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members had a decided feeling against me on these points. Things went on rapidly growing worse-and-worse until, in 1837, Mr. J. Q. Adams presented a petition from twenty three slaves of Fredricksburg, Virginia,-= praying Congress to abolish slavery, &c. This produced great excitement dnd, after much discussion, it ended finally in the House passing a resolution which was equivalent to affirming that slaves had a right to petition. The Southern members called a meeting and I proposed that we would tiot again take our seats until the obnoxious resolution were re pealed by the non-slaveholding members themselves. After several. days of excite ment, my proposition was voted down and the resolution was repealed by the assistance of Southerne votes. I refused to vote at all, and never afterwards attended any caucus of Southern members on the subject of slavery. r was rebuked as an agitator, and, in a circ lar addressed by the delegation from Missis sippi to their Constituents I was openly de nounced. as a traitor to the Union, while others were praised for saving the Union. I merely mention these things now, to show the rapid progress of events, and rcot to show the hamble part I may have had in them, for I only happened to be prat in that position from the deep interest I then felt in the matter. It was about this period that Mr. Adams began, to assume the doctrine, that Congress might have power over the whole subject of slavery in the States-and used the remarka ble language upon the floor, when asked by a gentleman from Alabama, what he would do if abolition produced siuices of blood, he exclaimed in great excitement, " Let it flow! Let it flow ! !" I mention Mr. Adams merely because be was the great leader of agitation -and gave form and consistency to Fanati cism. His high position and eminent abili ties gave dignity and power to all those move ments which were started under his advice, and which will end where, I sincerely be lieved, lie desired them to end, in a dissolu tion of this Union. Then came on the ex citement as to recognition of Independence and annexation of Texas. A large portion of the North jwere enlisted against Texas simply on the ground that it might increase the power of the Slave States. They de clared often and over in their resolutions and through their papers that annexation of Texas would be a dissolution of the Union. This has been their feeling ever since the purchase of Louisiana. Mr. %osiah Quincy, an able and leading member of Congress, from Mas sachusetts, when the Bill for the admission of Louisiana was before Congress, used this language, "If this Bill passes it is my de liberate opinion that it is virtually a dissolu tion of the Union-that it would free the States from their moral obligations; and that, as it will be the right of all, so it will be the duty of some, definitely to propose fir se:a ration, amicably if they can, forcibly if they must" Such was the universal doctrine of bitter Federalism then against the admission of Slave States-and such is their doctrine at this day. Mr. Webster in his recent speech at Bunffilo, so much landed, says at tho time Louisiana was acquired he was "too young to hold any ofiee or take any share in politi. cal- affihirs." He says he had "nothing to do with the Florida treaty or the admission of Flirida !" He says also, - I never would con sent that there should be one foot of s/are territory beyond what the old thirteen States had r t the time of the formation of the Union." He says, as to the- annexation of Texas, "I sought an occasion to proclaim my iytter aversion to any such measure, and I de termined to resist it with all my strength to the last !" He further says in the sante.. speech, I will not now or hereaf er6nsent to beafnbered-among-th-ose w mo introduced -iiswslaive power into the Union. .1 was born at the North-educated at the North-have rLved all my days at the North-I wish to see all men free. I have no associations out of the Northern States-My people arc your people. You wil find mue true to the North because all my sympathies arc with the North." If this had been uttered by a South ern Statesman he would have been denounced by the minions of power as inarrow and see tional in al his feelings-an ultraist-a dis unionist. And yet when it is proclaimed by the high est Minister of State, and comes to us with the unction of official dignity and umnder tihe patronage of Magisterial authority, it is all eloquence-all genuine American patriotism! What right ha:s lhe, as an Oflicer of Govern mnut, to proclaim himself exclusively a North ern man ? Has it come to this that the gov ernment is alreaidy assumed to belong to one section, and arc we to be considered merely as their provinces? Is lie to be Secretary of State for the North alone ! And is tids to be his policy in conducting the foreign nego tiations of the countryi Are we0 to be out lawed ? And is he, in no event, to protect slave power or slave property ? WVhere then is our protection under the national fing ? Talk about a single State not being able to give protection to our interests !-better, far better stand alone-than to receive such pro tection as is thues tended to us by the Secre tary of State for the Union. Is this not a pregnant chapter in the history of our down wvard career ? Fellowv-citizens ! I tell vou, it speaks a language not to b~e mistaken, and we must be prepared to assert our own rights or we are gone beyond redemption. But, to progress with the history of aboli tion as connected wvith the annexation of Texas.