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~ r ~ A--- - y IV I Til 4 EnteredAprU 28, 19os at Pickens, a. a.) .*s S0Od-Class Matter, Under Act of Oongress of March3, 1879. VOL. XXXVIII.. PICKEN, S. Q. TRURSDAY, OCTOBER I5, 1908 NO, 28 SOUTHCAROLuf flews of Interest Gleaned lroi Arranged for Stato Pardon Board. Columbia, Special.-The Board of Pardons, consisting of Messrs. R. Mays Cleveland, of Greenville, C. W. Savage, of Colleton, and W. A. Clark, -of Columbia, met last week to consid -er the petitions for pardon referred to the board by the governor. There were only four such petitions refer red, as the governor has icted on imostof the petitions presented within -the last three months, since the last -meeting of the board. The petitions referred are the following: Lawrence Hampton, convicted of 'murder in Greenwood. and sentenced to be hanged. Governor Ansel grant -ed a respite until the 16th of this month, and it will be recalled that the governor's secretary, Mr. Bethea. -went to Greenwood during the flood, at much inconvenience and with great difficulty ,to get the respite' there in time and prevent the hanging. Gary Renew, Aiken County, petit lareeny, sentenced to five years in the Reformatory. Thos. 'Wells,. Laurens, manslaugh -er, three years, from January, 1906.1 Robert Gunnells, Greenville, rape, sentenced to eleven years in Septem ber, 1903. The .case of Gunnells has been before the governor and pardon board before, having been referred to the board by Governor Heyward first, in September, 1906, and refused by -the board the following January, and again in September ,1907. Gunnels, a young white Alan of excellent fam ily, served in tie Philippines, and was said to be mentally unhinged by his life there. Returning to his old home in'OGreerville ~ie committed an atro eious crime. His mother has been un tiring in her efforts to secure a par d was here to press the before the board. The recommendations of the boanrd of pardons is not binding on the gov ernor, and he is not under the law compelled to refer any case to the board. the pardoning power being vested in the governor solely under -the law. Aetna Mill Unsold. Union, Special.-The Aetna Cotton 'Mill was advertised to be sold iast Wednesday by the trustee in bank raptcy, but the sale did not take place. There were several prospective pur -chasers, some of whom had deposited the required certified check, but the upse't price of $250,000, seems to have 'been larger than any one wanted to bid as no one offered to pay it. The, -sale was therefore called off. and the property, which cost $450,000 and is in -good condlition, will be -again of -fered for sale about the middle of No vember at a lower figare. Verdict Against Souithern. Spartanburg, Special.-In the suit -against the Southern Railwvay for -damages in the sum of $50,000 brought by J1. M. Turhvfill, adminis trhater of the estate of Miss B. Hand, the young school teacher who wans 'killed at Duncan last November while -e. rossing the railway tracks, the jury returned a verdict $5,000 dollars. Miss ) R~ and wvas on her way to visit sick friends, and while crossing the tracks was struck by No. 37, which was run 'ning iseveral hours late. The yobiu ladly was a sister of Prof. Hand, of' .&outh Carolina University. Spartanbuirg May Get Orphanage. Spartanburg, Special.-The comn -mittee having in charge the matter of -selecting a location for the Episcopal Ophanage will visit Spartaniburg in the near future to further denuider the advisability of selecting Spardan 'burg. Well known~eitizens here b~ee agreed :to -giva Bf~tjt eres of a ' lieisnudefordlodl 4ANEWS ITEMS n All Sections of the State and Busy Readers Looks Like Infanticide. Lexington, Special--What seems to t be a clear case of infanticide came r to light a few days ago, when the .1 body of an infant was found near a a branch in the upper part of town. a The discovery was made y a negro woman, who was attracted to the A scene by the terrible odor. The child ei was wrapped in ootton, and had evi- n dently been born a week, as the arms was almost ready to drop off at the ! shoulders from decomposition. Those i who saw it, say that it was impossible C to discern whether the child died from natural causes or whether it was killed by the heartless parent and car ried to the swamp with the hope of covering up the crime. The supposi- B tion is that the party who placed it where it was found intended throw ing it into the water, so that the dis- tj covery would never be made. It has y caused a great deal of talk among the I negroes, but they are very cautious y how they speak. It is said that the child had been moved since it was a, found as it could not be found later. There has been no official 'action tpk- ir en in the case, but it is one that a] should be investigated, and it is very ri likely that Coroner Clerk will look in- p to the