand Ind one dliflcuhies to be met and overcome be-for these advantages can be quietly enjoyed-privations sufi'ered, that many of our wives and children rever ireame( of. Meney, to'o wll be reqired, nwre, I fear, tla..'n mZny of us cau comnattd. Lind, go'"od fcrtile lad, rmny be prc(ure-(d without diilhulty: ~but ecdh emi:runt shoidd have means to sub-s<t his family tr twelve months, and to hire more or le-s 10or u1 ls he has labor'rs of .is own. oegrocs mi-1t be apprendeed here, a3d Cten wh th' I t .. The QOVInment there U'ld eT,force he te in:s c f t meture. But it isdut ul if man coul h indncedw to go. It is even doubtful if the military wVuld permit us to take them. There is not a great deal of stock in the Cord"ova Vullav what there is is attended by herdsmen, hastl-V have little or no fenc 11. Some stone nA some hedging is all, but many are without anything ofthe kird. io:s are kept no or sta1ed out, fatted on fruit ard rendered into lard to cook Cnd season their beef and vegetables, being very little used as food. Anozoer extraordinry feature of the country, and one that-cannot fii to strike the inte!ient viitor, and one, too, that points to a most ominous page of that country's his tory, is the massive And stu'ndous coFtlV rains that mark the site of the abandoned ha cie1das that are to be found on every few thousand acres throughout Mexico. These impoir.g riAns, that must have CothunUreds of th uI,ands of dollars, have in most caes, their roofs fa!!en in, and large trees growing in their dilapidated halls and open courts. The oldest inhabitanrts will tell you that 'it years ago these hal's we-re the h.:ocs of the wealthy and relind ; that thee wide tracts of j ung!e- and chapparal, now not distin guishable from the general forest, and inhab ited by~ tihe prowling panther and leopard, were then extensive carne ondl cottont planlta tons, cult.ivated by thiee hundred Afri'an slav es, the property. of th'e owner of the ha cenda. Slavery was abclihcd, and where ncw are the owniers?-aye, where are the ne roes themselves!I It is said that history re eats itself, "Shall such be t,he ruin and deg radation of the South ?" grnts t btinlndin the Cordova firict, ~i fir acopany to buy a hacienda:, and di ide itamong themselves. T'i. was being dninsomec instances. The haciendas con sist there of from three, four or live, to ten or tifteen thousand acres. But there are other government lands being surveyed of equal or superior fertility, wvhichi, by fall, will be ready for chumaants. Those friends who sent their names by me as colonists, have had their claims attended to, and I have so.m things to sa to them that does rnot concern the puibei in relation to the means of secour ing the-ir prior rights thus securecd. And 1 wo uld be glad, at somne convenient time and place, to meet them all to consult on this ma tter. Gen. .Eadly's lctter has thrown, I discover, some cold wvater upon the enigra tion excitemnent ; and this, I think, was pro ner. The. General consulted us as to the pro .r;ety of ser.ding after he had written his letter. Wie approved it. Formier letters had excited too sar.guine expectation, and men were rushi:g the; e w.ithout money or any Maiden to work, thinki\ng, p)robably, the govern ment would~ take care of them. This is a mistake; for however desirous tihe gov ernmen.t may be to encourage emigration from this country, it is not able to support and give them land. H1'nce., a little check in that direction will be wolesome. Thre General, however, as lie intimates, saw; nothi ng of the country except in the City of Mex ieu itself, and along the roads. With regard to the permanency of the Fom nre, I need say but uttie, as op;i iens anid con jectures can be formed here as well as the: e. I have no idh a that Maximilian can sustain himself in Mexico unsupported by Fran ce. Uut this support he is sure of, while ___ poleon is E:mpreror. Our people see:n .to think that the success of the colonization scheme depends on the success of the Em pire. This :s a nastake. We lcar ned from every source aece>sible to us, that the Liber as were as friend!v to us as the Imperialists. So, that if Maxhi ian left the EmrnIe to-day, the dlaims of coalonsts wvoul still be secure. It is said, that