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' . X 12l'*<<?.< v/y i-' ^|1 t-|- -|-^ j- j -w i irv^s' ^"^tti t te^nes i' population of union. ^ | i ^ j| h j l^j - j' >i $l*\ union, south carolina, 'fb%ftv||^$ (., 1897. " $1.00 a year. RAT3IES iVHWKOPHQBlA.' A VERY INSTRUCTIVE PAPER CN AN IMPORTANT SUBJECT. ' llYDKOfliOIUA as oi tiii; uauicst 1) isis a sics. The present number ofour Animal Friends 13 published at the beginning of the "dag days." Ilardlv any ? * -phrase in the English language is more misleading or has done more cruel injury to'man and beast than this* IJy the "dog days" people understand the period of great heat, occurring ciiidly in July and August, in which they suppose that dogs are j in peculiar danger of rabies, and that j luiimin Itpinira iiw> llinrAtni'n in rmonlini- I ; danger from the disease of hydropho' bin, which is supposed to^c. couuuuofT rabid dog. 3flB^!?H?^l3SUu0,lCv^'; :ni}' dogvwltieh' to be suffering from any Adistjasc 'whatever* during the "d uays^is at ttr.ee set "do?vn%s "mad." ' A frightened dog, cruelly pursued by thoughtless children with the cry 'MnaddogV" is regarded with terror; and is often brutally killed. Any re- i j>ort of a case of rabies, however illfounded it may be. is at once ccinmu- i ideated to the newspapers, and through them spreads consternation 1 among hundreds of thousand*; of! nervous people, sometimes, as we -hall | presently see, causitig them ;<> e.\- ! perienee the very symptoms which , are supposed to accompany hydrophobia. When it actually happens that ; a human being is bitten by a ?i. g. ho | is at once assumed to be in danger ! hydrophobia, ami lie very often re- : s<?rt> to expedients el prevention or ; cure which are iituelt more likely t" ' induce a simulated hydrophobia that; ' to prevent (retire tin- reality. Mow. the very first observation we ' have to make on this subject is that j tltcre are no such days in the year's J calendar as "do*; davs." There are ? t i days on which and there is no kind ; of \\ eatlier <l;ti ititr which a d<?y is liable ' to rabies. Haloes is a rare disease at j till seasons of the year, and there are j 1. > more eases of rabies in July ?u-1 August than in i>eeeml?er or January. ! therefore. flint there is no J intweSreason to dread our family friend ibefiflog. in hot weather than in c<>' !. j and 110 more reason to dread hydro j phobia from his bite at one time <1 the year than at another. '1 lie phrase I <l;i\\s is a f;:!sc an<l liiislomlsnu' J phrase, which all human persons ; to avoid in the interest of the! They oii^ht cipially to avoid tl:t- j ] hiase in tlic interest of human Win jr. j for wo shall presently show that. greatly and cruelly as do^s have hcen made to suffer from the <reiicrai dread ; of rabies, it i-more than probable that . Jiumaii beinyjs have been even more ; extensively and more cruelly alllieted | by tlie terror of hydrophobia. The : object of the present article is chiefly j to remove, as far as possible, the | er- | nieious and utterly iinfounded terror l wbi'di bas produced such injurious and t often cniely and fatal results. ns I'ltoi'itoni \ i.- o.m: or Tin: 1:.\i:-1 or msk \ i>. h'irsL of all. tlton, we undertake to show that genuine hydrophobia is one of the rarist of all the diseases by j which humanity is alllieted, ami we mijrlit luLfin by saving that rabies. canine disease from which hydroplio bia is supposed to be contracted, inlso one of the rarest diseases of the <lo^. Medical men of eminence have not hesitated to say that there is no such disease : that no microbe of hvi. . i... i * i i . r 1 . .1 .1 . uiliiiin mil mis oeen loiuui , mai avhitt we call the inierohe of hydrophobia. is found even in the healthy dor. and therefore can pive no assurance in diagnosis. In a paper lead Indole the Anierie.ui Neurological Association, at Philadelphia. br. 1 rvinp <I'osse, 1'". 