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THE UNfljSr ?tLeS. ' .J VOL. LVII NO. 9. " UNION,-* ' 1 '' ~M.Ort > YEAR"" AGRICULTURAL QUESTION i( IN SOUTH CAROLINA.; I The Life-blood of Agriculture Is fast Ebbing Away In South Carolina, flood Must be Stopped. By C. H. Wilburn. c. It is a sad fact that while the State v has made wonderful progress in man- j, ufacturing, the production of food sup- j plies is lagging, even to stagnation; and this is true more especially of darying and meat production. In our 1 city markets can he found only a lim- t ited supply of the many wholesome j products of .-dairy, and these eonre 1 e principally from northern and western supply houses. Since there are no * laws regulating the composition of * cream, butter and cheese put on sale, s only a poor quality of goods is shipped into the State. Owing to the lack ^ of such rcgulationg laws, and to the ignorance of the majority of consnm- 1 ers, there is a great hindrance to th" > development of first-class local pro- t ducts. Not only does this keep down , the price, so as to make profits meagre, but deludes the general public into the idea that because they get New York ' or Wisconsin goods they are getting 1 the best, when, as a mater of fact, only i the refuse and law-restricted qualities j reach our markets; and since these cheaper products prevail, the markets \ are controlled by them. Since the beginning of the cotton 1 seed meal industry it has been known i by dairymen that in South Carolina ( ideal conditions for the darying industry prevail. In several sections firstclass dairies have been established, and enough has already been done to show just what can be accomplished it? a practical way, even under adverse conditions. . Hut the develop J'K-m 01 i,us industry win necessarily, be slow for at least three reasons: ?st. the consumer must be educated. -2nd. Laws must be enacted that will govern the fat contents of all dairy products. ;,rd; '"crease in numbers and im-1 esarv. ? j With# regard to the tirst. education! of the masses by conditions is natural-' Iv and necessarily a slow process; but protective legislation will follow as a natural sentience. I he last is by far the biggest proposition. Everyone knows that to stock a dairy farm at the beginning with pure-bred, or even high grade, cows, would cost enor ?1 < tiii< were possible i mousiy; aim > would not l?e a desirable thing to dc because lor the first to reasons give it would not pay; and again, becaus breeding and caring for pure-breds r< quires more knowledge and skill th; is found to any extent in this Stat On the other hand, by procuring twen or thirty good common cows, and pi; ing a first-class pure-bred bull of t desired type among them, and bre< ing from the female progeny and different bull of the same type, th can be obtained in the second : third generation individuals that 1 be superior for practical purposes the pure-breds. The fact that the opportunities dairying are not being improved, the profits that would accurc dir< from it not being realized is less ball the story. The real error 1 i? allowing such vast quantities of ttilizing material in the form of c< ) seed meal to be carried into i States ,and even to Europe. The is, only one-tenth of the meal pr ? ?I ed in this State* is cihimuuvu borders. Let us consider for s nient what is being done when e seed meal is sold from the farm that is just what is being done tlv out the State. The kernel of tl ton seed contains nearly all tin lizing material (nitrogen, pho acid, potash) that has been take I the soil by the crop, except sot I ash which remained in the I Then the capital stock is being I diluted for the sake of a prese I Truly "the goose that laid the I egg" is being slain. This practice should not be I f / to continue. In every ton 01 1 meal, there is 135.6 pounds I p* S7-6 pounds phosphoric acid, H pounds potash, which, at pres< II conditions, is wo rth $23.75. m This, then, is the manurial |P ton .of meal whet* applied to < M a raw state.