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r v*.' ' 1 =*S^ ^Sa=~^ii* * ".' " ' " " ' ^ ~ ~~ ' " ??? " * 11 " 1 1 . 1 * tqMWMBBB)BBxaai. ... 1 1" " szaEaMgBsat^iM^mijipymagBW-^wWWB ^ BY CAVIS & TRIMMIER. DnroteiJ to Soutljent iiigl)ts, politics, Agriculture. <mir iiXiscHJamj. $2 per ahjttjik. VOL. XIII. SPARTANBURG, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1856. = ~ NO. 43/" eggjfefeggy i i 1 J '.i-j . - - TJSJB CAROLINA SPARTAN. BY CAVIS & TRIMMIER. an T- 0. P, VERNON, Associate Editor. bi: Price Twa Dollar.* per annum in auvnneo, or 93.SO at the end of the your. If not paid until j Pr after the year expires $3.00. tin Payment will be considered in ndvanoe if made within three months. No subscription taken for less than six months, j1" Money may be remitted through postmasters at Ti ear risk. or Advert>"sments inserted at tho usual rates, and contracts made on reasonable terms. The Spartan oiroulutes largely over this and co< adjoining districts, and otfers an admirable medium co: to our friends to reach customers. In. Job work of nil kind* promptly executed. Blanks, Law and Equity, continually oil liaud I or printed to order. . ; P1*1 QAROliIff A SPARTAN. I j RB OPENING TUB SLAVK TR.IDK. ^ Tho Ne w York Jouriiul of Commerce indulges | remark upon the proposition of Gov. Adams, in c|(j his message, lo re-open the slave trade. We make > a brief extract: em 'Tho argument of the impracticability id" its rejri- | j vsl is of itself conclusive against the agitation of j 1 nny plan to .effect it. By the common consent of ' civilised States, the slave trade is declared to lie ear piracy. It is so stigmatised, and made punishable , i?p with llie Dumiltv annluviblo to iluii ...... i... .... ( . , ,, - ?' "J "" I oT Congress, and a Ian in the treaty by which llie United Suites has bound itself to Co-operate with a j 1 naval fnfceemployed on the const of Africa to re- Mi pros* ill* pursuit by contraband dealers. The whole pm of Europe is united in n like eottdenintion ot the trade, and nearly nil the European States have bound themselves reciprocally to exercise and ad- litii mil the right of search with a view to secure the |}u detection and puirsdimcnt of persons engaged in it. vol The "United States, imp fled by a traditional policy |V to resist the employment, even for ends whielt th s tio government approves,aof an i?istrninent.ility which (|al dear-bought experience has taught her ut capable |ro of being abused to the derogation ol the sovi rignty olr of her tlag, refused to necept the proposition of the Kurop au powers for a mutual rift lit of search, Hut, ft; nut to show less earnestiic?i hi tlie iles.rr to repress p0 n tralliu which, in the eircuiusfancvs that intend it, m is revolting to the humanity of tin-age, our govern- i,n< ment stipulated to tuaiotani an < tVr-ieiit squadron t||, upon the /Vhiean coast, and to cmph y it In the re- ,.f pression ot slave dealing; and b>r many years we am have executed this" engagement, with an cHieieiicy t|? attested by numerous captures, and with a.proven- on live influence which has operated to the"great dis- t|,; eoniageineut and diminution ol the .trade. Hut one etu Nentirneiit prevail* at the North on the.subject of tlie to slave trade, and that sentiment fully attirms the i jH,i policy of the law and the means adopted by (lie | on Federal government tfi enforce its execution. VYe sii) have no hesitation in saying, that if the legalirng to or the slave trade, in opposition to what xtpiow re i s5c .cognised as public law by Till civil /.-d r.nt ons, were ; vo (hade by any ol the Slau* .in The VjotiUdcracy the tio coudi'ion of n conllfitiod voluntary adherence to |t.;1 the Union, there would still prevail the s.mte uei- j |,, form nnd decided oppositou to the retrogressive i action demanded which now exist*; and that, it iy need were, that oppo*ilio7l would lie omliodied in I tin i wai.iiicc m '?? ?il. cluriilv exerted at white*. r j l,ii hazard We' siy tins under n > apprehension that j ml any sczions attempt is oVi r likely to be make to ae- -t r>r eomphuh that ohj.tg. * ; ?j| There i* *t inuoli of gn??d feeling towards Gov. I Adams in the concluding paragraph ot its article. . hat wd mu*t reproduce itt " We knew Gov. Adam* before he env r> 1 upon ] tlie sphere ot public life. The promise of h s yoiidi, j j ^ Ins rare intelligence, large a -.pi ivuv nii, and tin j, manliness and ulevat'on of li - eliaiaeter, command- j, ed the admiration ..I lis .i^K-iat.-s, mid t-nl.stcd their nyinpathies for li s suoeesa; and ore have watched ^ , the rapid pro/reai ot h,s political career, with aim- . j olptUwink thiM h ended interest in Ins personal tii- w-( uiriphs, with cherished cxpeetaiionstii.it ln> matur- ' cd abilities would be devol .1. to tin- promotion ot ^ Ihe prosperity, the stnmliiy, an I tin* glory of a e in- ^ moil eouiitry. We trust, yet, however pre eiit in w'j tlucnecs may operate t swerve him from the pith . t ot n larger patriotism, that time and Miction will . moHTeratc his views, and that lie will come eveiitu- | ^V| ally to nee his own personal honor and the welfare j of his beloved Stale alike involved in the ?Indiiius prosecution <if a policy which seeks, by conciliating ^ mid h teiii >ni/iug the views mid interest* ot t-oinmuutiles spread over the breadth of a con.ineiit, to ^ ( strengthen the nationality and promote the perpetu ity of the Republic," . (f-'x .Tonv C. lJKKCKiNiiinbe?A Kentucky corns- Bto powiunl of iHc New York Journal of Commerce j lt>? w rites to correct some misstatement* with regard ' ' to John C. Rrei'kiurHpr, the Vice President elect, i and gives the following Vmgrapical sketch: ^ "Major Breckinridge's hither, the lato Joseph Cabell Breckinridge. a most eminent citizen of Ken- M" tucky, died ni early age, in 18-J, leaving li s only $> > son, John; an infant not quite throe years old; leav ing several daughters and a young widow, who was > ,.f a daughter ol l)r.Samuel Stauho|H' Smith, of New '-'J Jersey, u grand-daughter of Dr. John Wither- p? l spoon, of Revolutionary memory, and a lineal de- in sccndaut of the great John Knox. tin* Scotch Re- de< former. From the dcntli of his father, .ill hegradu (?