1!. < . S.. did not hcsdtate to speak ol hydrophobia in a purely imaginary disease, v.ith no more realty to rest, upon than the jniapinary witchcraft which i\as piilii.-Jied v.ith dea'li in New Klip-land not so lonpapo' I h\ l?o- -e -aid that (liirinp many years of travel lie had made dilipent ili.jiiiry of tin* oldest nraetitioncrs of ca-;e-of hydrophobia ?\iiieh had fallen iindc r their oh ervalioii. Many of tin in tol'l him that they had never seen a rare, and the remit <>f Ins own experience :iu?l inquiry iiii I been "aboil! as fruitless a> (lie >''arc!i lor well authenticated inminCc of.shark bites, wIji? !i lie had spent years in investi^aii;<o. Dr. iio sr .stated many fart - < '?inlii niai r\ of his own e>.perieiice. In Ami Minor and Constantinople, where i 1 7 i | % pariah dogs abound. one never hears of hydrophobia. It is unknown in Japan ami Korea, where there are more dotrs than nnv other country. In (.Jermany it is seldom heard of; not a case has l>C(u reported in Berlin in many year. In London, with five and ;i half million inhabitants, only one case was reported in 18!>2, and of the eight thousand stray dogs which wore captured not one showed symptoms of rabies. "The statistics of New York for thistv-five years (says l)r. Bosse) show* nine years in which no death occurred, and two successive years in which there was not one. 'Mils statement, however, falls far short of what Dr. Kossc might have said. During the thirty years of the existence of the American Society fr tl.c prevention of cruelty to animals, there has been no single well cstahiMietl ease either of rabies or of hydrophobia. This experience of our soei'ty. which makes it a point to ln?k ii.t > :.il reports of rabies and isydi- -i'i.i. t-oii'irmod hy the c.\perieuee <>!'i: : ominent physician.-. i ;*. I..;nd?>:, Carter <Iray publiely state"! 1?. !'< ! , the Now York Aeadt :.iy .DM- ii? iis . that "'.here was not a neu: g:^t h Now York who hud scon a case .n his practice. Dr. ilirdv-T -ai'id he had never seen a case *i' r d.v-\ I ;t that he had seen ra es i.;' >iinidated hvdrophobia from fright c xeited ' ; the bite or scorch of a di g. Dr. II. !\ l.oomD said that ri-,1;.gl.s ;,t lh-llovnc Ito-j *:d. ?. i i: t ca-oS of alleged hy1 ol ia iv I in > gross pathological 1 'ion." Dr. Charles W. Duli> s. .if rhiiatlelphia. examined seventy-eigl I oa i >uj.passed hydropho 'mi p.< i me ;jrcat majority < tii'-ni t.. ' t!itorly incredible anil wholly sj.111 it. ;?: and it i.-s a remarkable fn? i tb.it ie? one "lia-s yet claimed >be " money award offered by vnriui! k. tuici f!ul s and by several phy.-icinti t<> anyone producing; a wei! aiitbeiiiiea'ol ease of hvdrophob.a in man or bea t. ' . I i i iiV I'tOPJlOlUA. It 1- hardly ncee sary .<> say more uii ;ius audyct it miry be advisable to do so, because the popular belief i;i hydrophobia amounts so neatly to a superstitir 11 that it can pro' ably ! >urj?re<sed by nothing but -iij rabsitidalit ev i lenco. When we read o feasts of hydrophobia, what we have aid may be fiiilicieiit to cast di ere-lit upon tlietn, but when idl th" >yniptotn< popularly supposed to be cosMieeied with that fell disease do actually o: ; i:r. what is to be said against tie in ' N\ iien a man or a woman i wii'.hiny in atrony. is terri!; i by w.iter and ^ivrs every symptom of hydro; hohia. shall we say that all tl.i- hoir'.bie suffering does notexi-t '.' Surely not. And yet. those very symptom's, even when they are ii.o-i awful, may be, and often are, the product of a d:sia-rd and superexei'ed it: oyitiat: in. When a hungry nne ihb.l. - 1 f d hi.- niouth waters, ? li-.llli.' vIP * C s'lllt'l lioi t "I'J oh!;.* to !', l.:i' the very thought of loo.I. Notion;/ i- mole curious than | 111< i*(*~i of tin.* physical system to the operations of the militl. J)r. Mathew W o 1 . in ;i 11 admirable pa til phlet i:j?oii .Mimetic I licenses, speaks of the familiar fuel that "at tlie close of many di>eouises delivered from i the chan o! t'.o practice of medicine. the j.roles.