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The land was old, had never been much manured and was ly exhausted; nevertheless the cotton grew off splendid^ continued to do well until after the heavy rains in July, it began to rust or stop growth. Such effects are produce high maunring on thin lauds. I calculated early in July aUeast 1,000 pounds seed cotton to the acre. The yielc 500 pounds. Where 1,000 pounds Fertilizer were appliei land was fresh and in good heart, and the yield was pounds seed cotton. On another portion of my farm, I applied the Fertilize: pounds to the acre, whore I applied last year 300 pounds t acre, with extraordinary result, (I say extraordinary, fo increase was 150 fold) ; through this I left some unmai rows. The difference between the rows could not be detec From the above experiments and their results, I have rei some conclusions which may prove of interest to others: First, That Peruvian Guano, which has boen considere standard for comparison for all commercial fertilizers, fai produce as much cotton, as a fertilizer claiming to contai ammonia at all-the Etiwan No. 1. Second, That neither th-i Peruvian or the unmixed Super] phate Etiwan 1, produce s.o well as a combination of the or as a commercial fertilizer, containing both Superphosf and Ammonia, like the Caroda Fertilizer, which bas prod better results for me than any other commercial fertilizer. Third, That commercial fertilizers as general or special i ures may yet be greatl}' improved, so as to meet the wan any crop, upon ali soils. For instance, by the combinatio Peruvian Guano, Etiwan No. 1, Potash and Soda, not only the crop increased considerably over other fertilizers, but \ is more important still, there was no rust wbere this corni tion was applied, which was on two separate fields, die apart, and where ? had more rust than on any other portie tho farm. These rows maintained their greeness, both bolls limbs, till frost; while the surrounding cotton was dead black months before. I do not presume that the proport of the ingredients was just what analysis or further experh may decide to be best ; nor do L believe it would bo univers applicable ; but soirlfe such combination, perhaps improved the addition of Su'phate of Magnesia, would prove a mat for the cotton plant on most soils. A kind of special man Agricultural Chemistry tells us that potash and magnesia found in sufficient quantity in clay soils, for tho proper deve merit of plants, especially thc cotton plant. This may be t but practically they are not available. Any soil of the stii red clay, may be permanently improved, as I know by application of ashes, where commercial fertilizers and ordin composts were of but poor, temporary advantage. Fourth, That the Charleston Fossil Phosphates, properly ] pared, are more than equal to the Paw Bone Superphospha as instanced in tho yield froTi the Carolina Fertilizer i Baugh's Raw Bone, which is everywhere conceded to be beat and most honestly made up of its class. Fifth, That Peruvian Guano is the best, or most profita source of ammonia, or nitrogen, for combining with superpl; phates, as instanced in the greater productiveness of Peruv and Etiwan No. 1, over all the commercial fertilizers, the sou of whose ammonia is generally fish or meat scrap. I adi this may be owing to the presence of other valuable salts in I Peruvian. Sixth, That ?he amount of soluble phosphate in a man; makes a great difference in its value. Instance the diff?r< yields of Etiwan No. 1, Pacific Acid Phosphate and Comp., a the Palmetto Acid Phosphate ; neither of which latter, I p sume, claim nrar so high a per centage. In other words believe that K?U lbs., containing 25 per cent, of soluble ph' phate, will produce about the same results, at any rate thefii year, as 200 lbs. of a manure containing only 12 to 15 per cei Seventh, That possibly fine ground phosphates might pro remunerative to the planter. I presume no sulphuric acid is us in the manipulation of Wilcox & Gibbs' Manipulated ; yet, it pi duces as good results as Baugh's Raw Bone Superphospha The main source of its phosphate (the Wilcox & Gibbs') mu be the finely divided Phoenix Guano. Eighth, That on poor soils a moderate application of coi merdai manures will prove most remunerative. That bett soih' may be more highly manured with profitable results. Ninth, That some soils soon get a sufficiency of phosphate: and that others require much more to sufficiently saturate the for their best productiveness. Tenth, That on some soils good results are obtained