situation immediately. u -.n School Information Wanted,. Y Superintendent of Education Mar- e tin has requested the county superin- b tendents of education to send him a A brief description of school conditions f in their respective counties, .and also \ an outline of the greatest needs of e the schools, as they may appe-ar to b the county superintendents. Mr. Mar- i t.i proposes to incorporate these -fi'- b tieles in his last annual report, which t] will be the fortieth annual report of " the department of education. le be- r lieves that this collection of short ar- " ticles in addition to the statistical re- 0 ports from the county supe'intendents c will be beneficial, not only to the leg- C islature, but also to the future stu dents of our educational development. Covers the Field. it t A a purveyor of reliable news The Calumbia State is easily in a 1 class by itself. With unsurpassed b facilities for gathep-ing the world's - happenings, added to its own staff of i reliable and energetic special corres pondents, both State and general events are recorded with a degree of exactness and detail that cannot be surpassed. In this campaign year when things are constantly happening r to keep the public interest at concert pitch'it is hardly to be conceived how alyone who desires to he well in formed and who lives within reach of this fine' daily can afford to be Without it. General Cotton Market. t These figur-es represent prices paid ~ for- spot middling at different points: Char'lotte.. . .- . ... ... . 1-2 1 Columibia...-...-.-.....-.....81-2 Galveston....-.......-..-..-... New Orleans.... ......... ...3-4.. Mobile.. . . .. . . 3...60 Savannah......-...-..--.....--A.60o Char-leston......-..-....-......3..2 Wilmington...... ...... ....83-4 Nirfolk......-..-.-..-.-.....87-S Baltimore..... ..............9 New Yor-k.....-...-...-.......-10 Boston......-..-.-.-..-...-....10 - Charlotte Produce. Bkeon......-......-....-....111-2 Egard .. ..................2 Butter.... ......... .......15 to30O Wright to speak in Eichmond. Wiashiingt on, Special. - Sccretary Wrijht has receivedl invitations from, Norfolk and Lynchburg. Va.,' to speak on behalf of Judge Taft before the close of the campaign but has not decided whether to accept. He willt spealt at Richmond on the 2atb. kn, o H said that he did in kinTeninessee dunP~ WATERWAY ENDORSED Wocnd D of the Great Waterway Confownce Addressed By Colonel * Brya aid Qthers. Chicago, Special.-Addresses by . Villiam J. Bryan and Gifford Pinchot be latter'being chairman of the na ional conservation commission, the C eading of a letter from James J. a i.1, short 'addresses by delegates, e nd a 4*g..reception at the Coliseum c t night"were the features of the sec- n nd day of the convention of thie t akes-to-the-Gulf Deep Waterways c Issociation. Mr. Bryan, who - spoke a irnestly in favor of deep waterways, r ot only frorA the lakes to the gulf t] ut in all other parts of the country, v here increased transportation facil- p ies were needed, was an enthusiasti- n illy received, as was William H. p aft when he opened the convention b ie previous day. p Mr. Bryan's Addrest. V In addressing the convention Mr. * ryan said in part: p "You cannot give the people too e. :od facilities for transportation of ieir mer-handise. If you tell me i on want to improve the Mississippi tell you that is all right, I will help q ou improve it just as far as you lease, and make' the canal as wide a you please and as deep .as . you 0 lease, and when you get to improv- h ig the Mississippi I will start out all P one if necessary to improve every ver that empties into the Mississip- t i. Water transportation is the nat ral transportation. God made 'the 0 vers, man made the railroads. When t] oU finish a river sufficiently deep for ammerce, or a canal upon which t oats can float, you make it possible t or a man with smaill capital to act thile the railroads make it possible t or men, with large ceaptal to- act. 1 Vhere there is a river any man who I an buil a boat can engage in trans- S ortation, And if lie cannot build a t ig boat lie can build a little boat und t P you have a large number of little f oats the big boat will have to meet F ie rate that the little boat fixes. You e 'ill find it much easier to regulate f ites on water than on land because e )mpetition can be.much more active 0 n water than on land. We are an a mporting nation. We send our agri- tl iltural products to foreign markets, nd when our wheat or our cotton Y achcs the London market its price is a xed there by the competition which It meets. -If a bushel of wheat sells g >r a (ollar in London and it takes Ir fty cents to get it from the farm to 0 ondon the farmer gets fifty cents a e ushel for his wheat. If you can so t nprove transportation that the far- 0 icr can get his wheat from his farm il ) Lierpool for twenty-five cents you