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I ' . . ^ ~ \ Me Cancastcr febger. *2 PER ANNUM r^^rS'Xdr IN ADVANCE 3 iorailg aai ^alitiul jQrmspaurc?Btnatrt tn tijt Jrls, iritnrrs, litftetnrt, ifitnratinn, Agriraltart, 3atrnml Sraprnnnnints, foreign anil Sotnrsiit jStma, anil tl|t Jfiatkrta. VOLUME X . LANCASTER C. H., SOUTH CAROLINA, WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 13,1861. NUMBER I [ron titK Lancaster lepokr] 1 Constitutional Catechism for 8mall School BoysNO V. ' , t | [cONCtl'DKU ] , ~. | Q Who is the Commander in chief of all jJih fo.-ces of the US.! i , fA. The 1 'resilient. I ( 'Q Has lie the ounnjand of the mi'i( 'iia of a State ! A. Not until they ate called into the j service of the U. S. Q lias lie any HH?i?tniice in dischnrg inj? the functions of his office I A. lie is aided by the counsels ami labors of the heads of the departments. IQ. (low many executive departments ! are there ! A. Seven. Q. lloar are fhey officered I A. The Preshlent appouiis, subject to the ci ntirination 01 iejection of the S. i . * i-to. ;C Q. Can the President reprieve culprit* ! c?i. v eta 1 u! crime against the U. S } A Yes: except iu cane* of impeachment. | Q IIv Hliotlt are tre tie* formed wiih I fore>gn Ci-.v eminent* I A. By the l*r Q. lla* In* unrestricted authority in I these ion!',era | I A. No: lie must l?o sustained iv tie; concurietice of two third* of the Senators i' present. Q. Does the Picsident tXvrche any ; jmlicial MUlhoriiy I A. No further limn the appointment of the Judges of the Supreme slid oilier Courts Q 1) o? :lio 1'iesideiii appoint nil the olliccrs of the Uovcrniutiul f A. No; *<-ine of .lie null eliio rr are ppointi ti lit the Courts and some hv ! file heads of dep->'tm> ntn. C .n 'lie President ever npjaru! a | Caliinel Hi. er, Mipei ior J idge, ifco , a itli ( out the |piovaloi llie Senate I A. lie may eiiiiimission such till tin* ; UeXl .Seuiuii ol the Senate * then sncli cotniiiift?ioii> expire. Q What oliicr duties devolve on the J'lesidelit I A lie iiiuvt ! ee|? Congress informed as to the Sta'e of the Unon, and recom Illrl.J ; lit* Hll'lllloll I f Mill! HlClMUIlr* NM 111m ??f ilt?* I'utiiliy iiimv demand. It km un? xj.ected ii?cr*?iiy for the Keoaion ol C uti^rch.*'ftlii'iiiil occur between 11 its ri'gulur Smiuoiik, whiti umy tin* l're* i tent du f A. He may convene IkiiJi or either ot llie llounr*. Q. If the t*u lloiiitt of Congre*x chii liot nj^rce b? the tune of adjoUri lueiit iiiiini liiry remain in aetkioii from veer <o # 1 year I ' 4 A. No : the I'le-ident chii adjourn litem. Q. Are there any oilier dulice connect ' ted with oflice I ^ A. lid hiurI tee tlint the laws are faith fnl!y esecuted? receive uinl>?*Mdnr* mid 1 CollllUlnMOIl nil oIKlkiii of the U. S. Q. Whto are lb* Prwidrnl, Vice I'thr* idem Miid other civil < (Uc?-|a lu be reinov 4 > A. Upun conviction of ireHton, I?ril>?ry ' And oilier tilth aggravated Crimea. c JU01C1AL OkeAU MKNT. Q. In wlmi it the Judicial department ' of the Government vetted f A. In a Supreme end other inferior Courts. Q. How long do the Judges of the ft Ml /I ? - . ? u . O. ?yUUIll CIIIIINlUt lit udlcl I A. During life, (denture, or good be jhnviour. ^ Q. To what matter* doea lite Judical ?|i#itd f : A. 'To nil c*act in Uw mul equity n V ,ri?iug under (lie Cumulation, the Ihw* of the U. 8., nod treatiea made, mi l which elinil be ninde uioler (heir authority ; In ^ ell canea affecting ambassador*, and other j *" public mioitiert and consult ; to nil cnaet ! jaf admiralty and tuaratune jurisdiction ; C |o cootrorerttee to wbieh tin. U. 8. tlmll be a pnrty ; to controreraiet Uaern two 1 or more States, between m Hint* and ciii I * sent of another Hi ale; between citizen* of ( . o a gin?rw( mate* ; oetween cuisena of tb? " earn* Slate claiming land* under grama fit different SiilM, and between a Stale or I bo eiliiene thereof and foreign Stale*, * nilianna of ubjecU." 1 Q. In what caaea ha* the Supreme * fViutl etrininnl iiirtMliH ><* > I A. All thoM nflWttng *m !>* ? <)or?, minuter* And comuls, and tiioae in which ? 8ut? *11*11 U Q Wbftl it it* jwri?dw>i <n iu all other < U. 8- CM*. A. Afpelhtt* I Q W? Imfft mi iirp?