-It is well knownm that a great move mont was made in this country and also in Great Britain against that annexation be canse it might strengthen and perhaps perpet uate slavery in those States. About this period, the " World's Convention" was held in London with representatives from this country as wvell as every where else, for thme abolition of African Slavery throughout the world. The Representatives from the North ern States became fully possessed of the opinions of such men as Mr. Webster and Mir. Adams at that time. and acted strictly in concert with British Philanthropists and Brit ish Statesmen in all their moves upon Texas. There was a comunication- made by Mr. J. Q. Adams to the British Government through Mr. Lewis Trappan and by him pro claimed in the "World's Convention." Mr. Tappan said, "in a conversation I had with John Quincy Adams on that subject, (the annexation of Texa4) he said, 'I deem it the duty of Great Britain as a christian nation to tell the Toxians that slavery must be abolished; that it shall not be planted there after all the efforts and saerifices that have beeni made to abolish it all over the wvorld. The annexation of Texas will,' he said, 'be a leading topic next Session, but I will oppose it wvith all the vigor and talent that God has given me. If slavery is abol ished in Texas, it must speedily fall through out America, and wvhen it falfs in America it will expire throughout Christendom.'" Sir Robert Peel imamedia tely after this, car ried the dieeriminating duty on Sugar which is an annual tax, on the ground that it would enable him to make a treaty wvith Bramzil for the abolition of slavery. His words wvere, "Make the attempt.-Try to get cmneessbons from those from wohom yous get your supplHes. You may depend upon it there is a growing conviction among the people of these coun trie that slavery is not unaccompanied by great dangers. In Cuba, in the United S-tts, in the Braziles, there is a ferment on-the sub ject of sievery whi;:h. i: spre::ding and ieal spread. Some froin humane and benevolent motives-some on account of interested fears begin to look at the great example we have set, and begin to look at the conscucn ces which may resudt fromn drat examplr NEAR Ea HOME. It is impossible to look at the dis cussions in the United States of America, and especially to the conflicts between the Nort'ern an Southern St:tes, without. seeing that slavery in that nation stands on a preen rious footing (Cheers.) The same feeling is growing up in Brazil and Cuba," &e. Not long after this-December 26th, 1843, Lord Aberdeen, at the head of Foreign Af fairs in Great Britain, addressed that famous letter to the Secretary of State in the United States, which produced such profound sensa tion in this country. He justifies the course his government pursued towards Texas in at tempting to procure emancipation there. He says-" with regard to the latter point (abol ishing slavery in Texas) it must be and is well known both to the United States and to the whole world, that Great Britain desires, and is constantly exerting herself to procure, the general abolition of slacery throughout the world." Again he says-" With regard to Texas, we avow that we wish to see slave ry abolished there, as elsewhere, and we should rejoice if the recognition of that coun try by the Mexican Government should be accompanied by an engagement on the part of Texas to abolish slavery eventually, and under proper conditions throughout the Re public." Fellow Citizens! I am thus minute in tracing the history of this great question to show you that the final result and objCect of all these movements is the total overthrow of your institutions-that it is a concerted system between Great Britain and Northern men-that they intend to strike the blow when they dare do it. This letter of Lord Aberdeen was formally laid before our Gov ernment, and if the present Secretary of State had been at the head of affairs, where would we have been ? With his present de clarations that lie never had and never would Add to the slave power, he would then have prostrated us at the feet of Great Britain, and thrown Texas to the Lion as a sweet mor sel to be devoured, only to whet his appetite for the victims that were to be prepared for the greaterslaughter. Butthank God ! other men were at the head of aflirs, and Mr. Cal houn's great letter as Secretary of State, turned the tide of events. Texas was an nexed and our foreign and domestic enemies were foiled. The Hon. John Reed, a leading man and friend of Mr. Webster, from Massachusctts, used this language in a letter dated 4th Au gust, 1843,-" it must be understood that the Free States will neither consent nor sub mit to the annexation of Tcxas to this Union. Such annexation would result in its dissolu tion.-In fact it would be an absolution from the bonds and obligations of the Constitu tion." At meetings in Massachusetts, it was re solved over and over that annexation was dissolution, and that Massachusetts was ab solved from all political obligations to the slave States." At the close of the 26th Congress, thirteen influential members, among whom were J. Quiney Adams, N. B. Calhoun, Gov. Slade, Mr. Morgan of New York, and Mr. Howard of Mliehigan, all uni ted in a manifesto in opposition to annexa tion of Texas, in which they used the fol lowing language : "We hesit .tot to say tiat annaxnilan -cfeet any act or proceedings of the Federal Government or any of its depart. ments would be identical with dissolution. It would be a violation of our national comn pact-its objects, designs and the greatt ele mentary principles which entered into its for mation, of a character so deep and fuuda mental, and would be an attempt to inter mix an institution (slavery) and a power, of r. nature so unjust in themselves, so injurious to the interests and abhorent to the feelings f the people of the freeptates, ats in our o pin ion, not only inevitably to re.sult in a diesoln ion of tlie Union, bunt fully to jutstify it !" In a studied address delivered ivy Hhon. J. Q. Adams to the young men of Boston, re' ported i, the National Jntelligencer of 12th October, 18441. H~e uses these striking and signilicant words: YOUNG MlEN OF" BOSTON! " The generation of men to whom, now fifty one years by-gone, I gave this so'lemnn pledge, have passed enitirely away. Tho'se in whose nme I gave it are, like him who ad1,lreses yon, drop ping into the grave. JBut they h.we redeemued their and my pledge. They werie your fa~the'-s, and they have maintained the freedom tranismit ted to them by their sires of the wvar of intlepen dence. They have transmuied thait freedoum to you, and upon you now devolves the dluty of transmitting it unimpaired .to your posterity.I tour trial is appiroaching. The spirit of .free doma and the spirit of slavery