DEVOTED TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS, MORALITY, AGRICULTURE, LITERATURE. AND MISCELLANEOUS NEWS.
JUES H. NORWOOD, EDITOR.]
To thine tmnaelf be true; And it must follow as the night the day; Thou canst not then be false to any man.—Hamlet.
VOL.
1.
DARLINGTON C. H., S. C., THURSDAY MORNING NOVEMBER 20, 1851.
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AGRICULTURE.
[Prom the Farmer and Planter.]
CriTIMTION OF IN DUN CORN.
Messrs. Editors:—A great deal
said in the Fanner and Planter, on corn
planting, cotton planting, and on im- !
provement of land: on plowing in green
crops, on resting land, rotation of crops,
&c., all of which I am glad to see,
with the plans of manuiing lands with
cotton seed, stable manure, guano, bone !
dust, lime, gypsum, Ate. I am pleased
any kind, were once in two weeks
spread over the surface of the hog’s
styles, in a dish shape, and cleaned out
and |mt into heaps, in which was
mixed, every two weeks, it^omd lie
found that earth or other materials,
could, three times, during the feeding
season, be spread over them, and us of
ten converted into the very best manure.
We have ventured the assertion, that if
roper attention were paid to the eol-
ction and spreading of the materials
of which we have 8|>oken, that a |ien of
20 hogs would convert 100 loads into
efficient manure while they were being
fattened. The plan would be, every
few days, to shew plaster or pulverized
charcoal over the surface of the pens,
say about twice n week, to prevent loss
from the evaporation of the ammonia
as formed.
If we are right in this estimate—and
we believe we are—every farmer will
see at once that the value of such a body
of manure, would far exceed any trou
ble he might be at, in the collection aud
arrangement of the raw material.
Passing from the subject of manure
making to that of fattening hogs, we
will, in the first place, say, that it is
.. . ... r vet too soon to commence the process
to see it al, 1 repeat, with the view* of i r i. . . l-.
’ 1 ... of iienning and feeding, but not a bit
upon chemistry. 11 0 0 ’
the different authors
If wc had access to an abundance of
these fertilizing materials, we might
soon make our poor lands rich. These
sometimes make me think of the little
hoy who saw the good bread and could
not get it; but I think it will do some
good if I do not get any of it, 1 like to j
know that sortie one gets it.
Planting and cultivating corn require
some judgment as well as fcvery thing el
se, according to the situation of the land.
If you want the best crop the land will
make, break deep, plant early, and
plow deep and regular while the corn
is in the plant. After it begins to joint,
if you still wish to cultivate clean and
make as much as the land will make,
plow •hallow and with a great deal of
too soon to be nrrangeing the mate
rials in the pen, so that when the time
does arrive for shutting up the hogs,
every thing may be ready to carry on
the work with system, order and profit.
When the hogs are first penned, they
should have administered to them in
their food, for a few days, doses of
Hour of sulphur and copperas;—the
first wiil act on and purify their blood,
the latter relieve them of kidney Worms,
'lliese medicines should be given to
them every other day for a week in
messes of bran or meal, say a table
spoonful at a dose for each hog.
Their food for the first week or so,
should be cooked pumpkins, apples,
roots aud vegetables, when corn meal
may be added, increasing the quantity
that preference of the one to the other
which is obviously increasing every
day.
Cattle intended for feeding, or ra
ther fattening, should be chosen for
their being short-legged, which quali
tract one from the rest, where all are
but links in a mighty cable of demon
stration. But those who want to see
the constitution whicli Mr. Calhoun was
reported to have prepared for the South
ern States after their secession, u ill find
ty is nliMost invariably cennected with it in the very beginning of the book—
a general good make. Straightness the disquisition on government. We
of back is another important recom
mendation, aud the more perfectly
straight they are, while, at the same
time, they are very broad and flat on
the loins, the inore readily experienced
judges will defnRe on their worth.
Smallness of the dewlap and the
barrel form of the carcass, both in the
fore and hind-quarters, are also justly
insisted upon as points of excellence.