- Meal on the h jiow worth about $26.00 per II there is a loss of $2.25 in ; Hi raw. la] Now, coton seed meal i II the best and cheapest concer mfi food to be procured in this I) j tically having no rival. It JOY. ANSEL ENFORCING THE UW. fl fe Appoints Special Constables to I see that the Peace is Kept In Chester and Greenwood. Columbia, Feb. 26.?The question of nforcing the law against the sale of diiskev is one which Governor Ansel las had to meet squarely and decide. . Petitions were sent to him from j Chester county a few days ago stating < hat in that section of the county, near he Wylie power development, wlere ..... ' I aVrfe- forces of laborers are being york d, ^thw'.law is being flagrantly violated ince the dispensary constables were 1 cmoved, ami he was asked to take ionic action to protect the peace. Under the Carey-Cothran law the Miforcemctit of the statutes is placed ipon the sheriffs and magistrates, and vhercver these officials do not enorce it the governor is given power o appoint special constables. The piestion whether at this time the constables should be paid out of the eounv funds or out of the funds arising roni the liquidation of the State distensary, The question was referred o the atorney general's office, and Assistant Atorney General DeBruhl advised the governor that in a county where the dispensary has not been voted out, the constables should be paid out of the dispensary profits of that county, and in a county where there is no dispensary, out of the county funds. Governor Ansel today appointed in Chester county B. E. Wright as special constable, and he will be paid out of dispensary profits. In Greenwood county, where a petition was also cir-^ ciliated, he appointed J. B. Riley, an lie will be paid out of ordinary cojp A funds, there being no dispensj^ Mm Grfi"1'! Ami Parli ronctuMa ? ?!) es. . .... Governor Ansel state*' tonight thai in these applications for constables he will decide each case on its merits, as lit is presented to him, as the law placJ es the discretion upon him. The Stat* dispensary funds cannot he louche* 1 tor this purpose and the c<rJA ' have to toot the bill. I To each of the constables appointe '> today the governor wrote a letter <1 II rccting him to report daily to the she 1C iff of his county, and then he wrote t c" thc sheriffs of Chester and Grecnwo* 1111 directing them to report each week e- the governor in ret. r<l to work ly the special constable.?News and Cr ,c" rier. he -d" \ a almost exclusively as a concentr; ( re j except in occasional changes for md health of the cow. The point is t kvill ! meal has two distinctive values, na n fertili. t<? Iv, a feeding vaiue lvalue. And tliere is a practical \va , in'utilize both without the one detrac and front the other. The conclusion i> ctly ident: Feed the meal to dairy < than and convert the milk into butter .'s in! cheese, or sell it as cream; an fer-! handling the manure properly, pr< itton | the full fertilizing value of the other! Many experiments have' proven truth this is not only possible; but altof oduc- practicable. n he.r Imagine what would l^c the i mo- if there were enough cattle it otton- State to consume the entire a t?and of meal now being manufacture rough- the manure were returned to tf -=??- ?.Id he cut ic cot- Fertilizer i?ui> i ferti- cent. Old South Carolina wc sphoric the leading dairy State, and | n from the richest State in the Union; lie pot- greatest blessing would be t! stables, soil would be enormously ric wofully parcel with which that of Mi nt gain, or Texas would be far behind : golden acre planted in cotton would two or more bales; 75 to 10c allowed would be the average prodi standard corn. nitrogen, These conditions will, and and 17.4 met eventually, and thus bin ?nt mark- artery from which the life-ble riculture is fast ebbing away, value of a ever, the flood is not soor the soil in desperation of the tarming market is will