for tw years from one application of superphosphates. I had an i: crease of 100 per cent, this year from application of the Cal lina last year. Eleventh, That some very poor soils may be rapidly brougl to fair productiveness by tho use of superphosphates alone. Twelfth, That subsoiling barely pays such years as this hf proved-so much rain. Meteorological conditions must ht.ve influenced all the resull very considerably. We had no rain sufficient to bring up col or cotton from 10th April to 27th May ; consequently tho stan of all late plantod cotton was imperfect. From the last date t the 18th Juno it rained almost every day. So wot was it tha it was almost impossible to plough, even on the hills, for bo? ging. Notwithstanding this, my Journal says: ''1st July The cotton crop is growing and more advanced than at the sam date last year. 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th July-Cotton in ful bjoom, but impossible to plough, on account of wet." Indeec this wa* the wetest time we had-tho rains wero almost deluges I finished ploughing cotton tho last week of July. Rust mad its appearance about the 1st of August, on the most highlj manured spots, and extended quito rapidly. Marion, S. C., December 5, 1S70. ED. B. SMITH, M. D. FERTILIZERS-A LETTER TO DR. EDWARD B. SMITE [Extractfrom th* Rural Carolinian."] ETIWAN WORO, CHARLESTON, February 2, 1871. Dr. Edward B. Smith, Marion, S. C. DEAR SIR: Ev<.:-y manufacturer of fertilizers is indebted t< you for your well conducted experiments reported in Tm RURAL CAROLINIAN of February. In manufacturing the Etiwans we desire to produce as completo a fertilizer as possible; ant the details of your experiments will materially assist us. Wt find that your experience corresponds with the deductions o: our chemist, and had you known that the Etiwan No. 2., eon tains tho mixture with Peruvian Guano and MuriV.e of Potash which your experiments has proved to be most successful, you would have been able to find at hand, the very fertilizer which was wanted. Heretofore, we have, offered in market Etiwan Nos. 1 and 2-the former as you justly say without ammonia; the latter being a mixture of the No. 1 with Peruvian Guano and Potash Salts. Wo have found that those two Guanos with the samo name caused confusion ; we have, therefore, continued the name Etiwan only for that which was sold as No. 2; and the other is offered at a lower price than the Etiwan, under the commercial name of Dissolved Bono. This difference in price is produced hy the absence of the Peruvian Guano and Potash Salts con tained in the Etiwan. Tour experiments have settled two important points upon which our inferences have been verified by your experience. 1. That a high grade of Soluble Phosphate n the most essential element in a fertilizer. 2. That one-half the quantity of a fertilizer of a high grade, will go as far as double the quantity of a low. Our Company has, therefore, insisted on as high a grade as from eighteen to twenty per cent., both for its Dissolved Bono and for its Acid Phosphate. If the planter secs fit to apply either of these alone to his crop, he saves one-half the quantity by purchasing this high grade, and if he makes a compost, he has a largo margin for foreign material. Thus, for instance, should he compost with cotton-seed for tho purpose of supplying ammonia, inasmuch as only throe per cent, of the cotton-soed is available for this pur pose, the remaining ninety-seven per cent, must reduce by nearly one half the grade of the mixture. Hence, if the acid compost, as it comes from the manufacturer, contains twonty per cent, of Soluble Phosphate, the mixture will be as high as ten per cent., while, if the original grade be only eight or ten per cent., the mixture to be used for the crop will only contain four or five per cent. Soluble Phosphate. . Your second fact would now become operative, and the .planter would have to double the quantity of his manure to obtain the same result as in the first case. There is another fact which, in this connection, it would be well to bring to the attention of a careful observer like your self. It is that in superphosphate fertilizers of a high grade, there exists phosphoric acid in a free state, and when placed in the soil, it will seize on materials contained therein, and render soluble some of the essential elements. Thus, in clay soils, the silicic acid would be displaced and the potash entering into combination with the phosphoric acid, would become soluble as phosphate of potash. There are two other matters mentioned in your experiments of very great interest, to which we would renew your attention: first, as to the effect of fertilizers on rust ; second, as to dispen sing with some particular ingredient which the soil may supply. 