Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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DEVOTED TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS, MORALITY, AGRICULTURE, LITERATURE. AND MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. JUES H. NORWOOD, EDITOR.] To thine tmnaelf be true; And it must follow as the night the day; Thou canst not then be false to any man.—Hamlet. VOL. 1. DARLINGTON C. H., S. C., THURSDAY MORNING NOVEMBER 20, 1851. [NORWOOD i DK LOKM, Pl'BLlSUKRS NO. 38. DARLINGTON FLAG, IS POIILIsnEO ETERT THPRSDAY .HORNING, at daemngton, c. u., s. c„ bv NORWOOD A DE EORRE. TERMS or SUBSCRIPTION: fii advance, (per annum,) - - - 82 00 At the expiration of six months - 2 50 At the end of the year - - * - 3 00 ADVERTISING : Advertisements, inserted 31*75 cents a square (fourteen Hues or less.) for the first, aud 37$ cts. for each subsequent insertion. Business Cards, not exceeding ten lines, nserted at $5, a year. AGRICULTURE. [Prom the Farmer and Planter.] CriTIMTION OF IN DUN CORN. Messrs. Editors:—A great deal said in the Fanner and Planter, on corn planting, cotton planting, and on im- ! provement of land: on plowing in green crops, on resting land, rotation of crops, &c., all of which I am glad to see, with the plans of manuiing lands with cotton seed, stable manure, guano, bone ! dust, lime, gypsum, Ate. I am pleased any kind, were once in two weeks spread over the surface of the hog’s styles, in a dish shape, and cleaned out and |mt into heaps, in which was mixed, every two weeks, it^omd lie found that earth or other materials, could, three times, during the feeding season, be spread over them, and us of ten converted into the very best manure. We have ventured the assertion, that if roper attention were paid to the eol- ction and spreading of the materials of which we have 8|>oken, that a |ien of 20 hogs would convert 100 loads into efficient manure while they were being fattened. The plan would be, every few days, to shew plaster or pulverized charcoal over the surface of the pens, say about twice n week, to prevent loss from the evaporation of the ammonia as formed. If we are right in this estimate—and we believe we are—every farmer will see at once that the value of such a body of manure, would far exceed any trou ble he might be at, in the collection aud arrangement of the raw material. Passing from the subject of manure making to that of fattening hogs, we will, in the first place, say, that it is .. . ... r vet too soon to commence the process to see it al, 1 repeat, with the view* of i r i. . . l-. ’ 1 ... of iienning and feeding, but not a bit upon chemistry. 11 0 0 ’ the different authors If wc had access to an abundance of these fertilizing materials, we might soon make our poor lands rich. These sometimes make me think of the little hoy who saw the good bread and could not get it; but I think it will do some good if I do not get any of it, 1 like to j know that sortie one gets it. Planting and cultivating corn require some judgment as well as fcvery thing el se, according to the situation of the land. If you want the best crop the land will make, break deep, plant early, and plow deep and regular while the corn is in the plant. After it begins to joint, if you still wish to cultivate clean and make as much as the land will make, plow •hallow and with a great deal of too soon to be nrrangeing the mate rials in the pen, so that when the time does arrive for shutting up the hogs, every thing may be ready to carry on the work with system, order and profit. When the hogs are first penned, they should have administered to them in their food, for a few days, doses of Hour of sulphur and copperas;—the first wiil act on and purify their blood, the latter relieve them of kidney Worms, 'lliese medicines should be given to them every other day for a week in messes of bran or meal, say a table spoonful at a dose for each hog. Their food for the first week or so, should be cooked pumpkins, apples, roots aud vegetables, when corn meal may be added, increasing the quantity that preference of the one to the other which is obviously increasing every day. Cattle intended for feeding, or ra ther fattening, should be chosen for their being short-legged, which quali tract one from the rest, where all are but links in a mighty cable of demon stration. But those who want to see the constitution whicli Mr. Calhoun was reported to have prepared for the South ern States after their secession, u ill find ty is nliMost invariably cennected with it in the very beginning of the book— a general good make. Straightness the disquisition on government. We of back is another important recom mendation, aud the more perfectly straight they are, while, at the same time, they are very broad and flat on the loins, the inore readily experienced judges will defnRe on their worth. Smallness of the dewlap and the barrel form of the carcass, both in the fore and hind-quarters, are also justly insisted upon as points of excellence. A curled hide is indicative of a thri ving beast, and worthy of observation in the choice of animals. A still more favorable symptom is a softness or sleekness of coat. Indeed, the nice touch of the hand is requisite in the judge'of cattle; perhaps nearly ns much as the keen observation of the eye. Oxen that have been worked are richer to graze than others, as not only fattening with greater rapidity, hut furnishing more exeelleut beef.