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COST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION Much Depends on Amount and Char acter of Grading Necessary-Oth er Factors Considered. (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) The cost of a road is dependent up on not only the type of construction, but the amount and character of grad ing to be done, the cost of labor and materials, the width and thickness of surfacing, the character and amount of drain?ge required, and other fac tors of equal variability. Based upon general averages, it has been ascer tained by highway specialists of the United States department of agricul? ture that under average conditions mac adam roads can be built in southern states at from $4,000 to $5,000 per mile, gravel roads at from $1,500 to $2,500 per mile, and sand-clay and top soil reads at from $800 to $1,500 per mile. In New England and the other eastern states, macadam roads are re ported at from $6,000 to $9,000 per mile, gravel roads at from $3,200 to $5,000, and bituminous macadam from $8,000 to $1.3,000, according to the character of construction, whether sur face-treated, penetration, or mixing method. The bituminous type is quite general in the eastern states. As indicating costs in other sections of country, the state highway commis sioner of Michigan reported in 1913 the average cost for macadam roads $4,300 per mile, clay-gravel roads $1, 600 per mile, and concrete roads about $10,000 per mile. The average cost of Improved Michigan Road. state highways constructed in Ohio in 1913 was $8,383. According to types in 1912, the brick-paved highways av eraged $14,650 per mile and the mac adam highways $5,950. In California the first 356 miles of the state system of highways cost an average of $8, 143 per mile and consisted principally of thin concrete with a thin coat of bitumen. The maximum and mini mum figures given in this paragraph are not absolute, but are intended to present the usual range of costs. The rates given Include grading, drainage, surfacing, and engineering costs. BOOSTER FOR BETTER ROADS Cost of Transportation of Produce to Market is Lessened-Ditch, Drain and Drag Roads. Good roads not only cheapen the cost of transporting farm produce to market, but make the country a de sirable place to live in. We hear muchjalk about federal aid for good roads, yet if we watt for this movement to crystallize into a reality, the people of the country will be riding in mud for some time to come. The thing to do is to take off coats and buckle into a plan for local road improvement. Be a booster for the grading of roads and follow up the work with the King road drag for maintenance. ? The principle of all good roads in all States is the same, viz., keeping the water out and off of the roadbeds. Ditch, drain and drag the roads. This is the tripod of good road building. ADVANTAGES OF GOOD ROADS Scarcely Secondary to Rafi Transpor tation In Their Far-Reaching Ef fect on Civilization. The two great necessities of modern life are education and trans portation, for civilization travels in the wake of good schools and good roads. Good roads lead in more good directions than the most far-seeing can contemplate. Commerce begins on the country roads and byways; they affect school attendance and lit eracy; they control markets and prices, values of land, the develop ment and contentment of the people, the cost and pleasure of living, and are scarcely secondary to rail trans- J portation in their far-reaching effect, j They determine the character and growth of the community, and the necessity for them cannot be overes timated, for a country that isn't worth a good road isn't worth living in. _? Idaho Boosts Good Roads. The Southern Idaho Motor associa tion was perfected at Boise, Idaho, for the purpose of making a good roads campaign in southern Idaho. This marks an important step toward giving impetus to the good roads movement in the state. Keep Weeds Down. It does not take long to mow the growth along the roadside, ditch banks and fence rows. You could do It going to and from the fields oftimes, ot when you have an hour to spare. - - / BEAUTY AND GOOD HABITS r - ?Tao Few Seem to Recognize the Pari i ! That Health Plays in Matter of j Appearance. : It is Impossible to be beautiful with out being healthy. Health is the foun dation of beauty. If one wants to be really beautiful, the beauty must be more than skin deep. The trouble with most people is that they are quite sat isfied with a beauty that is superficial enough to deceive the onlooker. Beau ty includes vigor and efficiency. To be really beautiful one must have not only a beautiful face, b*t beautiful hands as weil; not simply a good com plexion all over. Not infrequently a persoc's body is covered with pimples. With such blemishes on the face one