< ated at the college ofDanville, Ky., und r theenro iig of his hrother-iu-law. Dr. John C. Young, then mid ofi now President of that college?which he tlid when p(, about seventeen years old?ho was supported by his father's mother. That venerable lady, now \y nearly eiglrty years of ago, was left a widow in ear- as ly lite by the death of that John Breckinridge who was so distinguithi-J a leader of the old Democratic party in the days of Adams and Jefferson, and j has devoted all her subsequent life mid all In r am- j( plo fortune to acts of generosity, and to lu r children , and thoir posterity?having lived to bless four generations of them. . i.(l "As soor as Major Breckinridge quic college li (jlt confine nood tlio study of law with Judge Win. Os- l|H ley; and it was this gentleman who afterwards, as t'_ Governor of Gentucky. gave him the commission of' | Major In ono of the ~? ~j .oKimriiia wiiiuJl ^(i went to Mexioo?an extraordinary mark ut personal 'jconfidence, as was thought at the time, fully justified by the young man's conduct in the army, liefore he was of full age, or about that time, he and , Thomas W. Bullock, E?<|., i? native of Kentucky, |ni and now a lawyer of Lexington, in that State, com , yf me need the practice of law at Burlington, Iowa; whence, after a year or two, both of thcin returned to Kentucky, and Major Breckinridge married a Mim Burch, of Scott comity, (11 lady of moderate *' fortuno anil great excellence,) and nettled in the " county town of that county (Georgetown) in the praotioo of the law. Not long itftci wards he remov j J" ed to Lexington, where, I believe, ho was horn, 1 and whero ho has resided lor ten or twelve years l>r<( Eat. llo was elected twice to tho legislature of' . ontuoky, twioo to Congress, and now Vio? t'resi- I ,nR dent. Hoian lawyer in full practice; uboul 3(? 101 years old; possessed of moderate, perhaps hardly '"v oompetent fortune, considering Ins public position, Un and is the father ol five or s<x young children. This ' I* jmi the ativ.;r;iishe 1 trjt!? .if liie career ot Major 1?,C B. from his birth till this day." *"?! i in l A oarioatore Appeared in the streets of New r York, the other day, representing 'a pin* collin, w ( mads tt the public expense, with the following in- j seription, tlx: Tho ln?t remains of dames Gordon ( r Bennett, who came to an untimely end by tho hitc "Jj explosion in Pennsylvania: Ij, 'Poaoeful bo my silent slumbers, r>nl Horace Gre?dey okwo my eyes; fit i Wo were beat for want of numbers, th? Wake me up when Tremor.t dire' ' oft BlaJonsburg. Aid., wna the sccnsofMother^W' Ext* duel on the 3d instant, between Charles Irving d Air. Begly, of Lynchburg, Va. Mr. Keitt J0|,i . is oh the ground. The nflair was settled arnica- comni f, without a flght? v guch Iu the North Carolina Legislature it has been an(J e ppowl to remove Unleigh to some place where inforti e moon shines. Union Tlio reciprocity tnritT between the United Stntes Lon o d Canada imposes n prohibitory duty on milk, of t ? evade the tax, the Canadians drive their Cotvs wlrich pr the iiuc and milk tliem in tiiis country! fttro. The Boston Post characterizes the lion. Mr. duty i manor's letter to the Hurlingamo banquet, "as speak ol n specimen of arrogant insolence, of pompous tiona, nceit, and dogmatic denunciations as vanity and gnvcri dignity could inspire." called As the services of Col. Titus will soon l>o dis- scan \ used with in Kansas, it is thought that he will tUO a 'air to Nicaragua with 100 volunteers. Stal?s The Car< liniati reports the death, by suicide, in lumbin, oil the 4th instant, of Julius Ballard, of Niton niter. Tl?e same |?apor states that Smith Hoyt, l'10 P louse mover residing in that city, while moving '"'nd liuuse in Sumter, was caught under a falling selecti mncy, nn<l pnrtlyzcd in Iiis lower limbs. ^l'C. ^ The court of I^ouis Napoleon is waging war upon ^ '''^c all bonnets. The present styles are velvet, with . . '' gc brims, called chapeattx de I'allianct. ? , a . . i xr i admin A conspiracy to assassinate lyiuis Napoleon tinsried on the Gth ult,?one of the accomplices hav- 1 l" j revealed the plot. Kixty have been arrested, rh. Washington correspondent of the New York 1 j??iil lies says that Ccn. Cass positively denies that . Buctiaunn has tendered to liim the StnCG L)e tment. ^ sent tl A Lost Partv. ? What has become of ihe Abo- *!1C 1,1 oiiisti.f At tlie {'residential election in 18*14, lives rney, the Abolition candidate, received 60,304 State, e?Kol which nearly half were from New York, <rato |j misylvania and Ohio. At the Presidential decii iu pli'2, .iahn P. llale, the Abohtioti candie, received 1 57,1296 yotcs, ol wliich 6.">,535 were let of m the above mentioned States. At the recent I Itiofl ction, the same States gave Gerrit Smith, the j It is lotition e inli<!ate, only 33*f volts, v;z: N?w York, 1 pijnci' tjj Peiinsi Ivnni.i, k?i; Ohio, 156 Now the ijues . li is. w|uit law become ol the 3(1,00 ' Abolitionists ) tlie above Slates, who voted for lerney iu 1814, ' snuctl' i the 65,(100 who voted i??r Hale hi 185:2. Are I 1 lit *y all tibolinhed except 3441 or what has become , eutlali t!lclll? Sorolv it cannot Im? tlini Il>..?. ..... .. I parcel <>l lilt* lllack Republican |Wirty! and that . V liavo found tinTf a more congehi.il home tlian . . 1 tht ir own soil! lor we aye told by individuals of citizen it party t hut iliey [the individuals] arc eminently whale iscrvntivr; an i it is not rtuy lV?r vinegar an.l nitre or dwell together in uuky. Hut leaving this nice inyioll nt to be settled by the parties in interest, we will . . ly remark, that il tlir Abolition vote nt the Pro- ''IC * '" letHial election. in Ifc.VJ had been added, its itou. have J that ot the leading opjsw tion candidate, lien, nlilo ?>: t would have come wit hi it 50.000 "r Gii.OOU ! CO|lsii tea til an election. Again, if in 1*41 the Abtdi- . .