he the crisis, and much ton. Then work will have to be done tpplying it would be smooth sailing. Sr that causes two blades of gr; is, by far, where formerly only one 1 ltrated cow that he deserves greater State, prac- he who discovers a new isl can be fed j lization." f ormer Union Man Dfes atBk&tiftfu In Chattanooga?A Negro Child fl Burnt Almost to a Cftsp. f Jonesvillc, Feb. 27.?We have, had a W variety of weather during the last wedfc,'||( jut this is very common in February^^g The roads just now are quite mudd/Vj ind there are some ugly holes in inaimJK daces, which make travel ratherJfeUflpj A small child of w&sifl nirnt almost to a crisp'iflfk' Saturday f J )y its clothes catching ni*A Mr. (i. S. Noland,' diod at his home 'totf Chattanooga, Tenn., y ,fhc 10th of th'9 n month. Dr. Noland was bom an<l rais- U ed near Union anad he graduatetd in ^ medicine at tne menicai coiiege 01 lj> Charleston in i860, and had gone to a Philadelphia to take, a special course m when the war broke out and he camcj W home and joined the army in the sttf pt S. C. Volunteers, and was soon aftetGg made an assistant surgeon and assign- w ed to dbty at the Chimbarazo hospital in Richmond. Dr. Noland remained ai in the medical department until close of the war anaVL Xhc same VeaiJ?V? of the-surrender he imarried tcjhi M iss Ijdufr Sadler, of. Yorfcville. Dr.1 Noland then moved to-Florida, and terwards to Atlanta., and to Grcei?*blc.fiw S. C., and then to Chattanooga, wherqHj he lived until his death. 1 spent a dajl?jl wtih him in Chattanooga some eigh^ld years ago and he tofd me he was en-IE joying a line and lucrative practice, bt Dr. Noland li.nl only one child, daughter, who vas married sulci hafljS twi children. Mrs. George m M^g Wh ^er and two brothers nt l."niiW|PH Mc UtT and Billy, survive him. l51fdi N ol'l.td was about 60 years of age. Ira | Mr. Henry Ny." GossettJiad a honltfl to d>e the other day, the only horapD ij^^s Kittie Alman, who has beenlt Jfj t'< dnmbia taking stenography . and Uj ^Fpewrijajng, has completed her studies 0 nd rg(urned^ to, her Nttim iWril^nrVji .u "'ftTj/. oi'l Mrs. Joseph enamncrs, ?.. ftT* ' '-pent la-t Sund^ with the fainily|t,'f l>r. M.Av Chambers, in Main I 'm'is 1. J. Foster has just returned" from a trip' to Philadelphia, where she !! bought her stock of spring millinery ii 1 \ . I goods. t . i \V H. S. Harris, captain-commander (Mof Camp C. W. Boyd, No. 921, U. C V has received a circular letter fron r" the committee on entertainment " l? Richmond, Va? for the approachmj Kl| general reunion. May 31 and June 1 to'i2 and 3. The commanded desires ever ?M Confederate veteran in the country t n1" I attend the reunion and they promise t take care of every one of them m = of charge who is unable to pay h ute own expenses. Where there is a su the ticiont number from any camp to J* tifv the railroads in doing so. theyjV 111 : ? *. me- i furnish special chartered coagp** zing ' Pullmans for the trip. _ * y to IA Big Treat for the People'of Un!< . 4 cows and Captain Jack Crawford, chief c' ^ scouts under Generals Merrill and Dcurc .. . . . , meal I 1,1 * ^l)ac"e campaign, captati that the Black Hill Rangers, a great b (ether cho rider, and the only man before I public who can hold a "Sam Jone< result ience," will be in Union on M i the r/th~ afflj ISTiT, "by invitation of mount ^T- C. d, and "Captain Jack" rode from Me< le soil. ?au to the Rosebud (on the I yo per Pacific railway), over 400 miles mid be carrying dispatches through a c< perhaps teeming with hostile Indians, but the He ,cd the charge with Ijcu hat her Schwatka at the Shin Butte's h, corn- an(* afterward carried the New ssissippi Herald's special to the ncares Every Kraph station, 350 miles in thr nroduce a ^alf ^ys, two horses droppin > 'bushels under ',,m> iction of Gone to Union. must be, <1 up the ^jr p)avj<j (; Clark, who h ??,0! *g; with W. J. Wilkin. & Co., f ' ow time, left last week -urtth hi i stopped, population for Umon' where