in all the chang~es cf that rev olutionary country, vested righ ts under a pre vious government have never been distur bed by the successful party. I have s-aid nothing ei her of the health of the country. Of this we 1.ad but little nreans of observa~tion. We sawv no diseace there, and learned that it wvas regarded as very healthy, except in some speciid localities. I have said nothing of other i ndustrial p:ur suits than that of farming ;. but the country seems to be open to every speeies of enter n rise. Merch'anies of every k!nd smiost, it would seem, could soon tird emiploymuent there if not at once. If these obeervations, Mr. Faitor, are like lv to b of -n iat-ie to your readers. peame puhn tiem, as I have been reet el.rurtdto write.Ikn.O.v they are~(es; tory and dinconnecrl, Lut to have el'tered noch mlore int) dttadl would have renlCered thiS atc too ilong.r ilespctfuuly, your o't. sv't., J. M. Crs:NarAM. Cens. Steedmail adil FulleMon. FaEs Di: ctesu:ss AnoUT THF N:-:ilCES. tIz t u a .72!, ti I .2 m; I -I t ac s H s Ima *d nei11 des0-t n1 stI r io Evb b ct:cas o't .lie t1 u&nf . The E*ra'7s creespondent with the inves t ienting~ o:ission of Gr-ner als &rrr.MNn and FVEIn"oN writes frmt Port Royal and Savan ntah. A u:ore favorable condition of afFnirs is1 nicea h!c a mon g the free m en inr Pt Roy'a! Edisto and the 'Iliton 1Icad S.Iands. The same ol story of Ni thorn peculation and mriaes ance, however, is told in relating t he eendition of the Sea Ishmd settlers. In Georgia the reports is to the. fefct that the Freedmen's Bureau is an obtacle in the wny of kindly feeling beveen the whites and blacks. The following will be found very interestim:g: ITu: SEA I-L.AS ' Are ifteen or twenty in number, and range in extent fron two thousand acres to one hundred thousand. A large proportion of this area, thonh it inc"udes som.e of the Onest cot ton growing land in the world, is still undevel ne. ne Imn I heaId of on the ma in lan, Iv as rcetLv sold, for a (ollar an acre, to a kiert C coMPny, fifty thousand seres of n e-i~ t ti:nier land which he had held idle fLr forty years. C0ND oN Ct" AFFA!P.S. G eerals Steednpuj and I'uerton, in pur Ing the invevtigati, with the oflIcrs of the F1 Imen's 1Ureau, which they are con o u10tIn, with so much impartiality, industry, and~ aiity, have visited Wu~dmnalaw, Edisto, Jeho*-,c Port Royal, and Hiltton hcad Islands; have personally ins-pectcd tle condition ot the fre n,I,( and discovered abundant evidences that in the past tieN had been grossly robbed and i'!-treated, and that rome men must have m.,ade a larg amount of hioney in this 'cruel d dihonest maner ; but und(er the presenti (jii.-,trati:n of Brevet Major-G0enoral Scott, As" sit Coimissioner of the Freedmek ' Sureau f'U: the State, matters are progressmg as satisfactorily as could be expected in a comnmunity recently in a state appr:.:chin etnos-t to chaos. - CNEALSIMI:"AN'S o-znE. T1Che exceptional condition C' the -ca Islands is attributable to the orders which General Sherman issued after. his occupation of Savan nab, in January, 1865, setting apart the iskands from Chreston outh for thi ty miles back fim the sea, for the settlft of r.egroeS made free by acts of war and by emancipation proclamnatiun. This was done for a doublc purpose, miinly to get id of the grc.et incubus of contrabands who were following his army adt eating up his commissary, part also to punish the people -of the State wvhere the re bellion was conceived and cred:ied. The measurement of the allotments also was never properly carried out. As I mentioned ina previous letter, sonme of the 'foirty acres" were lound to be only three and a half and some four hiundred and fifty acres in extent. Thus eay in the history of the sebeme frauds and r asc~alitiesof every de scriptionm were perpetra ted ; andu were continued down to the end of General Saxton's loose and inefficient admin STRAIGHITENING MATTERs UP'. For sonme time past the Bureau and rmilitary authorities have been engaged in setting mat ters straight. All the planitations on which there aire no valid certilicates have been re turned to their former owners, and those on which there are only a few have been returin ed, subject to the certilicates. Of the original