The palmetto leader. (Columbia, S.C.) 1925-196?, March 20, 1926, Page FOUR, Image 4
P'
The Palmetto Leader
If Published Weekly By
The Palmetto Leader Pub. Co
IMfl AggTTMRIV
?COLUMBIA. S. C.
- ;
; ? Entered at the Post Office at Colum
bia, Sr C.,?aa Second XLlaai Uer
TELEPHONE 1 46iSi
N.vi. FREDERICK, ___Edito
? A.. B. LINDSEY, ^ Managing Edijto
J. B. LEWIE __?___Fraternal Edito
W. FRANK WILLIAMS \^_
_*-- - :? T^ohtrlbutifig Edito
HENRY D. PEARSON ...City' Editoi
GEO. H. HAMPTON, ?Manage
vi?THSfiRlHTl()N'RAYFysr ~
CASH IN ADVANCE.J
Ope Year ? $2.01
8ix Months - - 121
Three Months 1".?
^ jingle Copy- - 1-_ ?_ ?? Qi
- Advertising Ilul.ua 'given on. appli
cation.
Communications intended foi
the current isSue 411 ust read
this office, (if out of town) no
later than Tuesday night. " Ci
ty news by Wednesday night
SATURDAY MARCH 20, X92\
: Anywa<y,the Negrehas gi vei
to America, Spirituals, Folklor*
and Dances.
, ' a. - e
Congressman Otis Wingo o
Arkansas says: "The distinctivi
genius of the American peopl
is their ability to ultimately
Bolve any problem that vexe
? -them." Alright, its gettirfj
-time for the Negro problem to bi
solved. Or is it, that it "is no
??^ vexing thp Amprpn ppr>p]p, bit
only a small part of them-?an*
the least important part at that
: ; V' ?
... \ . ..
, A few more churchmen , lik
Bishop Edwin H. Hughes of th
Methodist Episcopal' Churcl
1J . *
vvuuiu soon oring it about tha
this nation would seem a Chris
tian one in more than name onl>
lie is but as one however cryinj
in the wilderness. His denun
ciation o? narrowness, snobbish
ness and meanness before th
? - Nq?r Jersey Conference was lik
unto John, the Baptist's denun
? ciation of j pin. .
Rev. Solomon?Porter Hoot
Minister to Liberia, has returnee
to this country on a supposed!;
leave of absence. AVhile away
white man* has been placed 1:
? chayge-of affairs. While it is dc
nied, yet it looks as if the U. ?
Minister to Liberia is to be?
white man, thus depriving th
race of the only diplomatic posi
tion'it holds. The one hundre
dollars invested by Firestone i
?.,1,U T ! ' -
i uuuei in l^ioeria is no douJb
. responsibleTfte
staid old State of Virgin!
has gone crazy on the segrega
tion idea. Her legislature ha
__ passed a law aimed particularl,
at Hampton Institute becaus
some high and mighty Nordic
were not given particular seat
'. at some concerts they voluntari
7 ly attended, "" lt~ is"iinflef stop*
that other annoying and joker
like l&ws are to be~proposed. Th
chief business of white Iawmak
ing these days and time seem
to "be~th^ passing of some kin*
of^restrlctlve and hurruliatini
measure aimed at colored people
Before this frenzy passes, w
expect to see aome patriot in
? tu i e-eiishitu Ito
colored race. Great is a demo
cratic form of government as i
exemplified in these latter days
o
THE NEGRO IS DISFRANCHISED.
Recently, the Rev. Sam Small
who, we believe, is an evangelis
addressed a questionnaire to th?