^jj a vnte lia.l b'-en nilded, ns now, to that ol the * aling op|xi? ti<>n enndiilate, Henry Clav would * crsv, ve bet i) fleeted instead tif Polk. Y?t ill 1S5''. its the ichannu is leetfil by nmrv llu.n 5<?t','UK) inajnii- peace, ttver tbe h il ling opposition candidate. ahhuugh s latter received tbe uti it d support of all the alto tinists exeepl a inert hnudtul. ? It ir neee-snry t<> I'tlM5, ,e this into tlic account, before we Can justly up- Organ cl'iilte tbe greatness of the triumph nehieved by K':'l e J)ein?K'i. ts?Journal of Commerce. array "1,1 * tif tin A H.irrU! nr.Twrrv Ciiinksr.?The Stockton 'alfovn i) Ar^us lias t'c toll hi nig aeeotdi , i a 1 . lillese battle : : ' 1 A pitchtsl battle came oflT oh Saturday mottling cttlcill it at the Rack II ver Ranch, in Siaii'slaus cnudty . crate ie llottgk nig Chinese eainc down to the R iek have vt-r R in. h. pitched thett emtio ami eha'.lenge.l ,, i . a \ . tn , COlint rCanton liinesf to a hglR 1 lie challenge was j < jitrd On Saturday m??rn;ng the parties pr.-par s!,^'-ic lor battle; the Hongkong* were being armed trj?c?tt ill war dubs, spears and other Chinese weapons. unlilCi mug which the gong was a prominent feature; t the Canton m n showed same d.gice of civili- . ' ion bv the use of muskets. The imrties met, I 1 n n the Canton men poured a Volley of mii-k. 'ry the Hongkong*, which killed ilicir eh el and two object icrs, when the Hongkdngs ingloriously fled. Tli nl|! j|i lit..11 men exhausted their vengeance upoll the r ...? > . , viik-iiuiii i'v nmint; nnn up in a Ihauxand 'ce*. The whole numtn r cttgngi d in the fight tutioil is seventeen hundred. None of tin* Canton men tho itt re injured. ii was n very unlurtutiale Initio, as ijy no few were killed. About 5,0(H) Americans wit- I ssed the light, as due notice of the battle hud been > ^ ^ > ren, so as to gfve the miners a ehance to witness SI1'11 ? sight. Tin.* officers of the law undertook to j 'c'"' '' p the fight, but they could do nothing. One of oxi>tc *m had his horse shot from under him. The yf thi lineso warriors have nil dispersed. laws It is computed that the production of whiskey in ' Ohio valley reaches 50,000,000 gallons?con* ' ning 12,500,000 bushels corn, and selling for j- ,j .000.000! I ?r J Tub Ubcm.nk or Religion.?A correspondem Teal 1V the New York .1ohiii.iI of Commerce nays: 'here has been n remarkable decline in matters of dotnei igiotis interest for about ten years p.ist, especially ItCtKilt! the Northern States. The last- feature of this them? elinti in the scarcity of faithful ministers eif the Go* tjn<r | I. If any one doubts thin, we can send'lacts and _ n , ures.' We attribute it alyiosl entirely ti|the (act s ."j u large portion of the people and a eoiresponding Willi rtion of the clergy and rofgious presses being cilize sorbed in the ever annoying tlutnoof anti-*laviT) laws e now hope that there is a 'gooj time coming,' r .11 ... the bubble has burst.'' " __ __ ', UO ni '"TltsSuft Tsaob."?Mr. N. 1'. Ranks isnntlor making bis own history as well as facts. In tulopb i "great s|Koclt"'in Wall street, ho invented sta- the |ir i es. Last night he tried his hand on history, jt ]|;IS d informed Inn audience that flic continuance of r ie Have trade" until 1808 was a concession to 8 a L' ; South. Now, the trath'is, tho very reverse is seek n fuel. Rhode Island and Massachusetts voted <1 rcv< have it continued until 1820, as they were direct- awaro interested itl the traffic, while n majority of the i tljt'10u uthcrn Suites voted lor its discontinuance in , . 98. The compromise of 1808 was whotly and M,IW' ' ally a concession to the North. Mr. Rank* inote, aks of such a thing as "pocl'-e justice;" we sup- to the i? the portion of hi- speech lefcrrcd to is a speci- he efl't n of it, for surely, it is entire.y imaginary.? iVeir _,f )rk Day Rank ?\ m m , which Forrtsu.ino Tint Weather.? E. Mcriam, of accon ooklyn, N. Y., who has been called tho "clerk ft 0(1 Ti tno weather," and who for twenty years ha* lation: dc linns*!! n martyr to meterojogy by taking lore'lP vr/y observations of iho thermometer, barometer, w ir. ., thus strips tho "weather-wise" of their gift of ' >phe?y: ? With nil my prnctioeand experience in obscnr- bracit) ;of ntinospheric changes mid recording hour by crfy, i nr and day by day therinomctrical and nietero- )jc ,,rt ical observations, and in eonneclion with simul- * < roua observations made and recorded elsewhere, , ' eel more and inore oonvlneed that it is not in hOitlK pow r r of soy human being (o determine even a tnevit: gle day in advance what changes will hike place ! tricithi dm atmosphere." pcacef Hie New York Courier ?te Enquirer comes out h an article to show that th? 8agar interests nt ' r South are not benefitted by the dutns upon ** J itfrt Sugar, and that Congress -hould tako tlie tho til stion up at an enrly day, ami repenl the tux. plans is is sensible, |n say tire least of it This is tho .,.lT0 j y act of special legislation intended for the bene- ' .. if the South, sn<) as u departure therefore from C,VI' w t wiser pofioy which eonaiders only the inter* at a j ?r to ho North. I of mo act from the PresidTilt's Message, tkl i Constitution requires that tiio Fresi- "n 'hall, from timo to lime, not only roend to the consideration of Congress e<. measures as lie may judge necessary xpodient, but also that he shall give ! " intion to them of llie state of the i. To do this fully involves exjxv-i- ' f all matters in the actual condition j ( ho country, domestic or foreign, 1 essentially concern the general welWhile performing his constitutional . in this respect, the President does not '!'T merely to express personal convic l!'' but as the executive minister, of the ' 11 nmcnt, enabled by hi* position, and r-v upon by Iith official obligations, to 11,1 vith an impartial eye the interests of ,:lc hole, and of every part of the United * * * " * * jec the brief interval between the tcrminof the last and the commencement of ,ls resent session of Congress, the public rcl has been occupied with tiio care of H<-l tig, for another constitutional term, ll'1 'resident and Vice President of the I 1 d States. ! RO< i determination of persons, who are J ?ln lit, or contingently, to preside over the j 'V listration of lite government, is, under ,'x ftem, committed to the States and the ' ;. Wo appeal to them, by their voice j T' uticed in the forms of law, to call soever they will to the high post of j " Magistrate. d thus it is that as the senators repro- j lie respective States of the Union, and embers of the House of Uepresenta- \ the several constituencies of each j(> so the President represents the aggre- , . onulntion of the United Stales. Their ?