University of South Carolina Libraries
A RETrOSrICT This is the evening of the third day of January in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and one. I find that I am getting to be an old man, my head is frosted over by the snows of many winters, and in glancing backward', over the years which I have lived, I find that my life has been made up with many changes, ups and downs, though I believe more downs than ups. Through it all F.bave tried to keep a cteerful front, and have culled some swcets from every passing flower. To-night I find myself in a tbought ful wood and ft el like indulging myself in an old wan's natural perogative, that of fighting one's battlem over again. Thoughts take we back into the past century in the days of the sixiev, when this lard of ours was torn and bleeding at every pore by devastating war. And in my minds ei e, I am once again the gay cavalier following the standard of "Little," Joe Wheeler. I can hear the bugle's call of "boots ard saddles," the clang of the saber, the rattle (,f the carbine and the sharp command: "Forward." After months of bard servc - in the saddle, I wake up one morn' ngaxd fiad myself in a L.ospital. The sur geon omndemns me, I am no longer fit for active duty, am transferred to post duty, June 1864, "Anderson ville." I am on the "staff" of the commandant of the prison, am kept there eight months During my stay it was my fortune to be an eye wit ness to much of the sufferings and hardships incidental to military prison life. We had at that time not less than twenty-I wo thousand men in con finement; the mortality was great, especily for the months of July, Au gust a6d Septembir, the death rate averaging about one hundred and five per dat, though they did not all die from disesse; -numbers tel! by the hands of their own men. There was an organized gang known as "Raiders," who preyed upon their fellowman for thip purpose of robbery. It was a common event to find in the mornings dead bodies lying on the streets with throats cut. No one knew when his own time would be or when the blow would come. The natural outgrowth of such a condition was a reign of terror. Now, in order that this narrative may be perfectly plain, I had best de scribe the prison itself and its inter. 1 nal arrangements. Thure were about t twenty acres of land surrounded by a tfe foot ditch. Into this ditch was placed split pine logs, twenty feet long, which made a palisade tfteen feet above ground. At intervals, on the top of this wall, were sentrritoops. t On the - Inside, twelve feet from the "" ub the two arge gates and west gate. Outside of was a much smaller one. Now that you understand the sit ua tion, I will proceed. All over the prison the cry was for help. Numer ous petitions were sent out to the commandant. Hie promised all the aid he could give. An officer with a suitable force was se.,t in to make air rests. In about a week's time there were one hundred and sixty suspected uen brought out. These were con fined In the smaller prison and kept there until they could be tried by a military court. This court was com posed entirely of their~ own men, an able be;ly, consisting of a jadge ad. !ocate,. his assistan ts, andl connel for tptl sidles. Thesy were in continuous syting tgto the end.. TIhey did their wior~ most thoroughly and ever-y find ing oft~,is court was executed to tbe failest extent.. Of the one hundred an4~ sixty seventy-four were found guilty in a greater or less degree. The bailance were returne:l to the prison. The condemned were sentenced ; sixty to run the gauntlet, ' eight to wear halls and chains, ihe remaining six to be hanged by the neck until they were dead. I will now relate the manner in which these men received their punish ment, taking them in the order in which they came. First as to the gauntlet. Thbe s reet, cntered by the eastern gate, was qe. lece-l for the run. On both sides of its~ street from one end to :he other was a living wall of men, armed with sticks, or anything they could get their hands on, with which to strike a blow. Everything was naow ready. The word was given, the gate was thrown open and sixty