A curled hide is indicative of a thri
ving beast, and worthy of observation
in the choice of animals. A still more
favorable symptom is a softness or
sleekness of coat. Indeed, the nice
touch of the hand is requisite in the
judge'of cattle; perhaps nearly ns
much as the keen observation of the
eye. Oxen that have been worked
are richer to graze than others, as not
only fattening with greater rapidity,
hut furnishing more exeelleut beef.—
\ think, in this, he has furnished conrti-
; tutious for all free States in future.
We shall frequently recur to this
work in future.—Southern Press.
ENERGKTIC MEN.
We love our upright, enterprising,
energetic men. Pull them this way
and then the other, and they only bend,
but do not break. Throw them down,
and in a twinkle they arc on their feet
qgnin. Bury them in the mud, and in
half an hour they would be out and as
bright as a new dollar. They arc not
j yawning away their existence, ns if
they had only enine into the world half
made up. Such men you cannot keep
i down or destroy. . But for such men
, the world be a fungus. They are your
Luthers! Calvins, Knoxes, Baxters,
Wesleys, Whitfields, and hosts of oth
ers in theology—your Alexanders, Ca 1
After working till the age of ton or | ^^HanuibaU.Cromwefls.Bonaparti-s,
caution not to cut too many root* close ; i|CJ| , dni ,^ Tou ,, rHs the last of
to the corn, and continue plowing
the silk is dry on the shoot If properly
cultivated, in this way you can obtain
the best crop the land will bring. Late
mid careful tending will keep the corn
green longer and mature it better.—
When the shuck gets yellow the fodder
ought to be taken, which will be good,
and the com ripe enough not ttFHie in
jured by it By the above process you
will get the best crop of corn and fod
der, but the land I think will be more
injured than to plow deep, plant early,
aud tend early aud deep, and when the
com is jointing, quit it clean. You will
obtain a good crop of corn, your laud
will be covered with pea-vines and grass
which will shade it through the months
of July, August and September; next
year it will bring just ns good a crop,
with all this combustible matter plowed
in, as at first. 'I*he former plan of Ute
culture will makctltc best crop and the
poorest land in short time; while the
latter will make nearly as much, and
other circumstances considered. Let
the shuck get yellow before taking the
fodder, and you will not have light,
husky com, and wish flint you had sown
green com tor fodder. I have said
nothing about planting distances, as
that is to be governed entirely by the
quality of land, quantity and quality of
manure, due., applied.
The above is a small scratch of my
opinion and experience; if the editor
thinks fit he can put it in print, if not
he can throw it under the table, (will
give my views on ail the above named
articles in a short tirpe, which i am will
ing to have treated in the same way.
A SuBSCHIBKH.
Natural Grove, Sept. 1841.
the feeding, the whole should lie corn
nienl,which,if possible, should be cook
ed, as hogs take fat on faster upon
cooked than upon uncooked food—be
sides which, the food goes farther.
Each pen should he provided with a
rubbing-post, and a trough, in which,
at all times should he kept charcoal,
rotten-rood, ashes and salt.
The hogs should be provided with
dry, covered sleeping apartments, to
which they may retire and sleep at
pleasure, and have access to n yard.
'ITie sleeping apartments should be
freely littered thrice a week, and cleaned
out as often.
Their food should lie given them
three times a day,
twelve years old, they have often sup
plied most tender and admirable meat.
It is a consideration of great impor
tance to the grazer, that he should al
ways secure such a stock of winter
food for his cattle as will maintain them
during the season, reserv ing them for
the spring market, which is always su
perior to that oi autumn, from the be
ginning of March to the first of June
the change of prices w ill be completely
in his favor; and, in order to avail him
self of this he must so arrange his af
fairs as to procure an adequate stock
of winter food.
This practice of stall-feeding, or
keeping the cattle in the stall, in the
winter season of the year especially,
and feeding them with green food,
where there is abundant litter, is con
sidered, by excellent judges, as the
liest method of turning to account the
produce of the soil.