are drawing to gKeter for the deadly cogflict of arms. The annexation of Texas to thi4 Union is the blast of the trumpet for a foreign, eivil, servile, and lndini war, of which theo Government of yourL country, fallen into faithless hanids, have already twice given the signal-first by a shiameless treaty, re jeeted by a virtuous Senate ;and ag;:da by the glove of defianehurled by thme aplostle of nulli fication, at the avm'ved pulicy of the British em pire peacefumlly' to promote the extinctioni of sLwme ry thoughout thme world. Young mene of hioston: burnish your armor, prepatre for thme confliet, andl I say to you ini the language of Gag:-u's to the ancient Britons. Think of~ your forefathiers! think of your posterity !" This is no common language from a common man. I do not choose to quote fromiyour commen fanatics or yotir ordinary men, but I quote (rein those who aire high in intellect --high in popular favor-high in~ powver. And I say to you in reply, Young Men of Carolina! The contest may " draw together for the deadly conflict of armns."-Bnrnishi your armor-prepamre for the confiet-and if that terrible day does come, do your duty Strike for yotrr country and her altars Think of your forefathers! T.hlinik of~ your posterity! After the British Government and our Northern brethren were defeated in their schemes against us to be e!Yeeted throigh Texas, they fell batck to circumscribe us by the Wilmot Proviso. After the acquisition of those vast territories from Mexico-it wvasf suddenly laid down that there was no need for thme W'ilmot Proviso to exclude us, for wve were already excluded by the Mexican lawv. And ini addition to this it was gratvely laid down as Ameriean law, that any band of ad venturers that might seizo upon those territo ris,utnder the natural and unalienable tights of man, could assumne to themiselkes sover eign power, :.nd then erect atny government they might think proper, so they~ catlled it a State, and extenid their jurisdiction to any boundaries they might declare, no matter how extensive or where the lines niight run. Until this, we had supposed that the States united through their common agent, the Fed eral Government, had alone the p)ower to take incipient steps in the organization of territories in the public domain. Bt, tinder this new doctrine, togethier with the assumup tion as to the force of Mexican law, we were to be excluded from all privileges as citi ze. of slave-holdiner Stntes in the rich ter-I ritorics acquired, and that was sufficient to I make those. who now assnme to be onr i miastcs, sdop. it. They have 'swterted !he i power to circumstrioe us-they have eaclo- I sed us in a grtt penitentiary wall, and our doom is inevitable. In the progress of a I few years,-nnd, by one quarter of a million of i foreign emigrants a year, they will, nnder i their system, have new States sufficient to 1 make any law--or, if the letter of the Con- i stitution should happen to stand in the way, I they will have ample power to make a direct amendment. Fifty years is but a very short time in national existence, and fifty years will fix us beyond the hope of a patriotic and 'courageous struggle. No! now is the I day, and now is the hour-Rise and rush to 1 the "Red Sea," and if the God of Hosts will not save us; we may yet again praise Him, who shall lead us safely out of the power of our enemies. But it is said there is danger and difficulty in going alone. That separate State action will be full of disaster and ruin. Those who say so, admit that it is ruin to stay. We have been denied equal ity as a State-we have been spurned and contemned. Instead of coneiliation and kindness, our instituttions have been derided and we have been held up for denunciation, in our morals and social intercourse, before the christian and moral world. Our coun iry is one constant scene of bitter agitation aad painful anxiety. There is not a moth er or a father in our land that does not ask the question every night~iwhat is to be come of us? Is this the fosteringleare of kind protective Government? This itself is odious tyranny and intolerable degradation. What thoughthere be difficulty and danger in the State acting alone! Iteannot beworse than to stand and bear it. Better to move like freemen boldly for the independence and rights of the country, for if we should even perish, we will fall with our honor saved and a name unstained,jfor the admiration of posterity. But if we stand still, we shall perish like mice under an exhausted receiver -with no consideration save the pity of the world. Mr. Chairman! has any man thought seri ously of the terrible effects of abolition when brought to our homes and to our ire-sides? Three millions of black slaves, turned lose upon the community, would present such a scene as the world has never conceived. They would come directly into competition with the white mechanics-artizans and comn. mon laborers of the whole country. They would work for little or nothing-a bottle of rum and twist of tobacco; what would-be come of the free artiz-ms, enterprising me chanies, and industrious laborers of our country? Brought down to a degradedeom- I petition with three millions of slaves made I free. Now, they are regulated and labor in an entirely different field. Who then could 1 live here ? Now, the white man feels freedom to be his privilegc and rank-it separates him I from the caste below him. He will then < have the black man put up as his equal, and they will sink together iinto a common but 1 degraded level. The wealthy man, if lie is I mean enough and base enough to desert the country, may be able to save something and i do so, but the poor man whose fate is fixed from necessity in the doom and destiny of the country is here and here forever-there 1 is no escape. Let no man hug to hiiself I the fttal delusion that lie is too poor to feel the withering. blight of that dreadful curse, if it should ever come. There is none so high 1 and none so low, but he will shiver under the howling of that dreadful bl.ast. There will br.ao-pesinfe~ottage, that hangs upon nir hills, however humble, but will fall before that midnight storm. There will be no sign upon the door posts or intels of any chosen and