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THOR. J. ADAMS. PROPRIETOR. EDGEFIELD, S. C., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1893. VOL. LVIII. NO. 41. FOR FORAGE PURPOSES. An Extremely Large Number of Valuable Grasses. BY J. M. RICE. Among the general names of forage plants are included many plants which are technically known as grasses, yet they are never popularly called grasses. A m .mg this class is our well known Indian corn, scarcely ever, thought of as belouging to the grass family, and the same might be said of the Southern sugar cane; but it is only occasionally that either are classed as forage plants, though larg&ly used as such. CHINESE SUGAB CANE. Then there are the saccharine sorghums, generally called North ern cane and introduced nearly 35 years ago by Orange Judd, of the American Agriculturist, as Chinese sugar canp. This is widely dis seminated, though not proving so well adapted to lhe East as to the West, has not been grown there generally. In the central West it was grown many years for the making of syrups without any thought of the forage, as the leaves were stripped from the stalks and allowed to remain as they fell on the ground. The seed waa not saved any further than needed for planting again, only as the stock might ga'her them up when pasturing the fields. Eventually many gath ered up the seed, using it without thrashing, while a few thrashed, and ground, in connection with other grains as chop feed. There are now some 140 varieties in cul tivation as grown at the Govern ment Experiment Station, Sterl ing, Kan., with a view of selecting those containing the largest per cent, of sugar. Some 12 varieties have been selected having especial merit. But it is as forage plauts that they have attracted most at tention the past 20 years in the further West, and they are more largely planted as yet than any otbar kind. Of these perhaps the .WrfetVSB^F^ will yield fhe most forage. Of the non-3accharine sorghums there is a long list, and they have very misleading names, and are variously known as maize, com, millet, and grass, when they would not be recognized by the novice writer by any of their names All of them except the latter (John .on <iras.s) b<-.?.r seed heads more or 1er s like the common or sac charine sorghums, and EO are not corns or millets, as we commonly use tho words. The most commonly raised are the red and white Kaffir corn, Jerusalem corn, yellow and white Millo maize, brown Downham corn, African millet, and Johnson grass. In another bran m of the grass family we find Teosinte, a very valuable forage, 'tut it will not produce seed here, so does not add any gain to our stock ; and as seed has to be imported, it is high priced, so is not likely to become] popular. Among the artificial grasses, alfalfa is best adapted to the semi arid sections and is classed with the forage plants, though else where it would be known as a clover. Then in the vegetable line we have the cowpea, which is a misnomer, for it is a bean, and the Soy or Soja bean just being intro duced the past few yeais. Now, some of your Eastern read ers may ask, Why raise forage plants? They are valuable in themselves. Some of them are adapted to every section of the country. The cowpea has been known to the South a long time. It is valuable as a hay, for its seed, and as a nitrogen gatherer and fer tilizer it prepares the ground for their crops, and fills the place b riely of the clovers which cannot be successfully raised there. It is in theso respects that they are likely to prove very valuable to th is new Oklahoma, and they also are able to withstand long, dry periods, which is necessary in a plant here that is growing in mid summer. We think now, as atten tion is being attracted toward them, that their cultivation will be ex tended quite considerably North. They can be grown in various ways and planted at various times, and ar? likely to fit in as an emergency crop. While comparatively tender, and in cold soils it would not bo safe to plant until ground is thor oughly warm, yet in our warm, dry soil they can be planted as soon as danger from frosl is past, and be ?asily out of the way for fall wh( seeding. Or they can be plant after wheac harvest, and as whe can be seeded as late as Jan. '. they can be raised as a seconder easily, as they mature in 40 to days. They have only been tri one year in Oklahoma, but the acres raised at the experiment and college farm was a splend success, though on sod or iii year's breaking; and a quart eai is being sent out to every farm wanting to test them in the Ten tory. They were sown broadca in thoroughly disked and i plowed soil. The Soy or Saja beau I ha tried under unfavorable circut stances, but Prof. Georgesou, of tl Kansas Station, is enthusiastic : its favor. The general reports a conflicting, but this is doubtle due in part to the fact that the are several varieties, and all m? uot succeed alike. Further tri: is needed before deciding as t their merits. SAINFOIN. Lathyrus sylvestris is a plant < the pea family, but our first tnt was a failure, and as seed is vei high-priced