Cleanliness and temperate warmth,
in the process of fattening beasts for
human food, are of the utmost impor
tance.
and they should receive fresh.watcr as
often. We have seen soapsuds thrown
into their trougiis on wash-days, ami
we thought with decided advantage.—
Wash their trougiis out daily.
Besides their corn, they should have
: MISCELLANEOUS.
MR. C.lLIIOl’N’S BOOK.
We have been prevented by numer
ous engagements the past week, from
examining the work af Mr. Calhoun on
government, whicli has just appeared.
And we have not at hand time to ren
der it any sort of justice—for that w ould
at regular hours, 1 require much reflection and study. We
think, how’ever, we may safely pro
nounce it the greatest work on govern
ment that has ever appeared, not even
excepting Montesquieu.
We presume there is hardly a mod
ern reader who will not confess that,
roots or vegetables of some kind thrown on looking into die productions on this
into their pen.—American Farmer. subject of Pinto, Aristotle and Xeno-
** • i phou, or of Sir Thomas Moore, and
(From the Dollar Newspaper.) Locke, lie has lieen disappointed. As
CiTTLE. - - - —
FATTENING HOGS.
#!t is loo soon for penning your
for fattening; but not too soon t
making arrangements to procure n
materials to pot into their pens, I
fertilirediiy their industry, and by the
solid ami liquid products of their bod
ies. There are, perhaps no better man*
ufaetarers of manure; but Independent
of their habit of turning over such ma
terials, ss may from time to time he
thrown to them, thus letting in the air,
and mixing ap the component parts to-
gether, equalising the quality by such
admixture; we say independent of these,
their own manure is among the richest
of all made on a fai m.
It will be seen at a glance, how ml-
•able the manure of a hog must be, if
properly economised, and treated judi-
ciusly. To make the most of bogs
while fattening, their pens should he al-
hogs will fashion them into manure.—
If a foot in depth, of woods mould and
lfe.W*y diklMl or river mho, dr rrtouldof
Voys, Waynes, Marions,and Jacksons,
on the field of battle—your Archimedes,
Arkwrights, Feltons and Whitneys in
mechanical arts, and sciences. They
are the salt and spice of the earth.—
Who hut them start any noble projects ?
They build our cities and rear our manu
factories; they plunge into the forest
mid soon a how ling w ilderness is con
verted into beautiful places for the abode
of man—they whiten the blue ctheria!
ocean w ith their sails, and blacken the
heavens w ith their steamers and furua-
j ces. Difficulties deter them not—they
! grasp with rapidity lighting obstacles
, that are thrown in their way, and hurl
them away from them w itli a force like
thunder in destroying noxious vapors.
Blessings on such men. The force
and vitality of character should serve
as examples for young men. What is
life good for if it is not actively em
ployed ! The more rubs a man gets
the more polished he becomes.—(Jin-
ciunali Nonpareil,
PLEASANT EMPLOYMENT.
TO YOCXO MEN.
Another bountiful harvest has been
gathered up, and the season for moral
mid intellectual culture approaches.—
All our schools and institutions of
learning'will soon open, to quicken
and develop the mi.\d. This is well.
But, says one, “ I’m a poor mechanic,
and must work for the support of my
self and dependent friends. How am
' I to cultivate my mind!”
By reading, attending lectures, and
by conversing with those better inform
ed than yourself. Books are cheap.—
By economy, a few dollar* may be
saved yearly, and paid out for such
works as will feed the mind and keep
it in a growing condition. When too
tired to read, let a sister or a young
brother read aloud for an hour. In
this way you may acquire a know ledge
of all the great leading subjects now
engaging the attention of the learned
and scientific men of the world. Ma
ny of our greatest, most brilliant and
labor, is the importance of the subject
iucreased to him. Whether, in the
latter point of view, oxen or horses are
the more advantageous, has long been
a disputed question. In situations iu
which there is a breed of cattle par
ticularly adapted to work, and such
situations do occur, the employment
of the ox may probably be most pro
fitable. And when a farm is of so
great an extent that a considerable
number of beasts may be annually
bought at a small expense, and no in
convenience may be incurred by turn
ing out those to fatten which are ill
qualified for labor, the jpine preference
may wiaely be made. Bulls are, ou
some accounts, to lie preferred to oxen,
being procured at a cheaper rate, and
more active and persevering in labor.