elect, by whlich the destroying angel may know to pass by. Gentlemen! many suppose, because sla-1 very lins been extinguished in other coun triesvithout a convulsion, that it can be done1 here. But the circnmstances arc totally dif ferent. In the Romian Republic, the slaves were of the same color and of the same1 race. Many of them were learned and re-I fined. The~y were taught those things that] were su pposed to be efifeminate by their wvar-1 like masters. They merely changed as the overnment and laws and society changed, .tnd were gradually and finally lost in amalIga imatioin, the races 'all being the samile. So in Engand. And alhhough the followvers of WiLImAi the conqueror looked for ages in contempit upon the Sa:cons, yet their color and physil :atributes were the same. Trueii, n'hen one of their King~s, at list, initer married with a Saxoni, it produced a shock to the conqiuering race, yet it was the beginning of that gemieral nmnalgaiationm, which finally itringled the twvo races until the distine tons were lust and forgotten, :imd slavery radually fell without a convulsion, and with ot even a general law in rclation to it. Not so here. God himself has made such dis tictioiis of color and other physical as well as moral attributes, as forever forbid the same t~rminat ion. No ! no ! go forwvard in this wild scheme of mad fanaticism and w;hining phniltrophy, and you convert tis hind of happines int o scenes of universal blood, anu then, finmall r, into a barbarian wilderness. It will dry up all the sources of proapemity and reiemient, and we wz!l have nothming but a imelacholr and deset ed landl withi, p~erchaneei, here and there a solitary inhiabitanit to point out the graves aind thme monumenctts of our once heroic tre~e. And this is doiie ini a famr shorter time than many of us imagine. Look at St. Domingo-the very name cur des one's veins-look at all the WVest India Islads of France and England. Less thtan twenty.five years ago-cultivation, refine ment 'and the arts held their mingled sway over those fairest regions of God's creation, and where now are thiey? Laid low in ruin nd desolattion. Vag:-ant labor, set free, stalks ini lean and hunigry feroeity through out a deserted lamnd. And, we too in like manneri~i, will pass into desolation it we sub mit now to ani unslernp~lous anud an unhimi tel rovernment. T.alk about the commercial ruini to Charleston if we act! why sir, it. is nothing compared1 with our destiny if we do mot act. Besides, when is it that any people ever (lid tread the path that leads to I nde iedece without difliculty and danger Peace, qpiet, safety, ease, are the lullibies of Despotism. Go intoi thme interior of Syria lok upon that vast and calm sea " sleeping like an unweaned infant "-visit its coast. and you will see one wide spread plain of' slt and desolation-and no living erenture n breathe in the hot air that rises fromi its calm, heavy, bituminous surfnee-thiat, sir, is the decnd'sea of despotism anid subnmissioni. T1urn to another picture, and look atl th deep blue waters oif thes:e bounding billows -the spray dashing against the very Hlear ens-look at the coast covered with th' rich est verdure. All nature leaps and bonm.as un der the plastic hand of a b enificen t God cultivation aiid refinement rise up to bless. and to gladden thme heart of man. rue thie waters rise mounttaini high and there is p~eril and damnger to alhl who ride on its stormy sur face. That, sir, is the sea of liberty. 1 Hie wvho expects to live a freeman, must expect to encounter danger and difficulty without this, liberty itself loses much of its ersential worth. I thiinkc the probabilities are that we will ha- to .... alon.. we act ~it ll. I honn 1 owever we wilLdo nothing rash-wa must ake proper time and be prepared before we itrike. We mast: do nothing to oil-end even 1 he pride of or sister Southern States. ?-e 1 unst do nothi:wg under an idea. of cotnpeling hen to act. it;we are driven to it, we must nake our own issues according to our own nterests, independent of them if they will iot counsel with es. We must not force an ssue for them. After we shall have acted in he most moderate and modest manner, all vill readily peree've, should the General Sovernment attempt to usurp the power to lecide and tender us force to compel rubmis don or to hinder or aunoy us, that then in 'eality a new ilse' is made by the Govern- 1 nent, and what may be our lot must finally i e the lot of every other Southern State. Like the victim'. that Polyphemus singled 1 ut for each-repast, the lot of all will be, to be devoured by the same voracious jaws. We may be the first victim, but there will be no escape for the rest unless they pass out ogether with the-flock. I have hopes in Georgia. And if McDox AtLD. the noble standard bearer of the cause )f justice and right shall succeed this Fall, md a majority to the Legislature is elected with him, I feel that we will have friends dhero. And any proposition that might be rnade to us from them, I would respectfully receive and consider it as from our brethren. So of Mississippi. There is QuITMAN, from the storm of battle, as brave as a Knight Templar from the holy land itself, and the gallant DAVIS who waved as bright a sword s ever flashed over the perilous ridge of vie tory. These are men who are able at the ouneil board as well as mighty captains in the field, and ifothey carry Mississippi, as I Feel assured they will, we will greet whatever propositions they have to make with a cor ial and a hearty welcome, because we know they could make n'one but what were compat ible with the vindication of our rights and mur honor. I am for co-operation if it can be obtained in any reasonable time. I will lo any thing, but yield principle, to obtain it. The elections in nearly all the States take place before our Convention can meet. Con wress has to meet. Ohio has already elected )pen abolition Senators,-so has New York, md so has Massachusetts. They arc openly or a repeal of the fugitive slave lawv-and eelare there was, in fact, no Compromise. i Ihe two parties in Pennsylvania have re enly made issue upon precisely the same points. If Gov. Jonnson and his friends :rry Pennsylvania, it is upon