*clim?nl* are liM bI ifct } bow Ml ?U other ? U. S. cases tried t A liv a Jury. i Q. Where must the trial be ? A. In the oiine State .vhete ibe offence whs committed. t i Q. If ibe crime is committed in a Ter- I ilory wbere must the trial be ? i A. Congress determines that matter by aw. Q. What is treason against the United States ? A. "Levying war against them, or ad - j lering to tlieir enemies, giving them aid tnd comfort." Q. How many witnesses are necessary ,o convict a man of treason ? A. Two. Q. It one witness testifies to one act, rtid tlie oilier to a different act, will their eslimonv convict ? A. No : they must testify to the same ut. < 2 Are the pnhlie ac's, records and ju- | 1 ci.J p:o <e ling* of any State to l>a re j :ei > d as testimony in al! the others. A Such evidence is always compe- j en l. 12- If citizens in one S.ate emigrate to mother are tliey sulject to naturalization aws { A. No : properly speaking they are in- j militants of Stuies ; but citizens of the . J. S. 12. It* a per?oti commit crime in on - j Hale u.d llv to an oilier, w i.l lie escape , tistice \ A. The Executive of llnJ bt.itc from ! vhich he baa tied demands l.iul ol the j ixecutive of the Slate in winch be is ( otiiul, ai d lie i? delivered up fur trial. | U If a slime escape from a slave Statu I mo a free State, is that Slate bound l<> 1 leiivcr up I lie slave f A. It is uucoudilmnahy bound. k2 it H Stale refuses to facilitate . uc" ecovery, or in any way obstruct* it ; is I li><I a aiettib ol the ledeisl .-oiopact ( A It certainly is. It out) J'arty in a Inderal ong ge lieiil ilu.iegard I S pledges, docs lliai. tj ei.se the other I A Sucii is the law ol morn *. May rujrii released party ; ropei \ HtndragM^hii the compact ! A. Sucn is itsjtrwiliye, au<l usually it ? its duty to exerv.se i'.<2 If a Stale withold* us ja.ls, onacth aw? ami places other obstructions in ib>*n) of such rendition, would the I'rer.ileiil he justifiable in otduiiug out the sr nv Kliti litil'V l/? 1'Jtori'O ft.irtli v? -?o i A. Ho i." not only justifiable, but duty uiperatively requires it. If be omit it id liia oath violated I A As much ho a* if lie neglect to pro- ! vrt and defend lto* tori*, arsenals, tnag.i* .. us and other properiy ol the Li. 8. Can a Near fMate l e formed by the , 11) ion of two Slates? or fragments ot otb ir 8lal?.t | A. Not without the consent of the ^egislaturea of these Slates, and also ol ' Jo n gross. Q. What form of Governuieut does he U. 8. g uarati'y to every State f A. A Republican. Is the U. 8. hound to protect each j ?f the Stales from a foreign iliviisoU } A. Y es : and *'B? I'uin domestic vio I ence, when applied to hv the Executive it legislature of that 8tate. (I Is any p4o vision made for amend' nc the Constitution ? A. Yes. Q. Are ibe amendments of equal au horny witli the original document t A. They are on an equality, l|. Ltuw cau the Constitution be amen led | A, By a vole of two thirds of both douses of Congress : or by a constitution :nil*d lor tbe purpo*e. When luufti o.ngrern call a convert. | iuu for lhal purpote I A Wbeti il i* demanded lij the 1 iinturcs ol Iwo'tlnrdt of '.be aeveral ilalea. <d When do auclt amendment* be iuirte Valid I A. When ratified by ibe L??j{islHlure?, { ir convention* of tlifec fotulb* of the Hale*. I 14. Can any 8'.ate b? deprived of equal utfragM lo the ben te f A. No. 14 Were any debit or obligations coif , racted under the articlue 0} Confederal , ion cancelled by the adnpuuu of the Jui.tutution I A. No : Ute parties were eiill bound. Q. Wben "m Ue Constitution lo be< '..mi OMralita V A. As soon as milled by eonsenliont f nine of tba Hi Hies. N<4. U any form of religion ntsbimbtd . ty iaw in iba U. 8 t A. No : aU are encouraged but none 4)|>j?orteU, Q. Is any religious te6t requisite for eligibility to oftice ? A. None. Q. Is tiie constitution of the tbe U. S. . an nihu'rablo document; and well caleu- | lated, if followed, to secure the prosperity , ' and happiness of the people ? A. Yes. Yes Yes. I ( SYLVAN US URBAN. | ??I I Bates of Postage in the Confederate 8tates of America- { The Montgomery Advertiser publishes i the following simplified statement of tlio < rate of tostage under the Act of the 1 ConOreRS t>{ ill" o.