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DEVOTED TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS, MORALITY, AGRICULTURE, LITERATURE, AND MISCELLANEOUS NEWS. VOL. 1. To thine ovrnselfbc true; And it must follow as the night the day; Thou const not that he false to any man.—Hamlet. DARLINGTON C. H., S. C., WEDNESDAY MORNING MARCH 26, 1851 NO. 4. THE DARLINGTON FLAG, IS PUBLISHED EVEIf WEDNESDAY MORNING, AT DAKLINWTON, C. II., 8. C., BY JOHX P. BE LOR1UE. TEEMS OF SOTSCRIPTIO.X: Iii advance, (per annum,) - • - $‘2 00 At the expiration of six months - 2 50 At the end of the year - - ... 3 00 ADVERTISING : Advertisements, inserted at 75 cents a square (fourteen lines or less,) for the first, and 37^ cts. for each subsequent insertion. Business Cards, not exceeding ten lines, inserted at (|5, a year. the pen, viz: 1 pock of salt, 1 pock of would advise forty feet for apple, and lime, 2 lbs. of saltpetre, and 2 or 3 bush- place peach trees in the centre. Pears els of ashes, in 60 gallans of water, and cherries may be planted twenty or About ten days after putting on the thirty feet apart, To secure the life above liquid, pour 60 gallons more of and health of the peach trees, shorten w ater, and if you have a good supply of ashes, add 2 or 3 bushels to the wa ter. When it is found not to be wet enough, more water must be added— any kind of vegetable matter will an swer, some sorts taking longer to de- | compose than others. And here I will add as a general re them every spring, by cutting oft' at least one half of the privious year’s growth; while the trees are young it makes them form good heads, and pre vents their overgrowth, and premature decay. If this is rigidly done, it will doubtless prevent the yellow's, w Inch is the disease, and not the worm that kills the worm is present, they should be taken out and ashes applied liberally. All business connected w ilh the Flag, will be transacted with the Proprie tor at his Office, one door above the Dar lington Hotel, or with the Editor at his law Office AGHICDIiTURS. ^ From the Laurensrilk Herald. MANURING LANDS, NO. 1. Mr. Editor:—In my last I intima ted I might give you some other forms of making compost manure. It is well to have at hand a variety of resources, so as to be able to choose the best. I proceed now to execute my promise: In the winter, especially, is the time for the cotton planter to make compost, and I hope, as I ride about, to see them piling up on every farm. Every one that rises, in consequence of the suggestions thrown out in these num ber*, I will consider as monuments ! (pyraminde) in approbotion of the wri ter. If they are not so durable as the Egyptian monuments, they will at least j lie more useful to mankind. When a farmer wishes to improve a distant field, the trouble of hauling is a aerious obstacle. In that case much hauling may be avoided by adopting the fol- | lowing plan: Hahe three cornered rail pens, at sui table distances, and fill them up with a layer, first of mould gathered from the woods and on Uie bi audios near tbe fields, six inches deep, and then a layer of stable manure two incites deep, and so on alternately, until the pen is full. A little ashes, or lime if it can bi had, would add to its value. If rain enough to wet the heap does not fall, it ought to lie watered. This is pretty near Lord Meadowbank’s celebrated coin- posu I have tried it and found it a good manure. The following is from an able writer in the Southern Cultivator, who signs his name "Jethro,” (voL 8, page 3,'>.) Dr. Philips considers him one of the ablest writers of the day. It is for making compost with cotton seed. The whole article is well worth reading: “ Compost as follows: a layer of soil from the woods or lots, six inches upon the ground, then a layor of cotton seed, six inches, and so on alternately; dust or cover the layer of mould with half an inch or less of unleached ashes, then the seed, and so on alternately. Lea ched ashes will answer, but a greater quantity is required. TTie ash neutra lises the acidity of the mud or vegeta ble matter. the compost heap is niad«t cover over with earth, and let it remain until planting time; then slice the heap from ton to bottom, mixing aH together. (AH compoRlheaps should be cut down in the same way.) He then directs it to be hauled immediate ly and dropped in the hill or scattered in the drill, and covered as soon ns pos- i mould ts tilled closely among t slide to prevent the escape of its vola- and weU loitered; there will be little need of tfiMWing down with the foot. Make Your Own Candles.