would feel very badly, but so long as they are out of sight, they are^not re garded. However, they mean the same thing as if they were face pimples. They mean that the whole body is in a state of uncleanness and of low re sistance because of this uncleanness. The only way to be really beautiful is to live beautifully, to live rightly. That means to live naturally. For ex ample, if one is aiming to be beauti ful, one Jiust eat beautiful things, be cause our bodies are made of what we eat. If one ei.ts corpses, how can one expect to be beautiful? But if oue eats the beautiful fruits and nuts that are hung from the trees, inviting us to reach -up and partake-if one eats these and other natural foods* that na ture has prepared for us, that are all pure and sweet and good and clean, then one may have normal, clean blood, and tte result of good, clean blood will be a clear skin and a good complexion. A lady once asked the writer what was good for her complex ion, and we told her oatmeal. She said, "Do you mean rub it on?" "Yes," we said, "rub it on, and rub it in swallow it."-J. H. Kellogg, M. D., in Good Health. LITTLE DANGER FROM BOOKS Infectious Diseases Not Likely to Be Transmitted, ls Opinion Offi cially Expressed. Tho fact that infectious diseases may sometimes be conveyed by books has led to exhaustive investigations to determine just how much danger there may be from this source, particularly in public libraries and waiting-rooms. The particular disease investigated as the one most likely to be transmit ted, was tuberculosis, and the conclu sions reached are gratifying and reas suring, as follows: There is probably no material risk involved in handling Dooks recently read by consumptives unless the books are obviously soiled. Even then the risks are slight. But in order to pro vide against possible infection it is suggested that suspected books should be placed in "quarantine" for a month -that is. placed in a room where there is free circulation of air, such as one with a window open. At the end of 30 days all germs of tuberculosis, and probably all other germs likely to be found in the books, will have been killed. Air for the Human House. Your body ls a human house, the place in which you live. Food alone cannot make this house a healthy place. The lungs, the ventilators of the house, must be filled and refillea many times each minute with pure, fresh air. The air breathed deep into the tiny cells of the lungs, meets and purifies the blood which has been sent there by the heart, the great pump in your hu man house. This pump is kept busy every moment. It must gather the wasteladen blood from every part of the body and send it to the lungs, then it must take the purified blood back to the farthest point of the human house. Sometimes invisible enemies, the microbes, creep into the human house and try to steal our health away. Noth ing can do more in the way of driving these little enemies out than our ven tilators, the lungs, when they are al lowed an abundance of fresh air. Tyranny of Power. No citizen can do a higher duty than to resist the majority when he believes it wrong; to assert the right of individual judgment, and to main tain it; to cherish liberty of thought and speech and action against the tyranny of his own or any party. Tili that tyranny, yearly growing more burdensome as the main object of an old party becomes more and more the retention or the regaining of pow er, instead of the success of the fresh, vivid principles on which new parties are always organized-till that tyranny is in some measure broken, we shall get few questions considered on their merits, and fail-as we are failing to bring the strong men into the serv ice of the state.-Whitelaw Reid. William Morris and Paul Polret. We pay homage daily to Paul Poiret as an apostle of good line and brilliant color in dress, but the world does not half know or praise what William Mor ris did in interior decoration. Working as did Poiret he banished the superfi cial, artificial, superfluous adornment of personal belongings. Down went the spurious, up came the genuine, un der his teachings. And yet, the most that the many know of him is that he gave his name to a reclining chair. The very phrase "Nottingham cur tains" would discourage him in the same way as it pains Poiret to see a woman wearing a string of pearls with a tailored suit, as so many hun dreds of American women, unfortu 1 nately, have a habit of doing. MISTAKE TO CHANGE BREEDS Start With the Kind Liked Best and slick to lt-Cul! Poor Specimens and Buy Better Ones. To change breeds every now and then is poor practice. Cne should be very careful before the particular breed is chosen. To use a Holstein sire one year in order to obtain a large flow of milk, a Guernsey sire an other year to secure richness of milk, and a Shorthorn sire the