various Southern governors con
cerning the nullification of thi
14th and 15th Amendments. T<
be exact, the evangelist wantec
to know, among other things, i:
T there was any official nullifica
tion. Jupt how any man of or
dinary. intelligence could profes;
not to know that there could b<
fe- - no official nullification of these
amendment* ia itrange. Ol
m - ' ^ 4*
course, no Southern State has
enacted any law directly and specifically
contrary to these amend..ments
and the governors addressed
had ho difficulty in say1
ing there was 110 such law-;-ButJ
shooting is not the only, way to
* kill a mt-n, nor is a direct way al^wftyH-^hA-mannPr
in which things
i are done. The 14th and 15th ar
mendments are nullified in the
r South effectively by indirect mer
thods?under laws fair on" the
fkoe?-juid every one knows it,
r from the governors on down,'
r Every where, the world over,
"j where there is free government,
-lidiVfl lii-4J4U-AiiddTpt<w*?y^
3 done to encourage the citizens
^to participate in elections; In
> Australia, a compulsory ballot
1 I law ia in-operationala_the South,
* trie Jeer y7 intimidation and
J schemes of all kinds are resorted
r j to in order that at least half of
i its citizens might be deprived of
11 the privilege of choosinft. theofficiate
who are to tax them, collect
the taxes and spend it; the
men who legislate- concerning
g their lives. -There are thousands
; r,?nd hundred of thousands of Ne1
groes of education, character and
2 property throughout.the South
who are debarred from casting
^a free ballot the same as pauf
pers, criminals and the' insane,
e law^the country over.
e There is no-use for the Rev.
f Sam Smalls, the governors or
s any. one else tryipg to place a
j picture before the country req
presenting the Negro in the
t South having the privilege of ext
ercising a __free ballot, * which
i means voting in any and all elec?
tions'-and fer-whom one pleases^
One who desires information ak&lg
these lines should inquire
e of intelligent upstanding Ne^
groes,- not officials. Doing that
t a true picture can be gotten.
: GOU^WEDEL'S BUNK '
ry This erstwhile soldier of the
Kaiser of= Germany, who lived
f.1 near Columbia before the World
a War and owns some land here,
g or at least did, was a recent vis_
ltor. On his departure he issued
I what he calls? a "little piemorandum"
in which he purports to
[ .answer a number of questions
^ j which he'said were asked of him.
y i After getting toff some stuff
a which is intended* to flatter, and
n knowledge?of ?he
. South and what the Southern
j people suffered during the Reoco
French: "I dare; say that the
l_, German opeople in those towns
d-Whit'll are occupied by French
n troops are making similar cxpcrj.
rience; most especially \vRe-n colored
French troops?Senegalese
and Moroccans?are employed.
a No white woman is safe to show
. 'herself on the slreet. I feel sure
o
a that everv Sonthprripr will
_ ? ... OJ.ll
y pathise with Germany on this
e point." The wily German thinks
gjhe has struck a chord of sympa3
t.hv when hg Talks" about""Recon;_'struction
and "no white woman
^ being- safe." But there is no
. pompfirinon nvp.n ifLwhat. hp says
e were real facts about' the French
_}troops. _ Reliiable investigations
? have already branded the French
^ storv as pure bunk and German
^propaganda. Perhaps the Count
j thinks the Southern people don't
read or take pains to inform
.[themselves. But getting back
. ! to Rprnrrr.triict.ion. ^ Would
J like for the Count to say just
3 where and when was it that Sou;>ithern
white women were'not
Isafe or dared to show thpmeplvpa
on J,he streets? Of all the sins
laid to RecQnstruction, that was
not one. Certainly colored sol&
diets did riot molest any of the
t women that the Count would
e 'hE'Ve us believe. , 1 .
-J The colored people are having
e enough to bear as it is, and they
3 do not care to have foreigners
1 concocting things that exist in
f distorted imaginations, especial-jly
one who belongs to a Nation
v that"cared neither for God, man
3 or woman as its acts in, the late
ijwar demonstrated*- And the
3 Count was1 a member of the Gert|man
army which violated every
rr? ; THE PALMET
idea of humanity and decency. |
Reconstruction at its worse was 1
ideal besides Europe when the'!
["NEGRO EDUCATIONAL PRO- 1<
I ORES IN SOUTH CAROLINA." n
I (Continued from Page One)
rational teachers under the SmithHughes
Law if the State is to profit
by this Federal appropriation, as it
has already profited by. previous apl
pmpriatfons under the Land-Grant
Acts, the Experiment Station Acts,
and the Farm Demonstration Acts. j
The movement for the industrial,
'education of. Negroes has been thor-[
! oughly Established throughout the.
South. In the furtherance of this
jbeen glad fo cooperate with private
philanthropic agencies now contributing
to many of our Negro schools.