-?? -r r ??v wvinvucinia oimtrit u: | America, adopted on llio 21st February, , 1861. It must be borne in mind that I the Act is to go into effect "from and after such period as lite Postmaster General 1 may, by proclamation announce KATES OF POSTAGE, lift wen placet within the Confederate j States of America. ON LfcTTKUS. single letters not exceeding a half ounce I in weight ? Fur any distance under 500 inilcs, 5 cent*. For any distance over 500 miles, 10 cents. An additional single rate for each ad- I dttional half ounce or less. 1 >roj? letters 2 cents each. In the foregoing cases, tlie> postage to be pre paid by stamps or stamped enrel ope*. Advertised letters 2 crnts each. (IX I'ACKAOKS. Containing other than printed or written matter; money packages are included !U lb is via*s t To b* rated bv weight as letters are . rated, and ,o It charged d"ub!? the rates , ( i f post 17e on letters, ,o wit i l*' .r iiny ! stance UL<ier 500 luile*, 10 J rent* ! >r ifHili half c.i ice or ioss. , Km h: v uihi.ihl-0 o??sr 500 miles, 20 i'?ni? foi ? hcIi U.iif oin "e or iw?*. 3n in. c.ifett to Ikj prepaid by stamp* or Hlipf ! viire!'ipe.t. OS y K A 81* A I'KltS. ; , Sent to regular mi ! Ii'jiih title subset! I , uii* ! li ; isii. o ut publication, wnd , . lift exceeding 3 oUticPi in i\?V|it ! Wit hi,, the St'ii. telure published. i t WeckSv pup. r, 0 12 cent- per quarter. J I Su.i.i Weekly p><| .r 13 rents uer quar- I t*r. ? 'iii Week I) paper, 39 12 cents per , > n.uirtPi I l>.illv pxp-r, 39 cents per quarter. < 111 III' illsi.n, Ins poit<?>??i t<? be paul I pii.ru'r'y ill ndv.it.-M at the oilices of lite < nill'SCI bets. I i Without the State where published. 1 Weekly paper, 13 rents per quarter. , Semi Weekly paper, 26 cents per quarter. *l*ii Weekly paper, 39 rents per quar er. Daily paper, 78 renin per quarter. Iii all runes, tlie p. mane to be paid quarterly in advance al the oilices of the subscribers. ON 1'KRIOUICAI.S. Sent to regul'.r and bona fide subscri i t- ? - -1 al t ? . >er? iruni use uuice 01 publication hiuJ not exceeding 1 1 2 ounces in weight: Within the State trhere published Moiillny, 3 reins jut quarter or I cent fur Mitch uuinher. Scii i niunthly, 0 cents per quarter or 1 ct nl for each nuiiiher. An additional cent each number for every additional ounce or less, beyond the tifat 112 ounces. Ik-monthly or Quarterly, 1 cent an unco. 1 2u nil risen, the (Ullage to be pnid i ijutirlcrli/ in advance at the cilices ol sub < kcriners. < Without the State vthere published Not exceeding 112 ounces in weight: Monthly 0 cents per quarter or 2 cents ' for each number. J Semi monthly 12 cents per quarter or 2 cents tor each number. Two cents additional for every addi t onal ounce or less, beyond the ttrsl 112 ounces. lti monthly or Quark, 2 cents an ounce. . In cases, the postage to be paid i/uarinUpin advance at the ollicea of the j sul | ON 1 tt AN8IKK T PHINTKD MATTKIt. , Kverv other newspaper, pamphlet, p? , riodic-hl and iniig^zine, each circular not i healed, hand hill and eiuravnu/. i.ni ?? " ~ - p' ? ' ceedmg three ounce* in weight, two cents ! f?ir any dntm.ee; two cent* addition*! for each additional ouuca or lese beyond the Kr?t thfeo ounce*. (n all cat**, the postage to l>* prepaid by tamps or stamped envelopes, ruanici.no privilkuk. TIi# following person# only are entitled to ilie (ranking privilege, and in all cases strictly oonjiued to "cHicial business j" p.jatmasler General, li s Chief Clerk. Auditor of the Treasury for the Postollice Department,* Deputy postmasters. We recommend our readers to cut tLie out, and preserve it for reference until familiar wiili all its provisions. A worthy Dutchman lately aued hie neigh'* >r f? r kilbug a dog. Iu the course of hn examination, the Dutchman being i a-ksd what was ibe value of hiadog, replied?"Ash for ter dog, he was wort ii.>no st all ; but as h? vas *o mean as to ki him, ! swear 1 uiakes him pay te full value of him.** PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS. j ?o? _ 1 , Fellow Citizens of the United States : ' | In compliance with a custom as ol<l as | llio Government itself, I appear before | rou, to address you briefly, and to take, I n your presence, the oalli prescribed by \ tlie Consiituiion of the United Stales to 1 | be taken by the President before lie en- ! | ters on the execution of his ollice. j < I do not consider it necessary at pros- i snl for ine to discuss those matters of ad- > ministration about which there is uo sue- i ciaI anxiety orexcitement. Apprehension I seems 10 exist among the people of tlie ' I Southern Slates, that hy the accession of I a Republican Administration, their properiy and thei* peace and personal securi- ' I ly, are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such ap- i prehension. Indeed, the most ample ov- i ideiice to the contrary has all the while ' existed, and been open to their inspec- h lion. It is found in nearly all th? published apeetdies