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CONVENTION j REASSEMBLES.; RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT TO | | The Memory of a lleccasctl Member. I>r. J. O. I5yrd, of Florenee. I The ConHtitulioual convention reas- j scmblcd Tuesday pursuant t<> the rc- j solution providing for the recess. The convention nan called to order a little earlier than usual. But there was no working day ahead of the convention. The body had just gotten through with the routine preliminaries, when attention was called to tbo death of 1)". .1. O. Byrd, one of the members of the convention, and the convention at once adjourned for the day out of respect to his memory after passing resolutions in regard to tbo sad oecnrronce. When the convention whs called to j urncr, uio proceedings of the day wore opened with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Abney. There were exactly <55 mmbora in their acuta when the body whs rapped to order, but. in u sliovf time inure came in and before the sudden | ndjo'.'.r nmcr.t came, h.'t of ihe 10b j members were in the hull. Mr. McGown rose and Mated that it was his and duty to inform tlie < onvention of the death of one of the member ; of the I'iorciiee delegation, Dr. .1. O. Rvrd, which occurred dmt ing the icrcfs. Ho tin n scut nj> the i following preamble end rcsolntif in i which were promptly adopted: When as, it hat; pleased tlio All Wire I Rul< r and president of the convention j Vinnipot.-nt to remove from our midst our friend and eo laoorer in the work of this cor.vept.ioti, Dr. !. <?. Hyrd, 5 delegate from I'd m nri county. ami, j rec<a>-i.i/ing and appreciating his in- | domitabh: energy, steiiing worth and earnest labor in the tlott to sretire j nmgnifiei'Dt resulia- a good ('onstitu- i tion -therefore, bo it r? solved, Resolveil, That in the death of Dr. ( .Tames <). Hyrd, who departed this life , suddenly on the alteruoon of the IMtli ins'... at his heme in 'I":inmotisville, S. t i . i. : . v>.. lun; diivcmiinn mis mihaim ti u serious los? :umI the JS!:*tis deprived of i u vnluithio eiitiv.cii n:ul alilo legislator. | Second. That ive, his iriends, while ! snluiiisdvcly hewing (o the will r?f ilim, will cherish his memory aud mourn his ; i doi11 r.i ??, our ]<>ns, and sympathi/t j j wiih his Kiriily. . , Third. ii t ii pr.gr of iin? proceed- , < ''o >v "i-.'iv(,iili,-*j dcdieafi ?1 to i his TiMuum;.. 1 i'l* nth. I !i.t t - v ( ; th?* ?.'< i p -CM;.? i> 1. .1I .} . . ?lis li(- . . ahlr on. rn .. . 1 it'll) i i . , \ t. , | of 1 he t loll, of <.)<. >?. >. ?;ml i given iho .i.l - lition t: :u i! 1 county to in: liy 1 h'uu 1: .i"ist: i? ?. , < i,. i < will :tlit! i: 11ii\. As fori; it ), i i of i < i-| i 4, i:i 'i-utit of his in. tiiiijy i : i inuvi! tiirtt. t'lis. aiiveiitho; do now rd- 1 t joui .'i iitul lied, an hour on thursday. i r t-uo *J2ll, lit ii o'cloel ?i. jn. h.'; ' j Tor ?ht- onvi-iM'iitn.u <..f t' 1 above resolution. \ i Whoa thi.-o ri'M ietioi.