[The work, however, needs the care-.
ful scrutiny and approval of our best.
'educators, "^the Negro enrollment is
now the chief factor in the distribution
of" Che ffiree-mill constitutional
.tax. As long as school funds mustj
be apportioned on the basis of en- \
^rollment, this factor cannot-be-ovor?llyoked
by school officials. Health, in- i
telligence, industry, economy and conservation
among both races would be
greatly promoted if?the Negro
schools .could be put on a better basis.'
This can be done more readily by {
t?improving?the?standard of Npgrn t
teachers." . > 77
In- September 1917, Swearington
called a conference of School
Principals and College Presidents .at
[the State College to discuss the sta
tuS of "Negro schools with a view of
.formulating plans for organizing and
standardizing high school departments.
*At this meeting was presented
ilr. J- H. Brannun, the first
. State Ageht for Negro Schols, recently
appointed. This was" the initial
' step'of a movement totv^irds the betterment
of our schools in every way.
The Orangeburg Conference was.
the foundation of a better understand
ing between our educational leaders
and the State Board of ~ Education, i
continuing today with increasing effect.
: Following the World's War, in the,
general reconstruction, of^the social, i
!economic, and industrial fabric, the,
loss of efficiency .in education brought |
forward a consciousness that^Aiie fu- ;
turc of all schools was the- future
of our moral, economic and civic dei
n1npi-.rr.-nt, In fnnt |hp. . people pf.
South Carolina had conic to believe,
in state-wide public education as they |
-utrnw-vv?in uu uliil'i :U.cj.vtfrnrncntai institution.
And from that epoch the
nf i^i^- schools has been.most
remarkable, under the wTscantf*- ullicient>
leadership of our present State
A Rent, Mr. J. B; Pel ton, -whrf -succeeded
Mr. Brannun in li)18.
The Legislature began making a
special annual appropriation of $15,sehools
with the general sup pi em erf- .
tul effect of stimulating a spirit of
local community help. Previously no
'jetl'ort aloTtg~tliis line had been- made^
This npprrtjiriqtion was an incentive;
and from that beginning has grown a
improvement, resulting in ihe WlllU!
spread desire for better schools everywhere,
aided-by the generbsity of
Mr. Julius Rosenwald.
| . CONTRIBUTING AGENCIES.
As just stated the prime and most
important siep forward in Negro Education
in >South Carolina was the
creation of a State Agent through cooperation
with the General Education
Board. Until 1P24 Mo Felton was
tVlP nn!v jurpnt 1 r\ lVtn TTiol/l T?ir>o11\r
~another ""workefwas loaned-the-State
in the person of Kir. Walter 15. Hillr '
of Atlanta, Georgia, who with excellent
spirit, helped to put over a
~p>-"g''Mm fi'i- hum v>>Tir which resulted
in splendid achievements,
Last July, the General Education
Board enabled the appointment1???
' Mr. W. A. Schifhey, as Assistant to
GSTr. Fellon, wh^se activities as Sup?
'erintendent of Education of Orangeburg
County attracted State-wide attention
by Tits effective worhr irr building
Negro schools 'hnd extending
[length of terms in that county.
Going T>rt?T< J\ liffTcv marker} pro;gross
in rural schools within our bor'ders
was brought about largely thru
, the Jeanes Fund, under the direction
-of Dr. James H. Dillard. This Fund
j was established by a Quaker woman 1
jof Philadelphia"*^ 1908, who left her
fortune to be used for the upbuilding
lof the rural Negro school. At first,
1m _V-T_ ?r=?? ?-? ?
i tirts jMun wus lu employ a leacnery j
trained in handicraft, to go from
school to school, and give; instruction j
as was done in many. of the city
. schools, in order to make them more
(influential' in building home ideals
and increasing economic efficiency,
loiter a plan was. worked out to emt
ploy-^-supervising indusrtial teacher^
(who would visit regularly the schools
in his county, Prganiz^the people for
aelf-halp in improving and equipping
the schools, and help the teachers to
'introduce the simple industries.
The results of these rural super via
TO LEADER
; : tj
Count's ?>rmy had the upper
hand. Let the Belgian and
French women testify.