-.>r i privalejv consulted j by student-; snft'ciing from all the ; symptoms described, and this imita! tivo pcculi srity is not limited to such | ailments as disease of the heart, coilsumption. )>n-c'uw's disease, gallstone. cancer of the pancreas cr appemlielis, hut soniehavoheen known to heconi' hemi-jdenie. u/.. ineapahlc of motion an I sensation in the right or left half the hoily?during a rcal'stic lecture on cerebral apoplexy ; others seized with violent pain in the knee d?11 i: lt an elucidation of the synip! to'ns and pathology of I'ott -> disease ! while there ale reports of students ! acijiiiriie/ all the subjective symptoms < j di-h ?* iii?>ii or l. ieiiire. Iiccatisc of I the in.pn . n made up on their minds j by tie- lecturer while discussing these i >urgi?'al states. " I'iiy-;<-i.tii- ;111 I ]?lti 1<>s<>|ilicrs jicri Irctlv iiii?l< ! I Ik- ('fleet of "eX' |>v< ! i.it attention wliicli Imis |>eon J tin- cause not < nl i>t individual i|is: i ;o< - I. it I marvellous epidemics in varioio part ? J"111< world. Witness tie- < 1 -1:i- * <>l t at :int:-m. so ealloil became of its 111>J' >sed origin in tin; I?it of tlie t:ii";ilitills, a species pf j.i'l' i. I? . ieiim-. v,ei'c somciiniCa 1 lll'jtetc 11 to tle.itmcill of tlie most j painful sort. 1 ?ut it could lie efl'octualty - 1 ! 1 - curul by nothing but music. A .Bishop, who believed the whole thing to be imaginary, allowed himself to be bitten by the tarantula and presently fell to "dancing with all the delirious grotes<juerie of the peasant.'* By and by, when people ceased to think much about the tarantula, tarantism ceased, and at the present day Italian peasants may be bitten again and again by the tarantula with no serious effect whatever. In other words, "expectant attention" being absent, the phenomena, which are no longer expected, do not accur. Dr. Woods believes hydrophobia in human beings to bo a mimetic disease bv expectant dread, and not by inoculation with the virus of a rabid animal. There can bo no soundness, ho says, i 11 .1 disinvV?r?il mind nr in n ili^tin-lmil ' body, and he adds the (jucstion, '"Can we not hope for the time when hydrophobia also may be relegated to j the limbo of abandoned vagaries':" ISTIIBKK ANY Tit I'D 11 YlUiot'JloW A V j AXS\vi:It OF Hit. l?l 1.1.lis. far, Dr. "Woods has .shown only that the subjective symptoms of disease, and even of the dislocat ion ul ! joints or the fracture of hones, are I often induced by imnginnti' n. and the influence of expectant atUn;i< n does, in fact, cause not < lily individual suffering. but feaiful epidemics. His conclusion is legitimate that the ! influence of imagination and expectant attention in a person who has been bitten by a dog and is in terror of hydrophobia may induce the spuiptom of that disease. All such eases must, of course, he clearly distinguished from genuine hydrophybia. if. indeed there is such a disease?that is to say. the rabies of the dog transferred n the human body. Hut is there, in fact, any hydrophobia that is really caused by the bite of a rabid d g? Dr. Charles W. Dulles, an en inent lecturer on the history :f mcdi- ! cine at the l uiversity of Pennsylvania, "has cot'respond al on ibisubject with most of the distinguished medical men in Europe.'' I fc lir?> been repeatedly appointed l?v 11?c medical societies of the ir'tate of Pennsylvania to investigate nth Its. J Jr. Woods says tliat be has also "per- ! formed the almost incredible task of investigating, either personally or 1?\ correspondence with physician- ?t others in attendance, every ease hydrophobia reported in the nev ? papers of the Tinted States for tin past sixteen years ' 'i lie result ? i i this patient and conscientious work ; has not only brought ]>r. !