miserable devils were pushed in at the point of the bayonet. Now began a race for life. It was a thrilling moment. Not a single man reached the end of that street, though numbers broke thbrough I the lines and lost themselves in the .rowd. Many were badly beaten. I One poor fellow wa. killed outright with scarcely a whole bone left in him.C The eight who. were condemned to I wear balls anid chains were soon, rigged I up in pairn with a ten-pound ball fastened to each outside ankle, the in side ankle was fastened by a chain to i a sixty pound ball in the center. Tthey '0 were to have been sent horme in that C . condItion. 1 can't say whett-er that b part of their sentence was ever car- a ried out. I know that for weeks they h were going abont fastened up like a C team of mules. The remaining six were give~n a t wz weeks respite to prepare for their h doom. In the meanwhile they were el confined in the stocks with tLeir feet p fastened, lying flat on their backs on a the ground. There was a large scaf- n fold built inside thbe prison, and at the V appointed time these men were hanged . by tue neck until they were dead. ci The hangman, his assistants, the court, re and all who were connected with this RI t~agedy,-were paroied and sent north it with the records so as to make a full re report to their own government. de For this and other alegedatrciie,. the Federal government required a victim. The commandant oi Ander sonville prison was executed Novem ber 11tb, 1865, at the old capitol prison, Washington city, D. C. Old Confed. His Life Was Saved. Mr. J. E. Lilly, a prominent citizen of Hannibal, Mo., lately had a won derful deliverance Trom a frightful death. In telling of it be says: "I was taken witr Typhod Fever, that ran into Pneumonia. My langs be came bardened. I was so weak I couldn't even sit up in bed. Nothing helped me. I expected to soon die of Consumption, when I beard of Dr. King's New Discovery. One bottle gave great relief. 1 continued to use it, and now am well and strong, I can't say too much in its praise " This marvellous medicine ir the surest and qnickest cure in the world for all Throat and Lanr Trouble. Regular sizes 50 cents and $1 00. Trial botr!es free at McMaster Co.'s drug store; every bottle gnaranteed. A CAPTAIN OF INDUSTRY GONE. Death of Philip D, Armour, Chicago's Mul ti-Hillenaire Chicago, January 6.-Philip Dan forth Armrii, philanthropist, finan cier and multi-millionaire, head of the vast commercial ~ establish'nent that bears his name, died at his home, 2 115 Prarie avenu!, at 5.4.5 o'clock this after no o. A muscular affection of the heart was the immediate caise of death. He had been slowly recovering from an attack of pneumonia that for three weeks had thieatened his life. Mr. Armour was surrounded bJ bis family when he died. The millionaire retained consciousness until within an bour of his death. During the day be had realized that leath was near. To those around him ae said: "I know I am very aick and am ready f.r death whe: it come. Soon after luncheon, and just before he phys-cian forlade hie ia'!tirig more, S1r. Armour, in leeb!e tonea, said that ie won d like to l ar ibeL 'rd's Prayer -ead. One of the trained nurs-is, who had )een attending him, drew a chair to be bedside and slowly read from the 3ible tha praper for which the dying nan bad asked. It was read sentence )y sentence, and each was repeated by dr. Armour. When the "Amen" had )een repeated b.y him he sank back on be pillow and closed his eyes reitfully. t was the last word the great financier poke, except feeble farewells to his amily a little later Philip D. Armour, who was in his 9th year, made his own life on lHes inique and wholly original with him elf. From a not overrich Oneida ~onnty, N. Y., farm to the positio:i o~f I o ' baadgs~ntrol!iug I ained the permission rents and started at the a?e of 1, ing three or four companiona fromn same neighborhood.. The almost in credib'e part of it was that the party walk-ed nearly the entire distance from New York to California. He made money from the start tnd at the end of six years he returned home with a fortune. Becoming dis