of him who now addresses you. I do but quote from one of those speeches j when I declare tliat I have no purpose, I directly or indirectly, to interfere with the ' institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do no, and I have no inclination to do ao. Those who nominated and elected me, did so with the full knowledge that I had made this and many similar decla- | rations, and had never recnnted them ; and more than this, they placed in the platform for my acceptan -p, and as a law < to theipselv?! and to me, the clear and ! emphatic resolution which I now read : licsotved, That the maintenance invio I late of tile rights of iho States, and es. j penally the right of each State to order i and control its own domestic institutions j I according to its own judgment exclusive 11 iv, is essential to that balance of power j I 30 which the perfection and endurance ? jf our political fabric depend, and we do- i 30t:r'Ce the lawless invasion by aimed ' force of tho soil of any State or Territory, t ii> matter under what pretext, as among r [lie gravest of ciiiuei. ' I n ?w reiterate these sentiments, and ' n doing so, I only press upon the put}iio t itte< lion the most conclusive evidence of t which the case is susceptible, that the i properly, peace and security of no section j I ue to to in anywise endangered by tlie | i iow incoming Administration. I add to ! I oat, all 1110 protection which, consistent s v with the Constitution and the laws. 1 ;hu be given, will bo cheerfully given to j } <11 the States when lawfully demanded, ! c "r w hatet er cause, as cheerfully to one c lection as another. There is much con j a Lrover*v about I he delivering up of fugi I ti jtes fr<?in service or labor, 'lhe clause I a ii jw read is as plainly written in the Con t oitnlion as any other of its provisions ; v No person held to service or labor in one i State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any t law or regulation therein, be discharged ' < from such service or labor, but shall be ' le!ive:ed up on cltiin of the party to j I whom such service or labor inav be due." 1 t It is scarcely questioned t'lat this provis I i ion was intended by those wlu> made it ; j for the reclaiming of what we call fugi j I live elates, ar.*' the intention of the law i given in the law that all members of j Congress swear their support to?thj H w hole Constitution, to this provision as i much as to any oilier. To the proposi. 1 i (ion, then, that slaves whose cases Come I within the terms of this clause shall be . 1 delivered up, their oaths are unanimous. Now' if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not, with nearly rqu tl unanimity, frame and pass a law I bj means of which to keep good that unanimous oath. There is some ditfe" I ance of opinion as to whether this clause should be enforced by National or by < Slate authorities, hut surely that differ* I ence is not a very material one. i If ihesiave is to be surrendered, it can I be of but litiie consequence to him or to < others, hy which authority it it done? i end should any one in any care be con ; teol that his oath shall go unkept on a < merely unsubstantial controversey as to i how it shall be kept. Again, in any law i upon Ibis subject, ought not all the safei < guards of liberty known in civilized life, t :ivilized and humane jurisprudence, to I Lie introduced, so that a freeman be not, n any cane, surrendered as a slave ; and < might it not he well, at the aame lime, i to provide by law lor the enforcement of I that clause in the Constitution, which I ju-uantees that the citizens ot each State j 1 dial! lie entitled to all the privileges and t immunities of citizens in the several States. t I tske the official oath to day with no t mental reservations, and with no purposs i to construe the Constitution or laws by t sny by procntical rules. , I And while I do not choose now to spec \ i fy particular acta of Congiesa at proper ^ j Lo bo enforced, I Jo suggest that it w ill ; 1 be much safer for all, both in official and j I private stations, to conform to and abide [ ( by all iboae act* which eland unrepealed, > 1 than to violate any of them, trusting lo i t tind impunity in having them held to be . r constitutional. t It it seventy two years since the first , < inauguration of a President under our ! i National Constitution. During that pe. i riod fifteen different and greatly diatin i puiehed citifens, have, in