" \
?rs are indeed remarkable. In sever-!
al communities they have, with the
reoperation of-Teachers^-raised mnhoy.
to fence' in the school grounds and
uccomplish other splendid things.'
Girls have been taught simple sew-1
' ing,?cooking, gardneing;?eanning-H
and the boys have learned simple I
carpentry, gardening, etc. .Parents
have been aroused and interested in j
" ;things made by the children, and
many homes have been made more
comfortable and attractive by the
mats, cabinets, scarfs and curtains,
the idea of which originated under1
the instruction of the supervisor."!
The punils have been given a greater;
contideneti ltl their ability to do things
and the parents h greater pride in
the home which, after all, is the first;
step in building a real civilization. I
Another fundamental step in the
progress of Negro-education imSouthCarolina
has been through the aid Of
the John F. Slater Fund, established
in 1882. v This fund, headed also by
Doctor Dillard, has glided -many private,
institutions aifd is now primarily
interested in. developing"7 ar better
teaching force for the public schools.
Since many of the rural school teachers
are drawn from high~^school pupils,
it is' necessary fhathigh school
pupils have proper training in pedagogy,
and this the Slatei" Fund attempts
t(j supply so fas a3 conditions
pernjit.
Still another advanced step influencing
JNegro education in our Commonwealth
has been taken by the
General Board of Education under
the leadership of Doctor Wallace Bu*>
trickV The Boai'd has been very generous
in contributing to several of
the- larger schools and colleges of_
the State. Avhich-has meant much towards
constructive work in making
the schols efficient. . I
The school equipment has ' been
gruntly?improved?through the help
and inspiration given by Mr. Rosenwald.
Ilis assistance has^ been . a
blessing ot the State,?to the South
luna. ~*-ne nosenwald1 building program
|ias accomplished much in that
it has brought jrressure on the County
Boards to provide more .adequately
for us, stmiulated u? to contribute
more liberally af Jour own means, and
given an impetus, to rura^ education
heretofore unknown. " '
During 11)25, 78 nfcw buildings, 3
additions and 1 teachers' home were
erfec'ted &l a total cost' of-$479,809.00.
Of the total cost .the Negro contributed
$79,320.00, white people $19,950.00,
counties _and~ dietriets $244,978.00,
State Building Fund $59,550.00, and
ii i n .iinj^jiil.i Fn...i fTnnnqnq
There were orrty five one-Toonf buildings
erected..mThe average building
contains three and one-half class
rooms, making a total of 275--class
rooms. At present thpre is at least
one Rosenwald school in every county
of the Slaie except six, and some of
these^wiil have -new buildings erected
during the present year. South Car - dina
has lad Jill Southern states in
construction of. Rosenwald schools
slrice Joxl5 last: ??
f rom the 1025 Report of the State
Siipovintpmlcnt of WG glean
the following encouraging facts:
"The length of the school year for
1024 was' 119 days; for 1925, 142
days; so that our schoojs almost average
stx-months term ,for the first
time in ^hq history .of the State. In
the matter of consolidation there has
been some progress.' In 1924, there
were 18G8 one-teacher Negro schools
whife a year later there were only j
1721^of.such schools, showing a de-j
crease of 156. Judging' frpm this de"Ij""
if """ yn,ari j* nntnrnl tr? pv.
pect that one-room schools will be
reduced to a minimum.
There has been a graduat frund
towards increases in income outlay
per capita expenditure, and salaries
as well as new buildings. It is re-j
grettable, however, that there has
been little improvement in the teach-!
ing personnel for very few grades
of certificates of teachers have been
J
As to enrollment we find for 1924-j
25, a total of 243,977, an increase dur-,
eight years of 22,149.
This Increase is more ndtiCSa^f6,",lTr^
towh than Tn rural schools, due, no,
doubt, to migration. As to the num-:
ber of teachers the increase has been
slight within the past two years,?
only 355 or 9.65r/c. Of thisf number
SOV-were able-to-obtain only third-j
grade certificates. In the matter of:
Bnloriaa, oqlnrod tpnphera mod* ft pain |
of $84.TltF per teacher during the past j
year. The teaching load shows a very 1
slight decrease,?' from 62 to 58 pu- j
pils per teacher.