- iu k pro m i j t the convention tooi! adjourned. | i i 1 T?in woifDs ? \?:?:r:o ui.oon." i i 1 i Tltev i :ii>s<> CiinKiiloniMi' llrli-ili1 1 lii'soiitliiiii off illomii Ili-fi'ati'i!. ( On Wi <ltn >.i:<y, the t i\. :.fy-fonrfit | i session of lite ('oust.1' 1 iu:ial f onu i - , tion wrttiiv 1( i! over t ?i; }i?o,rv <i'! se\ erul email uinemJn lit? of s; \< i to see* ions of the- legislative articles r< in- | tiug to the nholishiuK of special leg is- | Jation for the incorporation of cities. J towns, etc. Senator Td I man presented ' a section providing that the le-pi-'u- i tore should, inthcytar 1 SI IS, Milur.it j to the peon! ' the ipied'.on <>t liobi , II eo'istii uti? Hill e-)IIV . ))(! !< fllld 1 i i. < vvin* every t".cutielh v ur llr !*' :i'' r, allowing n ,iiiv;oiity v > eel! tin ? *?:: v :i< i.11. Itwi.s t t. ! .|m\" ; y u vote of to 17. Jirfi'Vc ;} ? i | J r i-< S. VI " I (Mil ill1. '}ltv f ' ? ; 1 li hil.it i ly tli' if.'i :t i is i'::?. < ! ?i r ih-vm :i jr <iny u<" m> Mooil v ? vi r. I'lm mutt' r w : <.|n i i : ,li: rn'.'.rr i>i'ir i .1 l?> i:riii< :* : I'V mi i n# Mi? w r<!s "... !::is Mtatiis of inimy fninilii" ilis* Stutc j 1i'.in:'<l i. li! 'inf. S?.;.m , . ... i hi i t l 'liit i i.i : i i:, ,i . v i i 11: 1 ! ii/ii v. '1: 1.i.ii ' ! UK .! v ... iin'niii: . 111 <11 ! 1 in- en: tin! (>. 1). '1 n in-nil' iv j :"i;i |>< < in:: in!. :.: i:;; 11? it. :'> - . ; km r I .M.I f i i < ' i:1. T! t: < i;\ * -I'll .. : ' . 1 i\ i nrtiem n.inl roi ; .. > . iin|i. limit unc.lIiiiiK, tl. .i-v. tiliri't which will roziMjiiir i:> ;i: y i ! cntir. Fission. Tin; article f?ii ] mil j mnl dim itulilc iiihlit'iti winjirn. ti' tilly compli-tcil. ni l M tM .....1 UIII.MIIl t nil. HTL' I P <1,1 auw 0111,1 0 /IIIM 1 ' ; ri?o <'onvcntlon Spent ilmiMliiy ?t: ! Amending the Homestead lam The constitutional convention : vut< I the proceedings <>i" tlit *r -*<th Kihsion to the diftcu.sainn of the m? ti? 1. pruvtillng for a homestend law. Sinator 'fillinnn and (io%erm?r Sii* ppard made powerful upetclu s tin the rub* ject. The debate wna of a I.iel. r cl-rn than any of the dehnb * tl.u- lar At '?:.'() 1 by a vide i : to 41, the' convention f-truck out all the special provisions in thus, tie:; ie rcpoi ted, leaving the flection j i v. dug for a simple homestead evet::i . .if .?1 ,000 worth of real relate a:,.! -"o i worth of per-onnlity. Tiie ~lr: : > .t portion gave many special pi.ooi.us, one ph.- i rig the contml of h pri porty in the hands of t.h > c nit and virtually making the man u ho tir.es udvan* ta- of the exemption a minor. There ' are 011110 eight or ten uuiendrnt ::t< still ! pending. At the night fteeeiOD the gi.ater pc r Jioi.i rf tho tnoo wan taken up in the 1 further debate on tbe homestead aection. Many email amendments were considered and acted on It is impossible as yet to give any idea a? how tho homestead provision will go thiough. It will go through all right, however. Senator Tillman, near the end ol the session, got the iloor and stated that the votes taken during the day had shown that al least oue-fourth of the "people's representatives" were not in attcndauco upon the coilveution. These men were all drawing their pay from the State, and were doing nothing, while those here were hearing the responsibility of acting on vital matters. Ho moved that all leaves of absence bo rescinded and J that all tho absentees bo notified to return nt once unless they could produce physician's certificates that they wore ill. Thin was adopted and the clcrh was instructed to notify tbo al- ' aonteea irnim IintoJy . 