it ave added twenty-five cents to the ir armers' price for this wheat. It is ti fact that is admitted that the rail- si )ad cannot carry freight as cheaply b s the boat can, and therefore evory a armer is interested in establishing wa- g ,r communication wherever water ci ommunication is possible. p Believer in Waterways. t "I believe in improving the water rays everywhere, no matter whether bese waterways are the rivers that Ib nn down the mountainsides into the II cean and the West or the waterways ri hat converge in the Mississippi vail- IJ >y and carry their floods to the gulf. I~ believe that it is the duty of those a harged with the business of govern ient to (develop these things upon rhich a nationi's prosperity depends. (' ''If the work should be done, and I tl elieve that it should, then you pee- 0 le who believe it should be (lone d hould1( agree upon the best methods u~ y which to do it. But I repeult that t ou must not he frightened heeause a may require an investment. At St. T: jois last fall they resolved that 0 500,000.000 spent in improving the a v'aterways of the Mississippi valley b vould bring an interest in the way q f decreased cost of transportation I' mounting to $180.000,000 a year h .Vhy, my friends, if' it only saved " ~50,000,000 a year it would be teni e >er cent. interest on1 the investment. (1 ''I believe that the pla should be i: ommenced nloW. I holieve that it i hould be a compreheansive plan, that r t should deal with the entire sub- t cet and that it should be a perma- t ient plan; that we should begin now ( o lay the foundation for the future e creatness of this country, in the < lev Z~ment ofa .These natural re-< Olt~,these Gogven water comies OUR. SCHOOLS Ar Pnor. WILLIAM H. HAND, llniversity of South Carolina. Paper Number Five. Inadequate Supervision.-In South arolina there are three units. of ,hool administration-the State, tie yunty, and the school district. "An lucational system is a great busi ess.") In every organized business iere must be machinery; that ma linery must be repaired, adjusted, ad articulated; and some competent !sponsible person must supervise int machinery. A successful supet isor must be a capable man, an ex erienced man, and a courageous ian. He must be reasonably well aid, definitely responsible to some 3dy, and reasonably secure in his Dsition as long as lie is efficient. hat of the supervision of our edu ttional system? What do we ex eet, and what have ;- a right tc cpect? What does the fundamental law of ie State require in the -office of the tate Superintendent I Does it re .ire that lie shall be Au educated an. or a.man of experience in school Tajrs,-br a man who knows anything teaching and of teachers, or a man imself qualifled to teachl He is ex Dcted to direct the educational pol y of a State, and to maintain a sys ,m of school for over three hundred iousand children. What salary is fered to a man big enough to f111 is position? Nineteen hundred dol irs a year. How does this rank with .ie salary offered a man big enough >i run one cotton mill? How does e get the position, and on what does he security of it depend ? What is ikely to be his reward for any dis lay of courage in his office? Every ecend year he is compelled to neglect lift duties of his office for at least wo months and to spend at least Dur hundred dollars to get the op ortunity to speak ten minutes in ich county telling the dear (indif nrent) people that lie should be re lected. Under our present system F electing the State Superintendent, Ad with the two-year tenure of office ic entire educational policy of the tate may be reversed inside one aar. In a recent editorial Th'e News nd Courier pertinently says, "In ,te years the people have shown a rowing improvement inl their esti ate of the place of superintendent i education, choosing as a rule, train I teachers for it,. but iere is no assurance so long as the Tlce is filled by popiular vate thaf. icapable men will not he elected to solely because of their ingratiat ig manner, or as a reward for poli cal service. * The iperintendent of education should 3 appointed by the governor or hv commission, after thorough investi ition and the salary should be sutfi ent to conniand the services (if ex erts, and at the same time remove iem from temptation.' A succession of able State supe-r itendents could not build and main uin a system of high-class schioos iless the county supervision be good. hie wisest policies of a State super Itendlent woul'd avail bit~ little un ss the county superintendenits were le, willing andI courageous entmueh carry these nolicies to siu'cess. In ue matter of administration the >unty superintendency is the~ key to ue situation. What do we require i tile county superint end~ent, w~hat ri we expect. wvhat (10 we get, and hat do we give.?