In spite of the present upward trend !
of great improvement notably in
buildings and equipment, however^'
there have been losses in the amount i
of work done by pupils, and this may 1
he attributed largely to one source,? j
poor teaching. Poor teaching has
drivel, and is still driving, pupils out
of our schools. This weakness can!
' . , - ^ 1
b? tracsd to two sources: (a) lack'
o-f academic preparation, (b) lack of 1
professional training in the knowledge (
of children. So long as such a large,[
peh cent of our children must be <
-taught by teachers? folding second 1
grade certificates, third grade certicates,
and permits, just so long might'|t
-we?expect ft corresponding number ;<
of pupils to drop out, baffled, con- t
fused, and discouraged. , - 1
A table prepared by- the flepart- 5
hient Of Education -shown- the pas- -i
cent of pirpils--enrolled in the gradejj {
for the scholastic year 1924-25 for
both races. A ghrtioe at the data ]
shows that, more than fifty per_il?nL 1
of the Negro pupils are enrolled in '
the first two grades. Less than foilrj
per cent are enrolled in the high <
school grades of all schools accredit- 1
ed and non- accredited. '
What is tfyo cause^of this contra- <
nP it... ..""..r v?nTiirn| pTentat "i
developement ? In a word, the answer
is found in the old saying: "As
is the teacher, so is the school." This i
gnawer- ictis u^ wxicxti ,io jook. ior tne ?
"problem; "jfffoes nub solve It.?Toach~-1
ers are an- effect of social conditions >
before, they are a cause of schools.
To find out what is the matter with
the schools, we have to find out what
js^the matter, with the tcachers;_to i
|find out what is the'mattet' With the 1
teachers, we have to find out what is
the mater with the communities,
Expenditures and Term"."
..In 1917 therc was spent on Negro
[children' for all purposes; $403,006.93. 1
In 1925, there was spent $1,704,722.67.
~In 1917, the lengthterm was 67
jdnys. In 1925 the term had?been;
lengthened to nearly twice that of
1917?114 days.
i Examinatoiis , y
j In the spring examination of 1925,1
!Negro applicants numbered 848; 91
men and 757- women. Of this nnmbpr
223 earned certificates while 625 failed
Among them no men ..and only one"
woman received?first- grade?eertifi? ;cates,
none"~at yall received secondI
grade; 21 men and 201 women received
third-grade certificates. Thus
only 36 pnr cent passed while 74 per
j cent .failed, J,
| "Of the 4,032 colored teachef's tn the
State, 2,192, or 54 per cent hold firstgrade
certificates; 718, or 17.81 per
icent hohj second-;*rade certificates;
1 122 or 27.83 per cent hold third-grade
certificates. The number of permits
is indefinite. On the other hand, 10,4
482 white teachers-hold first-grade
certificates. There is a surplus of
| white teachers for only 8,339 are need
ed to do the of the white schools.
Whereas we are short of- 45.G4 per
[cent" ih fffsp~cTa s st h or 9.^ ~?Summer
Schools
During the past.eight years summer
schools for -Negroes have jffewn in
number anil efficiency. Last year there1
?" T-Wh ?-ovp pnrn|lnd
1,100 or, 152 more-than-one-fourth of j
ourt total _ number . of teachers. -These
schools expended about $12,000.00, de-1"
rived from the Generfil" Education
Board, State County and. Private
'sources.
| The Summer Schools should be the
Life Saving Stations to the 'teacher.
It is hoped that some compulsory force
might -be exerted to pvry pnh(lie
school teacher attend a summer
l.-cluml at least one year during the life of
his or lidr .certificate.
j : High Schools - *
I It is recorded that ohr high-schools
are doingw good work. They started I
from a small beginning several years i
i ago, and now there are nearly twenty
regular high schools, Others are be-!
ing added as fast as conditions .war-,
rant, buildings erected sufficient to
take care of the work, and?eu;>al>lo teachers
may !be found.
County Training Schools
Under certain conditions only one
county training school can be allowed *
to- the county. 1 yi".\r fnnr \vrM-p
added to the list; eight will be added
before the close of the present scholastic
year, and still other's will be
put on as Sfaon as physical *planti._
sufficient to care for the work can be
Vocational Training.