1. Upon the first point, you remark, " that by the combina tion of Peruvian Guano, Etiwan No. 1, potash and soda, not only was the crop increased considerably over other fertilizers, but, what is more important still, there was no rust where this combination was applied, which was on two separate fields, distant apart, and where I had more rust than on any other portion of the farm." Now, it is a most important enquiry to ascertain to which of these ingredients this excellent result is due. Our Etiwan being manufactured with those precise ingredients recommended in your letter, would enable you to repeat the experiment without difficulty, and the result report ed by you as to the superior product of cotton on your land by Etiwan No. 1 over Peruvian Guano, would seem to prove that your soil in Borne way furnishes ammonia, and thus might save you a very expensive ingredient. 2. And this opens the second subject. If you will refer to the pamphlet circular issued by our Company, you will see thero detailed from Professor Villa's experiments, a mode of ascertaining what elements are in the soil and what it wants. If there should be any ingredient in the soil of Marion, which would supply nitrogen, it would- be a most valuable fact to know; or if ("as from on? of your experiments it seems likely) there should De some compound of potash which these manures may disengage, it would be well worth knowing. Allow me in conclusion to bring one fact more to your notice, which may account somewhat for the improvement of soil to which you allude in subsequent years from the use of our native phosphatic manures. Thi* reduction of the phosphate of lime contained in our phosphate rocks by sulphuric acid, results in two combinations, one in releasing the phosphoric acid and thereby making a solu ble super-phosphate, the other in combining the sulphuric acid with the lime which has been released and thus making sul phate of lime or gypsum. The residue, therefore, of a fertilizer, manufactured from Carolina phosphates, by moans of large portions of sulphuric acid ; over and above the superphosphate, consists of an excellent manure, which, from year to year becomes disintegrated, combines with the soil, and renders it permanently moro productive. With these explanations before you, we trust that you will continue your well conducted experiments for at least another year, and acquaint the public with the results. We would very cordially offer to supply you with our material for experi ment ; but, in that case, it might bo objected that the material was selected and might not be a just average sample. So, that the better plan is certainly, that which you seem to have pur sued, of taking your own samples from the general market. With much respect, your obedient servant, C. G. MEMMINGEJR. President of the Sulphuric Acid and Superphosphate Company. AN EXPERIMENT WITH FERTILIZERS. Editor of the Eural Carolinian : By the direction of the Colleton Agricultural Society, at its meeting on the 2d day of January, I have been requested to prepare and forward to you the enclosed report of " Experi ments witb Fertilizers with the request that you will insert the same in ?he next number of your magazine. WM. STOKES. Colleton County, January 12,1871. The Committee on Cultivation and Improved Fertilizers, having, in accordance with the request of the Society, procured small quantities of the Fertilizers below named, through the kindness of parties in Charleston representing the same; tested them on a piece of very poor, level sandy land, that had been under cultivation for a number of years, but on which compost had been pretty freely used each year, beg leave to submit the following as tho result of their experiment: 1. Wm. Crichton & Son, Ammo. Superphosphate Limo. 3. Nothing. 8. Carolina Fertilizer. 4. Etiwan. 5. Sardy'sPhospho. Peruvian Guano 6. Nothing. 7. Sardy's Ammo. Sol. Pacific Guano 8. Cotton Food... 9. Nothing. 10. Ammoniated Bones. i ll. E. Frank Coe's Fertilizer. 12. Nothing. 13. Whann's Fertilizer. 14. "Wilcox, Gibbs & Co., Guano, Salt and Plaster Compound. 15. Nothing. 16. Wilcox, Gibbs & Co., Manipu lated Guano. The land selected for this, purpose had boen planted in cotton tho previous year, with the rows three and a half feet apart ; ' on the last of March these rows were opened with a six-inch turning plough to the depth of about three inches, and on the ? 