—Take twelve ounces of alum for every ten pounds of tallow, dissolve it in water before the tallow is put in, and then ; melt the tallow in alum water; with | frequent stirring and it will clarify and ! harden the tallow so as to .make a most beautiful article for either summer or w inter use, almost as good as sperm. If the wick be dipped in spirit of tur pentine, the candle will reflect a much more brilliant light. LITERARY GOSSIP. Mr. S. G. Goodrich has been mated Consul at Paris in place Walsh, who has resigned. Mr. nom- of Mr. G. is mark, the more mixed our manures the i so many of our peach trees. Where better—this is the general belief among the farmers in England. To say noth ing of chemical aftinities, it is found they do not “ fire ” so much in dry wea ther—I have not found these mixed manures to fire my cotton in dry wea ther more than w here 1 have no manu res—besides furnishing a greater varie- j ty of food to plants, they are supposed i to correct one another. The reader will have noticed perhajis that there is one kind of manure not noticed above, hog manure. This has been omitted, not because I regard it of no importance, but because, as yet, 1 do not know any good plan, suited to our habits, for preserving it Every one must see that witli good management a large amount might be made from this source. But having tried uo plan that pleases me, I offer none—hut Mr. Edi tor, I w ill do this—I w ill be one of a club of 5 or 10 who will give silver cup worth $10 for the best essay on mak ing hog compost, to be published in your columns—a committee of three In-ing appointed by the club to award the premium if they think the essay merits it, and to withhold it if it does not merit it—the plan should have a due regard to the health and thrift of the hog. Such a one, giving us all his manure without hurting his health, would be worth a dozen silver cups. And now Mr. Editor to conclude— if is said of Lord Clive, Governor of British India, when on trial before Par liament for extortion, in making his de- i fence, after showing *1*®* ***•». •■-hole of me treasury of India lay at his feet and at his disposal, that he exclaimed, “good God, Mr. Chairman, a* ilue mo ment I stand amazed at my own mode ration !” Does not the farmer of Lau rens district, when he surveys his im- meuse resources for improveing his lands, like Lord Clive, stand amazed at his own moderation in using them! Franklin. now. By the way, that same John Moore, and the anecdotes you told of him, gave me the idea of a bagabond character, Direh Schuyler, in my Knickerbocker history of New York which I was then writing. “You tell me the old school honse is tom down and a new one built in its piace. I am sorry for it. I should have liked to see the old school house once more, where, after my morning literary task was over, I used to come and wait for you occasionally until school was dismissed, and you used to promise to keep back the punishment of some little tough broad bottomed ganization, to have cravings for alcohol- Dutch boy until 1 should come for my amusement—hut never kept you pro- : mise. I don’t think I should look with a friendly eye on the new school house | however nice it might be. “Since I saw you in New-York I have had severe attacks of bilious in termittent fever, which shook me ter rible ; but they cleared out my system i and I have ever since been in my usual excellent health, able to inouut niy horse and gallop about the country al most as briskly as when I was a yonng- ! ster. Wishing you the enjoyment of ! the same inestimable blessing, and beg- > ging you to remember ma to your daughter who penned your letter, and to your son whom out of old kindness Pat, soon found which were the ones Pat wanted out ‘'Phis Is the first one,’ says Pat, ‘ an that is the second one, Plaze pull the second one out first’ ‘Very well,' replied the doctor, ’any way to get them out’ And he pulled. Before he had time to fix the instru ment for the other tooth,—the first one —Pat had got out of the chair, and was edging towards the door. ‘I guess, doctor, I won’t have the first tooth pulled till it aches, an ye for nothing. Pat mizzled, and the doctor pocketed the joke instead of the fee. The Man who Fiddled Himself into Congress.