settlers, few .exzcept these two hundred remain on the islands ; the rest have moved back into Georgia, whcnce they came. NLdUER oF FRlEEDMEN. It is estimnated tha.t there are now about u-,0 credmen on the sea islands, namely; fr om three to four thousand on Edisto, fifteen h undred. on WVadmtaiaw, two thousand on John0 t-o thousand oii James, four thousand on Port Ro::al, five thousanvd on St. 11elena, and the balance ont the smaller islands. iTHEia coNi/IT1N. .The experiment of matking the negro a pantte-r on his own accoun, t has failed as sig nul sa hun: d red other ex perimen ts w ith~ th ngo have failed. Those who had land orders last year, and were in a position to gro twntyor hity acres of cotton for theseles,have ti-is year not a cent to bless tems-elves with, and have been living on ci'ty ' all the winter. A plan ter on iisto Isn asired mec th:at every mo rninig from a hunded to a huna dred and tityl former own ers of these certificates ("tiitities"' the negroes gener:ally call thlem, but one dlarkey called themfl "sti:Tenes," cetn: to him beggmg~ for fod or -ork. In the first plaoce, theyv raised miserabl crops ; in the next, they were rob bed by2 Northern sr.eenlators, working uinder the sauow of the iueau, of what little theyv NonTurINs crrnMSSIoN. We met witht a mna kedl case of this kind on nadlaw Islanud. Driving over a plan tauen,t: we alt ed at a store, round which a group of forty or lifty squalidl negroes were gatinerca, reciv ing thei day's wage's. There were no contrcts otn this farm. The~ hands were en - gaged ftom (lay to day at fifty cents a "task. ITe stek ceeger wns paingi theum w hen w~e came up, a-nd --sus givin thm, rnot money, but' tcts tor provisions. He .'pai ned that h ofte had~( nio money whetrui'th to pay them, so( be" gavei themII tC tir eringos in goodzs. We inlquired the pileets at whi1 the stores were si. W& \e found that corn, wh fich sells im 9harleston market at a dolhtr and thirtyv cen ts a bushel, anld is worth in Wadrmalaw Island, with transportation added, certainily less than a doilar and fifty cents, was being doled out to thema at three dlollars a bushe!. Twe~nty-fi.e cents was charged for a package containing twnty-twa o biscuits, such as might be bought inNewv York three for a cent, and everything els wa in nr~onertion. Should there be Invt1un still due to the negroes, after tey Id purchased the necessary meal and bacon, here were beads and cheap jewelry-sure to .,tract the negro s eve-displayed in the to absorb the balance of his carnings. Whus, wnile they were appalently paid fair snes for their w.rk, more than half teir varnigs were evCry day Lk.en back foni hem in the shane of prol1t on the goods in which they were paid in lieu cf money. Gen. Ztcediai aked who leased the plantation. [Je was told Mr. Underwood, of Boston. This Nlr. Underwood does not reside on the plant YK2TINC. OF CITIZENS TS SAVANNAlL On rid'y evening a large number of the -ndi:t citizens cf >avanrr1 in;.t at the Pulaski loule, whei e General Steedman is stay ing (and shieii, w i th the Mhlls Ilouse at Carlestun, is )m!e of the tow hotels in the South conducted iih something like Northern enterprise and uccess), to confer with the Government Coi u1isssoers. The f-euling expressed by the Ieeting was that the Freedmen's Bureau, owever well administ cred, was an unnecssary ad an unmitigatcd evil, and a number of in tances were mentioned of counties where no 3ure:u exists, in which the freedine.n are vorking better, receiving better wages, and re more happI and contented than in diAtricts outrolled by the Bureau. - - - -. - --: SoUTTT CAROLINA RAIL ROAD CAR WOPK uors.