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Saturday^july 18, 1925. - BLOODY DAYS . BY CAPTAIN DANIEL SMITH ' (By The Associated Negro Preaa) -E4i4oi^rNotF.rThis is the final" installment of a series of artic_ - les written by Captain DarpeiA. Smith in refutation of the charges made by General Robert Lee Bullard that Negroes were cowards in the World War. Cap tain Smith in his previous articles has reviewed the deeds of the"368th Infantry and particularly the 3rd Battalion. He cited the handicaps under which the outfit operated and outlined in graphic terms the various discouragement's and difficulties heaped upon the Negro soldiers by important white officers. He has now reached-the^Court Mari ??- tial. r : -? . - .. i / _____ ? _ In accord with the report that we would be relieved by French ?soldiers at-3r30 ~ P. M. oil the twenty-ninth, we were replaced by a French"" Battalion. The ; Frehch officers were eloquent in their praise of our work and " heaped corhmendations upon the officers and men. The following day the company commanders of the 3rd Battalion were ordered to Reirimpnt al Headquarters to ascertain just why .the 3rd Battalion had failed to operate, as-it?should have. He then conferred with" each of the Officers except me. I asked Major Norris just why I was not questioned and he replied "You are not commanding any -company. Captain Peeks _ is in command of Company "K" and you are still under arrest." That was amusiinrin a way, to me, the statement that Cap_ tain is in ccfmmand of Company ^K" whon he had been wounded -J ?'' on the morning of the 26th and that date. After ! thoughtfoT the matter it dawned upon me just what this5 Major was en formed the Regimentat Commander as to the operations of his , - hftttalinp and had charged the n'ffipcra and men wi^ Following the interview, we returned to our~ commands andon November 3rd, I, along with ?four other'officers, was placed . under arrest and charged with cowardice. ; The coUrtmartial was held the next day and the evidence brought out was ridiculous, embodying confused- orders and the Major was caught in so many lies that the whole thing became a joke. Orders came to halt the proceedings. General Bullard in his article stated that he stopped the proceedings so he could investigate the evidence. Well, that was the reason. The charges could not be substantiated and Major IN orris had lied mtamously about ?the-actions of his men. We re= jbi1 fctht uijei reteastng u? ? from, arrest.- That was another indication of-his ignorance.?We der and now w^e being released by a Battaiyyrder. Novembei^6th I was again courtmartialed for shooting Sergeant Lucas, and was acquitted , and on November 7, the court/. . I martial for cowardice " was ret stimed. On the eighth we were sent back to our billets, and on November 10th the regi^nt !" moved to the front line. General Bullard stated that he coukl not tret the NegrcTto fight. I , He should have seen those Negro boys on that day eager to get j mto the frajvbut heing held in check. For the first time the L : ^fniary-pf into action and they did great work, k / Following theVourtmartial we , were sentenced to be shot for cowardice. The execution was held up and the case was reviewed in courts throughout France and in this country and finally ?the truth was known and we were 'exonerated. ir ?'; =? ?a ?. The General claimed that we would not fightr, but the records prove otherwise. The General declared us cowards but the records show the other side. The ?ener^-dfailed-to~4nention--theconditions under which the Negro soldiers were forced to fight and the co-operated and the organized method of discouraging the men and the effort to instill ih them a feeling^that their JNegro officers were ihefficient and ders were sent. Constant and concentrated efforts were made to break the morale of the men and to render them unfit for service, but in spite of all they went^ over the top and fought a fight and on JLheJaat day were in the the supreme sacrifice. RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY N. A. A. C. P. IN CONFERENCE AT DENVER T 9 = July 10?THe N. A. A. C. P. today made public the Resolutions