next time, is the wrong principle to employ in the breeding and raising of good cows. Jn<Joubtedly some good cows will be obtained in the herd from such methods of procedure, but there will be no uniformity of size, form, appear ance and production, and th? owner has no assurance of what he is going to get in the future. It is a case of too many in the mixture, and it Is guesswork as to which one will come to the top. First, select the breed with great care, then stick to it. If a mistake is made the first time in obtaining poor specimens and poor producers, then rectify the mistake as soon as possible by selecting the right kind of a sire belonging to the same breed to head the herd, or by selling the animals Typical Dutch Milker. already bought, and purchasing bet ter individuals belonging to the same breed. It is usually safer to try to improve within the same breed than it is'to improve by changing to a different breed. There are good individuals and good strains within any of the breeds intended for a particular purpose. INFLUENCE COLOR OF BUTTER Markets Demand Yellow Tint Which lt Supplied by Use of Dyes or Character of Cow's Feed. Although it is a fact that some dairy breeds give yellower milk than others, even though it may be no richer in fat, the thing of greatest influence In color is the kind of feed the cows are getting. Market demands call for a yellow butter, which is supplied in the creamery by the use of certain harmless vegetable dyes, the use of which dairy laws rightly permit The color also can be fed into the milk and make the use of dyes un necessary. Carrots, for example, color milk and creaiu quickly. One of the natural coloring materials in milk and butter is called carotin, from carrots, and this arterial is found in many food materials. It ls plentiful in fresh green grass, hence the milk colors up well in early spring. Alfalfa hay, cured to have a bright green color, contains good inplies of carotin, which appears in the cream as a result. Hay which has lost this green color, dry corn fodder, silage, straw, yel low corn and white, wheat, wheat bran, cottonseed meal and other milled feeds contain practically none, and cream from cows so fed will produce a light colored butter unless artificial coloring is supplied. The color adds nothing to the value or digestibility of butter, save in one's mind, but the market demands a yellow butter all tile year round and the color must either be supplied in the feed or In the creamery. SEPARATION OF SOUR MILK Pour From One Pan to Another, Breaking Up Curd as Fine as Pos sible-Prevents Clogging. Milk that has curdled will separate with difficulty. Such milk should be thoroughly mixed previous to separat ing, by pouring from one can into an other. In this way the curd is broken up as finely as possible, so that it will not clog the machine. The separation of curdled milk finally clogs the skim milk tubes, with the result that more skim milk passes through the cream outlet, making a thinner cream. On the other hand, when som* milk which has not curdled ls separated, the cream produced will be thicker. This is due to the fact that cream from sour milk has a high viscosity,^ or is less fluid, and a smaller propor tion of cream is delivered, contain ing a higher per cent of fat. I Ordinary Cow Stalls. The ordinary cow stalls should be five feet long from the stanchion back to the gutter. This is the standard dis tance and does for all except abnor mally large or small stock. The width of the stall varies somewhat with the breed trz? size of the cows, from three feet four inches to four feet. Three feet eight inches is a good average. COMMUNITY PRIDE AN ASSET The Town That Cares for Its General Appearance Is the Town That Will Prosper. Community pride is an asset, and it is one of the greatest of all assets. The town that improves its streets, cleans up the alleys, paints the houses, cuts tho grass, rakes thc lawns and plants its flowers is not only encour aging cleanliness, but is making for itself a name among the peoples of the outer world. Commercial travelers and others como, and look, and go away and talk -and the tUk is all In favor of the town and its people. Talk travels, and grows,,, and mul tiplies until the tov.-n becomes known ;n many climes for its cleanliness and progressiveness. In time other men who are looking for a change of location hear of this town-and then they go, and look, and talk, and are pleased, and it becomes their home. And the town continues to expand and progress, and as the years roll by it gradually assumes larger propor- ! tions and a more commanding and j dominating position in the world. When Community Pride comes in Prosperity enters by its side, and'the two become the mighty levers that j control the machinery of success. Personal Pride and Community ' Pride should march side by side, for | when these two potent factors join hands in a laudable purpose opposi- j tion quickly melts away.