succession, ad- i ministered the Executive braneh of the | ],i??mntAMl TK?a .J? ? il 1? I .1)rough many porila, generally ?ilh g'aat kucc?M. Yat *i(b all Ibia acopo for pr?a j sadant, I bow antor upon tba tattia luk | < uf t!i? briaf oontliUlioanl tarro of four i F?ar?, untlar groat and peculiar diflieul- > M * i A disruption of the Federal Union 1 < heretofore only menaced, is now formida- i bly admitted. I liold that in conlempla- ? lion of universal law and of the Consti- I t t'lliou, the Union of those States is per- i I petual. Perpetuity is implied, if not ex- I t pressed, in the fundamental law of Na- I tional Governments. It is safe to assert f that no Government proper ever had a ^ provision in its organic law for its own t termination. Cont.uue to execute all the I f sxpress provisions of *>ur National Con- ! t stitution, and the Union will endure for- ! ( ever; it being impossible to destroy it, 1 s except bv some action not provided for in t the instalment itself. Again, if the Uni- j I Led States be not a Government proper, 1 i but an association of States in the nature i of contract merelv. can it. as a onnira. i ! i - - , ? - ? I be practically un made by less limn a!I I the parlies who inhHh it ? One party to 1 a contract may violate it, brenk it, so to ) fpeak, but does it not require all to law- j fu'ly rescind it? Descending from these general principles, we find the conclusion i that in legal contemplation the Union is ! perpetual, confirmed by the history of the ' Union itself. I The Union is much older than the | Constitution ; it was formed in fact by the Articles of Association in 1774 ; it t was matured and continued by the Dec- ' laration of Independence in 1770 ; it was further matured and the faith of a!i these j thirteen States expressly pledged and en gaged that it should be tieroetnal l.v ill a i Articles of Confederation 1778, and finally, in 1787. One of the declared oh- j jeets for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to perform n more per* foot Union. But if destruction of the : Union by one or by a part only of the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less perfect than before tbe Constitution, ! having lost the vital element of perpetui. | ty. it follows fruin these views that no H'ale upon its own mere motion, car, law po|ly go out of the Union ; that resolves in I ordinan es to that effect ire legally I roiJ, and H at acts of violence within ukv j i Slate or States against the authority of , < he United Slates, are insurrectionary, or j i evolutionary, according to circumstances j [, therefore, consider that in view of the I < /Otistitution and the laws, the Union is ' ' inhroken, and, *.o the extent of my abili- ( i y, I slinil t?ko care, as the Constitution , i Uelf expressly cnjoiiid upon me, thai tin! j t awtoflhb Union be faithfully executed j t it all the States. Do ng this I deem to \ t ?e only a simple duty on ray part, and I | a hall perform it so fir as practicable, uri ' j est my rightful masters?the American j c reople?shall withold the requisite means, t >r in some authorized manner direct the ' e outrnry. I trust this will not be regarded r is a menace, but as the declared purpose I if the Union. That it will constitution- v illy defend ami maintain itself in doing ?! his tlieie needs to be no b'oodshcl or c iolenee, and there shall be none, unless I l l>e forced upon tl e National authority, c The power confided to me will l>e used e o hold, occupy and Dos.ess the or oner tv 1 I - ( ? r -1 ? J ~ nid places belonging lo the Government ? ?l inij to collect the duties nod imports; c >ul be) oud what 111 ny bo necessary for | lies*) objects there will be no invasion? c 10 using of force against or among the I people any where. \V here hostility to the S United States in any interior locality i shall be so great and so universal as to ! f prevent competent resident citizens from ' o bo'ding tlx Federal oilier*, there will be \ t no ail* nipt to force obnoxious strangers j t among the peop'e for that object. While I the strict legal right may exist io the i i GoveruiQvnt to enforce the exercise of f these ofliees, the attempt to do so would I he so irrational, and so nearly impractica 1 hie withal, that I deem it heller to forego fur the lime thu urea of such cilices. * The n a Is, unless repelled, will con- ! * Linne to he furnished in all parts of the 1 i Union. So far as possib'e, the people J1 every where