In other caaes than those jnst men
tioned, * J
differently. The activity of the horse
for Beutiiam and Fourier, they are too
A considerable part of the stock of extravagant and grotesque to be admit-
a farmer must always consist of cattle ted into the comparison. They have
—the inaiiitainance of these, therefore, all the excesses of Kosseau, without
must lie an object of consequence; bis sentiment or poetry. And when successful men are self-educated
and in proportion to the number of w’e look into the debates of fliu framers
them which he keeps for sale, in addi- ! of the Constitution, we are struck with
tion to those which he employs on ac* their want of precision and foresight,
count of their immediate service and (iovermnent had not, in fact, risen to
the dignity of a science. And the best
that could by the student in politics,
was to consult the leading public nets
which form the skeleton of the British
constitution, and then to examine the
federal and State constitution of this
country. The maxims and essays of
Bacon aud Bolingbroke, the speeches
of Fox, .Sheridan, Burke, and Brough
am, in England and those of Randolph,
Crawford, Clay, Webster, and Calhoun,
in this country, together with the wri
tings ami messages of Jefferson and
Madison, afford many passages on the
nature of government, which added
greatly to the materials for a science.
But Mr. Calhoun lias done more to
make government a science than all
his predecessors. He has given to
moral reasoning almost the precision
and certainty of matlimatieal. And lie
Ute question wjjll be decided I has combined in this work a consider.-!
The activity of the
man, though always pernicious, is less
injurious than to the student, whose
haliits are sedentary, and who breathes
only vitiated, confined air.
in view of these truths is it not bet
ter to obtain a small library of choice
books, at a small expense, and read
and study them at home I
With a library at homo, every mem
ber of the family may be benefitted,
while the student in college is alone
benefitted or injured. Look at F.liliu
Burritt, the learned Blacksmith, master
of more languages than any college
educated man iu all America. He
read and studied hooks at home. The
same is true of thousands of others
w ho now till the most important places
in life.
Then buy books—work and study
—study and work—work at your trade,
on the farm, on lake, sen, or river.—
Work and study—study and work,
and your body and brain will become
developed and enlarged, and your mind
cultivated and expanded. Now is the
time to begin.
A “SPlNiY” DNE.
A correspondent of the < 'harleston
News, travelling on' the Eastern Shore
of Virginia,gives the following in one
of his letters:
NV e turned aside from our path for a
space, to visit an object of some cuii-
osity, which is one of “ the lions” of
“ the Eastern Shore. 1 ’ This is an an
cient vault, belonging to a member of
the Custis family, a branch of the same
stock with which Washington inter
married. It lies upon a fine old farm-
stem! looking out upon “the Bay,” and
occupies the centre of a large field,
the only prominent object; sheltered
by some old trees. The vault is of
white marble, elaborately carved in
Loudon, in a state of partial dilapida
tion. The curious feature about it con-
sists iu its inscription, whicli runs thus:
“ Under this marble tomb lies the body
of the
Hon. John Custis, Esq.,
of the city of Williamsburg and Parish
ol Burton; formerly of Hungar’s Pa
rish, on the Eastern shore of Virginia,
and county of Northampton: aged 71
years, and yet he heed but seven years,
which was the space of lime he kept a
Bachelor’s Home at Arlington, on
the Eastern shore of Virginia.”
1 his inscription, we are told by an
other, on the opposite side, “ was put
on the tomb by his own positive order.’’
The gist of it, as our lady readers will
be pleased to perceive, consists in the
lines we have italicised; the force of
which w ill bo better felt and under
stood from the additional fact, which
docs not appear, that this bachelor,
who Heed only in his bachelor condi
tion, was actually married three times.