>u!k- ! . j the conclusion that "hytlrophohia i extremely rare.' hut has also incline'1 him to believe that "there is no mu m specific malady," since lie has laileii. "after sixteen years of investigation, to find a single case on record that can lie conclusively proved to have resulted from the bite of a dog or any other cause." Wo need haidiy observe that this fact, for a fact it is, reduces the probability that any stipp-.-c i ease et hydrophobia lias been really caused by the bite of a dog almost to aero. And then tin* other conclusion of necessity follows, that the cases of supposed hydrophobia which do undoubtedly occur from time to time arc almost, it not inn- J vcrsally, caused by the inllueMCe ! j imagination excited bv dvead < !' a disease wb'eb probably Inis no exist ence. lt? view ol' these facts, is ;t not a duty to humanity to endeavor in every possible way to combat the superstition which dreads hydrophobia from every overheated dog in the dog days ' Is H not time for the press to refuse to publish reports which tend to spread a disease which i* not rabies transferred to the human subject, hut which is the spontaneous product of imagination, and is therefore called by at least one eminent medical man by the name of "ucy.s- j papm hydiopholiia C 01 lit:It MKtllCAI. OPINIONS. So, at least, many eminent phy sieiatis he|ii.i e, and among tlicm the follow ing : i hr, l'arvin, of .lefierson Medical College, says: ''During an exp? r iencc of forty-four years as a phv -ieian, I have not seen a Case of by drophobia, ami I am of the. opinion that if newspapers could he preva lei upon !( talk less ahmit it the unmix r ol Fw called attacks of the disease would be greatly dimiiiMicd, as they are mainly Ihrms of hysteria more due to the fear of hydi'o|diobia than I to the absorption of unini.tl vim-. , !>?'. 'I'liomas (1. Morton, ol the College of Physicians, says that dnr,ng a period of thirty years as one ot the suIIos! 1 justified ^H^ring that sici-ms ami "I sun i'i' the ( jtisiion thai" Arfjj/iB? of a dog is no more dungortriU^&wjc scratch of a pin or the p^r-imlr^Ban infect ious riail, but because gk?p exagger ated printed and^oiStl^arPbuiits, the picture of hydrophobia ijfatf'stumped up a the public mind tlrat the thought of it, after being bitten by a dog, throws imaginative people into such p.ihios of ncrvouv excitement that they u;.c->n eiously reproduce its sup]; ~<d symptoms.'' After twenty year - piactitv in private and in many of the h< pitals of Philadelphia, Dr. 1 learn declares that ho has "never aii a e;t e of hydrophobia either in man or <h"g." nor docs he know any other ! hydcian or surgeon who has. t 'ii.tr eminent physicians and surg ? 'a agtve: and their case seems to u> to h. I; iiiy made out that hydropin hia. iii at least ;i vast majority of ?nst.-. i a disease of the imagination whi'd: simulates the characteristics a.-t ri ;cd;?and very inaccurately as? ii - 1 by popular superstition?to tin* disease called rabies, when transI hinted tu the human subject. Tin: l'ASTKflt Tlil.ATJtKXT. What. then, are we to think of the i; at fill accounts of hydrophobia which s;fin to have been increased rather than diminished since 18S4, when P.i-tfiir announced to the world that in h:. l discovered an infallible method i mi 11^' that disease .' < >n that subject wo have had, ami we havoexpre.-. eel in tlie.se columns, an opinion of our own. <x>uite independently of Pasteur's method, which seems to us to be horribly cruel, w? have never felt sure of the soundness of his system Yr - i' the reality benefits. I Jr. Dull. ha* garefit"!|y invcstlgatcu the I.i.-ts. Jle has repeatedly repott< d il.cm to medical societies, by which they I.been widely published. In the- ivjoit.