During the past year progress has "
tB. A. BL
- TXlfjffr
. ! _ 1 ill Ll\f
Dry Cleaning, Pre:
Hals Cleaned and i
For and Deliver,
'ashingion Si., i'hi
?*h*H??*V!?^!^!?<* !?<!***?
'; . WHEN IN COLUMI
BROADWAY 1
:; EVERYTHING SANITA
L U_ FISH anc
IN SE;
} D. W. WOC
1108 Washington Street,
aft - i - ?-t? ?
Saturday March 20,-1926.
. M.
ieen made in every line of vocational .
idilcatiori. ? __ ?_?
"Colored teachers of agriculture are
;raied at the State College, Orange-,
mrg. Seven graduuted in Jast year's
nnil mine than thirty attended
he Summer Session there. At present
forty-two workers are employed in
;his field. Twenty-rive specially pre- ?
pared Home Economics workers were
sent out in last year's class also from
h<> Stntc College to give-instruction
llong this. line. _. ?
Projects were conducted during the
past year in field and garden crops,
poultry and animal industry in which
tvere enrolled 1,170 boys *"and girls,
file income from these projects netted
?112,030,37. It may be. of interest to
know that Among crop returns were
1,142 chicks; 4,003 eggs; 22,380 lbs
jf bacon. 10.444 bu. of enrn: 1.090 hu ;
" f-pmTwt-g nn.t ?,TM WMI HI'IIII'lllllS.
Adull Schpuls
The Supervisor's Report of current
issue states that the increase demand
on the part of whites forced a cur
Lailment of this work among Negroes
as is noted by the growth of white enrollment
and decrease of Negro enrollment..
In several instances vohmteec.
teachers were called upon, and
many responded. "Illiteracy in South v
Carolina- -Is?teda-y?chiefly " a Negro :
problem. If the State is to prosper ?
it must do so on the progress of the .. '
masses rather than the few. Fifty-one
per-cent of population is Negro.and j
of that number twenty-nine per-cent ?* ^ r
is illiterate. This means that practically
one-half of the population has
low productive ability, thus a low.
purchasing capacity, which in turn
is reflected in all business. If the abilitv
to read-1 and write be' valuetL?
economically at fifty -cents ncriay.
South Carolina loses annualy' around
$33,OOQ.OO, Because-of the illiteracy of
ounpeople," The Report further says, i
"Thtrctrre of white illiteracy will fail
ta makcLa literate. S^tatb-for "the great
mass of illiteracy among the Negroes
will continue to keep the status low.
It is the duty of the StafS~to provide
all its neonle with an pluniftntnin) o/iii- ?
cation which makes for better living. ^
seekjng better salaries andlietter educatioyal
advantages elsewhere."
Text Books
~ A Very nptieaBIe weakness of the .
Negro, school is poor equipment, but,
perhaps the weakest, or one on the
weakest, point is the maladjustment of
the course,of study. Most of the Negro
children are located in the rural
districts. These children are being
taught from books made entirely by
J hev picture problems and situations
arising, in urban communities. The
City or town is glorified, while the rural
country is neglected. This tendency
makes the, average rural cbilcTlJis-.
satisfied w Ti3T his surrounding UHfl
desirous to get'a way from them. There " ' "
is need for te^ts for the urban child
which will give something of the best 'T
of rural life, and likewise something ] .
of the urban life for the rural child.
Until this can be brought about the
teacher* must . supply the missmg
naces. Tlmv ?
t. <>>v<nc uiu country
hoys an J girls to learn the beauty of :
nature, observe the. birds and trees,
bc.-s and?plants, and leach them to 1_
become .. interested in the " growing
mips"*'and full'ow~tleI3."" Cfllture and ~~ ~~
outlook on life are not determined by > the
kind of facts we have, half so
much as l>y the interpretation we
give to them. We may be taugflfc to
(Continued on Page Eight)
Martin & Thurman
.Electrical Contractors
LICENSED AND BONDED
Thones 672^654^? 1
ColumbiarS?-C,
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blocked. We Call J J' o J
i>ne 3&14 Columbians, <j. I I
MA, EAT AT TJflE ~ '4 , "1? -J
DAIRY CAFE |
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