and the outcome som? what uncertain, it will be well t let our experimental farmers tet it a few years yet. In alfalfa th drier regions that have a porou j subsoil have an assured plant. It value is unquestioned and th yield enormous. But it must hav deep, porous subsoil, for its root run from 10 to 30 feet. On com pact soils it is a failure. Dr weather affects it but little, thou-] of course growing more luxuriantl; where irrigated, but it must hav a soil easily to penesrat?i with it roots. Of the non-saccharino sorghum; their success is well assured. The] yield much more and better foragi than corn, and an equal or greate amount of seed, and will with stand drouth that will entirely ruin any prospect of any grain oi the corn. While it is true that ir moist climates or in a season o: the West where there is the norma! amoun t of ! rlri?fall it will "y?elc more largely, }ret it will produce fair crops in the driest seasons While corn will not revive aftei being injured in tassel and silk oi bloom, these plants will form new heads, and if not too late will ripen their seed. This country was opened to settlement last yeal two months too late and while nc corn co'aid be planted before May 10, while we planted this yeal March 20, and it of course could not amount, to much. We planted largely of forage plants from May 10 to June 20, and had feed in abundance and to sell. There ie yet time io plant, and it does well in sod. Of the varieties red and white Kaffir corn and yellow Millo maize are to be specially commended. Jerusalem corn is a nearer candi date and is highly recommended, but in our two years it fell below the others in forage and seed. As a planted crop, do the^same as with corn, except if in drills thejr can be a^ ciose as eight inches, and if in hills three to five grains two feet apart, If sowed, let it be as thick as corn. Of course as the seed is small, much less per acre will be required. We believe they can be raised with profit in every part of the country. "Why a Wife Chances Her Name. Philadelphia Times. It is said that the practice of the wife assuming the husband's name at marriage originated from a Roman custom and ht came the common custom after the Roman occupation. Thus, Julia and Oc tavia, married to Pompey and Cicero, were called by the Romans Julia of Pompey and Octavia of Cicero, and in later times married women in most European countries signed their names in the same manner, but omitted the "of." Against this view may be men tioned that during the sixteenth, and even the beginning of the seventeenth century the usage seems doubtful, since we find Catherine Parr so signed herself after she had been twice married and we always hear of Lady Jane Grey (not Dudley) and Arabelia Stuart (not Seymour). Some persons think that the custom originated from the scriptural teaching that husband and wife are one. It was decided, in the case of Bon vs. Smith, in the reign of Elizabeth, that a woman by mar riage loses her former name and legally receives the name of her husband. IRA HICKS'S FORECASTS What the Weather Prophat Says About the November Outlook. About the 2d and 3d of Novem ber will center a reactionary change to warmer, which changa will begin in the West with southerly winds, growing cloudi ness, and rain. These conditions will advance eastwards during the 3d and 4th, followed closely by the shifting of the wind to westerly and colder. About the 7th a verv marked storm period will begin. Both the "Vulcan" and Mercury disturbances are central on the 8lh, making direct connection with the new moon on the morning of the same day. This period will set in with a decided change to war mer in western parts, resulting in very active storms of rain and wind, turning to snow and sleet iu many places northward, and fol lowed promptly by a severe and general cold wave. From about ?he 7th to 10th, beginning in the West,, all parts of the country will in turn experience the progressive and changing phases of the period. There are reasons to apprehend hard and dangerous gales in con nection with the disturbances of this period, especially on the lakes and northerly seas. Sharp cold and freezing may expected im mediately behind the area of low barometers, and storms, causing cold and frosty weather, generally up to the changes to warmer and stormy from about thc 14th to 16th. Be on the watch for sudden chants to colder after the storm area of each period passes to the east of your locality. The opposition of Jupiter oc curs on that 17th, and there is much indication that those op positions greatly excite all at mospheric pertubations occurring about such times. This opposition will likely be felt most severely during the storm period running from the 19lh to 23d. The Venus excitment will also be present at this period, giving good grouuds for fearing heavy storms as a re^ smlfr~"Heed our" warning and be DU the watch for them and for the cold that will press behind them on land water. The final crisis of this period may not come until the full moon, on the 23d, but be ready for severe storms, with dangar on the lakes, at any