they W'JI r up-stream the future. Mr. Clark will e that now business for himself in Unit >, "Let him l^e<jKer regrets to see Mr. C iss to grow ^js fam;jy n1oye from Gal grew know . praise than ,,s best w,shcs {nr their and to civi- happiness attend them.?Gaf jger. Wk'^Veb. report re-|,er fcjrjjljMtf the Charleston navy yard, sho KHHtfai*., states that the famous aV> P^nehter, the "Constitution," is Kel fe^ergping repairs, subsequent to ?r; 8f to Jamestowp "exposition the ^HHhe grand naval- paggMjatry. tfclfc .ffl? j^Hpn display during the p4ri?rff? WS> WBesto?n exposition. Qftly struct; <*5 tfjhg made on the re i^Q?^^on length; " ( ipa4 dTftVV' -i,e carjjtr ch was the uhiformUy-of her- site- ' A ttiat the British a<lrrtirality orderfhat the English frigates should'* not ,n" ijrt her uuless'ihcy met her in forqe. ^ August 19, 1^12, \ she fought the Sj^iere foi^four -hours, leaving the Kf a total >reck, which could not fif be bfought into port as a prire. | Her Commodore Bainbridge off the Ht of Brazil m December of. thtt ? no year, she '.captured^tbyg ^Lte Java after ?shdrp^^fffi^^/SSHB 1 MKSabg Verde tstands. in a tight tbaj^ n HHwiW' tfiftn an hour, the Consti(|p t ffader Captain Stewart, captu)40Q l be ftfgate Cyane and the sloty '< t, ajthough these ships were iar. I tr to the Constitution. f'\ri ' fz midst of the modern warsHfnc ^/ ff'ftrTC^nriV >nal | exhibits of the exposition. Nfcress .of Prohibition Sentiment. A Note of Warning. Sentiment for prohibition is stronger at present than at any previous age oi the world. The friends of the develop i ntent oi a higher and nobler type o i true and genuine manhood should h r greatly encouraged at the ever-increas ing growth of a healthy prohibitio y sentiment. It has not by any meat o reached the desired climax, and po o ^tbly may not for some years yet >e liome; nevertheless its friends shou is iot be discouraged and relax their e li^ffjVgies, or mitigate tlieir efforts, belie rsSWTng the old dogma of the wHi#?w?y j>i dlf moters, that "People are going to ha orMit and the State had best provide so lway to give it to them." S There never was a more ground! Ulrguntent offered to a thinking j 311. t Sle. ' ! J ff you will study the character of champions oi the foregoing T hViio?/, you will find they are pa initejrcsted in the sale, tin; positic 1C?f oJfers as a job, or as a political ron- c\jnc to grind out a job, or those : the kfrtunate ones whose appetites i an- Feen so viciated by its habitual us 1? hlcrlier sentiments and mors |J'?- r>--T the* pi rations have all been compl. " ? stroyed. Hence the argument i licine product of a self-seeking pcci Jnion personal interest and a desire to alone, fy an appetite wholly depraved >untry use, and disregards the better it of humanity altogether, tenant The past legislature abolishc fight, State dispensary, but if we York be indifferent to our opp t tele- ties and go to sleep on this ee and moral issue, we may wake up ig dead ourselves bound in its iron through the local option sary law. I suppose our rep tives thought local option a wards prohibition, and may 1 ias been ^ no doubt is an improvem* or some the State dispensary; yet we s family by any rtieans free from the d ? K?;,,cr turr cside in the accursea Dt-a i UVing nRage in in our midst in full force a on. The ever in the promotion of ) larke and of temperance its friends ? Tney, but alert to its interest and perity and mould a Rood healthy sentin Tney Led- favor it seems it is now. | , ,r* i SHOT IN THE ABDOMEN. TH . Robt. Keller, of Orangeburg* Accidentally Shoots Himself. Th v .. Dies of IniurieSv " ' ' ' Jloree, Feb. 26.?Mr. RoberV*'Kelof Orangeburg, was accidentally t this afternoon while out hunting ut three miles from this place. Mr. Iler came down this morning from DC ingeburg with a friend to spend a ^ days hunting. He was sitting 011 ^ Vrailro^d track assorting the game j had" tV when hi(t dog snatched " . of th^. ' rds, and Mif. Keller struck ?a him wit\ s