( ui of him is the explicit and solemn s.'? the solo sovereign authoiilv of the 1,1 : t i impossible to misapprehend the great ro pies, which, by their recent political u j1 , the people <?f the United Slates have vv 1 oned and announced. >y have asserted the constitutional tv of each and all of the States of the i as State*; they have atliuned die con- i Mh uual equality of eaeb aim all of the co' is of tho United States an citizens, I p:,< ver their religion, wlieiever their l> rtit > 111 ir residence; tliev have maintained the I xv 1 ability of the constitutional lights of i tie rent sections of the Union; and they rt~ >roeIaim?:d thcir-devoted and unaltcraltachinenl to the Union and to the ; lution, as oInjects of interest snpciior j subjects of local or sectional contro- ^r" as the safeguard of the lights of all. ' spit it and 'lie essence of the libeity, " and greatness of the Uopubijc. doing this, they have, at the same emphatically condemned the idea of ~ izingin these United States mere geo- ' " ical paitics; of marshalling in hostile 1,1 towards each other the diltcrejil parts ! country, Noith or South, U.rst oi ' " \\ i icmes of this nature, fraught with in ;V able mischief, and jv hicll the considsense of the people has rejected, could i had countenance in no part of the * IV, had they Hot been disguise 1 by. sti'.us plausible in appearance, acting ' an excited state of the ptibiic mini, ~'r I by causes temporary in their charand it is be hoped transient in their nee. feet libeity of association for politic 1 ' s, ami die wildest scope of discussion, k in ieceivod uud oulinary conditions \| vcmlitem in our oountrv. Our iusti- 'V> trained in the spmt of confidence in 111 tolligeiice and integrity of the people, t forbid ciliiiMis, cither individually or a ted together, 10 attack by writing, i, or any other methods short of p'tv> jrce, llio Constitution ami the very ' nee of the Union. Under the sholwn 1' * great liberty, and protected by the and usages of the government they u associations have been formed, in VM of the States, of individuals, who, preig to seek only to prevent the spread 1 a institution of slavery into the pre-en I l" uro inchoate States of the Union, are !e' inflamed with desire to change the " >tic institutions of existing States. To :ic iplish their objects, they dedicate elves to tho odious ta-k of depreciaho government organization which s in their way, and of calumniating, 1 indiscriminate invective, not only the " 1 ns of parffrular Stales, with whose, l: they find fault, but all others of their v citizens throughout the country who ' . >t participate with them in their as- ' 1 upon the Constitution, framed and ed by our fathers, and claiming for , ivtleges it ha?secured, and theblessings !;.v conferred, the steady support and ' 1 ill reverence of their children. Tliey !? hi object which ihoy well know t?? ho " olutionary one. They are perfectly ' 1 that tho change in the relative eon- T1 of the white and black races in the ! ohliug States, which they would pro- -v is beyond their lawful authority; that ru it is a foreign object; that it cannot c,t jcted by any peaceful instrumentality eirs; that for them, and the States of t,M thoy are citizens, tho only path to its f" Iplisluncnl is through hurtling cities, waged fields, and slaughtered pwpu- -sts, and all there is most ti :'!?.. in l'" r., complicated with eivil and rr:'e "a and that the first step in the i nipt lei forcible disruption of a country em- ?f g is its broad bosom a degree of lib- as mil an amount of individual and pub- ' < >sj>erity, to which there is no pniallel u" itory, and substituting in its place ?f i governments, driven at onco and ,,,( ?b!y into ii.utual devastation and fra l'r< il carnage, transforming tho now ul and felicitous brotherhood into a ermanent camp of armed mon, like ,u' ral monarchies of Europe and Asia. ,ai knowing that such, and such only, aro "* ' leans and the consequence* of their l>\ and purposes, they endeavor to pro dit he people of tho United States for 'ar by doing everything in their pow- 8lr leprivfl"lhe Constitution and the laws 'n iral authority, and to underline the <ric of the Union by appeals to past! d sectional prejudices, by iudoctrinali people with reciprocal haired, and ucating ill cm to stand fact} to face as cm cs, rather than shoulder to shoulder jnds. It is by tho agency of such unwnrmn i interference, foreign and dotnostie, tl i minds of many, otherwise good citize vo been so inflamed into the passion; idcmnation of the domestic institute tho southern States, as at length to pi ensibly to almost equally passionate In ty towards their fellow citizens of the ites, and tlfus finally to fall into tempo fellowship with tho avowed and acli pniies of tho constitution. Ardently i lied to liberty in tho abstract, llioy l stop to consider practically how the ? Ls they would attain can be accompli* , nor to rolled that, even if the evil w< great as they deem it, they have nedy to apply, and that it can be or gravated by* their violence and uncotn ioual action. A question, which is o the most difiicult of all the pioblcius :ial institution, political economy a tcstnanship, thev treat with unreasot i: cinperance of thought and languq Ironies beget extremes. Violent alia tn tho North finds its inevitable con encc in the growth of a spirit of ang liatice at theSoutti. Thus in the progn events wo had reached that consult 11 n, which the voice of the people has n< pointedly rebuked, of the attempt o! rtion of the States, by a sectional orgai ion and movement, to usurp the conti the government of the United Stales. 