-Laredo j Record. Signs That Save. A decided decrease in the number of traffic accidents is reported from j Portland, Ore., since the installation there of a comprehensive system of [ranting signs. The signs consist of ! red steel dials 18 inches in diameter 1 mounted on steel rods sunk three feet in concrete at the curbs and standing ', eight feet deep on the top of the dial. The dials are pa.nted bright red with black letters, and read: "School, Care ful," "Caution, Bridge," "Caution, Steep Grade." "Danger, Drive Slowly." "Hospital. Quiet." "Caution, Fire Sta- ? tion." "Danger. No Outlet." "Cau- j tion. Dangerous Corner," and so on. The signs are set in pairs about 100 feet from the danger point and in all street directions from it, and are so placed that the street lights will shine upon them at night. Portland has a population of about 20,000 greater than Rochester, and embraces more than twice the area of this city. Rochester Post-Express. WAR UPON PAIN! Pain is a visitor to every home1 and usually it comes quite unex pectedly. Hut you are prepared for every emergency if you keep a small bottle of Sloan's Liniment handy. It is the greatest pain kill-j ?er ever discovered. Simply laid j on the skin-no rubbing required-j it drives the pain away. It is really wonderful. Melvin ?. Soister, Berkeley Cal. writes: "Last Satur- j day, after tramping around the Pan-j ama Exposition with wet feet, I j came home with my neck so stiff j that I couldn't turn. I applied Sloan's Liniment freely and went to bed. To my surprise, next morn ing the stiffness had almost disap- j peared, four hours after the second ; application I was as good as new." j ali 25c drugyi-is.-1 . j Auditor's Mice. All persons owning property of any kind whatsoever, or in any capacity,. as husband, guardian, executor, ad-' ministrator or trustees are required to make returns of the same to the Audi- ! tor under oath within the time men- ! tioned below and the Auditor is requir- ? led by law to adda penalty of 50 per; j cent to all property that is not return- j ; on or before the 2Uth day of February j ; in any year. All male citizens between the ages I of 21 and 60 years except those ex . empt by law are deemed taxable polls, i i The 50 per cent penalty will be added j j j for failure to make returns. For the convenience of tax payers, I I or my representative will be at the following appointed places on the dates i mentioned to receive tax returns:' Ropers, Wednesday, Jan. 12, 1916. Meriwether, Thursday Jan. 13. Colliers, Friday Jan. 14. Red Hill, Saturday Jan. 15 Clark's Hill, Monday Jan. 17. Modoc, Tuesday Jan. 18. Parksville, Wednesday Jan. 19. Plum Branch, Thursday. Jfan. 20. Morgan's Store, Friday Jan. 21. Liberty Hill, Saturday Jan. 22. Gl?ora, Monday, Jan. 24. Pleasant Lane, Tuesday Jan. 25. Meeting Street, Wednesday Jan. 26. Johnston, Thursday, Jan. 27. Herring's Store, Friday, Jan. 28. Trenton, Saturday, Jan. 29. The office will be open to receive re turns from the first day of January till i the 20th day of Feb. 1916, as prescrib ed by law. J. R. TIMMERMAN, Auditor, E. C. S. C. Dec. 8-1915. A. H. Corley, Surgeon Dentist Appointments at Trenton On Wednesdays. DR J.S. BYRD, Dental Surgeon^ OFFICE OVER POSTOFFICE Residence Thone 17-R. Office 3. Ford Cars Have Stood the Test The ?xperience of scores of own ers of the Ford Automobiles has i proven that there is nothing better made for the Edgefield roads. Ford cars will carry you safely over any road that a buggy or any other ve hicle can travel. ; An Alkhe-Year-Arowid Car g They are light, yet substantially built. They are cheap, yet the best of material is used in their con struction. Are you contemplating purchasing a car? Let us show you a Ford Run-About or Touring Car. * / ? G. W. ADAMS Edgefield Auto Repair Shop Next to Court House ARR?NGTON BROS. & CO. Wholesale Grocers and Dealers In Corn, Oats, Hay and all Kinds of Seeds Corner Cumming and Fenwick Streets On Georgia R. R. Tracks Augusta, Ga. YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICITED ?}Wm See our representative, C. E. May. B. B. RUSSELL, Jr. B. E. ALLEN SHIP YOUR COTTON TO RUSSELL & ALLEN -(INCORPORATED) < Cotton . Factors . and Commission Merchants Bonded Warehouses, Liberal Advances Made on Cotton in Storage. I AUGUSTA.GEORGIA S. M. Whitney Co. Cotton Faetors Augusta.? Georgia Established 1868 Personal Attention to all Business. Correspond ence Invited BEST BY TEST Sluskys Roofing Materials Metal Shingles, Galvanized Corrugated Iron, Painted Iron Siding, Rubber Roofing, Mantels, Tiles, Grates, Paints, etc. Lowest prices. Prompt deliveries. Let us quote you before you buy, DAVID SLUSKY Augusta, Ga., 1009 Broad St. Agent for the Great Majestic Range.