time during the period. The Venus extremes from ?warra to sudden and piercing cold, with thunder and rain, turning to northwest gales and snow will exploit themselves at this time. The Venus equinox is central on the 29th, aud itB influence will be plainly felt in all the distur bances for about 20 days before and 20 after this date. Or dinary or normal disturbances otherwise will bo excited into great and prolonged violence, so that many disasters will be heard from. The reactionary movements about the 23d to 27th will feel the cen tral force of this Venus period and wind up in great cold. So will the regular storm period, which begins about the last day of the month and runs into the opening clays of December. The Next Campaign. Senator Stewart. The next campaign will be fought in the open field, with no traitors in the array that is doing battle for justice and equal rights. Secret foes will be discovered, exposed, and drummed out of camp. If the tentacles of the national banks have extended into the two houses of Congress, they will be cut loose, and freedom of action secured for the representatives of the people. No Wall street general will lead tnt: conquering hosts. The race of Jackson and Lin coln is not extinct, and a man of the people will be found. The in dependence of the co-ordinate ds partraentsof the Govarnment will be restored. The representatives of the people in both houses of Congress will pass laws to secure justice ned equal rights without executive interference. No com mand will come from the other end of the capital to destroy the peo ple's money and subject the masses to the rule of an alien gold trust. Financial independence of Great Britain and all other foreign pow ers will be declared and main tained at any sacrifiae and ut all hazzards. The temporary victory of avarice and fraud is an object lesson which will not be forgotten. The people of the United States have met and overcome all opposition and removed all obstruction to their grand march to freedom and a higher civilization. They must now grapple with ths most dan gerous, the most insidious, and the most relentless foe with which hu manity is compelled to contend the power of concentrated capital. It is the most dangerous because its weapons are cunning ; the most insidious because its methods ?are secret, and the most relentless be cause it is soulless and deaf to the groans of its victims. Concentrated capital must be dethroned. The life blood of civili zation muzt cease to slake the thirst of avarice. The normal cir culation must be restored. The British pnmp must cease to drain, the circulating medium of the United States into the reservoir of a London yndicate. An independ ent financial policy must be estab lished. The schemes of the enemy will be exposed, and the paths to free dom and prosperity made plain. Concentrated capital must take warning. The luxury of revolution and extortion will be expensive. When justice is denied, the wrong doers must take the consequences. This victory for injustice and wrong is only temporory. If capi tal repudiates contracts by con traction, the people will restore justice by expansion. If in the conflict thc aggressor is despoiled, it will be bis 40wn fault, and not the fault of the victims he has forced to fight for self-preservaiiou. The motto in the next campaign will not bo the preservation of dis graced pai ty names, but the eternal principle of justice; not the best dollar, but an honest dol lar; not an appreciating measure of value for the rich to monopolize but an honest measure of/value which will do justice to all ; not to maintain a false standard of governmental credit by opening.: the vaults ( parasites and maintain the menf by the ] cording io "c out equal ju taxing the m lions to the c pelling the ri-._. r__. to submit to the government of law; not to violate the obligations of contract, but to maintain equity between debtor and creditor. Justice and equality befo:e the law is the full extent of the de mands of the people. No oligarchy of foreign or domestic money changers must rob them of their most sacred rights. The people must and will resist and strike un til the lasi armed foe expires. Forced Drunks. Several weeks ago, Rev. David Ramsey, pastor of Citadel Square Baptist Church preached a sermon on the dispensary law, and quoted official statistics obtained from the police authorities, proving that there has been a marked decrease in the number of arrests for drunkenness since the dispensary law went into effect. Since that sermon, there has been a sudden increase of the number of drunken persons arrested. It is said these drunks are forced, Lt at liquor is regularly given to such oid s^ts as will get uuder its influence. Thib liquor is given away by the liquor dealers of Charleston to prevent the Christian people of that city from giving their support to the ?ispensary. Red ti a ir. Am crican Analyst. Science explains the phenomenon of red hair thus: It is caused by a superabundance of iron in the blood. This it is imparts the vig or, the elasticity, the great vitality the overflowing and