1 conii IontIv believe that the great l?o those who inconsiderately took this fa p are sincerely attached to the Constit n and the Union. They would, up ill.- : -- I - : ' "* iii iTiuioii. MiruiK wnn unailected lion hi any conscious act of disunion or ? i r. lint tliey have entered into a pa licit leads nowhere, unless it he to ei r and" disunion, and which has no o I sdble outlet. They have procoo led ill in that direction in consequence of t :ees-ive stages ?.?f their progress havi l-isted of a aeries of secondary issu :li of which professed to be confined wi constitutional ami peaceful limits, I licit attempted indirectly what few in re willing to do directly, thai is, to i grcssiyqly against the constilutioi ;lits of neatly one-half of the thirty c ites. In tiic long seiie.s of acts of indirect i fssion, the tirst was the strenuous agi n, by citi/.ens of the noilhcui St iles, ingress an 1 out of it, of the question .mo ciiiai eipatioit in the southern S'.al 1 lie second step in thi> path of evil c< ted of acts of the people of the northi ites, and m several ii stances of their g iiiients, aimed to facilitate the escape rsons he! 1 to service in the Soctlu ites, and to prevent their extra li'.i len reclaimed according to luv and ;no of express pio\ i-inti* of the C<m ;i 11. To piomote this object, legislat actuicuts and other mea* s woio adop lake away or defeat rights which t institution > d< inuly guaianticd. In r to nullify the then existing act of 0< ess conceiiiing the extradition of fugili mi service, laws were enacted in in a ates, forhidd ng their officer*, under I rerc>t p?-an.llc?, to participate in tiio e tion ol any act ol I'oncress whatever. i* way thai s\~'.ciu til' harmonious oo-o lion between the authorities of the Uui rites au! i t the several Slates lor aintenanco ?'f their common in-lituti?i lieli existed in the early years <>f the I iblic, was destroyed; coullicls of jurist ti came to bo ucpient; and Cotigr ind itself e >ttip!!ed, for ihe support e Constitution, and the vindication of AVer, to author:/. the appointment of ii lieers charged with the execution of ts, as if i hey nud tho oflieers of the Si: bro the minister#, respectively, of fore ivernments in a state of mutual lio?ti!i liter limn leli >w magistrates of a count unity, pea efullv subsisting under tho j ction i f one wcil constituted Union. TI re, a h o, aggression was followed l>y tion; au 1 the alia ks upon tho Cunsti >ti at lids point did hut servo to raise vv harriers for its defence and security The third Mage of this unhappy ?ectiu ntroversy was in connexion with the nizatiuii of territorial governments i e admission of new States into the Uni lien it was prop -ed to admit the Sta'r line, hy separation < f territory from t M issaehuselts, and liu:-Stato of Misso lined of a portion uf the territory oe< 1-ranee to the United States, represet 'es irt Congress ohjected lo the admiss the latter, unless villi conditions *ui pailic liar xiewsif public po.icy. J iposition of su !i a comlilion was succ< llv resisted. I hit, at tho same period. osti-.n w;n presented of imposing lest >ns upon t'it residue of the territory ccfranco. riiat <pie>lioii \va?, lor tho til -posed ofhy the adoption of a geograj I line of limitation. In this connexion it should not ho fort; i that France, of her own accord, resolv r considerations of tho most far sigh jacitv, to Ci-do Louisiana to the I'ni des, and that accession was accepted J I uited Stfltes. the latter expressly giug that "tho inhabitants of the roi rilorv shall he incorporated in the In tho United States, and admitted as s< possible, according to tho principle of d> ral i i nstitution, i > the enjoyment tho lights, advantages, and immnui citizens of tho United States; and in 'Hiilime they shall ho maintained ; Diedcd in tho free enjoyment of tl crty, property, and tho religion wh "V profess"?that is to say, whiio it tins in ;t territorial condition, its inhi its are maintained and protecto<l in o enjoyment of their liberty and prop with a right then to pass into tho c ion of Staies. The enactment, which estaUished the ictivo geographical hue, was acuities, rather than approved hv the Slate# ? Union. It itood on the rta'.ute l?o on | however, for a number of years; and tl>e| ?? "g ! p^oplo of the respective States acquiesced in i go by | the re-ehactincnt of the principle as applied I tie ie- to the State of Texas: and it was proposed ! as to acquiesce in its further application t?? the w* territory Required by the United States from coi ta- Mexico. But litis proposition was success- ob at fully resisted by the representatives from eoi ms, the Northern States, who, regardless of the tut ite stntnto line, insisted upon applying restric- fit n? lion to the new territory generally, whether ?1 v*s iying north orsonth of it, thereby repealing tin as- it as a legislative compromise, and. on the -!" ?se part of the North, persistently violating the Sti ra- .compact, if compact tiiero was. coi ve Thereupon this enactment ceased to have lel at- binding virtue in ahy sense, whether as -M do respects the North o' the South: and so in to il? effect it was treated on the occasion of the "e -h- admission of the State of California, and lln :rc : the organization of the Territories of New to no j Mexico, Utah and Washington. ily , Such was the state of this question, when |>e ?ti- the time arrived for the organization of the dii ne Territories of Kansas and Nebraska. In a of the progress of constitutional inquiry and ha mi reflection, it had now at length come to be tin rig -een clearly that Congress does not possess fa< re. constitutional power to impose restrictions rel ck of this character upon any present or future en se j State of the Union. In a long series of de- inj ry j cisions, on the fullest argument, rud after St: ss the most deliberate consideration, the Sula preme Court of the United States had final- gi? >w , ly determined this point, in every form tin- lef fa <ler which the question could ariso, whether wi ni- as affecting public or private rights?in , shi rol questions of tho public domain, of religion, : wl ] of navigation, and of servitude. | far dy ! The several States of the Union arc, by ; of tal fotco of the Constitution, co-equal in do- | m u- mo>tic legislative power. Congress cannot I is on change a law of domestic relation in tho , p? or State of Maine; no more can it in the State ( N< \il <>f Missouri. Any statute which proposes j foi th. to do this is a mere nullity; it takes away ( in vil t no right, it confer* n> ne. If it remains on ? of ler the statute book unrepealed, it remain!