satisfied with the quiet life of his na tive town he came West again and, to gether with a brother-in-law, estab lished a large w bolesa'e grocery house in Milwaukee. This venture was also muccsstul, and in a year's time he pur chased the largest grain e~evator in Milwaukee. This led to more eleva tors and railroad stock In 18M he came to Chicago to take charge of the Chicago branch of a New Xork pack ing establishment. The result was that the Chicago house ceased to be a branch and the West gained the largest packing arid provision plant in the world. The property interests for which Mr. Armour stood are estimated at $150,000,000. His personal share of this pror errvy is variously estimated at. from $25,000,000 to $50,000,000. In works of charity Mr. Armou. 's monument will be found in the Ar mour Institute, to which but a si~ort time ago he gave $750,000 in one res membi anc'. Asked once what he con pidered his best paying investment he replied "The Amour Institute." While Mr. Armonr's 'iame was more generally associated in the public mind with the great packing and provision establishments in which ha was inter auzed and which do an annual business exceeding one hundred million dollars, employing twenty thousand persons md having representatives in every 1 :ity of importance in the world, he] was actively interestid in many other >ig enterprise$. "Mr. Armour's weabrh is a subject hat may never be accurately known. .t is estimard to be not less than $30. 00.000 arid by some said to exceed 150.000,000. The~ c'mbinied wealth o f he Chicago Arinour, is fixed at tG0,000,000. In one sense the total is I he wealth of Phiip D. Armour, but i List how much has been carried in his ~ wn name and how much in the name f hi. sons is unknown. He has riot een a borrower. He has always been 1 ble to pay cash for his purchas s and ~ e has never asked a customer to dis- z onnt a bill. Among the tens of thousands who1 ave used Chamberlain's Congh Rem- e ly for cold. and Ia grippe during the t: sat few years, to our knowledge, not n single case has resulted in pneumo- () it. Thos. Whitfield & Co.. 240 fabash avenue, Chicago, one of the P ost prominent retail druggists in that h ty, in speaking of this,.says-. "We hi commend Chamberlain's Cough 5( emedy for la grippe in many cases, as not only gives prompt and complete ei covery, but also coanteracts any ten- r ticy of Ia grippe to resnlt in preu- g4 na" For sale by Mc-as-- Co. it COLLEGE EDUCATION Pregident Carlisle of Wofford College in NewS and Courier The press is a great educator, editors are very efficient teachers, whose large schools, conductsd on the non-resident system, give no vacation. (In a parenthesis, let the wish be recorded, that the editors of dailies would give and take one day in the week.) When newspapers kindly open the way for their colaborers to give brief reports, such opportunities should be freely met. Ths best work of colleges cannot be displayed at an exhibition, or in the columns of a paper. When Col. P. M. Butler started for Mexico, with his fine Palmetto Regiment, he said, a good soldier should make few boasts or promises. It is so in the educational campaign. There are many unknown quanti ties in the problems which teach ers meet. There are many dang ers and possibilities of failure be tween the sowing and the reap ing. Occasionally a few dates and figures may be given. Wofford College began in 1854, and its exercises have never been suspended, except in the usual vacation. For four years (1861 65' a classical school was con ducted for boys, when the young men were on duty elsewhere. The college has sent out more than five hundred graduates, and in addition, perhaps, three times as many alumni, who have taken' partial courses. One-tenth of the: graduates have died. On the register for this session there are enrolled one hundred and seventy nine in college and fifty-seven in the flitting school on the campus. Nine young ladies are taking the full course. Some readers may not have -onsidered the great educational 3hanges in our State that have .aken place within the memory >f men now living. A remarkable nan lives in this