-On Saturday afternoon last the arti :ans, mechanics and other workmen of the 'outh Carolina Rail Road car workshops, with number of invited guests, made a trial trip s far as the Seven mile Pump of two new, andsome, first-class passenger cars built and nished at the South Carolina Rail Road car 1ops on Line-street. These cars make seven f the same character that have been turned >ut by these woikshops sin.c.e the road was eturned by the miitary to the Company. several more are completed and ready to ie :eire the 11nishing stocks of the painter's Te cars in which the p1easant excursion d trip was madle Saturday are beautiful peciniel"s of exquisite and substantial work nIanship. relecting the highest credit on all marties concerned in thelr construction. They ave been fitted up in the most elegant style or the comfort and accommodation of passen :ers. The commodious se.ats are provided ith sunprb crimson cushions, and over each hndsme hat-rack for the reception of hats md small packages. The ladies' saloon has i >en beautifully fitted up with superior ac ciinod tGins. The painting is in the mas riy style of that well-known artist, Mr. Al 'r'd Wise, and the triD--ning very tastefully ,xecutcd by Mr. M. R. Nugent. The general i 1 and plan of the cars was furnished by Srl..n Re.d, Supe iitendent of the work ho, nr.d thc whole work done under his ersonarl stipervision, assisted by Mr. W. Pweedr, foreman of the work. Another great. improvement are the patent :priTg.: upon whih the cars rest. Even when n rapid motion it is scarcely perceptible, so hat passengers can sit and read and write at The building of these cars exclusively by >ur own mechanics is one of.zhe most encour iging prospects of the magnificent future >penng before us. The South Carolina Rail ~oad Workshops employ from one hundred md seventy-five to two hundred mechanics, il of whom\ are ide-ntifiedJ with our city by irth or long residenc e among us, and this, w1ith othiersimnihtr establishments now in ope ation, must, ere long, have the most important nluence in developing the energy, skill and ~mechanical genius of our people. We learn that a number of very substantial rieight cars are also in course of construction. lhe repairing workshops are under the sul-ers ntedence of that skillful mechanic, Mr. Jore Strong. To Mr. Meyers and Mr. Jmes McDuf, we tender our warm thanks or their courtesies in showing us over the ex tensive workshops of the Company (Charleston Courier. IoNons To Tm.: P1.AsAN~T NOBLE WHo SA-VED HiE CZ.U t' RusslA--The Russian Gazette of S Petersburg says that on the 6th inst. thet Marshals and Deputies of the St. Petersburg nobles resolved unanimously to present Ossio [vanovitch Komissaroff, the peasant who foi! :d the assassin's aim, with a holy image, and to open for him a subscription, to which all the nobility of the distiict are invited to sub cribe. The permiamen.t deputations of the nobles waited upon him to obtain his consent to be enrolled in the book of nobles. Komissaroil gratefully acceptedl the offer,and in doi:g ,3, gave the following account of what took place: "I do not know myself what trange feeling possessed me when I saw that main pressing through the crowd. I was watching him, but w~hen the Emperor came up he went out of my mind. All at once I saw him d:iw apjistoi and aim at the Emperor Sbethough my~self that if I rushed upon him be would kill seine one else, or perhaps myself, rd without muuchi ado, I struck up his arm. Tie pistol went off, and after that I do not recolhet anything. I was as it were, in the midst of a fcg, an~d when 1 camne to myself I niw a general, who embraced mae. I was taken to the palace, but I we.s stunned, and it was an hour and a half before I could speak." Apartments have been hired for him in the lonat:e house. His family r.ame will he banged into that of Kemissarcf Kostrcoskoi, iinmemory of the province which has twice rnishd saviors to thie Imperial House in a momet of danger, Hie was obliged to show imself on the stOte of the Rus-ian theatre, d to relate wh-it happened. He was invited o a grand bar.quet at the English Club. It s said that six hundred thousand francs have been subscribed for him in St. Petersburg, done, and that a proprietor of Kostromna has ffred himi a consi'derable quantity of land for the purp)e .o.f enabling him to support his aew dignity. fh Emn Teror himself, says a correspondent >f the Nord, asked General Todiehen as aj personal favor to' dir-ect the education of! Kossimarof. Politeness is the r-eligion of the heart, as piety is that of the soul. It is good-nature i. action. It renders whoever may be its object :ententc<l and happy under its influence. It: onsists in acts which show their source-the Eg. ar selling iu TLarne at lucs per do-' Uur Future. The facility with which the people of these Southern States have adopted