- he has'challenged and demaieb'd the mo.st merciless investigation < !'his >tateinents, but no .reply has yet I ecu forthcoming. He says: "No i:.m litis eared to proceed to a de!:l ii.no an t detailed review of the at mmuiiis by which 1 have, tvt various times, endeavored to present to others the views in regard to hvdroiiliobia, which I hold, ami which ai?e hoM by a large number of intelligent men. What arc these views? 111 hrieli, thoy-nvc those, ttiat the treatof M. Pasteur is so far from having diminished the number of deaths from alleged hydrophobia that Qicv have aetuaby increased since the date "of his supposed discovery. Says Dr. Dulles: "Tim year before lie made t!..n boast thou- were four deaths from hytlr-iphohia ir. Paris (the department of the Se ine:) the year after, when lie )i:t I practiced his preventive moth-1 ml fr - ix mouths, the 'bv.vths pom hydropic l.iu 1. apca ;u once from four to twenty two. In Issij the number tell t'? three A?nii\ in. Paris, but I have a P-t of twenty three persons v.ho die'I after treatment by Pasteur himself in that tear. In 1887 the deaths in Paris rose to ?iii\c ! in 1888 to ninete'-n. These' oscilliations. indicate that Pasteur's method I? no more preventive of hydrophobia than i the method which he declared in 1>V t would eradicate rabies in does. < ?n the contrary, Pasteur's method has undoubtedly increased the number of deaths fro?y, hydrophobia." lb" thai Is not the worst. Dr. Dulles continues; "I have indicated what mi- taken place in l'Ynuco, and can a sure vuti that there has been no ..ijiiitioii in tin* number of deaths from hydrophobia in any part of the world. and at the same time there lias been added to these a large pupv Ik r of deaths due to inoculation of the \ ru.-; o{ hat ought to be railed IVtour's disease.' dust how many tlo se have been jio man can say. The statistic- are" confusing. Those from friendly sources contain remarkable discrepancies. Pastur's own statistics, published in the Annates do 1 I ustitut Pasteur for March of t rii. \. ai tl-dH) admit seventy-two ib ill in seven and one-half years after treatment in Paris. My own f-how a much larger number, while 1 liml that Dujurdin-Doaumetz, a most cnthuastic supporter of Pu: tour, reported to the Academic do Modecinc on June 21, 1K02, ninety-eight cases is only six years, which is just twenty-six cases more than Pasteur himself reported for eight years. * * * The same manipulation may be found in the reports for other years." Dr. Dulles attributes the faith in the Pasteur method, which has so widely extended among medical men, to the "stupendous fallacy thst Pasteur has saved from deatli by hydrophobia during the last eight years nearly lo,000 persons, who are in the report spoken of as 'cured.' Of this number he is supposed to have 'cured' about 1,400 Frenchmen in the year 180o?more persons than have died from hydrophobia in the United States in a century!" Dr. Dulles believes that the Pasteui method has done nothing whatever to diminish hydrophobia, but lather, on the contrary, that it has done much to increase the number of cases of simulated hydrophobia, and si ill further, that it has communicated to a large number of persons a purely artificial disease by the injection of diseased animal matter into their veins. In this opinion Drr Dulles may be in error, but if he is, it is incumbent upon the disciples of Pasteur to show his error. Until they shall do so, we do not see how nor why any one should be expected to regard the Pasteur method with anything but grave apprehension. THE llUISSOX CL UE RY VAl'Olt I1ATIIS. Another method of cure has recently conic into much favor with the medical faculty in general. It is called the Buisson cure. It is very simple, and it has this great merit, at least, that it' it docs no good, it can do 110 harm. It consists simply of a hot vapor hath, repented movo or less frequently, M. Iluis-don recommending at least seven baths as desirable, ii not essential, to a complete cure. The theory i>- that the poisonous matter absorbed into the system from the bite of a rabid dog is complotci\ excreted by these baths. Dr. ]h\isson himself was bitten by a j -t?i:m1 -dog in 1 ^. He took vapor baths an?l was nc.