—Major Cochran, who is now, or was quite recently, living in Oswego, New York, and who was a member of the house of Representatives drou of drunken |mrciits is solely to be during the administration of the elder attributed to the trample every day set Adams, used to say that he fiddled him- before them. While we willingly yield *eU' hdo Congress. A short time pre- that w icked examples have a dreadful ' ious to his election, a vessel was to he tendency u|H*n the young, we cannot launched in Seneca Lake, at Geneva, see why it is that the drunkard cannot and it being an unusual event, people this constitutional ailment to came from afar to see it. The young differing altogether from the patient’s ordinary sleep, and recognized by him as the cuhninntihg point of his disorder. At present I have two patients who ap- |>oar to inherit a tendency to unhealthy action of the brain from mothers addict ed to drinking; and another, an idiot whose father was a drunkard.” Dr. Howe, in his report to the legislature of Massachusetts, on idiocy, says, the parents of the 300 idiots in the hospital, are “known to be habitual drunkards.” .Such parents, it is affirmed, give a weak and lax constitution to their children, who are pre-disposed by their very or y prone to ic stimulus; and Dr. Carpenter says such children are “especially intemperate habits.” And yet many are disposed to look upon this doctrine as an absurdity, and say that the intem|ierance of the chil- well qualified by tastes and experience iln ^ companionship you have named al ter me, “I remainin ever, my old for the post. A characteristic letter of Washington Irving has got into the papers through the Kinderhook Sentinel, written to his friend Jesse Menvin of that town the original “Ichabor Crane” of the “Sleepy Hollow” legend. It might lie printed as a pleasant gossiping note to Mr. Putnam’s next edition of the Sketch Book:— Sunny Side, Feb. 12. 1851.—“You must excuse me my good friend Mer- win, for suffering your letter to remain so long unanswered- You can have no idea how many letters I have to an swer, besides fagging w ith my pen at my own literary tasks, so that it is im for me to avoid be ins lief hand In my corresjKinder letter was indeed most w elcome—cal- linjf up m it did the recollection of plea sant scenesand pleasant days passed to gether in times long since at Judge N an Ness’s, in Kinderhook. Your mention of the death of good old Do minie Van Ness, recalls the apostolic zeal with which he took our little sinful community in hand when he put up for a day or two at the Judge’s; and the wholesome castigation he gave us all Sunday beginning with the two me, 1 friend* dially Washington Irving Jesse Merwdn Esq.” [Literary “Yours very trnly and cor- World one y _ country belles who came fluttering into : makes the following statement: “The j they whispered to the young rose and TRANSPLANTING FRUIT TREES. It matters little ns to the time, (after the first frosts in the fall, and before* the Iwds open in the spring,) if the work is well done. Having obtained the trees, keep their roots moist until proper holes ing with the Judge himself, can be prepared; dig them not less than stronghold of his ow n mansion, eighteen inches deep and four feet square, place the soil and subsoil sepa rate, using only the top soil, to which, if not good, add well rotted manure or leaf mould sufficient to make it of good tilth. Fill the hole until the tree will stand no deeper than formerly; after this, place the roots in their natural po sition, and pack the fine mould close From the Spirit of the Age. TEMPERANCE UEDERITARY. Of the may astounding truths concer ning the effects of alcohol upon the human system, which have been brought to light by medical skill and observa tion, there is not one, ;>erhaps which has been received with so little credu lity as the doctrine that drunkenness is hereditary—that it is imparted from bind- i parents to children. By most persons, I our ; the idea is regardotl as ‘the offspring of over-enthusiastic minds, rather than a W'ell attested truth, corroborated by the evidence of the most celebrated physicians, both of the old and new w orld. Nyr is the doctrine a novel one, but comes to us sanctioned by the ex perience of antiquity. Thus Plutarch says—“ One drunkard begets another” —and Aristotle remarks that “ drunk en women bring forth children like un to themselves.” And Dr. Browne, a distinguished physician of a later day, impart Ids offspring ns well as any other. Chil dren partake of the tempers, disposi tions and ways of their parents in oth er particulars, and why not in this? The best of medical writers of the present day, term intemperance a disease !