themselves to the extraordinary circu:nstances in which they they have been placed by the results of the late war, we think is unparaleled in the history of any country. That war has desolated their most f6rtile sections ; it laid waste their finest plantations; it took from them their means and appliances fur procuring their subsistence, and, to a superficial observer, has rendered this garden spot of the United States a barren wilderness. An!:d yet, notwithstanding all this frightful desolation, spoihation and robbery, there are abundant'evidences around us, that if it were not for the pernicious legislation at Washing ton-were these States represented, enjoying equal rights, liberty and protection to their pr-operty, and not overburdened with uncon stitutional and unjut taxes-they would give an example of recuperation that the world has never witnessed. The futdre of the Southern States'is just row involved in mystery, and if we could get "millenium" Dr. Cummins to predict how the problem of their destiny is to he solved,. we would be under everlasting obligations. But, seriously, the instantaneous change in our labor system presents difficulties that the wisest and most experienced cannot get rid of. We might plant corn and other cereals amply sufficient to sustain our population, and toex port; but we cainot believe, nor never will believe, that the great cotton growing b6lt on the zones will be diverted from its natural production. the effort has been made in India, Ezpt, and elsewhere, to produce with any profit our great staple, and the effort has failed. The kingdom of the monarch cotton (we hold he is still a king) is in the Southern States of North America. As we have before remarked in this paper, the South, in the future, must not . only look to the prodrcfion of this great stap!c, but should apply herself to its 3Inufature. .- In s02iand clinate, she may be said to hae the monopoly of producing this universally-used staple, and her resources for manufacturing her peculiar product are unsurpassed. She has. an unlimited snpply of water power r even in the absence of this, her mines of coal, as yet undeveloped, her vast forests of timber, and other means aid facilities of man ufacturing are not surpassed by any country in the world. The abolition of slavery changes the whole direction of investment of capital, and, on the % hole, we believe it to be one of the greatest benefits that has been -conferred on the white people of the South-to the freedman himself, we believe it to he a material injury. Capital now is seeking other channels of remunera tion. Heretofore the planter invested hissur plus profits in more land and more negroes now the whole thing is changed ; he has got more lands than he can cultivate, and there are no more negroes to buy. Another feature of the radical change effect ed in the labor and productive energies of the South we find so well presented in the Louis ville Courier, we reproduce it: "Instead of being an importer, the South can, and we have no doubt wili, become an exporter of every species of cotton fabric. fler facilities for ~so doing being superior, and exempt as she will be from the cost of trans porting the raw material, she will be able to manufactnde cheaper, and ere many years she will control and monopolize the markets of the world. When that day comes, the revenues of the cotton lords of New England, who com menced the crusade upon Southern rights. will decline, their manufacturing system will wither and perish, and they will have ample cause to repent of the fanaticism and injustice which prompted them to disregard the rights of sister States arnd trample their most valued instiutions under foot. New England n ill then be as famous for her political insignifi cance and poverty as she is now for the vile ness of her principles and the bigotry and in tolerance of her people. Then her sons will struggle in vain for a subsi.itence upon those barren rocks and the unth ankful soil upon which they were born a-,d reared; arid, to es cape starvation, they will be comnpelled to em igrate to more favorable climes. They will then feel, and, oh ! how deeply, that righteous retribution has over!aken them for their gi gantic and multiplied