city, whose di )loma is dated "S. C. College, t 1837." At that date there was ;nly one other college in the 3tate, Charleaton College. Per- ! iaps two hundred students may iave been a good average of at- C endance on both. To-day there I nay be twelve hundred young nen in the different stages of a t eollege course in the State. While he- white population has double, he number of 'white youngden tere were a good es rks r titutteta there may be fi~hundred girls and young ladieg taking higher courses of study & female colleges. Then there were no schools for the colored ree. This peculiar people, on mom so much of the burden of society rests, to whom we are 'ndebted for such essential .servies, had only that education whis comes from regular enforced laior, the steady routine of farm lii, daily associa ,ion with more itblligent persons and oral instruc ~ , given in homes and Sunday chools. Now, besides the gradeschools in towns, there are seveal insti tutions of higher grade, fnd they are filled with students. To all these must be aded the moment'ous change, (witk all the varied results to follow4,) frpm the free school for the pbor to the public. school for, all classes. At the date alluded to there< was no daily in the State except in Charleston. Whan the two great parties in our country met, a few months ago, to select standard-bearers they took four college men. In bhe senate at Washington more than one-half have had some col ege training. From our State lelegation five out of nine passed' ;hrough college courses. Yet ~ his small faction, for some rea Mon or other, does yield more han its mathematical share of ' >fficials and leading men. A col ege president is quoted as say ng that a college education is an bsolute guarantee against pov .rty and distress. It seems that C seing a college officer is not a uarantee against unwise state aents. In the last few years it as frequently been asserted that f< 1 Germany, there are not a few !' ducated men,. with academic ~ .tles, who are scarcely able to a take a living. With us to-day h ie man who boasts of his di- h Loma. or expects it to biiag him onor, or bread even, will id he b as made a serious mistake, and 8t >, too, will he who, a college P si fuses it lazily, saying: "I can ~t along without as well as with ni ""The high paks av *he1M Have You A Backache-Tired Pains Across the L of an Unnatural C They Me The most suc Complaint, one tha i Vaughi This is a purel in use that will effe triptic acts directly normal healthy cor READ WHA I hive been sufferi caused from the liver and K to lie down cet shortly a Auld. Three-qurtes I wascmltl filled legs terrbely einlamed and4 Inflaence of an opiate. I ha able and able to attend to nearly two yeasm L You may publish &~a mucl znay be benefted by it. Since then this gentlemax "VMu bn's Lithoi so far, and a m now enjo If you have any of t LYON MANUFACTURIP and he will advi 01 all druggists or sent on rer now than they were a gene ation or two ago, but the tab e and of society generully is igher." Does this give a reason hy those coming forward in life o-day may be careless about heir preparation? Other things eing at all equal the trained inds must have some advantage a the competitions and collisions I life. Colleges may furnish a ery good but not the only way o mental training. The crisis, lie pressure, the stern necessities 4 commoa life may draw out, rengthen and direct the powers d energies that lead to success. ~very young person is not called irough the course. On one and a year in college has often ven a life-long impulse and di ction to the student's character. n the other hand, if by labor-i .ii2 and night-paths, itI ~ould be, fa t scholarships he book' -n ained in a four yea ~ould be hurled into the mind n one year, it would not follow hat the full effects of a ripe col ege course have been gained. And yet the colleges now at rork in this small State may be spected to send into the differ 3nt walks of life some currents f good influence. Education, as bec word is sometimes used, is o security against vice or worth ssness. The gigantic crimes at shake society to its centre Lre not the