— \ think, in this, he has furnished conrti- ; tutious for all free States in future. We shall frequently recur to this work in future.—Southern Press. ENERGKTIC MEN. We love our upright, enterprising, energetic men. Pull them this way and then the other, and they only bend, but do not break. Throw them down, and in a twinkle they arc on their feet qgnin. Bury them in the mud, and in half an hour they would be out and as bright as a new dollar. They arc not j yawning away their existence, ns if they had only enine into the world half made up. Such men you cannot keep i down or destroy. . But for such men , the world be a fungus. They are your Luthers! Calvins, Knoxes, Baxters, Wesleys, Whitfields, and hosts of oth ers in theology—your Alexanders, Ca 1 After working till the age of ton or | ^^HanuibaU.Cromwefls.Bonaparti-s, caution not to cut too many root* close ; i|CJ| , dni ,^ Tou ,, rHs the last of to the corn, and continue plowing the silk is dry on the shoot If properly cultivated, in this way you can obtain the best crop the land will bring. Late mid careful tending will keep the corn green longer and mature it better.— When the shuck gets yellow the fodder ought to be taken, which will be good, and the com ripe enough not ttFHie in jured by it By the above process you will get the best crop of corn and fod der, but the land I think will be more injured than to plow deep, plant early, aud tend early aud deep, and when the com is jointing, quit it clean. You will obtain a good crop of corn, your laud will be covered with pea-vines and grass which will shade it through the months of July, August and September; next year it will bring just ns good a crop, with all this combustible matter plowed in, as at first. 'I*he former plan of Ute culture will makctltc best crop and the poorest land in short time; while the latter will make nearly as much, and other circumstances considered. Let the shuck get yellow before taking the fodder, and you will not have light, husky com, and wish flint you had sown green com tor fodder. I have said nothing about planting distances, as that is to be governed entirely by the quality of land, quantity and quality of manure, due., applied. The above is a small scratch of my opinion and experience; if the editor thinks fit he can put it in print, if not he can throw it under the table, (will give my views on ail the above named articles in a short tirpe, which i am will ing to have treated in the same way. A SuBSCHIBKH. Natural Grove, Sept. 1841. the feeding, the whole should lie corn nienl,which,if possible, should be cook ed, as hogs take fat on faster upon cooked than upon uncooked food—be sides which, the food goes farther. Each pen should he provided with a rubbing-post, and a trough, in which, at all times should he kept charcoal, rotten-rood, ashes and salt. The hogs should be provided with dry, covered sleeping apartments, to which they may retire and sleep at pleasure, and have access to n yard. 'ITie sleeping apartments should be freely littered thrice a week, and cleaned out as often. Their food should lie given them three times a day, twelve years old, they have often sup plied most tender and admirable meat. It is a consideration of great impor tance to the grazer, that he should al ways secure such a stock of winter food for his cattle as will maintain them during the season, reserv ing them for the spring market, which is always su perior to that oi autumn, from the be ginning of March to the first of June the change of prices w ill be completely in his favor; and, in order to avail him self of this he must so arrange his af fairs as to procure an adequate stock of winter food. This practice of stall-feeding, or keeping the cattle in the stall, in the winter season of the year especially, and feeding them with green food, where there is abundant litter, is con sidered, by excellent judges, as the liest method of turning to account the produce of the soil. Cleanliness and temperate warmth, in the process of fattening beasts for human food, are of the utmost impor tance. and they should receive fresh.watcr as often. We have seen soapsuds thrown into their trougiis on wash-days, ami we thought with decided advantage.— Wash their trougiis out daily. Besides their corn, they should have : MISCELLANEOUS. MR. C.lLIIOl’N’S BOOK. We have been prevented by numer ous engagements the past week, from examining the work af Mr. Calhoun on government, whicli has just appeared. And we have not at hand time to ren der it any sort of justice—for that w ould at regular hours, 1 require much reflection and study. We think, how’ever, we may safely pro nounce it the greatest work on govern ment that has ever appeared, not even excepting Montesquieu. We presume there is hardly a mod ern reader who will not confess that, roots or vegetables of some kind thrown on looking into die productions on this into their pen.