-Do we require that ie county superintendent shall be a expert or experienced educator? lihe required to have any knowledge P schools oir of teaching? Ts there avthing to prohibit an illiterate from olding that offee? Hie is niot re nired to bie com~npetent to tea'i(h, al iouigh by law" he is required to give is teachiers instruct ion in the art nd methods of teaching. Does the nunty demannd that its superinten ent be at least the equnal of the saper itendent in court house town? To be0 erfectly pla iand honest, have we ot had meni elected and re-elected a the office ot' county superintend~ett o supervise t be wh'lole county, who muld not have been eleated to any po ition in the best schools of their ounties? Manyv of them would not saeay to to' h in the best schools of her ueounties. They qgnderstand full vei tat thie publie 44s no~ oxpeei such fitness of them. That is O#I fault, not' theirs. - The publie twind does not think of a county fuppris tendent as a man of edutio perience; tact, arid leadprship inl school matters. It thinks of him as a man who listens to neigOborhood quarrels about district 'lies, i d about the appointment and r6movtal' "1 trustees, and who 'sits in his ofe one day in the week to sign teacher pay warrants. In speaking thus of incompetent. county superintendents, I.have no in tention whatever Pf being personal. I am happy to count among my best friends in the State many of the county superintendents. !funy. -of them are competent and effiiert men, sacrificing themselves oli the altar of an unappreeiative public, for their reward is contemptible. We ask for ty-two qualified men to direct over 6.200 teachers, to act as guardians for 314.000 children, and to keep and to disburse nearly a million and a half dollars; we offer them an average -of $684, an .insult to an efficient man! The city of Greenville has convinced itself 'that it is economy to pay its superintendent $1.800 a year to sup ervise the work of 44 teachers; while Greenville county pays its superiten dent $700 to supervise 275 teachers. Sumter pays its city superintendent $2,400 a year to dir'ect 36 teachers; Sumter county offers its superinten dent $900 to direct about 150 teach ers. It is a source of wonder why we have as many. efAicient county super-. ilendents as we have. All honor to the competent man patriotic enough 'to serve his county on a contemptible salary I But shame upon a people who compel patriotism to crawl in the dust I I know that we have some people who claim that our schools are al ready too much supervised. That de pends entirely uyon what is meant by supervision. If it means the constant. meddling in petty details, or the jealous interference with teachers in matters concerning only themselves, or the insistence upon teachers be coming cheap imitators of a fad fiend superintendent, then perhaps we have too much. But if supervision means the readiness an(d ability to assist the teacher, the .power to in spire her, the fact to prune and re fIne and strengthen her, and the man hood to sustain her (and it usually does), then I dissent vehemently. All over the State we have young men and women who as teachers ought to succeed, but who are failing because' they have no one to advise them and to support them in the crucial nio.. ments of trial. This is especially true in the rural and village schools. Is it any wonder that the young teach ers flock to the towns? The rural schools must have better sipervison. Nearly seventy per cent. of the white school ehildren of this State are in thq rural schools. They are tnfitled to as good and as close supervision as are any other children. Proper supervision Van not be given as long as we multiply the one-teach er schools with fifteen pupils each. and permit- the popular election of supervisors at a salary of $0S4. On a salary of $6R4 what can a county superintI iendenllt (1 toward the real suipervision of' 150 teachers scattererl all ovce' the county, in perhaps 100 school houses? Require that the county superin tendlent b~e an expert educator, let him be appointed by a board and re sponsible to that board, keep him in oflnas long as he is eficeient and n~av him an expert's salary. We shall find the men prepared to (10 the work. Then we shall stop frittering. away the school funua, increase the fund, and wye shalh get results. Soon er of later our penole arc going to c'ome to look at this mati "r some 3yhiat as did lion. .Tohna J. McMahani in. his report for 1900t'. .Russia Getting Her Fleet Ready. St. Peter'Isbuirg, By Cabl.-Fearful that Austraia intiiends to take advan-, tage of the c'ommotion in Servia to dciii the holdest blow of all-annexa tion of Servia-the Czar has ordered the mobilization of thle Black Sea fleet. Russia stifl- insists upon an in ternational conference to completely revise the Berlin treaty, while thq latest word from England is tlp she has not receded froni her a that only existing issuesj ~ be ccnside~L. .