the ground hat there is no Compromise and that the fu ative slave law must be repealed. If they succeed then there will be no alternative, we rust strike and strike immediately although he Union should fall--we must strike and trike alone, if none will strike with us be he consequences what they may. I was elected a member of the Conven ion while T was absent from the State with ut the slighest consultation with me. It vas no post to be coveted. And I desire to )e entirely free from all p:rty feeling that nay spring up -to be perfectly unbiased, so , is to be tile to do my duty conscienciously iccording to circumstances when the Con rention meets. The final destiny of the dave-holding race is one of the greatest prob ems that is to be worked out inl modern imes. If we- are wise, we can save our >rder of civilization-but it will require great udgement andtireat boldness. There may e too much castion. A bold move, at the )roper time, mn y be the basis of strength. I 'he internal 9rncture of our society has I freat strongtb Our military organization .i ives much gr~e r capneity for defence than' ppears upon tl 'surface. I trust we shall e able to fulfll our destiny as becomes an ntelligent and gvegeople, I love my ownlilfls and 'imy own valhecs, >eanse my frikndh and my kindred live there -I love my own home and my own country. >cause it wvas thme home and the country of ny forefathers--I love my own State, each nid every one .of her institutions, because hey are the institutions handed down to us yya gallant and heroiu ancestry. Whatever I [ am, a..as whatever I hope to be on earth, is ere and here forever,-! stake it all on the 1 [ndependence of my country.1 EDGEFIELD, S.C. THURSDAY, JULY 241, 1851. PRESSED OUT. WsE are fairly pressed out of our columns this wek, having determined, from a desi:-e to avoid, vn the appearance of partiality, to give roomi nr both the speeches we had on hand, in the same ssu. Our enrrespondents, who are beginning| meveral sets of articles, must put up with their ex-. lusion on the same ground. And so must a few f our advertising friends. This is our speech-is me, par exrccllence. Next week, all will find roum, md variety shall rule in her turn. lBut an apology, we are sure, is umnecessnry; For, although our own- weekly hucenbrations are, For the time being, "under a hushel," yet a mn ntersting number of the Advertiser htas act per aps been issued this year. TH E SEASONS AND THlE CROPS. LAr-rr.UI.Y. we have had in this vicinity our Full share of both rain and wind. The former, we ire glad to say, has done more good than the tatter as harm. The corn crops will yet be tolerably Fair. There is however no promise of a large sur-1 lus in nany quarter of the District we have heardi From. The1, great majority of our farmers will omence upon the in-coming crop as soon as the train is sufficiently 'iry; fr at least five cribs out of 'en are nowv empty, and before the present harvest caches us, we apprehend that ninety out of a indred will be. Coton is still promiring well. --0-----" SENTIsMENT 0OF THlE STATE. W gave last week the most correct conelusions wc were enabled1 to form as to the public feeling int ariouE parts of the State. Later information goes o prove the entire correctness of those conclu ions. There were several Districts to whlich we nde no allusion, because we stipposed no one en :ertained a doubt as to their politics. Among those, tre Newberry and Union. two or the most tho ogh-going secession Districts in all our gallant anks. Laurens too, in spite of friend YrasY, oc rupies a position alongside of her spirited sisters; md this we have heard recently from several pri rate sottrces. Oflr brother Wantw has notsouind d the tocsin in vain. A proud and a noble name i that of LAUaEs, and the District, wvhich bears t gives abundant evidence that her "Herald," in iroclaiming that she was ready to enter the lists r Equality or Independence, spoke by authority. llure anon ! REPLY TO THlE H ERALD'S QUESTION,. WE heard that stupid rtumor about the "minori .y of one." With whom it originated we did not I yother ourselves to enquire ; its absurdity having I sneeni soon exposed. That very common but unknown < 1gent, upon whom no one can lay hands, and who, I or want of a better name, may be called "ME.- I >ax," wa perhaps the indivildual who first issued SPEECH OF HON. F. W. PICKENS. WE call public attention to this able and states uanlike iffort of o'ir distinguished fellow citizen. is the argumne:tt of one, who has beet long con -erant wii the true workings of our goverr.ment -one, who has not, peri:aps, in South Carolina, P superior in point of political sagacity. It is only ecessary to point to the unwavering consistency nd orthodoxy of his course during the fifteen years f his political life, to show that this is but a mere cd compliment. The present speech especially emands the careful examination of every true icutherner--first, from its succinctand strongarray if the argument on the right mof secession-second y, from its conclusive demonstration of the ulti- , nate designs of the anti-slavery propagandists, Irawn from a condensed sketch of the history of heir movements--thirdly, from its elevated ap >eals to the nobler impulses of our nature, placing is they do, the honor and character of the State ar above all paltry considerations of pecuniary oss, and pointing to the high road of sEtrAATE ICTION as, perhaps, the only means of vindicating >Ui EQUALITY. It is due to Col. PICKENS to state that this op ortunity was not sought by him in the least. His !onvictions of the high responsibility resting upon im, as a member of the Convention, had restrained tim from interfering in the least with the popular igitation. But discovering it to be the wish ofa large >ortion of his fellow-eitizens to learn his views 'rm himself, and, seeing that the current of feel ng was now setting strongly in favor of the course te had privately approved, lie deemed it not in rusive to come forward and add the weight of is opinion to the common tide. No one will blame im for having done so. Every one, we hope, vill give him credit for the very marked mildness tnd modesty of his course. ----- SPEECH OF CAPT, BROOKS. Oua