His experience, if we arc to believe
his epitaph, was greatly adverse to the
idea of any happiness in the marriage
state, yet how strange that he should
have ventured thrice upon it! The
natural conclusion is that the Honora
ble John Custis was a singularly just
and conscientious man, w ho, nuwilliug
to do the sex any wrong by a prema
ture judgment, gave them a full ami
fair trial, at the expense of bis own
happiness, and pronounced judgment
only after repeat'd experiments.
tion ol almost every principle of gov-
mmvvsvsnj vs aa«#« ^»j jf*
is much stperior to that of the oxen,, eminent which history lias developed,
and he U more applicable to different He has stated these principles in lau-
•pecies of employment. His hoofs are j guage of unequalled brevity and clear
leas susceptible of Injury; and, with
respect to well managed farms, in
wkish despatch is more required than
absolute strength iu the operation of
ploughing, ihe quickness with which
the horse completes the business, in
comparison with the ox, will it may, be
presumed, at length generally diffuee
ness—he hns classified them with more
than the discrimination of a Cuvier,
and his deductions follow with the esse,
directness, and lorce of gravitation.
We eannot now begin to describe
hie system. And, iu fact, it is diffioelt
to select one passage from his work
more important than another, or to ex
in I only after repeat'd experiments. Tra-
faet, we have come to regard this dition has preserved some anecdotes of
Home Eduuetion far better than the the sort of experience which he enjoy-
most fashionable college education.— ed in the marriage state, one of which
It is estimated, that out of every Inin- I will relate. It appears that lie was
deed college graduates in this coimUy, driving out in his ancient carri.ige w ith
forty-fire die prematurely, or retire to one of his wives (ami to do him jus-
private life, w ithout being able to make tine, we must assure the reader that he
any public use of their professions, had but one at a time) and in the
The reasons are obvious. While keep- neiglilioi hood of the very spot h|miii
iug the youthful brain on a stretch for which we ourselves are standing —Cape
years, the body, is pcnniUid, for want Charles. A matrimonial discussion cu-
of physical exercise, to decline and be- sued between the pair, which warmed
come so debilitated, that when the di- as they proceeded. The lord grew an
ploma has been obtained, the student gry, and the lady vociferous. “It was
is a “used up man; the hopes of am- a diamond,” said one—and “ I insist,”
bitious parents are forever blasted, and quoth the other, “ that it was a club.”
the doomed invalid drags out a short
life of pain and anguish.
Not so with those who work their
way up in the world. The brain is
relieved, while the body is active ami
growing, and flie body is resting while i They were even then upon the beach.
“You will drive me mad!” cried John
Custis. “ I should call that admirable
driving,” retorted the wile. “ By
be exclaimed, “ if you say another
word 1 will drive down into the sea!”
where I dare not accompany you.”—
“ Even to li—II!” he groaned. “The
only exception,” she answered, with a
chuckle—“there, my dear, I leave you.”
81k 1 had conquered. He never drove
in at Cape Charles again, but groaned
with the recollection of the seven
years of bachelor-life at Ariiuirtou.”
Toads.—We notice that Professor
Mapes states that toads are destructive
to strawberry fruit. We do not know
what breed of toads they have at the
North, but here w e w ould pay a premi
um for toads to put into our strawberry
beds. We look upon the toad as one
of the most useful animals that hop.—
We have watched him close, and never
found either fruit, vegetable or flower
molested by him, but, on the contrary ,
have seen him lap up thousands of
worms, bugs, crickets and grasshoppers
from the straw tarry beds—have watch
ed his unerring aim at the cut worm as
it commenced its attack upon the ten
der plant, and have been astonished
that any one could look upon this little
garden scavenger in any other light
than as a “public benefactor.” W’e in
variably place bits of bark and boards
around our garden ground, that the
toad may barrow under them, ami
when the sun goes down they will sally
forth and take a stand where insects
“most do congregate,” and make war
upon all the insert tribe, hut never have
we known them to eat fruit, vegetui.les
or flowers. Gardeners and florists, pro
tect the toads.