adopted at the Sixteenth Annual Conference jii Denver. Colorado. "' . ;" f ' The Resolutions in part were as follows: Aims of the Association We have -before up-today five major aims: 1. The complete abolition of Jynching and mob law; trial democracy; 4. Better edu2. Political freedom; 3.'Induscation f 5. The absolute ending of segregation of all sorts based on race and color. Let no one think-that lynching is stopped in America as long1 as one victim every month is publicly murdered and eVCh bushed by mobs. There^ is no political salvation for the Negro as long as he is publican Party or by Tinyher. party ^ A free,, intelligent ba? lot is our one political salvation and no place, honor, or salary~is worth its loss. . I : ^ We stretch again hands working people of this land and the world, We would nnifp wit.h thenv as .equals and fellows striving through organization to make modern?fnduali'y xfembc^ ratic rather than autocratic, to end monoply andl)rivilege in credit and capital ?nd to make social welfare rather than individual wealth the end of all industry . . ., .; ?_ ' _ _ We are deeply alarmed at the Tack of commor schools for our children and we see widespread effort to deny "us high school training and to keep our talented youth out of colleges and professional schools. ? We believe in Humanity; we believe in the social and civic equality of all rpen; we will fight to the bitter end every. effort to separate, segregate and publicly humiliate* human beings of any kind, because of race or color, Wb are fighting lesldmilial segregation'in the last-ditch beTore-the Supreme Court of the United States." We are attacking disfranchisement in the South by bringing the white primary before the bar of natiohal justice. yhe Bullard Slander Resolved, that we note with disgust and resentment the attempt of General Robert Lee Bulhai'd uf Alabama -andTho-United States"Army To defame and discredit the men of the Ninety-seconJ^Division (Colored)* uf, the" American Expeditionary Forces in, France. A cloud of witnesses has arisen to overwhelm with denials this assailant of brave men anff faithful soldiers1; ft is not necessary for us to add to a refutation so complete and record our solemn protest against General Bullard's action as a hostile gesture, most improper in any army officer, from the element In the South that is dwelling, and as a gross, wanton THE PALM El insult to ton per-cent of the people that pay General Bullard his wages and whose servant he is. Haiti The National Association for the-Advancement of Colored People, assembled in its-"Sixteenth Annual Conference, respectfully reminds the^President of the^United States and its Secretary of -Setate that the independent and sovereign republic of Haiti is stiH occupied, in defiance of international l&w b^- American troops. We beg leave-to represent that all the purposes alleged as excuses for this illegal occupation have been achieved. Under the military power of the United States the constitution of Haiti one subsliluled. The American capnai i;nat sougnt advantages denied under the old constitution has made its desired investments under the new. American sugar corporations 'are how jugated country. We submit that in these conditions the-tjme has come for us to fulfill our belated obligations to this oppressed countryi?We therefore re~ jyuest that American troops be withdrawn from Haiti at once and the country restored to such of its people as still survive. Abolitionists _' In view of the .persistent and evidently concerted effort tp discredit the leaders of-'the great Abolition movement that freed this country from the terrible slavery, it is the sense of this Conference that wherever and tion should commemorate?the birthdays and public services of those noble and unsdfish men and women. HOUSTON BRANCH, N.AtATCt P, SECURES THIRB TRIAL FOR LUTHER COLLINS _ JulylO?Luther Collins, a coL .1922, diaiged with criminal assault upon Myrtle Davis, a white woman in' Houston; Ta.xay has been granted a third trial, accord da.y by the National Association o i l _ A . _i _ i e ^ ' ior rne Advancement or colored People, 69 Fifth Avenue, NewYork, Upon being tried the first time