thoroughly healthy animal life that runs riot through tho veins of the ?uddy haired ; and this strong, sentient animal life is what renders them more intense in all their emotions than.their more languid fellow-creatures. Tho excess of iron is also the cause of freckles on the peculiarly clear, white skin which always accompanies red hair. The skin, is abnormally sensitive to the action of the sun's rays, which not only bring out the little brown spots in abundance, but also burn like a mustard plaster, producing a queer, creepy sensation, as if the skin was wrinkling up. Never allow your cows to be hurried to and from pasture, says The American Agriculturist, and never allow a dog to worry them. In fact, a dog is a useless thing around cows. Ho invariably barks, or in other ways annoys them. Cows should always be kept as quiet as possible, that the milk may be normally secreted, I PBEWENON SILVEE. I . TIic English Bimetall is t Discusses the Financial Situation. N?w York Recorder. Moreton Frewen, the most prominent of theBritish advocates of bimetallism, arrived here from London on Wednesday. He will visit Washington and make a tour of the western states. He said that he had heard in England of the courageous stand taken by The Recorder in defence of the free coinage of silver, and he com mended its work as being on the behalf of the people, who are the ones to be most injuriously affected by a further contraction of the currency. I He said that the purposes of the Brussels conference were frustrated by the gold ring, and that the sil ver advocates there, as delegates or working on the outside, foresaw exactly the conditions which have resulted from the fail?ro of that meeting. j "If you stop the purchases of silver in .this country," said Mr. Frewen, "the price of silver bullion is likely to fall 20, perhaps 30 cents, further ; your dollar will then be a 35-cent dollar, and there would be k great danger of whole sale counterfeiting. Yes, the fall might close your silver mines, and thus reduce production ; it might, but it might not. Probably, as has been the cuse these twelve years, there wonld merely ensue a further currecy contraction and a great further fall of prices, so that the 60-cent ounce of silver might go as far in paying wages and buying milling stores as the 129-cent ounce did formerly. Experience shows that you cannot hope to settle this silver question by merely gagging the production of your silver Tilines." "Do yon think in England that we ought to repeal the Sherman act?" was ASITA1 excnange -..^es, a fall of say three pence more in the China rates, will simply destroy Europe's export trade with the far east, with Persia with Mexico, and many of the South American republics. Inevit ably such a crisis-a crisis far more acute than the Baring busi ness-must reflect itself in every portion of the United Slates, Yes, yes, you say the crisis is here already. So it is, but it is also everywhere. In London, I believe things are ;far worse to-day than in New York : in Italy, in Austria and in Spain the strain of collap sing prices is becoming unbearable. With very ^limited banking and credit facilities, but on the other hand, saturated with 5o-ceut dol lars,' legal tender five france pieces 'dishonest', to the tune of 50 per cent, France is to-day alone among all the nations not visibly suffer ing acutely. SENSE WILL COME. .'Presently, perhaps, we shall com6 through great tribulation to the dawn of sense. We shall then recognize that it is not th9 pallia tives, your Bland acts, your Sher man acts, which are responsible. These were remedia measures. The disease dates buck to 1873, when for the first time in history the free flow of silver from mioe to mint was cut off. A man has cut his femoral artery, and Mr. Bland, however unskillfully, has applied the tourniquet. It is rather ridiculous nuder such circum stances to blame the remedy, oven if crudely applied." In reply to the question if Eng land is moving in the direction of bimetallism, Mr. Frewen said: "Themen we ought to rely on in a matter of this nature are our professors of political economy, and it is most interesting to note that without ono exception the English university professors are to-day in agreement that the theory of bimetallism is correct. Such a pronouncement from such a source would seem to justify theexperi ment. Public opinion however can not toan in a day but the closing of thelndian mints and the tampering with the currency of 270,000,000 of people who have now a 'dis honest' money, and a money at the same time inconvertible-this has opened the eyes of very many who previously thought that Mr. Glad stone and his government were opposed on principle to tampering with the standard. Nothing but free coinage, here or in England, or in both countries, can meet the difficulty." A Job for the Preacher. The mountain circuit rider met me at the foot of the Hurricane gap, in the Pine montains, says a Detroit Free Pressman, and we rode along together, and about a mile from where the roads forked we were stopped by a mountaineer with a Winchester, whom the preacher