readers will discover that we have inserted his week the speech delivered by Capt. faooms in Sale day last. Although we difer, in many >ints, from our friend, we yet hope that every easier of the Advertiser will do him the justice to Live his address an impartial perusal. It is a pro luction of considerable taste and eloquence, and ye know it emanates fror.i a patriotic heart. We have neither space nor inclination to criti ize the arguments of our old associate at this ime. TIlE EJIGEFIELD RESOLUTIONS. Tu Southern Standard aflbcts such dullness of Lpprehension as to the spirit and character of these esoltions, that we will endeavor, in a few words, o awaken his perceptions into their proper and mealthful exercise. For this purpose, we take as or text the third resolution, which reads thus: " Resolved. That South Carolina canr.ot with mnor or safety retire from her present position, end we pledge ourselves to sustain her in it, whether it ends in joint or separate secession." This, the Southern Standard says, is no seces ion resolution. And why i Because he has proved o his satisfaction, that the poition of the State is no of patient endurance, until some other State hall be hold enough to take the lead and strike he blow which his poor South Carolina has neither he nerve nor the ability to do. With this under tanding of our position, ho is ready to swallow he resoluion, head, tail, bristles, and all. The Editor of the Standard is a classical scholar, and, we doubt not, will anticipate us, when we say hat his construction forces him to swallow a speci men of most heathonish English, one which vio ates the plainest rules of common sense ns well s correct composition. His stomach may possi ly bear it-but we can assure him that, with his oastruction upon it, the Resolution under can. ideration would have been spewed out by the Edgefield meeting with ineff'able disgust. Let us examine the language for a moment. 'South Carolina cannot RETIRE." Would this ce the language used, if she were no: understood o have occupied an advanced position ? Wutuld ensible men have indited such phraseology when peaking of a State, which had not only failed to ake any such advanced position, but which had dedged herself never to occupy it ? (This is the 'tandard's assumption in reference to South Caro ina's present attitude.) Would they not rather tae said, "South Carolina cannot with honor or afety exceed lier present position !" Assuredly, lie Stanidard's appreciation of plain English and >f plain sense will, in reply to this last question, ,vbisper "yes !" Either then, the Standard mutst leny its of Etdgefield the ability to understand the 'oce of the sitmplest terms, or he must admit that te misinterprets the palpable meaning of itat [tesolution. But, if this be noat sufficient to shtow the forced hlarcter of the Standard's exposition, it is ontly iecessary to read the concluding part of the reso ution, and the absurdity will be apparent at a lance. "We pledge ourselves to sustain her in , whether it ends in joint or separate seression." ow, if it were meant, by the first part of the 'esolution, that wye only declare our resolve to follow the lead" of some other State, where vould be the reason or propriety of saying that ve "pledge ourselves to sustain her in separate eession 1" Would not this expression, accordhing to the Standard's understanding of the resolution, con radict the foregoing part ? Evidently. Observe no that :his expression is connected with what oes befora it, by the copulative, not the disjunc ive conjiuction, clearly showing that it is a con ~lusion directly inferable from and compatible ith the foregoing premise. The very face of the esolution will show to the huzmblesr, individual rtending to an acquaintance wvith his mother egue, that -'separate secession" is expected to e the consequence of South Carolina's "present >oston." Hrow does the Standard reconcile this expecta ion, heartily expressed as it is, with his tinder sandng of the positIon and duty of the State ? If shte is to wait fixeidly and doggedlly to the end >f the chtapter unt-ss some. other State show her the vay, where we ask, is the possibility of squeezi'tg n the idea of separate secession!i The people of Egefiehl and the Standard read the course andl ttituide of Sonm tht Carolina, very differently, as the Lthove resolution, cotnclusively proves. The Stnid irdl condemns others for attempting "to manufac ire public opinion in South Carolina," and yet truggles, himself, to misconstrue a plain senti ient direct from the people." "Take frst the ca out qf thine own eye." We recommend to the Standard the e::nmpte of he Patriet, who, being strait-forward in his views lowever wvrong, frankly admits, without the show if cavil, that the Edgeifield Re.solutions are seces ion resolutionts. It has beeni complacently said that the genius f the State is against action, ("self-praise, half' cndal,") and wie were bedh to think that th's genius vase to pou:- its concenutrated tide of light through he columns of the Siandlardl, to illumine the igno ance and dispel the fatuity of thme ungifted soa s ionists. Antd yet it will be admi~ted, by candid ndges, that no secessiont paper has yet been re Iuced to suich "ad captandurn" shifts-such shah ow sophistry, as has this Great Exponent of Caro in Intellectuality, during its brief career. We lo not say, gentlemen, thai you lack either tran cendancy or transparency of genitus,-humt we do ay that the factitious political mists with wvhicht 'ont have surrounded youreelves, are fatal to its nliing nnwar'. REVIEW OF TILE lOT REGLrunENT. Wa have only space to-say a few words of this review. We lerrn that the tsrn-ont w c inifuense -that the Scaft displhy was , splendid-that speeches made by Governor ME.wts, Major Gener-' i1 BorIn t and Irgiidier General Wie.va, werJ cheered enthusiastically. The driii was long-the day excessively hot-and of course the regiment was almost worn out with fatigue. Yet they listened with marked -attention. to three sreeches, and approved each one of them with'the loudest thonts of applause. It is unnecessary to say of what political cast those speeches were. His Excellency, the Governor, will he in our Dis