shall have that sense of per * feci security which is most favorable t<? * jool thought and talk-el ion. The course 1 Irere indicated will he followed, unless i :urienl events and experience shall show 1 ? moditicblioti or change to he proper, ?iiil in every case and exigency, my best 1 J iteration will ba exercised according to I nrcuiuslances actually existing, and with I I view and a hopo of a j*eaceful solution ; >f the national trouble and the restore.ion of frulernal4sympathies and stlec- j ,iunn. j i Tlmt there are persons in one section >r another who seek to destroy the Union |! it all event*, and are glad of any pretext o do it, 1 will neither affirm or deny ; j I >ut if thero be such I need address no | i word to them. To those, however, who ( eally !o\e the Unioit, may I not apeak ? ! l>efure entering upon ?o grave a mat i er a* the destruction of our National fal>- i ic, wah all its benefits, its memories, and I Is hopes, would it not be wise to ascer < ain, precisely, why we do it. Will you < mzaid so desperate a step, while there ia < my possibility that any portion of the ilia t foe ily from have no real existence I? ? Will yon, while the certain it's you fly to i ire greater than all the real ones jou fly I I rom, will you risk the commission of so 1 esifui a mistake f All profess to be com i ni in the Union, if all constitutional i ighls can be maintained. Is it true then < hat any right, plainly written in the , Jonwlitution, has oeen denied 1 I think ?ot. Ilapply, ihs human micd is so con j i itituted, that no part can reach to the , tudacity of doing this thing. You can- ; i ?... r.._ uw . ?i- :? iui iii i?ivii n initio iiibmiiii'v, 111 wnicn h < plainly written provision of the Cooititu- i ion tihi over been denied. If by the toere force of numbers a ma 1 oihy should deprive a nrtoorlty of any Nearly written constitutional right, it < night, in a moral point of view, justify i evolution. It OWvUiaiy would, if aucn < Ijbl were a vital ana, but such ? not < >ur case. Alt the vital rights of mioori> | I ica and of individuals are so plainly aa < urocl to them by affirmations and nego- ' i Nations, guaranties and prohibitions, in : i lie Constitution, that controversies never i ?rise concerning them ; but no organic j aw can ever be framed with a provision t pecitically applicable to everv question i which may occur in practical administra> ? ion. No foresight can anticipate, nor I my document of reasonable length con- i I ain express provisions (oi all possible ]ueslions. Shall fugitives from li?Knr t,a I < surrendered by National or by State au t liority the Constitution does not express- 1 y say. May Congress prohibit slavery , < n the Territories the Constitution does | tot expressly say. Must Congress pro- | teet slavery in the Territories the Constiution does not expressly say. I From questions of this class springs all \ )tir constitutional controversies, and we i livtde upon tlieui into Majorities and mi i rorities. II the minority will not acqui i | !sce, the msjority must or the Govern- j nent must cease. Tbero is no other aL ; .ernative for continuing the Government's I j icquiesence on one side or the other. If i i a minority in such case will secede rather bun vcquiesce, they make a precedent i which in time will denounce and ruin i thetn, for a minority of their own will se cede Irom ibem whenever h minority re- i ruses to he controlled oy such minority, i Kor instance : Why may not any portion i of a new Confederacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again precisely j as portions of the present Union now ( claim to secede from it ? All who cber j \ ish disunion sentiments are now being | | educated to the exact temper of dying | ( this. Is there such peifcct identity of 11 interests among the Stales to compose a ! new Union as to produce harmony ot:ly, and prevent renewed secession ? Plainly, the central idea of secession i is the essence of anarch v. A majority ^ held in restraint by constitutional checks and limitations, and always changing en- i | sily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is the only tine , sovereign of a free people. Whoever re i iects it d. es of necessity fly to anarchy . >r despotism. Unaniroi y is impossible. I he rule of a minority, as a permanent irrnngement, is wholly inadmissable.? so that rejecting the majority principle, i ' innreby or despotism, iu some form, is ill that is left. I do