14th April another furrow was run in the one previously opened, ' making a furrow about five or six inches deep. Not desiring to place the fertilizers so deep, a small turning plough was run j on one side of this, filling it about two-thirds, on this the fer I tilizers were distributed at the rate of about1 twenty dollars per j acre, on the 14tl; of April, and covered immediately by lapping ! two furrows on it with a turning plough, except No. 1, Crichton & Son, which was applied in the hill with the seed at the time of planting, at thc suggestion of the party representing it. The seeds coining in contact with the fertilizer, were destroyed, and thero was no stand on this slip until after it was planted over, | after a heavy rain or. the 25th May. The cotton was planted on thc 21st April, when there vas apparently sufficient mois {ture in the land to bring it up, but not more than a half Htand was obtained from this planting, and owing to the pro tracted drouth, which lasted until the 25th May, some of that died out. A stand was not obtained until early in June, and the rust taking thc cotton in August, it can bo readily seen that the experiment was not a fair test of the merits of the different fertilizers, especiall}r as it was a noticeable fact that those slips on which the best stand was obtained, from tho first planting, invariably yielded the most. , The cultivation was done ver;; thoroughly by running the sweep through, shallow and often, awd following with the hoe. -r COLUMBIA, S. C., November 10, 1870. To Messrs. R. O'Neale dc Son, Co?urkbia, S. C. : GENTLEMEN : We examined to-day a field of cotton on the place of J. M. Crawford, of this City, on which he had cxperi-1 mcnted with various fertilizers,; and without hesitation pro-j nomico the acre on which Etiwan No. 2 had been used, to be j tho best acre of cotton we have ever seen. Mr. Crawford j informed us that ho had already gathered about 3,000 pounds from it, and it was his and our opinion that he would gather from 1,200 to 1.500 pourids more. The land did not appear to us to be superior cottoin land, being low and damp, 668 668 6665 668 668 668 668 6713 666$ 6662 I' ) 666* oin I&3 -7 42 80 240 263} 152 60 160 348 75 168 214* 60" tc ? a 122 140 248 340} 348 130 00 352 80 260 257 310 140 356 293 248 140 220 270 140 220 157* 90 ?150 243 |267 193 1216 50 1216 231 |284 70 150 I 228 1233 46 20 100 107 156 70 82 100 70 100 70 80 83 100 80 83 9 2 10 ll 6 2 6 7 2 6 7 2 6 6 8 S a to o u tfl ?O < 559 382 954 1015 810 402 618 1079 367 754 706 382 792 837 353 766 but bad been highly cultivated. The plant, where the Etiwan No. 2 had been used, was free from rust, green and full of fruit whilst that where the Wando and Carolina had been used, was, in places, badly rusted, and the stalks dead. The yield being much less than that where the Etiwan No. 2 had been used. .Respectfully, JAMES M. BAXTER, J. ?. COCHRAN. J. G. McKISSICK. ROBERT BEATY. A. R. TAYLOR. . COLUMBIA, S. C., November 10, 1870. Messrs. R. O'Jyeale db Son, Agents for Etiwan Fertilizer: GENTLEMEN : In reply to your question as to how. I am pleased with the Etiwan Guano, I give below a statement of my expe rience with Etiwan, Stable Manure, Wando, Cotton Seed, Com post, and broadcast manuring, which speaks for itself. I have also tried the Carolina and Pacific Guano, and find that the Etiwan is far superior to either. Yours, truly, J. M. CRAWFORD. 3,140 lbs. cotton picked off 1 acre-450 lbs. Etiwan. 1,020 " " " 600 lbs. Wando. 2,870 " " " ? 30 cart loads Compost. 1,800 " ?* " ? 30 Compost broadcast. 1,580 " " " " Cotton Compost. My estimate that I have yet to pick from-Etiwan, 1,000 lbs. " ? ? ? ? " Wando, 550 lbs. ? ? ? ? ? " Compost, 600 lbs. ? .< " ? ? ? Broadcast, 600 lbs. ? " ? " ? " Cotton Seed Com - post, 700 lbs. QUITMAN, GA., October 17, 1870. DEAR SIR : I closed yesterday the picking of my experiment rows with the different guanos I used. I endeavored to put a moneyed value of two dollars per aero on each as nearly as possible. I did not weigh the cotton myself, it was done by my overseer : Merryman.2 rows...81 pounds. Nothing.2 " 30 " Dickson Compound of my own making.2 " 92 " Nothing.2 " 33 " Etiwan, No. 2.2 ? 61 ? Nothing.2 " 37 " Etiwan, No. 1....2 " 62* " Nothing.2 ? 34 " Pendleton's.2 " 63 " Nothing.2 " 28 " Wilcox, Gibbs & Co...2 ? 