trict this week and the next, to attend the other Reviews and the Encampment of the 2nd Brigade. MIONUIMENT TO COL. P. M. BUTLER. A call is made upon the survivors of the Pal metto Regiment to meet in Columbia upon the 20th August, the anniversary of Churubusco. The principal object is to make arrangements for ereet ing a monument to their beloved commander-and a noble object it is! Why it has not been done before (not by the Palmettos, but by the State.) we have been ever at a loss to understand. The body, which once held the bold spirit of our Patriot I [ero, lies in a grave, unmarked by a single tribute to the memory of the departed This has not been the result of forgetfulness or ingratitute; for many a tear has moistened that simple grave and many a bosom has heaved a sigh of sadn.uss and regret while viewing it. No, it cannot be wilful neglect. But it will become so, if we yield not to the im pulse of honor and duty at an early day. The opportunity i< now ofered. Let us join "the orphan band," in raising a worthy memorial to him who was "the Father of his Regiment." We would suggest to the members of the Re ment in each District to appoint several of t eir number to receive subscriptions until the d of their-mecitng in Columbia. We are sure it will not be in vain. Since penning the above, the notice of Capt. BROOKS has come to hand-to which we invite the attention of the members of Company "D." HAMBURG REPUBLICAN. Sonta pointed comments, on ore of the Green vile resolutions, were clipped by us from this paper for insertion in ours of this week; but, like several other good things, the extrnct is crowded out. We take occasion however to claim the merit of our intention, and to say to our District co-temporary-"Go on and prosper!" If we once wrote rather lightly of our Hamburg friends, it was only in the way of political controversy, and we trust they all now regard itin thislight. They have settled one point to our complete satisfaction, and it is this: Messrs. GaEGo and Boyca, how ever skilful in manufacturing cotton fabrics, can. never become the tnanufacturer. of public opinion for the intelligent and in'l pendent people of Edge field. Hewever imposing their influence may be aleewhere, here, in the back-woods, its "no go." amburg is yet likely to prove as determined upon recession, after failure of co-operation, as any other part of our District. We are truly glad of it. ILLUSTRATED FAMILY FRIEND. Ttis is the name of a large Fire-side Weekly, to be issued shortly in Columbia, South Carolina, by Mr. S. A. GODMtAN, formerly Editor of the Laurensville Herald. From Mr. GonatAn'o known ability in writing and skill in the minutia of -an editor's duty, we shall expect something decidedly good. Our readers will find his Prospectus In another column. . We hope many of them will .encourage this praisEworthy efyort by helping him, in advanCe, with their subscription. There is no hesita~tion on our part-to recommend his paper prospectively; for we have no~doubt it will-prove an admirable COJYNDUNICATIONS, Foa TnE7 ASVERTJsEnt. TRIBUTE OF RESPECT, A-r a regular meeting of CoscoauA LonoEc, No. 50, on the 19th inst., the following preamtble and resoltions, were passed. 1s~hres, it hatht pleased the Almighty to remove from us our beloved brother Ot.tvza TowL.Es, who died at his residence in this District, on Wed. neday, the 9th of thi:n month, of Typhoid Fever. .s an evidence of the love and tdflection we cher ish for his memory. and as a feeble testimonial of or grief at his loss,-be it Resoleed, TIhat in the death of onr brother TowLcs, the order of Ancient Free Mlasoe:s has lost a noble and a shining ligt ,nnd this Lodge has been deprived of one of its most usefutl and honored members. Resolvedl, That we tendler our heartfelt sympa thy to his mourning wvidow, and mingle our st'r row with lher's, in lher tad bereavment. Resolved, That, in ordner to testify to the love we bore outr brothter, atnd to evincee outr grief antd humility at the great loss we have sustaineod, we wear the badge of mourning for thtirty (lays. Resolv'ed. That these resoltutions be recorded on te Journals of the Lodge, t hat a copy be sernt to the famnily of outr d-ceased brother, a:t:d thet puh-. lication be made of them in thne Edgetield Adver tiser and the Masottic Miscellany. C. McGREGOR, Secretary. -----o FOR TIlE At DVERTIs~F. TIBUTE OF RISPECT, AT at regutlar mteeting of BUTL.ER LooE. No. 17, L. C. 0. F., the following preamble and reso utiotns wvere unatuimously adopted. Wlhercas, we arc again called upon to deplore the loss of one of our tmost exemplary antI beloved brothers, OLtvza TOW LEs, who departedlt his life tn Wednesday the 9tht inst., at his own reri:lence, in this Distriet, after a most painful ilness of two weeks-Be it therefore, Resolved, Thlat in the death of our worthy brter, Butler Lodge has beena deprived of a true, upright and noble member, the State of a usftl, just and spirited citizen, and our comm~nuni ty, of a mttan whno was its pride anti ornament. Rusolred1, That wve condole with his beroaved companion, itt all sincrit y of heart. Resotted, 'rTat int testimone) of oair love for our deceased brother, andi oinr respect for htis tnetmor-, a lef of the Secretary's book be appropriated to his ttame, and that htis death be recorded in thte Bible of the Lodge. Resolved, That these resolhttions he printed in the Advertiser, and that a copy be transmtitted to the famnily of the deceased. R. T. M'nlMS, Secretary. To MAKE WVATERt CoLD Foflt SL*ManE. Let thme jiar, pitchter, or vessel used for water, be surrounded with one or more fold~s of coarse cotton, tto be constantly wet. The evaporaion cf' the water will carry off thte heat from the in;side, and redntee it to a frr-ezitg point. In India and other tropientl regions, where ice catnnot be prtoc.ured, this g-ExPEYsE OF WEST PoIYT ACADEMT. -It appears by thte report of' the Board of Vistors on the finttncial condition of' the Mil itary Acadetny at West Point, that the an nual expense of the institution is set down at i63.012,86, ma~king the annunl cos~t to the Government of eneh cadet, $960 86. Qui.1i retainen mke rich mecrchant _ VOA~ TUEZ ADVL L Coa:S'r>,tSa,-bcar Sir : In aerance vith