—American Farmer. subject of Pinto, Aristotle and Xeno- ** • i phou, or of Sir Thomas Moore, and (From the Dollar Newspaper.) Locke, lie has lieen disappointed. As CiTTLE. - - - — FATTENING HOGS. #!t is loo soon for penning your for fattening; but not too soon t making arrangements to procure n materials to pot into their pens, I fertilirediiy their industry, and by the solid ami liquid products of their bod ies. There are, perhaps no better man* ufaetarers of manure; but Independent of their habit of turning over such ma terials, ss may from time to time he thrown to them, thus letting in the air, and mixing ap the component parts to- gether, equalising the quality by such admixture; we say independent of these, their own manure is among the richest of all made on a fai m. It will be seen at a glance, how ml- •able the manure of a hog must be, if properly economised, and treated judi- ciusly. To make the most of bogs while fattening, their pens should he al- hogs will fashion them into manure.— If a foot in depth, of woods mould and lfe.W*y diklMl or river mho, dr rrtouldof Voys, Waynes, Marions,and Jacksons, on the field of battle—your Archimedes, Arkwrights, Feltons and Whitneys in mechanical arts, and sciences. They are the salt and spice of the earth.— Who hut them start any noble projects ? They build our cities and rear our manu factories; they plunge into the forest mid soon a how ling w ilderness is con verted into beautiful places for the abode of man—they whiten the blue ctheria! ocean w ith their sails, and blacken the heavens w ith their steamers and furua- j ces. Difficulties deter them not—they ! grasp with rapidity lighting obstacles , that are thrown in their way, and hurl them away from them w itli a force like thunder in destroying noxious vapors. Blessings on such men. The force and vitality of character should serve as examples for young men. What is life good for if it is not actively em ployed ! The more rubs a man gets the more polished he becomes.—(Jin- ciunali Nonpareil, PLEASANT EMPLOYMENT. TO YOCXO MEN. Another bountiful harvest has been gathered up, and the season for moral mid intellectual culture approaches.— All our schools and institutions of learning'will soon open, to quicken and develop the mi.\d. This is well. But, says one, “ I’m a poor mechanic, and must work for the support of my self and dependent friends. How am ' I to cultivate my mind!” By reading, attending lectures, and by conversing with those better inform ed than yourself. Books are cheap.— By economy, a few dollar* may be saved yearly, and paid out for such works as will feed the mind and keep it in a growing condition. When too tired to read, let a sister or a young brother read aloud for an hour. In this way you may acquire a know ledge of all the great leading subjects now engaging the attention of the learned and scientific men of the world. Ma ny of our greatest, most brilliant and labor, is the importance of the subject iucreased to him. Whether, in the latter point of view, oxen or horses are the more advantageous, has long been a disputed question. In situations iu which there is a breed of cattle par ticularly adapted to work, and such situations do occur, the employment of the ox may probably be most pro fitable. And when a farm is of so great an extent that a considerable number of beasts may be annually bought at a small expense, and no in convenience may be incurred by turn ing out those to fatten which are ill qualified for labor, the jpine preference may wiaely be made. Bulls are, ou some accounts, to lie preferred to oxen, being procured at a cheaper rate, and more active and persevering in labor. In other caaes than those jnst men tioned, * J differently. The activity of the horse for Beutiiam and Fourier, they are too A considerable part of the stock of extravagant and grotesque to be admit- a farmer must always consist of cattle ted into the comparison. They have —the inaiiitainance of these, therefore, all the excesses of Kosseau, without must lie an object of consequence; bis sentiment or poetry. And when successful men are self-educated and in proportion to the number of w’e look into the debates of fliu framers them which he keeps for sale, in addi- ! of the Constitution, we are struck with tion to those which he employs on ac* their want of precision and foresight, count of their immediate service and (iovermnent had not, in fact, risen to the dignity of a science. And the best that could by the student in politics, was to consult the leading public nets which form the skeleton of the British constitution, and then to examine the federal and State constitution of this country. The maxims and essays of Bacon aud Bolingbroke, the speeches of Fox, .Sheridan, Burke, and Brough am, in England and those of Randolph, Crawford, Clay, Webster, and Calhoun, in this country, together with the wri tings ami messages of Jefferson and Madison, afford many passages on the nature of government, which added greatly to the materials for a science. But Mr. Calhoun lias done more to make government a science than all his predecessors. He has given to moral reasoning almost the precision and certainty of matlimatieal. And lie Ute question wjjll be decided I has combined in this work a consider.