knew. Ko presented me in due form, and when the native knew I was an "outsider" he didn't hesitate to talk. "I jest stopped yer," he said to the preacher, "ter ax yer to come up to the house in tho mornin'." "Anybody sick?" inquired the preacher. "No," and the mountaineer hesi tated. "You know you have been a talkin' ter rae fer a long time erbout gittin' religion, an' I been a holdin' off?" The preacher nodded and looked pleased, for there was a tone of penitence in the natives voice. "Well, I've erbout made up my mind that I've got ter the p'int when something's got ter bo done Jim Gullins come by my place this mornin' an' killed one uv my hogs when I was away, an' you've heerd me say what I thought of Jim Gullins many a time afore this." The preached nodded sorrow fully this time. "Well," I'm goin' down to see Jim now," continued the moun taineer, "an' if I git him I'll be ready to jine the mee tin' house when you come up in the mornin', an' if Jim gits mc you'll have a funeral to preach, so you won't lose nothin'by it nohow. I must be gittin' along; goodby." And, slinging his Winchester into the hollow of his arm, he hurried away ?j.-? lishman. "I hate the Jews," said an auet-Semite. "I hate the Ger mans," said a Frenchman. "I hate the Turks," said a Russian. "I hate the blacks,'' said a white man. "I hate the New Yorkers," said a Chicago babbler. "I hate the Chinese," said a Californian. "I hate men," said a silly young woman. "I hate the Choctaws," said a Cherokee. "I hate the French Canadians," said an Eng lish Canadian. "I hate the .bears." said a^Wall street bull. "I hate thc Catholics," said a Protestant. "I hate the Senegamblans," said an Ashantee. "I hate the Yalen sians." said a Princetonian. "I hate old toadstools," said a young toad. "I hate foreigners," said a native. "I hate the Kansans," ?said a Nebraskan. "I hate the devil," said an infernal imp. "I hate the grocer on the opposite corner," said one on the other corner. "I hate fat men," said a living skeleton. "I hate the cobblers," said a shoe marker. "I hate the newspapers," said a fellow who/was buying one of them. "I hate old woman," said a blackguard. We tell all these haters, ex cepting the infernal imp, that they are in the wrong. "Brethren, let us love one another," hating only the devil, hi's imps, his imitators, and his backers or abettors, and all their works. Cotton is like a snail crawling up a wall, it goes up a few points then takes a tumble that makes tho fa.mer feel like-the snail Speaker Ira B, Jones has lifted a mortgage on' a Presbyterian church, in Lancaster and made the church a present of the papers. A well-known veterinarian was once asked by a lady, "Doctor, my dog is always sick: what shall I do?" "Shut him in a dark room for one or two days, and feed him sumptuously on cold water," was the reply. The doctor recognized the very important fact that the majority of ills to which canine flesh is heir come from overfeed ing. _ One of tho most remarkable productions of the Isles of Chileo is the celebrated "barometer trees,' which grow in great profusion in all of the salt marshes. In dry weather the bark of this natural barometer is as smooth and white as that of a sycamore, but with the near approach of storms these characteristis xauish like magic and the bark turns black. FOR THE THOUGHTFUL. SELECTED. / God does business on a cash basis. Culture cannot destroy sin. All it can do is to hide it. If you find it dark everywhere else, look straight up. The surest evidence of God's presence is love in the heart. The devil is a friend to the mau who helps to put a bad mau in office. The prayer that starts from a Bible promise always reaches heaven. No man can live right for a day who does not realize that he is to live forever. Every good man is a light that God is using to show some sinner the way to heaven. Love is ownership. We own whom we love. The universe is God's because he loves. Jesus taught prudence and econ omy when he told his disciples to gather up the fragments. Nothing can happen to a Chris tian that he would not pray for, if he knew all of the facts. As long as the devil can get peo ple to look at themselves with satisfaction he doesn't care if they go to church every night in the week. Sampson sought power and not influence, and he fell. Power is noisy ; influence is silent. Power may be purchased ; influence never. Power seeks prominence ; influence is content with isolation. Power builds monuments; influence needs none. Bonaparte was a power. Phillips Brooks was an influence. Everv worker rumor _"xoi?uea. saia tne re turned summer vistor, "he does not waste much time on doctors, but goes staright io the woods or his attic for nature's own remedies. There is one old man whom I have met with, packbasket on shoulder and shears and a rough board stool in his mittened hands, going after yarrow, which, dried, is a standby for coughs when it has been made into a wicked look ing brew. Fir-balsam, coaxed drop by drop from the blisters which swell on the balsam fir at moonfull is a sovereign remedy for lung and chest complaints. "Gravel weed, by