e request of many of my polical-fri ede, l fqr ard you for publiction tlic substance of my rema s ade en last male day, an correctly as I can nofrccolleet them. I liave been induced to comply with the requeet from a conseIousness, that the connection of my remarksi w lirper feet, because-of thewairt-of that composure, which huilbit alone, can a~quir'eor retain, and that in con'equenco I did justice neither to myself . oy the position I advocafc. You willriillebithat I said " are not the probabilities that South Cara lina, if she acts shortly. must act alone," and in confirnation ef-tlis opinion-I4iri lution, recently passed with great unanimity by the States Rights; Conventionpof ispipp, which Gen. QUIrMA was a member, and at which Colonels DAvrs and MicW njuwereps ent and also addressed. " fesolvcd,. That : the aldvoeites of State Rights are the tree friends of the Shuth, and of the Jnion ; and that no right can be imoreclear. or more essential to the protectin'fih r iinori tv, than the right of a State peaceablyJo with- ! draw from the.Union,-without deniali die uc. tion ron ny quarter whatever ; :but..whilstiwa assert the right, we consider it the last remedly, the final alternative. and-also didlare thail'the exercise of it by the State of Misiasipp(-tit der existing circumstances, would:be inexpedi ent, and is a proposition which does .nos ecet' the approbation of this Convention." mq, I am very respectfully, - Ydur obedient servant, P S BROO July 12, 1S5L sFEEOH OF CAF., P. ',: B"IO DELIVERED AT EDVEFIELD C. H., o.foiyDAT; JULY '7TIt, E' ORE A MEETING OF THt CITT.. ZENS CF TITE DISTRICT.a-G21.' JoNES ns THE CItAnW. 1- ~ Mr. Chairman..--I rise not .it' i . I address you as a citizen appeainy hilter ap iu lie call to a general conference for air iuteiehango of opinion upon a questiuo i- which weiare:nlli deeply interested, and as and whoelte'i lIst however we may disagree i'ted fle iti ' employed, we will all unite in tTie'en'd id' sired, and must ultinat.eiy.concur in so~pe of operation. . - I do not affect when I say that -I aresr with more diffidence than' I eei foi enced on such an oeanolt''' I 5ndI reference to this assembly in a minority direct conflict of opinion with men who belejs to be as sincere as myself; and wh6 I. knew t.e actuated by no other motive than' the'goed'k the country-with the companions of yn ft and with gentlemen under whloso"ejre 'e grown from infancy to manhood, arl whos tues my earliest lesson was to imitate: I address you -.ot as a politleisan oias ias cal nepirant,.but as a .mant who- i iibl~ party excitement and unfetteredby ticks: an one of the ountry o whose estate.consists of that very pee~es ofprp perty which is soonest affected-by'as y t des to.consolidation-on the one-hsi atle4 te . tion en theother. Sh'ould'mreiri lbe ' tute of every other merit they Will g4 to commended by the deepest sIVGritfyia a b~expressed.in:a spirit of econellstion an e peet.. Nay more-; 4here-avoiv that slifs the eovereigrr~1U'cf'&ruthGCarohi& is'e expressed-4et ei il vile her ifethey.'wigl,'butas fee),ne,wndm pcople2w-wwiflstauid ors fll-witrarlnab. there are -degrees of aroimw tsr~~N that those of us who itretiliid t'd .g t~ iudiviclualtpinions anid to iet witY t( even when we fear that her policy ma'y~ ho.gar ruin, have certainly as good.a..elait to the eqik ties of that virtue as others -whoairdetif -e liove in the efficacy of that ioliuy, and ytf~ when the issue is made, will and can.d fS8r than ourselives. I beg then that -yi willes me with that attention and respect always. due~ts' conviction, and which I anr as ready to extimn! as to receive. That the National Gaoernment las' faild the objects whi<:h induced the States of the o til to enter the compact is with us- universallyad nitted. The Constitution which we adoptedas the written rule of conduct for the N'ation,'corr' taining' limited powers, is now not morit regsd-'. ed, than if its rtuthorities were as boundless"9 the imainatio n and its only limit .the desircsf fanaticism. Tihe Union which -we er.tered for better security has become an instrument of op pr-ession, and by grinding exactions 1:pomd on~ !eecionl buialds up and fiattens another. The Statits of the South are practicaly neither egnals nor sovereigns, but absolute dependencies. A A fel ing of discontent now pervades the planting States, and in none is that dieontent so general and ntive as in this. 'The abuses of Federal legislation has forced upon us the enquiry, if ou'r iterest doeis not demand the exercise of thie same right by wvhicht we entered the Union,now that its purposes have failed, to retire from iti We who are present hold the right to withdrase as clear and indisputable as was the right to en ter, and throughout the South the general sentii ment is, thant the right of secession, is an incident of sovereignty. The right to secede ie in this State unqee:ionied, unless by a few who nature designed as the fawning sycophants of royalty aml accident threw into a Rlepublic. State Sov r(nnt and State flights have ever been Caro lina doctrinecs. The real qucstron before us, and beLfo~re the State is, the policy and expediency of South Carolina, single and alone, and without the co-operation of other States, exercising the right of seceding from thae Confederacy of other States. This question is brought before us by the Resc-g lutions which have been offered and upon which we are expected to vote. I object ta but one of the Rehsolutionsasrln de-rstand them, anld this objection is erented rnore diseussion (of the question of Secession than~ by thte Resolutio~n as It reads. Indeed, had [ beeti called upon ix monthls ago to give expression to my opinions upon the question. I-would cheerful ly have subteribed the Resolutions altogetheir~ a my creed. We whto are co-operationists 'l'sid from the beginning asked but time to'obtidW operation. One of our Congressional Senators, wvho fromi his position, abilities ad zeal,' we liil, we are warranted in .regarding'as the head 'ndI leader of th~e Secession Party, distinctly edeh'eW ed co-operation and said he did sot ikast'f.E If co-operation was undesilabi&dif Nii)P would but embarrass us-there could .et~t! be a amoti. ini-dea and -h..aeii0