gun, causing the weapCO Uj, Medical aid was quickly sumDr A. VV. Brownjng of this a< at the s.cene of the acci- ,><J Ittt'^lr. Keller was Brought to Ello- SU .J^jSerc he is resting very welT at 4 ' Woree Hotel. His family has CC mi summoned. Tficre is little hope jta his recovery. Mr. Keller is about . ' years old and is well known here. co WED AT 9 O'CLOCK. nl] Orangeburg, Feb. 26.? Mr. Keller d at 9 o'clock tonight at the hotel l'* Ellorce, where he was taken after ng shot, and his remains were ^ where the in- ,e \lr. Keller was a brothef-W r. J. Duncan Adams. United States ^ irshall for South Carolina. A wife ^ d one child survive him?News ami ^ nirier. jo The Dispensary's Pall Bearers. ; c Governor Ans.el lias appointed trie hmmission of five "business men" ; jrovided for by tlie law requiring the < of,. the State dispensary, no Tie has sbown his appreciation of he trust reposed in him by the peo>le when they elected him governor, tnd by the legislature when it left to selection of the commission. fficV have undertaken is a duty of patriotism. Not one of them would have touched the State dispensary living, but each of them is willing to utiI dertake the burial 'if the'dead monster. The commission is composed of Dr. \V. J. Murray, of Columbia; II. F. Arthur, Union; C. K. Henderson, Aiken Avery Patton, Greenville, and Join 1 McSwecn, Tinimonsvilie. The com mission elected the Hon. \Y. F. Steven son, of Cheraw, its counsel. Dr. Man c ray is president of a wholesale dm * house, and, we understand, is a Met' n odist. Mr. Arthur is a hank pre; 1S dent and a merchant, and he is a mei s" her of the Episcopal church. ^ lo Henderson is a merchant and is Id pi eminent member of the Aiken Hi tist church. He is likewise promin 'v-Jin the ^aptist denomination of rn" i State, being a trustee of the Con ivc Maxwell orphanage and of Furr n*c university, the two largest Baptist stitutions of the State. Mr. Patto ess a successful business man, and is 'co- a college trustee, being a membe the board of Chicora college. H ' ?f a Presbyterian, being a membe de- the same local church as is Gove rties Ansel,?the First Presbyitcrian, ?n it Greenville. Mr. McSwecn is a ma- j president and is president of 01 uii- the largest mercantile establish: have in the Pee Dee section. He, tc ;e till a Presbyterian and a man of : tl as- and sterling worth. The counsel y de-, law employed by the commfsmi s the Stevenson, is likewise a Christ! jniary highest standing, being a metnl satis- the Presbyterian church. Hi by its served as moderator of the ~ lieing. we belie iterest i_aroiui<? only layman who has ever filh ;d the honorable position. Mr. Stt should has also been speaker of the h ortuni representatives, and is a lawyei ( great viable repute, to find Governor Ansel could have grasp well, possibly, had he selecte dispcn- men for the commission, but 1 resenta- not have done better. Nor c step to- commission have done bettei ie it is. employment of counsel. Tb ;nt over South Carolina are to be < are not upon having a Christia W* P t',e gubernatorial cl ' discharges his duties in the led loose God, and not in view of futt igain. _ If cal advancement for himself, the cause arc equally to be congratul, " * J: " !>/-? . ..I having a winuuig-"f . thoitld be , . , , . stands in such moral and spi strive to (rast wjth t|ie f()rnier boards iient in its nf the dispensary. Whew! Ito refer to them in the s graph! \ E NEbKU IN AMtKlbA TRAINED AND UNTRAINED e Most Perplexing Problem Ever p Confronted by the American People Yet Unsolved. By J. P. Gage. j The negro in America, trained and ^ , trained, forms the most vexing and rplexing problem with which the nerican people have ever been con>nted; the solution of which so much s been said and written within the st decade; the untrained being so , rgely in the majority that the trained n hardly be said to enter into the nsirjeratfon of the Question in the ort Trt arrive at a cHk. ai<J (l tory solution. Perhaps the best, and ssibly the most desirable, is that I ggcsted by Mr. Graves, editor of The lanta Georgian, in his editorial conrnmg the recent race riot in Atlan"A separation of the two races." however, this be impracticable, and would seem to be so under present "dit.ons, then the remedy suggested, 'y advocated and sustained by Dr B<mnet Bean in his two treats. namely, "The Negro's Brain," in ptember Century magazine, and lie 1 raining of the Negro," in Oetor Century magazine. Dr. Bean says ?'