'J'li'j article on jurisprudence was, presented ut u Into hour. Tho ebairmun of ho committed i::- i divufunlly presented tlio following ) anti-lynch law section: "Section 0. j lu tbo cue of any prisoner lawfully m | the charge, custody or control of any I oDicer, State, county or municipal. ! being seized, and tiil;* ri from caul offi- i eiris by force or s^i'it-gy, by a mob er j oth: unlawI'ul assemblage of persons, and ?t their bauds authoring bodily ! violeneo or death, the said officer shall i bo deemed guilty ol h misdemeanor, j and upon a true bill loun l shall be deposed from his office pending his trial, ! rid upon Lie conviction ahull forfeit j Ins office and unle*- pardoned by the ! Governor shall be ineligible to hold ' any office of tr n,t or piofit within this Stale. It aliai! l>? tho duty ol the prosecuting attorney within whose d;s- ' trictor county the. olTeiiso may be committed, to forthwith institute a prosecution against said ollieer, who ! biiall b.- indii't-'d and tried in such county, oth 'r !). . . tie one in which 1 the oft'euee was ? ujiiriittod, as the At forney General may elect. The lees and mileage el nil material witnesses both for the State and for the defense Khali bo paid by the State Treasurer in j Kucb manner as may be provided by | law " P OK AN IN'CUMK TAX. i Tho Section Ki'g.irding Taxation Iris- . ,oi<) Attu'iuf \ju J' uiiiiV, ino "J * t h %iny o 1 ;? ? ? titulioi.nl coiivanti. tin- ..?'iiva ?.-j ' |ICUa! ft!l(l ehiWrtlild. i t.flti '<1 it- third reading nl(< ! 1 :>? t hi* H' tio:i 1 J" |\- ! i ,i ! !' oiit'lv: oi.unt..:. ! : ... liu : of tliu Hftii j. < n tiiinut tid ; . . i!o_. i>:.- ado! i* 1 } !1 ; j. 1 ; !< ?; HUi! n ": r ' ? .::.! i. mm i <!!:. n. in; ir.iti p:it Ike (iuiie it . A?- l. i ly -hull | l \j1l "V l.i'.v f ,r u ;i,iK;uu :iji.i . < .;.?! '.it >1 ;clit ami taxation, :?;j I f-loiJi tJiu-cribo u o j . .iilatiiuif, u- shall . uiro a val'ii.tioi; for taxation cf ill i ropurty, ion!, pei-onal and j airy, excvpt mines and mining claim-, . 51 * liroC .1; of V. l*'- il'Mn- kI)iiI| t> :nxcd, u.n i soon property mux l?o exempted by Jaw for municipal tdu ntion, literary, seioMtilu', ivligi >;i- i.i baritubl purpose*; provided. for.v<.r, that tlio <ionor.il Aegcnihlv max impose a capitation tax on - ;cl. doim tic animals us fr :.i their uitti mi habits are dcKiructivc of cither ; ( ?p , urty; and } rovided, further that the fit i i ial A--i nil 1 y may provid r a 1 graduated tax or. uu .?nu . am! in iv ! pinnule fur gi ..lnati Iiecin-c* on r.ctil put ions ui.?1 bns'ie->." Ai> uffort f>y Senator Tilho .n. to pr vide for a ?1 i '!! tax on every door j; the State, the pr oceeda to l?o devoted to the sain i ! fucd, niter n rich ?nbati, v;ks killed by h vote of 1OJ to 20. An effort to '" a niunn ipal tax on tin capital *toek of nil bank* it. the st.d* 'ailed. i nt r.ip.ui -fa-iou oj > tj . t < >()*-! xf tiota:! < f'liv. nti. a v.. s . >i:)>) it.i;>;;% < i . nwnti ii ! v. 1T> * i V .' > I . ' i1 : trt*. :. : w.:u it < . . > !... t> \-> r t !t> : u r . ; r- * -< .-t. >r: "iv n i:; lia : : \ . , ! . 1 ! at May oo'U.ly !<< .! hi} . it; or f..-. a S j r ith'. i ft!i. * ! : <>!' ii'l ??, mxrt!/!'i [ r ana t" ! ?? i: *?'*? * nrti a 1 i to-1 i.,:11 v. as ; ft wvtion j t.;.' ii i !'.a I; ' r \ ;> t'r.Ms: vyiu^ a In. >' - i- *c ii . j ii t > l> i!i! i r'v -si.!: v i ; r tie r }> \r\ ... ti-Jun! .in-! I: i :i I .:%*}> :! . X . ?