- cu us there only as a tnouumeut of error, and a su he beacon oi warning to tho legislator and the ! ni ng statesman. To repeal it will be only to re- ( pi es, move imperfection from the statutes, with- j ul in- "in Mleetiiig, either in the 11-~ of permit ; nit sioii or of prohibition, the action of the ; en en States or of their citizen.*. _ , ; co net Still, wlieu the nominal restriction of this j av ihI nature, already a dead letter in taw, was in in me terms repealed by the last .Congress, in a in ciauso of the net organizing the Territories >s ig- of Kansas and Nebraska, that repeal was A la- made the occasion of a wide spread and I in in dangerous agitation. to of It was alleged that the original onact- ju .os. merit being a compact of perpetual mora! In ill- ! obligation, its repca! constituted an odious j p. mii breach of faith. j if ov- An act of Congress, while ittemains un- sj of repealed, more especially if it be constitu- ni in lioiially valid in the judgment of those pub- n< ion lie fundi >narie-> whose duty it is to pro- j in notiiH'e on that point, is undoubtedly bind- ! te in- ing on tlio conscience oY each good citizen ; ce ive ; of too U public. But in what sense can it I so led be asserted that the enactment in question 1 of die was invested with perpetuity and entitled m or- to the respect of a solemn compact! Be tr hi- twecu whom was the compact? No distinct g< v?*s contending powois of the government, no I my separate sections of the I'nion, treating as 0f the su di, enter.* I into treaty stipulations on the J p \e- subject. It was a mere clause of an act of t|. In < 'tingles*, and like any other controverted m p.- matter of l<-gi -la'.ion, received ilsfinal shape St ted and was passed bv compromise of the con- n| the fueling opinions or sonlinieiits of the mem c, 11-. ber? of t .'ongross. But if it had moral nu- p, lie- ti tity over men's consciences, to whom t| iic- did this authority attach? Not to those of p, .*-- tlie North, who had repeatedly refused to n( of confirm it by extension, nnd who had zeal- ' u it* oiisly Ktiivcii to establisli other and incoin- |l( iew putible regulations upon the subject. And Q, its if, as it thus appear*, the supposed compact nj ites had no obligatory force as to the North, of 0| igi course it could not have had any as to the u! ity, South, for all such compacts must be mulu- ji id.. 1 ..1 .....i : -? -* .V,.. .>> .>1111 ui Iitijirwni QUIlJ{aUOn. ; Jj'i no- It has n?t unfre jneiit!y happeno 1 that H. iiu> lawgivers, with tit <1 no estimation of the w re value of the law they give, or in the view |j 11it of imparting to it peculiar strength, make up it perpetual in terms; hut they cannot thus 0| hind the conscience, the judgment, and the Cl nal I will of those who may succeed them, in p or vested with similar responsibilities, and t)| uul clothed with e.jual authority. More care- w oil. fill investigation may prove tho law to be (( < of unsound in principle. Experience may |j hat show it to ho imperfect in detail and iui- u mi. practicable in execution. And then both j, led reason an i right combine not merely to ita justify, but to require its repeal. >; The Constitution, supreme as it is over u all the departments of the g rernuient, Ine legislative, executive, and judicial, is open li to amendment by its veiy terms; and Con- tr tl.o grc^s, or lho Stales, may, in their discretion, b< ,,c' prop n(? amendment to it, solemn compact p . though it in truth is between the sovereign n''' States of the Union. In the nresent in (> ,1,i -dance, n political enactment, which had if ceased to have legal power or authority of m ;ot- any kind, was repealed. The position as v o?l, Mimed, that Congress had no moral right rr ted to enact such repeal, was strange enough, in led and singularly so in view of the fact that w by the argument came from those who openly In en- I refused obedieucc to evsting laws of the ii led land, having the same popular designation rr ion and quality ns compromise acts; nav more, w >n who nniqui vocal I v disregarded and con* | ol lIio deinned tlio most positive and obligatory e< L of injunctions of tho Constitution itself, and tr lies sought, l?v overy moans within their reach, si tho j to deprive a portion of their fellow citizens, ol md of tlie equal enjoy men t of those rights and c< leir privileges guarantied alike to all by the vi ich fundamental comtmcl of our Union, ro- This argument against tho repeal of the <h ibi- | statute lino in question was accompanied hi the by another of congenial character, and oi >er? equally with the former destitute of f'ounda- it on- tiou in reason and truth. It was imputed A | 'lint tho moasure originated in the concep- . si ir lion of extending the limits of slave labor b< Ced , beyond thsrso previously assigned to it. and ' it of; that such was it* natural as well as intend-| I< I Cef t, and there barele** nss r-.ptions *1 - - >ro made, in tlie Northern Stales tl Mind of unceasing assault upon comttit mil right. The repeal In terms of a statute, wtiii is already obsolete, and also null for u nstilulionality, could have no influence struct or to promote tlie propagation liflicliug views of political or social ins Lion. \Vlien the act organising tlio 'I\ ories of Kansas ami Nebraska was p:?