-! The activity of the man, though always pernicious, is less injurious than to the student, whose haliits are sedentary, and who breathes only vitiated, confined air. in view of these truths is it not bet ter to obtain a small library of choice books, at a small expense, and read and study them at home I With a library at homo, every mem ber of the family may be benefitted, while the student in college is alone benefitted or injured. Look at F.liliu Burritt, the learned Blacksmith, master of more languages than any college educated man iu all America. He read and studied hooks at home. The same is true of thousands of others w ho now till the most important places in life. Then buy books—work and study —study and work—work at your trade, on the farm, on lake, sen, or river.— Work and study—study and work, and your body and brain will become developed and enlarged, and your mind cultivated and expanded. Now is the time to begin. A “SPlNiY” DNE. A correspondent of the < 'harleston News, travelling on' the Eastern Shore of Virginia,gives the following in one of his letters: NV e turned aside from our path for a space, to visit an object of some cuii- osity, which is one of “ the lions” of “ the Eastern Shore. 1 ’ This is an an cient vault, belonging to a member of the Custis family, a branch of the same stock with which Washington inter married. It lies upon a fine old farm- stem! looking out upon “the Bay,” and occupies the centre of a large field, the only prominent object; sheltered by some old trees. The vault is of white marble, elaborately carved in Loudon, in a state of partial dilapida tion. The curious feature about it con- sists iu its inscription, whicli runs thus: “ Under this marble tomb lies the body of the Hon. John Custis, Esq., of the city of Williamsburg and Parish ol Burton; formerly of Hungar’s Pa rish, on the Eastern shore of Virginia, and county of Northampton: aged 71 years, and yet he heed but seven years, which was the space of lime he kept a Bachelor’s Home at Arlington, on the Eastern shore of Virginia.” 1 his inscription, we are told by an other, on the opposite side, “ was put on the tomb by his own positive order.’’ The gist of it, as our lady readers will be pleased to perceive, consists in the lines we have italicised; the force of which w ill bo better felt and under stood from the additional fact, which docs not appear, that this bachelor, who Heed only in his bachelor condi tion, was actually married three times. His experience, if we arc to believe his epitaph, was greatly adverse to the idea of any happiness in the marriage state, yet how strange that he should have ventured thrice upon it! The natural conclusion is that the Honora ble John Custis was a singularly just and conscientious man, w ho, nuwilliug to do the sex any wrong by a prema ture judgment, gave them a full ami fair trial, at the expense of bis own happiness, and pronounced judgment only after repeat'd experiments. tion ol almost every principle of gov- mmvvsvsnj vs aa«#« ^»j jf* is much stperior to that of the oxen,, eminent which history lias developed, and he U more applicable to different He has stated these principles in lau- •pecies of employment. His hoofs are j guage of unequalled brevity and clear leas susceptible of Injury; and, with respect to well managed farms, in wkish despatch is more required than absolute strength iu the operation of ploughing, ihe quickness with which the horse completes the business, in comparison with the ox, will it may, be presumed, at length generally diffuee ness—he hns classified them with more than the discrimination of a Cuvier, and his deductions follow with the esse, directness, and lorce of gravitation. We eannot now begin to describe hie system. And, iu fact, it is diffioelt to select one passage from his work more important than another, or to ex in I only after repeat'd experiments. Tra- faet, we have come to regard this dition has preserved some anecdotes of Home Eduuetion far better than the the sort of experience which he enjoy- most fashionable college education.— ed in the marriage state, one of which It is estimated, that out of every Inin- I will relate. It appears that lie was deed college graduates in this coimUy, driving out in his ancient carri.ige w ith forty-fire die prematurely, or retire to one of his wives (ami to do him jus- private life, w ithout being able to make tine, we must assure the reader that he any public use of their professions, had but one at a time) and in the The reasons are obvious. While keep- neiglilioi hood of the very spot h|miii iug the youthful brain on a stretch for which we ourselves are standing —Cape years, the body, is pcnniUid, for want Charles. A matrimonial discussion cu- of physical exercise, to decline and be- sued between the pair, which warmed come so debilitated, that when the di- as they proceeded. The lord grew an ploma has been obtained, the student gry, and the lady vociferous. “It was is a “used up man; the hopes of am- a diamond,” said one—and “ I insist,” bitious parents are forever blasted, and quoth the other, “ that it was a club.” the doomed invalid drags out a short life of pain and anguish. Not so with those who work their way up in the world. The brain is relieved, while the body is active ami growing, and flie body is resting while i They were even then upon the beach. “You will drive me mad!” cried John Custis. “ I should call that admirable driving,” retorted the wile. “ By be exclaimed, “ if you say another word 1 will drive down into the sea!” where I dare not accompany you.”