work of men who can o read or write. They are ~hiefly the work of selfish, un rincipled, educated men. The igher their type of education, the ider is their sphere of evil in uence. Some one has said it is e thing to decline and parse he noun virtue, but it is a very ifferent thing to practice virtue. here is a knowledge for lack of hichi people and nations perish. ~hre is also a knowledge which )nly hastens their perishing. The )resident of a great university ias a motto, "Character and holarship, but character above holarship." Rightly under ood this is true. In some cases, many cases, character may in me degree make -up for want of holarship. In no case can holarship ma~ke up for the want character. May the schools and colleges our State send out streams of ung people whose scholarship s enriched and strengtheaed aracter. No Right to Ugltness. The woman who is lovely in1 face, rm atnd temper will always have iens, but one who would be attrac e must keep her health. If she is eak, sickly and all run down, she 'ill be nervous and irritable. If she d constipation or kidney trouble, mr impure blood will cause pimples, >tches, skin eruptions and a wretch complexion. Electric Bitters is the st medicine in the world to regulate mach, liver end kidneys and to Irify the blood. It gives strong ~rves, bright even, smooth, velvety :in, rich complexion. It will make a )od-looking, chai ming woman of a zn-down invalid. Only !>0 cents at ater Co.' drug store. my of These 8y Feeling - Dizziness - Nervousness - oins,or in the Bladder-Sleeplessness olor or Scalding Urine. an "Kidney 1 cessful remedy for all forms of Live: ,t has effected some remarkable cures, i's Lithoni 0 y vegetable preparation and the only ctually cure Dropsy and Gravel. Vat )n the Liver and Kidneys, restoring dition and eradicating all disease. IT IS SAID AB CROSS KETS, 19 for three yea fro nare or general Dropsy t eys b y phscin sad that I could last but a short ter being tapped. Every tissue was completely filled ilion was drawn from scrotum several times. at the time I began using Vaughn's Lithontriptic xuding fluid. I was unabl to get any rest or sleep ex. Ve used eight bottles of Vanugh'a Lithontriptie a my business. I can now ride my horse, a thing I had b I of my statement as you desire. I am glad to give it, a Yours truly, or. 1 BETSILL, Maj. 18th Reg k writes under date of Aug. 11, 1900: ttriptie hap effected a permanent cure. I h'ai ring good health."1 he above symptoms write to the Medi iG CO., 45 So. Fifth Streel se you by letter in regard to your er receipt of price to any express of SENATOL TILLMAN SPEAKS Pays H14 Respects to That "Bag of Beef" *miha, Neb. Jan. 7.-Tbe tenth an nual banquet of the Jacksonian club of Nebraska was held at the Millard ho tel tonight. Wm. J. Bryan responded to the tcabt "Democracy," and Senator Benjamin R. Tillman spoke on "The Demccratic Party, Its Duty and Des tiny." There were 350 enthusiastic banquettsrs present. Mr. Tillman paid his respecti tot x President Clevelaod, whom he raid was now trying to "come forward and save the party." He said he refiIed to compromise with Mrd~4.ve'and and tha' it wie presumptionl to s'h-eippt to - t --l .v-fd be the duty '~t the Democratic party four year's li n1Ce He declared-that no one can~d at tempt to now say what should be the O'iCV of the party In 1904. 'Our d-N taid he "muist be defined by h e prin ciples which have eutded fe ara , ruptionls rob djoy. Bapklen's Arnica Salve cures t bem; uso Old. Runn'ne and Fever Sores,' Ulcers, Boils, Felons, Corns, Warts, Cuts, Bruises, Burns, Sealds, Chapped Hands. Chilblains, Best Pile cure on earth. Drives ount Pains and Aches Only 25 ets. a box. Cure guaranteed. Sold by McMaster, Co., druggists. INCRE ISE OF MONEY According to Director of th a Miit Robert', the mo'ner of the world hi' increased neirly 200 per cetnt in le than a ge~nraion. In 1872 the tcaI sulpply of mioney in the leading comu ,,ercia! couintries w a. SI 600 000,00)0, of which more thanr he.f wats paper mone. inot fulvy covered by mflaa lic rese'rves. Tue situat ion at the begi ring of 1900 showved a Lttl mm.e-a . stoc's of about $11,600,000 of whVe but a little more than one-fourth ci paper. The increa-e in g., (1 mn y -ince 187; hi i breen a b tu A000 000, and int silver mno--y abiou: 52,750, 00,000. A large propordo o ue Iincre"VC~ gi >! i as ta ken p.lace in h pa 5 re l va ars.