which they insult trailing arbutus, is excellent for the complaint which gives it its name ; and bladder root has a desirable effect on the kidneys and neighboring organs. Sage tea, containing a little summer savory is efficacious for wormsin children, for which belmonia, steeped, is also used. Sunflower seeds, steeped strained and sweetened with molasses, will cure the whooping cough. Horseradish leaves wilted and bound to the face and back of the neck, will drive awa}r neuralgia, and a nutmeg, bored, and tied about the neck, will keep it away. The nutmeg must be renewed about once every six weeks. .'Onions, sliced, pounded and placed in a cloth and laid over the affected part, will draw out ir. flammatin. A red onion, halved, aud with one part slightly scooped out and the cup placed over a carbuncle or a boil will speedily remove the pus, and has saved life. A red worsted strigng tied about the neck .will cure and pre vent nose bleed. This last calls for some credulity one might think, but I have seen it proved in one or two instances. "There are many more of these simple remedies in the North Woods pharmacopoeia which the wise ones have at their fingers' ends ; and if they are not more videly used, and money kept in the overalls of the thrifty native, it is because a. lenient and fortu nate fate presides over the in comes of the Adirondack medicos. The grand jury of Baxter county, Ark., has indicted sixty persons for using profane language. The New York World says that "it is suspected that they had been read ing the debates in the Senate." Some Cuises of "Hard Times." A Georgia Farmer's Le. ? . "There is so much being said in the country about hard times and the scarcity of money, acid ag everyone has a cause and knows a remedy, I thought I would write to tell your readers what I think is the cause. The trouble is we buy more than we produce. There is too much flour and bacon shipped here every year. The things wo ought to make at home we are buying. "We let our timber rot and buy our plow stocks, singletrees, axe handles, hoe handles, and fencing. "We throw away our ashes and buy our soap and axle grease. "We ?-ive away our beef hides and buy hame strings and shoe striugs. "We let our manure go to waste and buy guano. "We buy garden seed in the spring and cabbage in the winter. "We let our lands grow up in weeds and buy brooms.. "We let the wax out of our pine and plum trees go to waste and buy chewing gun- for the children. "We build school houses and hire teachers and send our chil dren off to be educated. "We land a 5-cent fish with a $4 fishing rod. "We send a 15-cent boy out with a ?20 gun and a $4 dog to kill birds. "We raise dogs and buy wool. "And about the only thing in this country that there is an over, production is politics and dog ticks." Don't Encourage Blues. A woman may be as beautiful as Helen of Troy, and as alluring as the serpent of the Nile, yet if she be not cheerful she is alto gether incapable of winning and keeping affection after it is won. This old world is on tho lookout ueuuiuui mm ciouo may bo. There is no question that the Van Alen appointment was a cor rupt one and a disgrace to tho ad ministration at Washington. Van Alen was appointed by Cleveland Ministerio Itelj, because he con tributed $50,000, to the Domocratic Campaign fund and for no other reason whatever. Where, oh! where is Cleveland's favorito phrase,uo^ "public office is a public trust." Disappointments like this we have had in Cleveland do sicken us to the heart. We earnestly wish to believe there are somo men somewhere, even in practical poli tics, whose integrity is unyielding whose honor and fidelity is beyond question.-Sumter Freeman. "Yes," said the old man, accord ing to Tid Bits, addsessing his young vistor, "I'm proud of my girls, and should like to see thom all comfortably married; and as I've made a litle money, they won't go to their husbands penniless. There's Mary 25 years old, and a real good girl. I shall give her a thousand pounds,when she marries. Then comes Bet, who won't see 35 again and shall have two thousand ; and the man who takes Eliza, who is 40, will have three thousand with her.". The young man reflected a moment or so, and then nervously inquired, "You haven't one about 50,have you?" The best points of a cow are not her good looks. She may not be, and probably is not. very good looking, except to the eye of an experienced dairyman. She should have a broad chest, indicating large lungs. There is no good di gestion without good lung power. She should be "deep" from the back to the belly, but with a thin and rather flat neck. The skin of good cows is of velvety texture, and looks as if it had been groom ed for several generations, as in most breeds of the best cows it has. The good cow is, indeed, less an accident than a product. In India, certain regiments with 5610 men were placed under observation. They were divided into free drinkers, moderate drinkers and abstainers. It was found that the deaths of the former were 44 per 108, of tho moderate drinkers 23 per thousand and of the abstainers only ll per lOOOvrv