— and cannot a disease lie communicated? The “disease,” says Dr. Carpenter, “does not consist in the mere act or habit of beafcniing intoxicated, hut in irresistible impulse which drives the unhappy being to do that which he knows to Ik* pernicious and wrong and ysms, gust folks gathered there determined to haw a dance at night A fiddle was pro cured, hut a fiddler w as wanting. Ma jor Cochran, then quite a young man was an amateur jierformer, and hisser. vices w'ere demanded on the occasion- He gratified the joyous company, and at the supper-table one of the gentle men i.‘marked, in commendation of his talents, that he was “fit for Congress.” The hint was favorably received by the company, the matter was “ talked up,” and he was nominated and elec- which in the intervals of his parox- ted to Congress for the distret then com- s, he views with loathing and dis- ' prising the whole State of New York west of Schenectady. The incident is With these facts staring them in the j related in Lossing’s Field Book of the face, how can heads of families tamjier Revolution, with that which is sowing the seeds of disgrace, disease and death in the life blood of their own childemf Verily, they who do so, in the face of light and knowledge, must have a terrible account to give for the misery and ruin tlu»y may untail npnn the world. Pa rents! we beseech you, if you have no regard for yourselves, spare, oh, spare the innocent unborn w ho are to come after you, and entail not upon them the drunkard’s disease. CHARITY Night kissed the young rose, and it bent softly to sleep. Stars shone, and pure dew drops hung upon its bosom, and watched its sweet slumliers. Mor ning came with its dancing breezes and the school house during the sermon, decked out in their city finery, and end- in the ........... ............... How soundly he gave it to us, how he peel ed off every rag of selfrighteousness with which we tried to cover ourselves aud laid the rod on the bare backs of our consciences! The good; plain- spoken, honest old man ! How 1 hon ored him for his sinipie, straightfor ward eamestnss ; his homely sincerity ! He certainly handled us with out mit- aniong them; then pniceed to fill in the ! tens; but I trust we are .ill the better earth until the hole is nearly full, then for it How different he was from the pour in a tiallon or two of water to brisk, dap|K*r, self-surti'-ient little apos- sottle the earth still closer about the tie who cantered up to the Judge’s door roots; and finally fill up until a mound a day or two after: who was so full of table to disease of the substance of the is raised three or four inches around himself that he had no thought to lies- brain. drunkard not only injures aud enfee bles his own system, but entails mental disease upon his family. His daugh ters are nervous and hysterical; Ids sons are weak, wayward, eccentric, and sink insane under the pressure of excitement, of some unforseen exigency, or of the ordinary calls of duty. This heritage mav he the result of a ruined and diseased constitution, but is much more likely to proceed from that long- continued nervous excitement in which pleasure was sought in the alternate exaltation of sentiment and oblivion, which exhasted and wore out the men tal powers, and ultimately produced it awoke joyous and smiling. Lightly it danced to and fro iu all loveliness of health aud youthful innocence. Then ! entno the ardent sun-god, sweeping from the East, and he smote the young rose wilh his scorching rays, aud it fainted. Deserted and almost heartbroken, it droo|K*d to the dust in its loneliuess : and despair. Now the gentle breeze, w inch had been gamboling over the sea pushed on the home bound hark sweep- i ing over hill and dale—by the neat cottage and still brook, turning the old mill, fanning the brow of desease, aud frisking the curls of innocent childhood, came tripping along on her ernui4p of 3 tripping j imbecility and paralysis, both attribu- mercy and life; aud when she saw the young rose she hastened to kiss it, aud re- the tree, so that when the earth settles, ~ ~mm I ♦here may be ’Urt HHow