\..K fj ! : t .! tLb* '! ' :: i* i n i.i . . ti.. a .'<? y.'ufs . : :a.-t t!.? ? . < * ? '!'!.< I'onvt ; t.i-a, i.itrr voting sevna! (imiH 1? liir.il s|lsr-: J'r.uu tbi- i liinr cm 1o 3D miuutra iamb, khvc ou I iho iliscngfcii-u i>: tin* mitl'mgr ttrtic*!* ii a oily rcf.jeea ti put oa any I.n.-.t , itt till. i iik r r, \ x m i;vt: \ r n >i >>u.\. i I'f I ?.i' .'Hi'i t ? i f ri'vtrv .:ri< Ito.nK \ ?>tl J Ii. { i.tinuiA i Ktit-s. i i . \ listita ' !>i ! i iUM-nlii i M t?;r as making m. filluii* ".ill: tia In: a .!: .* ? !' thr Cut. | t.t !i it- I'Ui't n.? Irs.- mo | than i-uy ?!? > work k.ih the I < : vi lit in t. :' -i :i\ ; I>:11 iht-Vt ? i re t- ! r t!ii< ) < > ti ';r li; !:'s t.iu! live!; <!i : 'J I i- ihliati mi '.lie inutUrnf ! the lilac S'.tte bonis should lit* ft! I .'( veil to min was | artir.ulr.rly int. rest- 1 ;n<; mill that on M \ . McMahnn r' ordi- j jjR'Kt! to establish ft departiucDt of ; r? tdr. KUtl lor< stry was <jnito lively. In ike inorn.i'^ i ho committee on rules , vi pe r.', il a rule ami it vi.h adopted ; aliiir.iiifj the amendmentson the third : reading of an article, which will d unlitle,; lengthen the session of the etui- 1 ventiuu. The greater portion of flie ! day was. taken up v.itli the di-.-w ion '. 'v.- ' end r or *! ' art' h < n ! l'.L'll!! I l.t'd tl'.J atii i . ? One of the most important amend* 1 ments was one that provides that no county, township of mnnieipal property, unit*bs used exclusively for public purposes and "not for revenue," shall be exempt from taxation. This was adopted with tho question about the Columbia city hall property in view and the effect is that the city will have to pay taxes on her city hall ii she rents her opera house or any of her stores. Tho amendment adopted tho night previous to allow State bonds to run not less than twenty nor more than forty years was reconsidered and after a long debate the minimum | proviso was stricken out. There wore lively times when Mr. j McMahuu's ordinance providing for the establishment of n department ol roads and forestry was taken up and discussed. The convention was inclined to enrry it through, but final)v. killed it. AJ1 schools, colleges, institutions ol learning, clmrittible institutions such as iisyliuus, etc., the profits from -which do not go to private gain were exempted from taxation. A GRBATLMTLB IK CUBA | Eight Hundred Patriots Under Maceo , Deieat 2600 Spaniards. REBELS OUTGENERAL REGULARS. The Spanish Rnrniv M#i\ ill lei .mil \Voii)i'lt<l. Inclr.ilinv Viltcri. Ofllri>r<...l.atk ?>T \*mminitl??Ti Vrfvon!n .? I'-iptnrn?ttchrl ?trnii(;!i?Ms KhU?1?ti sited-? 1'.it tit u sots tic U'flmnn. The fam >u mountain of Mogote. one of blijhest i:t f'nbn. has been the sec:"' <i" a hoavy brittle and ..ne mnr' victory Tor tho insurgent.-. The ' i- forty-live northeast of Santiago ?t" foba. and a point where ninny battle; were fought .luring the ten years' war. Tito rebels, learning tb..t Spanish Generals Garcia. Navarro and Linares were or. their way to tho mountain, placed themselves in a roo.1 position. Tho combined Spanish column. 2001) strong, opened the attack lrom , their vanguard. Antonio Maeoo. with WOO ! tncn. returned the tire, and after a severe j battlo of five hours he forced the Spaniards i to retire, leaving five officers killed, tut <>?