not forget the posi 1 ion assumed by some, that Constitution ' J questions are to be decided l>y the Su reme Court, nor do I deny that such de- e miens must ho binding, ill uny case, upon ho parties to a suit, while they are also milled to very high respect and cons'riw alion in all parallel cases by all other )epartmcnts of the Government ; and ? v It tie it is obviously possible that such " leciaion may he erroneous in any given a?e, still the evil effects following it being c 'united to that particular case, with the ^ hnnce that it may be overruled, and nev j t r become a precedent for other cases, one j ? utter he borne than could the evils of n i v Liferent practice. At the same time the ' * undid citizen must confess that if the j tolicy of the Government, upon vt'.nl j V preslions atfecting the whole people, is to > C >e irrevocably flted by decisions of tho ! 8 hipreme Court, the instant they are made 11 n ordinary litigation between parties in * lersonttl actions, the people will have c cased to 110 their own rulers, having to " hat extent practically resigned their " Government into the hands of that emi- 8 lent tribunal ; nor is there in this view li my assault upon the Courts or the J mi- r {68. It is a duty from which they may k not shrink to decide eases properly 1 toought before them ; and, it ia no fault >f theirs, if others ?ek to turn their do- a visions to political purposes. One section i of our country believes slavery is right e and ought to be extended, while the other 1 believes it is wrong, and ought not to be t extended. This is the only substantial t dispute. The fugitive slave clause of the r Constitution and the law for the snppres. < sion of the foreign slave trade, are as just i as any law can ever be, in a community t where the moral senso of the people im- | perfectly supports the law itself. The | (Trent body of the people abide by the i dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over in each. I think this can j not he cured, and that it would be worse , in both cases, after the separation of the , sections than before. , The foreign slave trade, now imperfect' , ly suppressed, would he ultimately revived . without restriction, in one section, while Fugitive slaves, now only partially surren. dered, would not he surrendered at all, Physically speaking, wo cannot sepa* rate, we cannot remove our respective 1 m,uvi? iiviii rnvii uiuer, nur UUIIU Mil I impassable wall between tliein. A bus- , l?Mnd And wiftf may be divorced, nr.d go iul of tliM presence And beyond the reach if each other ; but the different parts of iur country cannot do this. They canDot but remain lace to face?and inter* "ourse, either amicable or hostile, must ' sonttnue between them. Is it pos*iblp, then, to make that intercourse more ad vantxgeoua and more satisfactory after separation than before t Can aliens make treaties f Can aliens make laws t Can treaties be more faithfully enforced i between Aliens than lawa can among i friends! Suppose yon go to war, you ( cannot iigbt always ; and when, after much loss ou both aides, and no gain on j < either, you cease fighting, the identical , o'd (juenionn, as to le?m? of intercourse, i re again upon you I TIo'k country, with he institution*, bo | longs to tho people who inhabit it.? , Whenever they ball grow weary of the existing Government, they can exercise heir oonstitutioaal right of amending it, >r their revolutionary right to dismember ; tt overthrow it, I cannot be ignorant of i ?> <?? i Ux<.! -y <%% >w lie fact that many worthy and paliiotic titizens are deshous of having '.lie Natiouil Constitution amended. \vliile I make jo recomn'k udation of amendment, I fully ecognize the rightful authority of the leople over the whole subject, to tcised in either of the modes prescribed ^IhP n the instrument itself, and 1 should, un jer existing circumstances, favor rather iban oppose a fair opportunity being afforded the people to act unon it. 1 will venture to add, that to me the Convention mode aeeros preferable, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people themselves, instead of anly permitting them to take or reject propositions originated by others not especially chosen for the purpose, aud which might not be precisely such as they would, wish to either accept or re fuse. I understand a proposed amend' ruinl to the Constitution, (which amendment, however, I have not seen.) haa passed Congress, to the < fleet that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the domestic institnlions of the States, including that of persona held to rer vice. To avoid misconstruction of what I have raid, I depart from my purpose, not to rpeak of particular amendimnts, so far as to say that holding such a provision to be now the implied constitutional law, 1 ha^e no objection to Us being made express snd irrevocable. The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and they have inferred none upon him to fix terms for lltO fiotiartlion /vf !?