-Cotiumbia la coa'. Women as Well as Men Are Made Miserable by Kidney Trouble. Kidney trouble preys upon the mind, dis courages and lessens ambition; beauty, vigor and cheerfulness soon disappear when the kid neys are out of order * or discased. Kidney trouble has I ~ become so prev.n!znt - that it is not unc mon J~ jfor achild to be bcrn ~?afflicted with weok i d N - reys. If the chit rn - ~ales too often, if the urine scalds the flesh or if, when the child reaches an age when it should be able to control the passage, it is yet afflicted with bed vetting, depend upon it. the cause of th~e difficulty is kidney trouble, and thc first step should be towards the treatment of these important organs. This unpleasant trouble is due to a diseased condition of the kidneys and bladder and not to a habit as most people suppose. Women as well as. en are made mis erable with kidney. an .-dr trouble,t and both need the same gre:2.sedy. It The mild and the immediate effe&M'~f Swamp-Root is soon realized. It is s by druggists, ir. fifty cent and one dollar si::es. You may havea a T sample bottle by mail frec, also pamphlet tell- rtome of swamp-no . ing all about it, including many cf the thousands of testimonial letters r- - from sufferers cured. In writing Dr. . e & Co.. Bingharrton.. N. Y.. he cure rd mptomsEP -Headache - -Ciilk-Urine rouble" and Kidney p riptic medicine now tghn's Lithon- r them to their OUT IT! ' S. C., July 21, 1I9M. f the cellular tissue. timc. I was unable and saturated with perfectly helpless. 'ept while under the id am now comfort een unable to do for isome poor sufferer S.C. Vols., 1860. e had no return a Director of -, Brooklyn, N. Y. xiai case. lz $i, $1.00 a bottle. - Notice to Voters Toe Books of Registration or regis. tering voters for the next municipal, election to Le held on Monda, , April 1st, 1901, for Intendent and Warders for the town of Winnsboro, S. C., will be opened at Mr. Jno M. Smith's store Ja-uay 1,t, 1901, cu s closed March 31-t, 1901. All volers for this elecion must register witbin this time. Etch ap plicant for regisiration must produce his nuun.y registration certifleile town lax receipt for lI tan - due befonit he can register ftr town election. J. E. COAN, Inte: dant. W. M. Catbcart, Supervisor of Registrarloa. 1-4 Tax Retur THE OFFIt E OF(COUNTY-AU-~' dinor w i be. op n from the 1stday of~ Janary t o the 20th da'. of FeTbrnhry - turins.'-'turn,- 0o be miade of all per so:.a; proprfia A pe'nr.iy ol 50 per cer t uil be airt--whenr parties fail to mke returrs w tini the ab...e men t:oned dates. Al male- per-one be tw.een 'lhe ages of 21 anid 60 arec kible to polll lax, ulnless otherwise e-mpt by lai.v, and aire required to makeit re turn: of sanin. Tlh" Audhlonr or* Deputy ill be at tihe fd aowing picres oan the days speci ded: A bioni, Tuesd J Janaary 15 Backhe:d, Wan.'1 r'day, Jan0 try . Croh'. ville Fris Ja~nary 18 Woo idrar' Tunlay, Jarnuart 22 W 'ai;. Oxk. Wed niisday, Jannr .'y 23. Gla':s Gr;ov.. Thursy, .Tcnuary Finrt i ill, F' iday. J'rnuary 25. Loiniato a. nI i(I T da, Jainuari 29. Mi L. Co 'e:'s, Thor -day. JIa .u..ry 31. 10.4.0F Fid-i . F'euru'. 1. 1I4 s. . Tuc',t.r. Fb:u-r . 5. eb(- II- . - Sor'e), We e-day, Febi ub, J ikinv e Thiur-day ', F,. -a ** 7. 'ticel'o, F'. g. Fe'irnn.r' 8. .J L. lIlCIl.)2iD, RE MALLAR IdLM CO., ( LlraImtedc,) - --OF GREELbYVTLLE alA GREENVILLE, S. C., l'a:niehe; Lut deC, Building i1: oriala ot all kin, an:id are c ot:ra 'ors for tn it or (IIa ood lona , '1 1h1 ir r. reinativ., MIH. .j.ixM. MceROY, a nrow it '.' 1n-: or.' d(i y' w :,f, r he cot :o: n; m i. nd erec in.: - veral lw'f'itnis in townl Infor mtinr w il be given bai Mr ricltoy a.t u ineabor'o. 11 13 So MONEY TO LEND. A FAZW TilOUSAND DOLLARS h er d ter~ <1:. n:s onl approived secuiri A s. & W. ID. D)OUGLASs. A4toneu. Winsbrra, S I'. Ibuh)..ahersie A ply to TP. M. CJATIICARUT, 2-1-IJa. 101 WinniborojJ>U