> , tlie inherent effect upon that portion 8 public d put ami thus opened" to le^al si rnent was to admit settlers from all tl ate* of the Union alike, each with ti mictions of public policy and piivate i est, there to found in their discretio ect to such limitations as the Comtit >:i and acts of Congress might prcscril v Slates, hereafter to be admitted in a Union, it was a fieo field, open alii all, whether the statute line of assu.nt iliiclion were repealed or not. That r al did not open to free competition of (I ?erso opinions and domestic institmio field, which, without such repeal, trou vo been closed against them; it foul at field of competition already opened, :t and in law. All the repeal did was ieve the slnLute book of an objcctional actment, unconstitutional in cfl'ecl, hi lurious in terras to a large portion of tl ate*. Is it the fact, that, in all the unsettled i 8tis of the United Slates, if emigration t freo to act in this respect for itsc thout legal prohibitions on oilher si?J ivo labor will spontaneously go eve rero, in preference to free labor? Is it l :t, that the peculiar domestic inslilulio the Southern States possess relatively uch of vigor, that, wheresoever au aven lrceiy open to all tlio world, tlrey w netrale to tlio exclusion of those of il urthcrn States? Is it the fact, that t rnier enjoy, compared with the latter, su e.-islibly superior vitality, indepcttden climate, soil, and all ether accidentalc instance*, as to be able to produce t 11 pose I result, in rpito of the as* urn oral and natural obstacles to its accoi ish meats, and of the more numerous pc at ion of the Northern States!' The argument of those, ?!lo advocate I lactmont of new laws of restriction, a ndemn the repeal of old ones, in etT< ers that their particular views of govet ent have iio self-extending or self systa g power of their own, and wilfgo lieie unless forced hy act of Congee nd if Congress do but pause for a raouit the policy of stern coercion; if it venu try the experiment of leaving men !ge for themselves what institutions** st suit thenr; if il he not strained up - rpelual legislative exertion on thi* poi Congress proceed thus to act in lire v* liril of libeity, it is at once charged w ruing to extend slave labor into all I ivv Territories of the United Stales. Of course, theso itnputatiotis on the ntions ot Congress itt this respect, c< ived as they were irt prejudice, and <\ tninated iu passion, are utterly destiti ' >ny justification in the nature of thin id contrary to all the fundamental d ines and principles of civil liberty and s< jvernrncnt. While, therefore, in general, the peo] the Northern States have never, at a me, arrogated for the federal governm< io power to interfere directly with the* estic condition of |>ersons in tiro South* Late*. but on the contrary have disavow I -- ? ? - i ?ucii imenuons. nn?i nnvt slirunK tr< >n?picuout? affiliation with those few w ursuo their fanatical objects avowei trough the contemplated mentis of revc nnary change of the government, and w vrcptunce of the necessary consequence' civil an 1 servile war?yet many citi* rive sneered themselves to he drawn ii no evanescent political issue of agital ptor another, appertaining to the same r opinions, and which subsided as rapii t lliey arose when it came to be seen, uniformly did, that they were incompi le with the compacts *?f the Conslilu.'i ad the existence of the Union, lit h?*n the acts of some of the Slates to n fy the existing extradition law im|?oi j>on Congress the duty of passu g a n no, the o 'nntiv wa* invited by agitator* tier into party organization for iis t?q>< tit tliat agitation speedily ceased by !? ? r the impracticability of its object." hen the statute restriction upon the in iltons of now States, by a geographi ne, had been repealed, tlie country * rged to demand its restoration, and roject nUo died almost with it* hit hen followed the cry of alarm from ortli against imputed southern encroa lent#; which cry sprang in reality from >iiit of revolutionaiy attack ? n the <h?ir c institutions of the South, and, afioi on bled existence of a few months, m i 1 l?t* !? -? ?? >-f eople. ' >f this lft*t aggitalion, one bun en'.a nture w;k, i!iat it was carried on at i i)mediate expense of il?o peace ami huj ess of the people of the Territory of K is. That was made the battle field, not inch of opposing factions or interests w i its.-lf, a* <?f the conflicting pasiionsof i hole peoplo of tho United Stales, lie itionary disorder in Kansas ha I its orij i projects of intervention, deliberately inged by certain members of thatCougi Inch enacted the law for tho organizat f the Territory. And when propagam denization of Kansaa had thus been nor! iken in one section of tbe Union, for rstematio promotion of iu peculiar vn f policy, there ensued, as a matter inrse, a counter action with oppo< lews, in other sections of the Union. In consequence of these and other it enU, many acts of disorjer, it is tindct le, have been perpetrater! in Kansas, to N?asional interruption,rather than the f innenl suspension, of regular govornint ggiessivo and most reprehensible ln< oris into tho Teriitory were nnderlak oth in the North and Smith, and ente on ita northern border by tire wav >wa, as well aa on the eastern by way f'-scuri. a?r| t .