56 " Nothing'.2 "31 " C. S. GAULDEN. WINNSBORO', S. C., January 4th, 1871. To Messrs. W. C. Bee dc Co., Charleston, S. C. : I don't hesitate to pronounce Etiwan Guano No. 2 a most superior fertilizer for cotton. I planted about 60 acres of land in cotton the past year, and gathered therefrom about sixty four thousand pounds of seed cotton. Most of the land is dis integrated granite, and would not in all probablity have made without this or some other equally as good a fertilizer, one-half of what it did make. In other words, I think my crop was im proved at least 100 per cent, by the use of tho Etiwan Guano No. 2. I applied 300 pounds of it to every acre. - W. R. ROBERTSON. 96 DEPOT, GREENVILLE AND COLUMBIA R. R. To Messrs. W. C. Bee db Co. : GENTS : Owing to a great deal of trouble I have neglected too long to make my report to you. We were very unfortunate in this noigorhood, owing to drouth. Our cotton did not come up until June? At ono time it looked splendid, full of squares and bolls, but the want of rain caused the forms to fall off. Below you will find the result of my experiment, although it is a failure, yet you will perceive your fertilizers are superior to the others. I can't account for the fact that the No. 1 sur passed tfie No. 2. Yours, respectfully, H. W. LELAND. T PER ACRE. No Manure. .326 lbs. Etiwan No. 1, (400 lbs.).532 " Etiwan, " .512 " Soluble Pacific, ".422 ? Wando, " .480 ? CHARLESTON, S. C., January 6th, 1871. Messrs. W. C. Bee db Co.: ". ! GENTS: I regret the delay that has occurred in answering your favor of 15th October, but I have waited until I could give you the entire results. I used three tons of Etiwan No. 2 last season on cotton, using it on the most of tho crop at the rate of 200 lbs. to the acre, and was much pleased with the results. Tho cotton grew rapidly and matured well, and while cotton manured with other fertil izers, showed signs of rust ; that manured with the Etiwan was green and flourishing, and yielded on an average about 800 lbs. seed cotton to the aero. I applied it to two acres, as an experiment, at the rate of 400 lbs. to the acre, and from these two acres, I picked 4,360 lbs. of seed cotton, while two acres immediately adjacent, manured with Pacific Guano, at the rate of 400 lbs. to the acre, only yielded 2,740 lbs. of seed cotton, and four acres in the same field, on the other side, heavily manured with stable manure, yielded 7,120 lbs. seed cotton. Etiwan No. 2,400 lbs. to acre, made 2,180 lbs.'seed cotton to acre. Pacific, 400 lbs. " " 1,370 lbs. " " " Stable Manure, very heavy " 1,780 lbs. " " " I intend using Etiwan No. 2 exclusively this year. Yours, respecfully, J. ADGER SMYTH. PENDLETON, S. C., October 21, 1870. Messrs. W. C. Bee db Co.: In answer to your request, I give my experience with the Etiwan Guano. I used the guano on cotton alongside of some on which there was no fertilizer. Tho laud is exactly the same quality, and in the same field, being a very poor sandy soils with stiff clay subsoil. I used one sack (200 pounds) of Etiwan No. 2 per acre. The cotton was all worked alike. I will gather at least 500 pounds of cotton per acre off tho land tho guano was used upon, and am confident I will not get more than 150 pounds per acre off that without any fertilizer. I do not con sider tho guano fairly tested on account of the drouth. Respectfully, J. B. SIMPSON. ALEXANDRIA, CALHOUN CO., ALA., September 17, 1S70. Mr. Chas. Pratt : DEAR SIR: I used this year 300 lbs. Etiwan Guano-200 lbs. No. 2, and 100 lbs. No. 1. I used it on an old sedge field, which had not been cultivated for several years, at the rate of 200 lbs. per acre. The Etiwan has increased the yield of the natural land from 150 to 200 per cent. This is shown by land unmanurcd, between and on each side of the Etiwan's. Up to the 1st of.August the No. 2 was from 15 to 20 per cent, bettor than No. 1, but now I can see no difference in the two. I shall use the Etiwan more largely another year. (Signed) Very truly yours, WM. PELHAM. ANDERSON COUNTY, S. C., October ll, 1870. Messrs. W. C. Bee db Co., Charleston, S. C. : GENTS : I have used the Etiwan No. 2 on cotton this season, ac the rate of 150 lbs. to the acre ; and, by comparison with rows of cotton in the same field, on tho same kind of laud, without any manure, I find that it has increased the yield at least 100 per cent. However, owing to thc great reduction iu the price of cotton, I do not think it will be a profitable invest ment for next season, unless the price of tho manure can be reduced so as to correspond with the present price of cotton. Very respectfully, C. S. MATTISON. WM. C. BEE & GO., General Agents, Adger's WJiarf, Cliarleston, S. C.