THE MEN (IF THE TIMES.
We like an active man, one who lias
the impulses of the age; of thestram en
gine in him. A lazy, plodding snail
paced chap that might have got on in
the world fifty years ago, hut he won’t
do for these times. \\'e live in an age
of quick ideas; men think quick—cat,
sleep, court, marry and die quick, and
slow coaches ain’t tolerated. ‘Go ahead
if you burst your boiler’ is the motto
of the age; and he succeeds best in
every line ofhusincss, who has the snap
ping turtle in him. Strive reader to
catch this spirit of the times; be up
“and dressed” always, not gaping and
rubbing your eyes as if you were half
asleep, but awake for any thing that
may turn up; and you may he “some
body” before you die. Think, and re
flect as much as you please before you
act; but flunk quicker and closely, aud
when yon have fixed your eye upon
the object, spring to the mark at once.
Motives for Marriage.—Goethe
said he married to obtain respectabili
ty. John Wilkes declared he wedded
to please his friends. Wyclicrly, in
old age, took his servant girl to wife, to
spite his relations. The Russians have
a story of a widow who was so inconso-
late for the loss of her husband that she
took another to keep from fretting her
self to death; and we rend of an liiah-
man who declared he would never have
taken a second w ifo but having a chance
to marry a Protestant girl ho just took
her to be the means of saving her soul.
A young and rather fast gentleman of
our acquaintance married a lady nearly
old enough to Ire his grandmother be
cause he owed her a debt of fifty dol
lars for board.
When yon sj*eak of a man’s wife
you should not say “lady.” Suppose a
woman should speak of this or that
acquaintance’s‘gentleman.’ How odd it
would sound.
A fine coat often covers an intoler
able fool, but it never conceals one.
Goon Advu k.—Never allow misfor
tune to make you selfish, but imitate the
example of Fenelon, who w hen his libra
ry was on fire, exclaimed, “God be prais-
tliat it is not the dwelling of a poor
mao.”
Pat.—“How is coal this morning 1”
said a purchaser to an Irishman iu a
coal yard, “Black as iver,”replied Pat
rick. respectfully taking off’the remains
of his hat.
the brain is expanding. Thus, the
whole man of the worker is well de
veloped.
in most eolieges, the habit of smo
king or chewing tobacco ia verypreva-
lent, and most destructive to these
young men. Digestion lieoomes im
paired, the appetite is lost, medicines
are swallowed, no mother or sister at
hand to watch over him, and ho sinks
away before the morning's sun opened
or illumined his youthful mind. 'I’hen
“ an all-wise Providence” is charged
with his early death, while these causes
are overlooked, 'i he same indulgence
in the u«s of tobacco by the laboring
“ Another word!” screamed the lady,
“ Drive where you please,” she added,
“ into the sea—i can go as deep as
you dare go any day l” He became
furious, took her at her word, and
drove the ihorses and chariot into the
ocean. They began to swim. He
held iu, looked into her face, and she
laughed in his. “ Why do you stop!”
the demanded exultiugly—not a whit
alarmed. “You are a devil!” he ex
claimed, flinging the horse* about and
making for the shore with all expedi
tion. “ Pooh! poor!” laughed his
tormentor. “ Learn from this that
there is no place where you dare go,
ked a green
coming
d
"What can a man d
’un“ when the sheri
up to him with a writ iu his
“Apply the remedy,” said another,
grufliy. “Apply the remedy, what kind
of remedy !” “Heel-ing remedy, you
goose—run like a quarter horse.'
r
Misunderstanding.—Dr ,
the other day conversing w ith a friend
about Philip James Baily, said—“Well
the author of Feitus is a splendid wri
ter.’ ‘Festers !’ exclaimed a by stander,
"anybody got out a w ork on them 1 I
have had two or three horrible onea
lately.’