-re h?s ex;*'v w'tltin : tie statu of insurrection against the ro list i lull te?j authorities, not without countenance from inconsiderate persons in each of' the l'L great sections of the Union. But the difficuUies in that Teniinry have been extravnto ganlly exaggerated for purposes of political ot agitation elsewhere. Thenumbor and gravti* ity ot the acts of violence have been magir nifietl parily by statement* entirely utitiue. >? and partly by reiterated accounts of the of same rumors of facts. Thus the Territory rt- has been seemingly filled with extreme vioje lence. when the whole amount of such acta lis has not been greater than what occasional-* n- lv passes before us in single cities to tlio n, regret of all good citizens, but without being n regnrded as of general or permanent pontile, cal consequence. to , imputed irregularities in the elections ke had in Kansas, like occasional irregularities ed ' of the same description in the States, e were bovond the sphere of action lite Exlie ecu'.ive. But incidents of actual violence n* | tr of organized obstruction of law, pertinald cioin-ly renewed from time to time, liave id been met as they occurred, by such means in as were available and as the circumstances to required; and nothing of this character >le now remains to affect the gene-al peace of id the Union. The attempt of a part of the je inhabitants of tho Territory to erect a revolutionary government, though sedulously e- { encourged and supplied with peenniaYy aid bo from active agents of disorder in some of 'If, the States, line completely failed. Bodies of le, armed men, foreign to the Terrilo~y, have iy been prevented from entering or compelled t lie to leave it. Predatory bands, engaged in ns acts of rapine, under cover of the existing so ' political disturbance?, have been arrested uc or dispersed. And every well disposed ill person is now enabled onefe more to devote lio i.;,???,if ? - --- | ........... ... j/v-.n_v> i<; me ["itaiins oi prosperlie | ous industry, for the prosecution of which ch lie undeitook to participate in the settlece i incut of the Territory. ir- It affords me unmingled satisfaction thus he i to announce the peaceful condition of ed ; things in Kansa*, especially considering in- the means to which it was' necessary to >p ; have recourse for the attainment of the end, namely, the employment of a portion of he , the military force of the United States, nd Tho withdrawal of that force from its propict or duty of defending the country against n- foreign foes or the savages of the frontier, tn- to employ it for the suppression of Uomeslio no insurrection, is, when the exigency occurs, m?. a matter of the most earnest solicitude. On Mil this occasion of imperative necessity it lias ire been done with the last results, and tny to ; satisfaction in the attainment of such refill | suits by such means is greatly enhanced by to j the consideration, that, through the wisdom nt;! and energy of the prcsont Executive of ery Kansa?, and the prudence, firmness and iih j vigilance of the military otlicers on duty die there, (ranquiiillj has l>oen restored, without one drop of hlood having been shed in its in- accomplishment, by the forces of the United )ti- i States. . . # # tt V*lis | The restoration of comparative tranquillize ty in that Territory furnishes the means of g\ i observing calmly, and appreciating at their oc just value, the events which have occurred If- ! there, and the discussions of which live government of the Territory has been the phi ! subject. itv | perceive that controversy concerning mu ; i,H future domestic institutions was inevita(.> hie; that no human prudence, no form of jrn legislation, no wisdom 011 the pait of Coned gri*s,? could have prevented this, oni It is idle to suppose that, the particular ho provisions of their organic law wore the IIv cause of agitation. Those provisions were i]u- but the occasion, rtr the pretext of an agitaiih tioii, which was inherent in the nature of 1? things. Congress legislated upon tho subcms ject in such terms r.s were niost consonant nto with the principle of popular sovereignty ion which underlies our government. Tt could sot not have legislated otherwise without doing Hy violence to nnotlur great principle of our us institutions, the imnnarriuiilils ri<?l?r nt ? j - I "b"' "* *ti- quality of the several States, on We perceive, also, that sectional interests us, and parly parsions have been the great u! impediment to the salutary operation of -e 1 the organic principle* adopted, and the cw chief cau>e <>f tire successive disturbances in i to Kansas. The tissninplion that, beeanse in al; the organization of the Territories ot Nei.in to ask a and Kansas, Congress abstained from So, imposing restraints upon them to .which vti- certain other Territories had been subject, cal therefore disorders occurred in the latter vus Territory, is emphatically contradicted by hat the fact that none havo occurred in the forth. urer. Those disorders were not the consetho ?|ii'?nec, in Kansas, ?>f the freedom of selfeh government conceded to that Territory by the Congress, but of unju?t interference on the let part of persons not inhabitants of the Terr a rilorv. Such interference, w herever it has Ita* exhibited itself, by act* of i .surteolionary lie character, or of obstruction to processes of law. has been repelled or suppressed, by all ble the, means which the Constitution* and the lh- laws p ace in the hands of the Executive. 'lM* In those parts of the United States where. kn" by reason of tho infl irued slate of the pub1 * ' lie mind, falsu rumors nud misrepresentall'' lions havo the greatest currency, it has !>een ns>nrned that it was the duty of the Exv*? cculive not only to suppress insurrectionary i,n m >veineiif* in Kansas, but also to ?* ? to Mr" the regularity of local elections. It needs rw' little argument to show that the President '?n has no such power. All government in ''sl tho United States rests bubstanUally upon iioiiii' At *.'....-I>..ti Til? - h J ...... . ?IVV v >VIK J. HQ IICTVIVHI *' CIWX.WHMI3 l'ie ;a Indde to l>? impaired l?y the Intrusion of ;w* unlawful voir*, or the exclusion of lawful ones, by improper inflireoces l?y v io'ence or 51'ti by frau?l. Hut the people of the United States are litems*!?** the all joiflicieiit guardinn* of their own rights, and to suppose that "?v . they will not remedy, in due season, any the Ml0j, incidents ol civil freedom, i* to suppose them to havo ceased to be capable of self- . tot. j government. The President of the United :ar"; States has not* the power to interpose in n? elections, to see to their freedom, to canvaaa ' d their rote*, t.i to pas* upon their legality ?\ in the Territories any more thau in lb? of; States. If he had such power the govern* roent might be republican in form, but it