- J fleers wotinded. anil 380 soldiers killed and | uwiiuii'u. i :k. roni-is miclit luivo oa.oturcil tlio ontirn foreo of tin* >.>?r.y lia 1 t !.?. > not run short < ' animr.;:--i ui fhinmrthe last r-w nay- :i; ? ::>n's j V.r.vo ui.mI- ' i'lorottl on:v.ps in W- I rinda > .) . . i 1 .n (Iran l'i?*<!r:i, tin* so?- j M ! if: ii.'.-e I ifr' rmtur: I ior|> I i' .... Vipm.lu ' IS : IV j.'io- fptli I S.?'? I. a.-. li. ! .-I.>* ? i Ai'.ii'ri'au ilaoro l; V . ! '. .?.iM ! ah >vi\ I, i .-<v_ ;v r.orJi".!-' 1 '1 Sunt :!;?? "?i.l } ; r;*aii ?' ? - 1 !y y'v nilo.', fro:.i in1 A-i vi-ar. I rut ? (*iii i?r? Con- i |>n?o\ .Tiira^uo. :i'u .i?%<l on t:..< s?v.;t:i coast ? f ?' inn. T ro r li' - |i*:v." i tl)''' Jnffns o( Sn't | J.tti* itiii] Pnhnit iriunn, sUun*c<l twonty- { four ; r. I t?i:rt v nthv. rospooi?vly. frnn ; Sn ::t Jav'o l?y set: ir.t.: li"t \vt-c?:i i Hint "W1-". / F^'ji.-inti, inaiiiioo : an ??n?* r;.::o ?.:t nous, t trhi'n iinssi'itr rnaif II':: ;..v> Iiiv??r n:t I thirty-six tuiliv ftv i nils; '*'? j t'on.-t ?'f th" islfi'fl.wn- ; in-urm-ntr. wtio worn . - .-i - ! ina salt. Tiio foif r<ti.ru<..i tti ' r,\ I wliilo th<> ;r.an-.n'.\v. t.v-v ?-;> r nl. : 1 ' to j .rot on? i!t?* iati-iiua oi rht? "ii. ' < rabolA Iff; tha|i! , a nil?. . oh ? wa. wo.:n<!- i oil on oltliT snln. Ytiiow l.'vr .11 '-..n- | tin :o- vorv bwl amwii; th" s: utlnr In. Tim onthasiasra ininaati; <'u':.v??. , nii'l nitiiiv wuiu; !i:cti co to th" iioU aini j daily. Tim rvonic!- ar: mom isia-oic j than the -r,.- . ji i or.-ihlo. Tin- NVw OilniiNs ( ottou Kxehanjje . Stati incut. Now Orl?'tnis? ?*u >n ?*xcbaug? statement I front ' * let tiOc! ? llth, Inclu- i plvo; 1'ort r- - 7^.521 1 ..! s ORnlnst ??<?l,4:ts last r. "'.'.lii > .r l.of.?ro last | nr.ll 732,708 i - tho sanmth . in 1X22; ov? r- : la), t , i. .1.. !.. ; y iiav. 7ft.- I 2iK) ln*t your; !t.'?,s7*! yi'ar t 'nml 04, I t?;M lor t \. :t-i r sP--its . ill . : S ,-t.1 . . -J MM !..-i year, tII AM . last and : It'll.f? : -a . ri. ; iNiH t ; -v * year, ! 11!AOf i : - i ! ' ' . if r 1 III' m-m< ism i-'.i U > :; rlu J iliirii'.i* U I . . ! . ?. against ! . i : .r ! ' >? lust ! J1!||' .i?<. !i'v ri .! t: In 'Top | |.r i ; ; ' " tb<- wi'i k. .177,1*0, | : ' r ; :< days unilt-il j < I ? J|M: III' . ! ! . .10 5 V :?r J-'f.-ri' . I;:-! ..t:?l ;* . an- ti-'no i-i 18U2; , IT..;> I I i ) '. I. r tin* tl'-t Oi">Vt'll ! days ni ' 4 against f>')'i,420 lust : y -iir. -IT"' ">' ' > i ; o i.. - : 1 ." 2 ,S30 for j t-;til . i ; 1I -aip-i"i? ' - i ' r- - Iup j t-. : -...! "Into last ytutr, year | Iio'i.I ,:i ' ' iti I iu>: to tin-rlost) of ; tin-.'.u i'ivi ii'iit" v. -k-'. ?' 'iipi;: sous l>y j \w< . \v. i . i i.iy- f Mi -ejisims | lust y <1 v-'.ir! - last, anil I ia 1802, ; ' | .{.LAN s? .i'.Vl 1 l'I< * As ilri. ,i. | in- Miuiicu! > ol:- Cyiiwnt i.. .!i- I'v. I'l-jn tl'- o. t>. 1 ' I U'pill ' '.'liVf-utu-li jr. . !! llov. II. 0. Diir.-uiii, < i 1.- :u Pi-1 roI rt i. tlio statu of tli" -lr:r-, that - the jiL-t .?< of- r ii i:: : 2. t? u I'Miops h'l ! >'!, fourti'i .. hr'i! I-- n 1 -< at-.-d, < f whom went !i : siounry "listr: is, ' i. ireli now liml ? 4 4 -!> j's. ">f l < ! t" i ll, ol?7 ii !. i..\ r-5i"'.-. J'4 4 ""-'0 li-'n- i!i tin' ; i.:M ItJJ.lTJ "on-| 'inV.ITI- : 01-. ".00 < HI- ; .mts. J,| |7 ,r< h ami s? :ir j hi.' j't-f nations < ' a ln'ifvoi-'Ut ur . luxation- I i .!?:.