left. If the mould is filled closely among the roots, tile atoms. “ Nothing, he says, in all the store house of nature can surpass this com post for all agricultural parpoaes—it stimulates germination and strengthens the growth of plants—to the husband man, it is infinitely superior to all the guanos or new-fangled manures that ever taxed his credulity—estimate the value of your cotton seed as one to four •f the com crop, dec. Treasure your seed as so many atoms of gold.” The following is said to be pretty nearly identical with Bomer’a(a patent) •manure—At was furnished same years •go by a friend in Fairfield, one of the largest and most successful planters in ithat thriving district—with this, he in- I formed me, he manured neariy his whole com crop, dropping a pint on or near the grains of com in the drill before covering. From this manage ment his last crop had made him on an average a load per acre—much of his land was hiUy, stony, and not very rich. I Proceed as follows: Into a square pen eight rails high, not alternate wagon loads of leaves and litter from the woods, the more rotten the better; and well rotted manure from the staldes and yards, until the pen it full—pour 60 gallons of a liquid made of tbe following ingredients, over Place a Make some five feet long, over them (.which is best done as the tree is set,) bustling, sd to which tie the tree, remembering to cross the band that the tree may not tow on our religions delinquencies; who did nothing but boast of his public trials of skill in argument with rival preachers of other denomination, and how he had driven them oil'the field, and crowed You must remember the onfident little man, with a the handle of his riding ich I presume he blew the rub against the stake; remove any litter that may inddtw uiice ,to harbor near and knaw the bark during winter When the frost is out in the spring, mulch the trees well, by placing as much litter as one can carry around each tree, which secured by spreading some soil thinly over it. This is very necessary to guard against our fre- C ent droughts. Trim your trees till »re remains not more than one third of last season's growth, and after pruning, we would advise to give but little, and the first season none, that the side shoots may strengthen the stock. Keep the ground cultivated between the trees with summer crops, and permit no grass to grow near them. Persons doubing the necessity of our method of transplanting have only to give it a fair trial in the contrast with any other, and we feel assured they will find it m the end much tbe cheap est. Lange holes we consider indispen sable to secure a quick retain for the outlay. Thirtv-three feet is consider ed a suitable distance to plant apple trees, but when there is much room we lion. *. ped: . f .Vn. s hlih How far the monomania of inebriety is itself a disease, and may be more the development, tbe consummation, than the commencement of a hereditary fondly bathed its forehead in cool freshing showers, and the young rose revived, and looked up and smiled in gratitude to the breeze, but she hurried quiekly away; her generous task was tendency to derangement, this is not |K*rfcirmcd, yet not w itliout reward; for tin tram whip with trumpet ii “Do you remember our fishing ex- ition in company w ith Congressman an Allen, to the little lake a few lies from Kinderhook; aud John Moore the vagabond admiral of the lake, who sat crouched in a heap in the middle of his canoe in the centre of the lake, with fishing rods stretching out in every direction like the long legs of a spider t And do you remember our piratical prank, when we made up for our bad luck in fishing by plundering his canoe of its fish when we found it adrift! And do you remember how John Moore came splashing along the marsh on the opposite border of tbe lake roaring at us, and how we finished our frolic by driving off and leaving the Congressman to John Moore’s mercy tickling ourselves with the idea of his being scalped at least! “Ah, well-a-day, friend Merwin, these irere the days of eur youth and folly) ^trust we have grown wiser and hSer since then; we certainly have grown older. I don’t think we could rob John Moore’s fishing eanee the place to point out; but there is eve ry reason to believe that it not only acts upon, and renders more deleterious, whatever latent may exist, hut vitiates or impairs the sources of health for several