in Harris County, Texas, Luther Collins was given the death penalty. N. A. A. U. P. raised lunds for the employment of investigators ahd lawyers and succeeded in securing evidence casting grave doubt upon Collins' guilt. A nefw trial was secured which resulted in a mistrial, eight jurors standing for acquittal and four for a light penalty. When the jury could not agree, it was dismissed by the judge. Subsequently, Collins was tried again in Fort Bend County on a change of venue 3ml Was suntentiary. The- Houston Branc-fr took an appeal" from this decision to the Court of Criminal Appeals which court rendered a decision to the reverse.of the conviction and remanding the case for retrial because oT errors in the admission of certain testimony^ m June. The Court of Criminal Appeals, held in its opinion that the trial court erred in permitting Officer Reed fo testify that he "arrested _the defendahT^ecatfse he answered the description of the JNegro we had orders to pick up for the offense of criminal assault on a white girt." Such testimony should not have been permitted by the trial court, so the higher court's ruling held. This reversal carries the case over until the Fall and jt is felt that Collins will be freed either upon being brought to trial or through failure of the State to continue prosecution. ~~ThemagHouston Branch has had pro i-y. . ' ? <*. . :Wr^r.r, - ? L?."*, ' ' ' TO LEADER (found effect, upon the court authorities of Texas upon their re-alizing that Negroes cannot longer be railroaded to death with ! of the A. C. P. and the colored citizens of Houston have fi-"s nanced the defense from the be- 1 ginning to thC-Crah at.no t imp cal ' iling uporiNthe National Office for i I OUR STATE, | - - COLLEGE LETTER -i ? < ' Summer School Closing With'-) f? Glorious Record ? Real i School Life. ; 7 < i Orangeburg, July 17th?The , rgufflmer Quarter'. h?t State Col- ( ^lpgp r.fosniJ ypstprrlay with p j most glorious vpcnt-fl in nchiuvn?-( ments which is p credit to those , iwho^attendeTL-those who had , charge of the management and j those who did the teaching. .< There-is no. doubt about it all of , our peoblo shoufd be nroud uiUth ' great work being done at the.] College. Three hundred and , o ? 4 sixty teachers attended not coun- , ting 91 in the shurl courses-un- } der the Smith-Lever auspices ^ and the -10 men here last Aveek . for the course given by Mr. Verd .] Peterson for the Smith-Hughes ' workers. The work tn the se v-~*j eral departments showed results and pleased many spectators who. i saw .what the people did in the trade school. The literary"* work was just as good, if not bet- g ter. Some splendid ?teachers presented the work in every de- ? partnient and the good work done was the talk of the campus at all times. ^ J Three of South Carolina's- old- * jest teachers from point of ser- J j vice are here. Two are studying \ as students and the other is < i teaching courses. These~npted women are MissesTjlover and Satem and Mrs. Celia U. Saxon of . the-Columbia school system.Miss. 1 Savage ha&.bcen teaching ill tlieC Lincoln High schbot~~rir~Sumter I 47 years and she moves around 1 now with less age than some of ! uui girls In their 2Q's move tt- ' recess bells ring. 'Miss'THnv^i' has been teaching 40 or more ; years in Sufnter and Sumter' ' county and.Mrs. Saxon has a record of 40 or more years of faith-. ful service in Columbia. It is ? inspiration to me to see' these ; great women move around the > campus here and to witness the : excellent work they do asthach ; ers in their class rooms. In ; Sumter they have named the new 1 building Savage-Glover?school ! in honor of Miss Savage and Miss Glover * and to memorialize the-s fidelity of these "noted women ?? ,# ! < 4 : ii i ' am*, me mug miie mey-i. ,nave . * , taught in the schools there. It < would be a^firrethftig if Colum- < .bia were to name.the .next, new A building for Negro pupils?when < ever it is built the'?Saxon < li ram mar SciiooTnTTIonor of our * -uwn-^Irii._Celia_ivhLL ha>s made_^ much for our boys and girls in < the Negro schools of the Captial * City. She is worthy of any ~ consideration that might be gi- , ven her. 1 i "Stunt