* ' .::i' : < :roin all sourci's I . : ! rnii'tiihl #88,000,000. I I'". Diincuu stwv I t!' h ' <ly of >'Oin-j 1 aiurt was iinj mora *.): 1 n'iin- ! 1 -r f. lerny. T'soji'-'T' as** in Uio trivaniiun ; i ...! t <-n C5.791, \vliik tlu* li-'. of priots had . firown but 107. a fact in* ntlrlbutixl to "la- I alVn'ie: -y ami diminution c f sli|'? n<ls." '1 ho | im Mn i o>i* II.o throo years was $86,000 less j than tor the procociiii^' period. " KilJ'it and 1* Injured. At I\tt Vint. I'a.. K:: n I >*, t!:r?'0 jar?' lis v;i'< .l'.t i ar. l nii;" r< j 17 inn v. y tf I'.lcy *nr .. ; tho Wi at End . tr. liri" i tho !: n v I jj'iimj j CV'T i.'i ! :: "lit. ' ti Mi! r-fi . . "r ITeif.ol. ; M " ! " I GOVERNMENTS AND ROADS. i ROAD IMPROVEMENT ANALYZED. Mr. Nlerneee's Address to the Rood | Congress. Important Suggestions. > Tho following a<l<lress delivered before the recent South Carolina Road Congress held in Columbia by Mr. | Frank^ Niemsee, gives soino interesting information in regard to roads of the past and cor tains some suggestions as to tho improvement of the roads of the present period tliut seemed to \ strike the convention favorably: "From the timo of Moses thero have been 1 royal roails. First the Egyptians, afterwards the Israelites and then tho Greeks called their linos of travel that wcro not used for I special purposes royal roads or kings' high- j ways. In Greece the royal roads waro inspected and cared for by tho s?nat? ait Athens. In La'cdenionia, Thebes and other States they were under the supervision of tho most eminent men. Their roads, however, were lie* the i>e-t of the ancient. It It was reserved tor a commercial city. Carthage, to build the 11 r-t paved roads. The Itomaus followed the example et the Cartliagenians and their great highways, which connected ltoa:e with its provitev-. were tho most rejiowin d and durable ever constructed. AU over Europe, Asia and Africa wherever their empetors ruled, they build roads that have been .-apposed by tho sti- | pur.-niiions ot miicrent ng'*s, to have boon of ! supernatural origin, This is attested by tho j names applied to th-?m in Italy, EuRlaml, Franco uud Spain, in the last mentioned j tbey bavo boon known by such names as | alstudadd Jjablo (roads of the devil), eni- j zuda do Ins gigantes (roads of tbo giants). | According to ,s;. Isidc r.-. thoilrst paved road ' Wits built by the Cartbagvainns. and tin* | same authority states i bail lie l'iiuoniciajis j open*?-l and loft t > tlcir mm *>rs, a loud across tho l'yr*-.noes and tlio Alps many centuries befor> tin- Christian ora. Tlio most ancient Km.an roiid outside of Italy was in Spain and led from (lartliagonu to tho Pyrrmuoes, whore i: contorted with others that led noroKstl:e Mj < : > Hone*. 'J his road was traveled by the legions of S< ipio. The reigu of August'.* i" r--nov.;.td for tli" roads then completed. The ojnp'T .r made tin* **.>t*:u of oommnncutiou soeon?pleto thai ir.tle clso was lojt lor his successors to do than to euro for tho roads already cent t meted. Oi bi< successors, Trajan was the* *wst r.enlous, as is shown by various ins'-riptiotis, in prc-.