generations. That the effects of drunkenness are highly inimical to a permanent, heafthy state of the brain, is often proved at a great distance of time from the course of intemperance, and long after the adoption of regular habits. Sometime since I was called upon to treat a remarkably fine boy about sixteen years old, among whose relations no ease of derangement could be pointed out, and for whose sudden malady no cause could be assigned, ex- cept a single glass of spirits. His fath er, however, had been a confirmed drunkard, was subject to fits of deliri um aud depression, following inebriety, and died of delirium tremens. The boy recovered. His case pre sented many jioints of interest His head increased raudly, and the two hemispheres were of unequal size. The disease was intermittent, the patient, passing a week in incoherent madness, and the succeeding week in perfect tranquility aud consciousness. These states ware separated or connected by short profound sleep or lethargy, site soon perceived that a delicious fra grance had been poured on her wings by the grateful rose: and the kind breeze wafglad in heart, and went away sing- through the trees. Tims true ini rommiwiiproi Charity, like the breeze, gathers fra grance from the drooping flowers it re freshes, and unconsciously reaps a re ward in the performance of its offices of kindness, which steals on the heart like rich perfume, to bless and to cheer- SCENE IN A DENTIST’S OFFICE. A male represeutative frem the Em erald Isle enters, hat in hand, with— •The top o’ the morning to ye, sir, an’ 1 got a bad tooth, an’ Uie devil a bit o’ comfort can I get short iv a botlle o’ brandy; an I’ve got one o’ Father Matthy’s medals to kape me from all such evil spirite sure, what ’ll you pe axiu to pull me a tooth, sir!’ ‘Halfa dollar,’ says file doctor. ‘Well,’ says, Pat’ WhatJI y# pull two forf ‘Oh,’ replied th« doctor,’ I won’t charge you anything for pulling the second one.’ Pat seated himself, turned up his mug and the doctor took a peep at his giin- ders, and with a littk* assjMancr worn GEMS (IF T1IUGIT. Gr.tves are but the prints of the foot steps of the angel of eternal life. There is no grief without some bene ficent provision to soften its intense ness. There is hut a breath of air and a beat of the heart lH*twixt this world and the next. Never court the favor of the rich, by flattering either their vanity or their vices. W hen you think how good your pa rents are, just think how much better must that being be who made them. Speak with calmness and deliberation on all occasions, eapeciully in circum stances which tend to irritate. Frequently review your conduct and note your feelings. There is only one objection to people who 'mean well,’ and that is, that they can never spare time to carry out their meaning. How is it possible for the Sons of Temperance to live in accordance with their motto of lore and miily, while there are so many divisions among them ? Sarah (Abraham’s Sarah) is the only woman, it is said, whose age, at the time of her death, is mentioned in the Holy Scriptures. Now-a-davs, the great difficulty is to And out a woman’s age in her life-time. A husband recently tried soft soap to smooth the harshness of his wife’s tongue. It took off a little of the harsh ness, but made it run faster. There is a young lady in this city who thinks it “excessively vulgar” to speak of the tale in a new spajK-r. She calls them “ imaginary fictions.” “I say, Jim, what mechanical work did you first do asked one darkey of another, “ Why, why, cut teeth, oh course,” replied the other, instantly. The seed of love can never grow hut under the warm aud genial influence of kind feelings and affectionate manners. The apparent motion of the earth is from the rising to the setting sun, when her real motion is from the setting sun towards the rising. So is it with man he fancies himself journeying from lil** to death while in fact he is traveling from death unto life. If there be a situation wherein wo- man may be deemed to appropriate an gelic attributes, it Is when she ministers as only woman can, to the wants and invalid! M the woaknsss of the invalid! Whose hand like hers can smooth his pillow ! whose voice so effectually ailencea the querulousneaa of his temper, or soothes the anguish of bis disease t Proffered by her, tbe viand hath an added zest, and even the nauseous medicament is diverted of its los