wrongs'upon the unof fending South." We like this sort of writing, because, he sides its truthfulness, it is calculated to rouse up thme energies of our people. If they are true to themselves, they have got a glonouos and prosperoug future before them. Arnd we are inspired nith faith and hope that the severe lcsson recentiy taught them will con. tribute to leading them in the right direct on. We think- if they avail themselves of their prscnt advantages, they will realize that the war and its resuls were "blessings in dis guise"-Phoenix. "Then hear Thou in Heaven, Thy dwelling place, and do arid judge Thy servant, justifying the righteous." The noble captive, wvho, for so many months, has lingered in his prison, is soon to be brought to trial. We are powerless to help him, how ever much we may yearn to do so. But though we may not stand beside him in his dark and trying hour, we can I:zar him on our hearts to that TI -one, upon which sitteth the Judge of all men-that loving Father, whose ear is al wa-s open to the cry of the suppliant. From every church, from every home,. from every closet, from every heart, shouald ascend the daily prayer for him who suffers for us. Our hearts ha've agonized through so much woe, that we must all have learned the blessed poer of prayer, the glorious pr-ivilege of in tereding with the Father of mercies and God of ali conmfort. Let us, with one heart and with one voice, plead with Jehovah, that Hie would listen to the sorrowful sighing of the prisoner, that lie would raise up His mighty power, arid satve him fromahis enemies, and fr-om the hand of all that hate him. Let our faith be strot g, our prayers earnest and our God, even our own God shall give him His blessing. -. MARRIAG!- OF BnsHOP Pon.K's DAEcfrn'.-The following appearsin the Coloirka (Tenn.) IHemd J: "Mar ied, en Tuesday, the ist day of May, at ine residence of Gen. Lucius J. Polk, in tis county, by the Rev. D. Pise, D. D., Capt. F. D. Blake, of Charleston, S. C., and Miss Sallie H. P'olk, datughn ter of the late Rt. Rev. Leonidas Polk, BiThop of T.nu~anc [From dic Paris (Tvimessee) Intelligevirem. Cotton. Ve venture a prediction that there will 'b still greater reduction in the price of cotton thwn the present market rates. We will brief lv state some-a few of our reasons for the r . . 1st. There is a great breadth planted'in-the United States than was anticipated a few months ago. 2. There is a better prospect that the lif bor can be relied on than existed -t the be -- ginning of the year. 3d. The late exorbitant prices were the re sult of the cotton famine in this county brought on by the war. 4th. The change in the machinerv in Etr rope to work the Surat Cotton will diminish the demand for our cotton. - 5th. During the blocbAqc of the Soutbe'rft ports, whilc the war was going on, the cotton producing countries were stiinuated to io crease this production for export to thetuir'o pean markets. 6th. Within the lastfive.years a very lare arca in other countries has been reduced to cultivation for the production of the, staple - and that area is still widening. 7th. The cotton of the Southern Statev-coo stitute a very small part of the gross amount, produced annually throughout the world. The annual yield of the-whole world ig,eti mated at the enormous sum of three hundred millions of bales. East India. and China- together produc abeut 1S,000,000 of bales every year. A 'wr ter in Debow's Review says: "It is grown, as will be seen by. reference to the. map, in - Chiina, J.pan,a part of Australia, Bdrwa,- - East India, Persia, Aarabia, Syria, Turke-, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Spain, in nearly all 4hb explored paets of Africa, in Madagascar, the West Indies, North and South Anierica, be tween the 40Lh dcgree of North and a corres ponding parallel of South latitude, aid ja mpst of the islands of the worid, whicp. -lieiz tfie temperate and tortid zones." - It is thus evident that the Southern -States grow but a small quantity of the cotton -worn by the twelve hundred millions of human" be ings who inhabit the earth. Nevefthe!6ss,-. our -fibre is larger and every way -superior tb that grown alnost anywhere else. - Hence it is worth more. Our planters 'shold not I discouraged for the staple will stiH conimind very remunerative prices. But we should gently suggest that they should nbt run inad abodt cotton, and neglect the cereals and Ohit er subst-atials ,asit nay 'take the probfis of the cotton crop to supply the necessariWof existene,. Corn, wheat and'pork will tommand go9 - prices.. Mark- it. 1"DmE."