<% O? - * ?1 -v VI uic oinirs, me people themselves can do this also if they choose hut the Executive, as such, has nothing to do with it. His duly is to adniihis'er the present Government as it came to his hand?, and to transmit it unimpaired by iiim to iiis successor. Why should there not ho a patient con> fidence in the ultimate justice of the |>eo> pie ! Is there any better or equal hope in the world? In our present differences is either parly without faith of being in the right ? May the Almighty liu'er of Nations with his eternal truth and justice >e on your side of the North, or on jours jf the truth. That truth and that justice trill surely prevail by the judgment of this jreat tribunal?tbe American people. Hy the form of Government under vhich we live, litis same people have visely given their public set van ts but lit le power for mischief, and have with qua! wisdom provided for the return of lint little to their own hands at very short nterTals. While the people retain their irtue and vigilance no Administration, iy any extreme of wickedness or folly, an very seriously injure the Government a the short space of four years. My countrymen, one and all, think altnly and well upon this whole subject, Nothing valuable can be lost hy taking iine. If there be an object to hurry any f you in hot haste to ? step which you rould never take deliberately, that object rill he frustrated by taking; but no good bject can bo frustrated by it. Such of ou as are dissatisfied, still have tbe old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the genitive point, the laws of your own framing nder it. When the new Administration rill have no immediate power, if it should hange, even if it were admitted that you tho are dissatisfied, hold the tight side it the dispute. There slHl is no single ;ood reason for precipitate action. Intelgence. patriotism,Christianity, and a firm eliance on klins who has never yet for?a< e? this favweed land, are atill competent o adjust all our present difficulties. In your Lands, my dissatisfied fiiends ,nd countrymen, and not in mine, is the nomentous issue of civil war. The Gov' rnment will not assail you. You can ?ave no conflict without being yourselves he aggressors. You have no oath retisered in Heaven to destroy the Govern nent, while I shall have the most solemn >?e to preserve, protect and defend it. T no loth to cease to hulieve that we are lot enemies but friends. We must not je enemies, though psssion may have es ranged ; it must not break our bonds of iffeclioti. The mystic chord of memory stretchng from every battle field and patriot jrave, to every loving heart and hearthitone, all over tbia broad laud, will yet iwell the chorus of the Union, whei? igain tonclied, as surely they will be by ho better instincts cf our nature. Remarkable Surgical CiteWe have recently had, in Columbia, a very remarkable surgical case, which we think worthy of recital. On the 4ih of January, Cornelius Toobey, in a fit of mauta a poiu, made two incisions in his abdomen, and cut off, with his koife, two pieces, each about one foot in length, of the smaller intestine. He w as taken in charge by Dr. J McF. Gsston, who was assisted by Dr. W. C. Freeman, The haggled ends were clipped off, so '.hat near three feel of the intestine wer<i taken out. The two ends were brought together, and sowed with silver wire. The two incisions were opened into one by tli?> surgeon, which, after ll*? operation upon the intestine, wm tewed up also, ? ' and the patient carried to tbe Poor llouee. Little or no Lope wat entertained uf bia recovery, but, to tbe eetoniabme?t of all cognisant with the eaeo, he dideur rive end, on tbe 28tb of February, *tf&ed from tbe Poor House to tbelaMli Cliw-. lina Railroad Depot, and wejMTMr a well man.? South CWofmuM* djjpfr ?m 11?- 4t'X iJkjH .v A cipfar ie eeldom <WIfiant to %y rounir ladv when tbe .iiaaftfc- thai bof i< U> I