— “ Even to li—II!” he groaned. “The only exception,” she answered, with a chuckle—“there, my dear, I leave you.” 81k 1 had conquered. He never drove in at Cape Charles again, but groaned with the recollection of the seven years of bachelor-life at Ariiuirtou.” Toads.—We notice that Professor Mapes states that toads are destructive to strawberry fruit. We do not know what breed of toads they have at the North, but here w e w ould pay a premi um for toads to put into our strawberry beds. We look upon the toad as one of the most useful animals that hop.— We have watched him close, and never found either fruit, vegetable or flower molested by him, but, on the contrary , have seen him lap up thousands of worms, bugs, crickets and grasshoppers from the straw tarry beds—have watch ed his unerring aim at the cut worm as it commenced its attack upon the ten der plant, and have been astonished that any one could look upon this little garden scavenger in any other light than as a “public benefactor.” W’e in variably place bits of bark and boards around our garden ground, that the toad may barrow under them, ami when the sun goes down they will sally forth and take a stand where insects “most do congregate,” and make war upon all the insert tribe, hut never have we known them to eat fruit, vegetui.les or flowers. Gardeners and florists, pro tect the toads. THE MEN (IF THE TIMES. We like an active man, one who lias the impulses of the age; of thestram en gine in him. A lazy, plodding snail paced chap that might have got on in the world fifty years ago, hut he won’t do for these times. \\'e live in an age of quick ideas; men think quick—cat, sleep, court, marry and die quick, and slow coaches ain’t tolerated. ‘Go ahead if you burst your boiler’ is the motto of the age; and he succeeds best in every line ofhusincss, who has the snap ping turtle in him. Strive reader to catch this spirit of the times; be up “and dressed” always, not gaping and rubbing your eyes as if you were half asleep, but awake for any thing that may turn up; and you may he “some body” before you die. Think, and re flect as much as you please before you act; but flunk quicker and closely, aud when yon have fixed your eye upon the object, spring to the mark at once. Motives for Marriage.—Goethe said he married to obtain respectabili ty. John Wilkes declared he wedded to please his friends. Wyclicrly, in old age, took his servant girl to wife, to spite his relations. The Russians have a story of a widow who was so inconso- late for the loss of her husband that she took another to keep from fretting her self to death; and we rend of an liiah- man who declared he would never have taken a second w ifo but having a chance to marry a Protestant girl ho just took her to be the means of saving her soul. A young and rather fast gentleman of our acquaintance married a lady nearly old enough to Ire his grandmother be cause he owed her a debt of fifty dol lars for board. When yon sj*eak of a man’s wife you should not say “lady.” Suppose a woman should speak of this or that acquaintance’s‘gentleman.’ How odd it would sound. A fine coat often covers an intoler able fool, but it never conceals one. Goon Advu k.—Never allow misfor tune to make you selfish, but imitate the example of Fenelon, who w hen his libra ry was on fire, exclaimed, “God be prais- tliat it is not the dwelling of a poor mao.” Pat.—“How is coal this morning 1” said a purchaser to an Irishman iu a coal yard, “Black as iver,”replied Pat rick. respectfully taking off’the remains of his hat. the brain is expanding. Thus, the whole man of the worker is well de veloped. in most eolieges, the habit of smo king or chewing tobacco ia verypreva- lent, and most destructive to these young men. Digestion lieoomes im paired, the appetite is lost, medicines are swallowed, no mother or sister at hand to watch over him, and ho sinks away before the morning's sun opened or illumined his youthful mind. 'I’hen “ an all-wise Providence” is charged with his early death, while these causes are overlooked, 'i he same indulgence in the u«s of tobacco by the laboring “ Another word!” screamed the lady, “ Drive where you please,” she added, “ into the sea—i can go as deep as you dare go any day l” He became furious, took her at her word, and drove the ihorses and chariot into the ocean. They began to swim. He held iu, looked into her face, and she laughed in his. “ Why do you stop!” the demanded exultiugly—not a whit alarmed. “You are a devil!” he ex claimed, flinging the horse* about and making for the shore with all expedi tion. “ Pooh! poor!” laughed his tormentor. “ Learn from this that there is no place where you dare go, ked a green coming d "What can a man d ’un“ when the sheri up to him with a writ iu his “Apply the remedy,” said another, grufliy. “Apply the remedy, what kind of remedy !” “Heel-ing remedy, you goose—run like a quarter horse.' r Misunderstanding.—Dr , the other day conversing w ith a friend about Philip James Baily, said—“Well the author of Feitus is a splendid wri ter.’ ‘Festers !’ exclaimed a by stander, "anybody got out a w ork on them 1 I have had two or three horrible onea lately.’