-An imaginary place somewt-jis in the Southern States of America, celebrated in a popular-negro melody as a perfict para disc of luxurious case and enjoydient. The term is often used as a collective designation of the Southern States. A correspondent "of the Yc-c Orleans Delta, hag give the fullow ingaccount of the original and eay applica tion of the same: "I do not wih to spoil a pretty illusion but the real truth is that Dixie is an indigen ous Northern negro refrain, as common to thb writer as Thamp postsin New 'York dity, - iv en ty or severrty-five years ago. It was one ' the every-day allusions of boysat that time, in all their out door sports. And no one ever heard of Dixie's Land being other than Man hattan Island until recently, when it has beent erroneously supiposed to refer to the South, from its.c'nnection ith pathetic negro allego ry. When slavery existed in New York, one 'iiy' owned a large tract of land on Manhat tan Island, and -a arge nutnher-ofsla.ve.s.- h increare of the slaves and the:inceens oY Abolition sentiment caused an emigration o' the slaves to a more thorough and~secure slav~e section ; anId the negroes who wecre thus sent ofT (many beivg born there) naturally ided bacik fo their old homes, where they had Nied in clover, with feelings of regret, as they coul4 not imagine any place like Disy's. Hence it became synor4:nous with an ideal locality come bfiing ease, coinfort and material happiness of every descript ion. ~In those days..negrosing-, ing and minstrelsy were in their iriny,-and av subject thrat could be wrouight into a bal lad was eagerly picked up.- This.wasthe case with. 'Dixie.' It originated in New -York-, ar assumed the proportions of a song --here. ~in its travels it has been enTnrged and has 'gath ered moss.' It has piicked up a note here and there. A ch~orus hias been added to it; and. from an indistmect chant of t wo.or three notes it has become an elaborated melody. . Bt'ie fact that it is not a Southern song canifot be - rubbed out. The fallacy is so popniar to the contrary that I have thus~ been at pains to state the real origin of it." FROM Sann -rO NOSEI.E.-Sa ys a Io reign~ lefter : Of all the romranti.e stories in the Arabian Nights', there is none omre extraordinary than the little episode that has just occurred at St Petersburg. You will have noticed that an attempt was made to shoot the Emrperer, which was frustrated by thre promrpt action .of a young man who stcCN near the would-be assassin. That yeung marr, acting from a mome:.tary imnpulse i st.riking down the arm he s.nw raised a-gainrst his sovereigrr, ws afterwards so frightened at his own rashness that hre ran away as fast as his legs could carry im. lie was p~ursued and brought back to the peence of the Emperer, at whose feet he threw himself in a state of abject terror, as if he hte been the assassin himself. Thre Emperer raigea im, embraced and kissed him, and proclaimed him a Ru.wian noble from that hour. The ro mance of tihe st -.rv is tis: Tire nrew Russian noble, onily five mrinrutes before was a poor illiter te drude~ein a small barttesshop in St. Petersburg. A week ago his hrabits and daily o ccupation were of tire most vulgar and menial character. To-day he ranks with the most ancient nobility of the empire. A subseription was at once set.on f.ber, to provide him with means to sustain his neW dignity, and( preseIds are flowing in upon him from every direction. His photograph'is displayed in every s~hrop window, prayers are said for him in all the eh urche.s, an d a retinue of de- na's own servants are in ecastant attendance upon Em.~ The down train Tuesday night. from Petersburg to Norfolk Lad two cars thrown from the track, about twelve miles from Norfolk, by an obstinate bull that tried to butt the engine out of the way. Tie bull was knocked into a thousand pieceS. No body was hurt. A ma~n is on trial in Paris for murderiv;; sir