^ att if? dropbobia. In other cases of persons who had had a similar misfortune Dr. lluisson has followed the same treatment with invaiT\b?o success. In England, and elsewhere, particularly of lale years, the same treatment has ' been applied and appears to lia\ c been equally etVective. To say the least we should expect it to be so* It is reasonable to believe that the profuse perspiration caused by a vapor bath should completely excrete the poisonous element lodged iu the patient by tho teeth oftlic (log. Repeated baths would, of course, be oven more effectivc in tlds way than a single bath. The effect upon the patient - nervous system might also be reasonably expected to he soothing and quieting. The hope and belief of the effective nrss ol the remedy would banish that expectant attention which appears to he the real cause of the hysterical affection known by the nttinc of hydrophobia,. \\ events it is free from the duv.gers of the Vastcur treatment, and it may help to hasten the time when the superstition of hydrophobia i shall cease to effect civili/.ed mankind, 'who alone arc subject to it, while savages, the round world over, are I exempt. j contusion, Wc have said, and wc repeat, that hydrophobia is one of the rarest of diseases, and that when it appears to be developed, we believe, it in the vast majority of cases, to he a simulated disease produced by a morbid imagination. We do not go so far as to assert that it is never caused by the bite of a rabid animal, and therefore we would advise that all proper care should be taken to destroy, without delay, all animals that arc a fleeted with rabies. Vet, here again, we must recall the fact that rabies -tself is one ??f the latest of ail the diseases ?iil, ?l.w.K .1,...-. i - ?t : ' I1MIVII U UKO itllM UlIM'l 1IIIIIII1IIS arc affected. When we liea.' the cry of *'mad dog ! ' the chances arc millions to one that the dog is not mad: it is the people who avo nnul with terror. When we trad newspaper reports of the appearance of a mad dog here are that the chances are .enormously against the truth of the story. Vet there is such a disease as ral ics, and since there is no cure for it 'but death, an animal which is really r^hid ought to he killed immediately. < IVONTIXURI) <?N PAOK r.ioiir.f 5 5 Wm. A. Nicholson & Son, Bankers, 2 R ESPECTFU LL Y SOLICIT YOUlt 2 | BANKING BUSINESS ft YOUR FIRE INSURANCE, | a And promise you the best protection and the best service. J 3?a?a?neE<?a82!$iJS2 3i2caei?aaa?Baa?P?i?a?aB?a? a we aim: nti:<>n<; n AMfMn atto bMi'jUIUMi LP For your fcflioc Trade. Fifty Cases of New Shoes Now ready for your inspection. VISIT l:S WHILE IN THE CITY. YOUKS FOH SHOES, j UNION SHOE CO, SPECIAL SUMMER SHIRT SALE. \\ e intend to clean out our e STOCK OF NEGLIGEE SMrfiK Within the next lew week.. _,, , . , ** - "'vi m hurry matters, we have made the following reductions: ? $1.50 and $1.75 Shirts for $1.25; $1.25 Shirts for 98c.; Our $1 Shirt for 78c; 75c. Shirts for 59 cents. This Sale Spot Cash. SMITH CLOTHING CO., U P-TO-13 AT \i CLOT HIE RS. ??????Ml? I'll CT T TV/T A /T CD J I ) .IV JL ?.V? JLli JL I. UWWJLJtsJ Must Go Regardless of Cost. For the next sixty days we will throw on the market our entire stock of Summer Goods at and BELOW COST. Sonic time ago we inserted an ,wad" similar to the above in regard to our Millinery. We have had such brilliant success that?^ have decided to add our entire line of SU M ME R,GOODS. The reason why we did so well was because when a customer came into our store he found that we were doing exactly as we advertised. Remember that these prices are STRICTLY SPOT CASH. So bring along your monc> and get your goods at 50 cents on the dollar.1 1 M CLURES. * A few sets buggy 1 Iarncss to be closed out very f?ne 'ANY