.~Ure,tofore t,1e race Question in ronomic problem.* dS5V!ef! 'n a mathele reconstruction period. :1 ithin have labored for the uplifting f their race, the philanthropy of the Jorth has been liberally directed toward the education of the negro, and onservative statesmanship both North ind South has been sorely tried time ind again in the settlement of acute questions rising out of local conditions. In the ultimate settlement of this imminently critical question, the facts of scientific investigation should not be ignored. Not only should an earnest philanthropy and an honest statesmani shit* h?? .brought to the solution of the sidcred Problem, but the fundamental the rcla/ an,| mental differences oi the diseriiuj,d black races should be congenius - * ? Dr. Bean says that the negro in America may be classified in four racial groups: the true negro, of which there are several types (Guinea coast, llllotentot) constitutes the majority in i the South; the Hainatic negro (Benin, I Zulu. Kafir) is found in small numbers I- throughout the whole country, particur* larly in Virginia and the Car-dinas; the 'g Semitic negro (Sudanese, Dahomian) li- is also found in small numbefs scatter>i-1 ed over wide areas of the United tt-I States; the Caucasian negro. (Sambo, lr. Mulatto, Octoroon, etc.) are found in a j large and constantly increasing lium <- --.t. i,,,? nre &P" bers both North and rvnun. ent dominates specially in the North. I lie the first n?med of the group or type is "if largely in the majority and are the nan lowest order of the race. To maintain >n~ his position as to the necessity of a " is i scientific investigation in order to deal alsolwith and arrive at a correct, fair and r jnst solution of the negro problem, Dr. c is i p.ean gives in his article in September r ?f i Century magazine ' on "The Negro's rnor ; Brains," a full anatomy of the experi?' inents of a number of the celebrated bank | anatomists of England, Germany, le of I Prance and America, all oi which show nent^ithe weight of the negro's brain, male ?s and female, to be lighter than the Cautbility casian or white race. His table of lor at weights of the brain, the average r> WWTfht Of 32 negroes and rhe same an of number of white, is: Caucasian, 1341 ber of grains, negro, 1292 grains, with female c has ,,f both races several grains lighter. South 1 This is the average weight oi the ve tin American negro brain, while the aver 2d thatiagc weight of the native ..... :vcnson own country as given hy a German ouse of anatomist is: male, 1256 grains, female, of en- ggo grains. Upon this basis there is established the fundamental racial difdone as ferences. A further discovery made by d other (his investigation shows that the greattie could deficiency in the negro brain is in ould the (he anterior association center, or r in the frontal lobe being much smaller in the e peopie negrA than the white or Caucasian. :ongratu- 'phe negro lacks the faculties pertaining n states- to reason, judgment, apperception, atlair, who tention, self control, will power, orir fear of entati0n, ethical an aesthetic attributes, ire noliti and the relations of personality to en And thc\ vironmcnts. On the other nana, atcd upon the anatomist, the posterior or rear ?rd which i0^,e 0f the negro brain is slightly largritual con- cr than in the Caucasian; this lobe or of control center of the brain is concerned in the we dislike rudimentary connections of the parts lame para- ? . ? (Continued on Page Five)