Night" at State College i was good and gave the teachers \ .needed recreation. Everybody \ .got a chance to laugh a*little or ? a great deal it' lie liked fto do str-* and no one present could refrain \ from langhing-even-if he wanted j to. If you have been to a stunt \ night affair you caji imagine what we hack*. Ours was real { \ &Lr , good from start.to finish and < some more. ^ *?Another teacher with a"great ^ record of sendee that is. uhique 1 jin itself is Professor J. S. Shank- ? Ifrrof Beaufort, "the principal-of ;the Beaufort bounty Training 1 school. ?or 20 years .has Mr. ? Shankliin headed this institu-; ;tion that has grown from plant | valued at $3,000 .to more than j $30,000: He lTas^ddne more to 'make useful citizens In Beaufort I ' -i-: - . J. ^ - \ * ' ^ County possibly-than any other one man. A large number ofTeachers at State this year took methods, in thesr?hnrd ^vTri,.\y vvas a new feature in the life of the summer school and one that meant much to all who took the work.? The Praet-icerSchuuhWES inder the direction of Miss Helen Usher another one of Sumter's oading teachers. Under her direction Miss Bynum of Columbia Uisses-fioff-ma-n-and- Pequett of Charleston and Miss Fair of Ab? jevilhr cmnductedTtTe^Iasses~and .aught the work- in methods Quoting Mr. Felton and~$fiv Jackson Davis after a visit to the Practice School: "if is being .reditiltjlo fehtUrO of "I he work )t' rhe summer school.1 It is inleecL-Worthya few minutes of your time to see Miss-Usher act ively engaged in the work here. She is some- critic t'eacher. Last Y ear the General Education boarq tried hard~tcTget her released from the Sumter vschool system but Mr. Edmunds would not release* her. Weiieed a TraTrtike Miss Uahot at Allen Univqrsity in Columbia?She is an asset to any. system employing her services. ???; " - '? ' ----[>RISONER CAUGHT WHILE ON "VACATION' For The Associated Negro Press. ~ Birmingham, Ala., July?PoL | - ? B.A.BJ ; ... TAILi I ? . Dry cleaning, Pr ; ?-. Hats Cleaned and For and Deliver. 1 1112 Washington St., Pi 4 ' "" ?'"V>X"K"X,w,X*wvvvw,X' P?e P4?one 602f> N. J. FR1 8?.. Attorney-at-Law i 1; ??Practiccm all Cour | 1110 Washington Street, X . :{ &<~XK~X~xkxxxxk~:~X~X~X~XmX* a ^ L" J. H. RO] \ _ , MERCH A? t Suits Mad( L_ 1 - TELEPH \ 1118'/> Washington Strreet. ! <-X-X-X^^*X-X-XX-X"X-X-X*<* F"~ *'mcraox^ao'oiaoo^o'aoo:<io ao.oj REESE'S D MRS. P. R. 1 A Full Liiig- of Pate Cigarettes anft Tohae ma&m c. J.T waiket Times. Ice Cream ar I ?-?~ PHON 3 1422 Assembly Street, s BSeoaaxwi^^ o;aoao.o | l> A < JL XI. t 1 v ' Cleaning, Pre* and Dyeing. 1017 Washington St., |~ ; ?~ ? ^Qgj^x>x>X8^ca^r^ax>^^oooo:ox>oooo:' ; WHEN IN COIAJJM b k^unwAv F11 -'--" FISITal | '' IfJ si D. W. WO * F 1108 Washington Street, . r? ^ - - : 7 1. ' icr Monday when they saw him goking into a vacant house, and discovered later, that he was a trusty,-serving a- seven-year sentence who had escaped. Tensley told the officers that he had not meant to stay away, that he * .only wanted to get a little "va^catipm"^ 7"~~~ NELSON'S BEAUTY ? PARLOR . Hair Dressing of An' . ' - |, l\f * - - josepninc Nelson, Mgr. 1317 Wheat St., Columbia, S. C. ?' ' ; 1 . Martin &c Thurman ? k Eiectr ical- Contractors ^ i?- ;rr^;r':' S; ' ... 44CfeNS?0-ANB-BQNDED ?~ J-v ' - - j""^ " . 7 ; s. Phones 8723-8854 Columbia, S. C.- " i - - -:_=zz; jQCKER- 1 DRING I : ^ ;; essitig and Dyeing ! ? Blocked. * We Call ' J.J J.J " i i Knna MSL 1 A PnlumKin O ^ UVAtV WW A~Z VVIUU1 UlCLp U* V/? Y - ? ??Residence PhoTie 6798 ' h 30ERI K j ^ and.Notary Public. ? - /?!. ' ColunibMMSr-6r- '! X**X**X*,XK**X**X**>*^*I**X**X**X*<**X?,>v X~>X~X~XK~X~XK~X~X~f<?X~X"X' <' ? ? k BERTSON ' ' - :[ ? S'T TAILOR ? :: 5 To Order. :: ONE 4003: <? ?7?Columbia, S. C.?! ? x-%~x"x~x?x~x~x~x~x~x~x~x-:-* 1 " ~ " '"L4 . ' "> . ^o^j^^o.o.o.o.o^ox^o^og^M^aoBaca' RUG STORE _ 1 --' -; lEESE,Trop J lit Medicines. Cigars, . ' 1 j pa*> \ Full Line of j 's Preparations at all " id Sodas: _ a \ E 7820 Columbia, S. C. j SMITH . ij . | ssing, Altering J A.1I Work Guar-/ \ " ' Columbia, 8. C. \ I ., IBIA, EAT AT THE H DAIRY! CAFJB . :i \KY AND UP-TO-DATE ; 2ASON." .:' 'OPS, Prop. VE=j 'ColufabU/S. C. : 1 """ >