*rving the public highwaysa'l l in <*i*;strn-ting . '.hers. His example was follow.'I t>y ot!:ors. but afterwards the authority of the emperors declined and little enro was given to distant public work. The removal of tho court :o l'.yzantine by Constantino ?*oni|! *ted the abaiKiouincnt of road building and was the beginning of tb decline of that uiagniticent system of highways that !a>? I it* *n to its n-o.-t distant provinces*. The itoniiius divided tlieir roads j into military highways, called preiorian | thoroughfares and local vias. The first was i built to faoi'itat" the marching of armies and i to *i)iin<'.the iftl with tb principal | t itles and strut -v*" point-*. They worn con- j stra tixl and '? t -i :"p;t? by tin? imperial , government. J ' s *>:: ! were the routes of ] con ;:?*,-i*?* and eouneete.1 town* and trade | Hits* - . :< -.v *e .*o;i?tr? t***l *.s? n.--ist the i n ' v - .'id i:.t*s\*< *;r-etruffle. They ; *.v i n. ? an I maintained by municipal j gov rnin' nt-*. iu An*:rhi there are two i 1:?s of r* a 1- ? no < ailed t iie staus roatl? I will li is entirely urder the control of and j kept in complete repairs l?y the government, j Tho other, known as a proVinc.it or district ' read, wSik ii are maintained ami kc] t iu repair partly by tho government ami partly by the provinces throvvh wiii h they pass. "In France the public roads arc divided IMrtUirmolio- vi?- - ' MV ASS V , n'.fly .11 tin of the -Vj aunv'!;,s,lJ.,JJ.ii ; third, io vrship : , which, though con- j c'tn-. I" I by tin ? . ?:?jji.in??s, rc<iv-, m most ! iiM"-. -iipj-ort t Ir?u tho .-talc ?>r from i the depart n ;ft '<?r iiuv- nance. "Tlin miv! 'rii rc.nl system of Franco wa? ( Inaugurated by tho l-':rsi Napoleon Hint car ri?'l h.rv.or I t.i it-at;-1 .iuo.-y an :Madid , cor -hision 1 >y N : i.lei.n *!i- 1 hir!. 'The road cy.-ii ::i ,d Fra.i vis ?a of far greater value to 'ho country a moans of raising tho \a! ;?> of 1;; ids and p itting small proprietors iu easy ? nununioutim with tl. ir ir.ail.-t- thai. ; . is.ilvrays. It isthe opinion i vvilin:.>i n"l Frenchmen i tvho have mado: r.. . :dy ef economic | problems, that ! .. ; .. I- ... Franco 1 nave hcca one i i.. ' -! .ay and p<>t "it oontrilmtior* to tho "al development and marvelous '. iiic-i .-ist;-ity of that ! country. Tlio lur-r ic'.ag ai I splendidly t inaintfciiio-l road tv-'. :i! ii.i- di-t!favored lie ? ic-'i ?- t s lie ? -us. li ii.:. 1- i pr >pric:"rs and iu their .?! the ensuing ill-tribal ?>:i? i li-'s tin- key to iho -ccr't < l tli i u : - i Ji ?. ncial Titnlity nnd eo.'M prosp-rfty > : tho n< .1 .?n. 'J:i < orniany he : .1- .re also under gov cra'iHUit lit I. "la iCngl.tnd ill" t | " sv-tom'took i car' of ti:c ::uti;e. n&u< e i f >...si's up to 1878. win ti I>>' .iu of parliament the -y-te;n v.;;nbolisiic 1. The new svt i"in puts the duty nnd maintenance id the highwavs upon the j tax payors of tho parish and is managed hy ilir.r highway surveyor. S> end.; arM'ic.s s:r united into U'?tri< Is for the eieiiirea u'ject, ! under the t .; ova-ion ?t tie- tnghway 1 'J'hird. nuiuie'pai borough* and lowi.- have j power- < onfe.-r d up.ci llu vit > p ri mm the i dutj s ot highway -urw " -> within ileur j hcui Maries. I.a''!y.'!e r.;i e eilecHy, i;. j localg< iterant''! board. London,U intrusted | With i.-ene-a! sup': intendei>. .- the s \cr:-.i | -y-fe.: s for t h hem-tit o; :. r :-i lisra'". j "/V geiuv.il ii.vita'i. a ; Ml : iu- { to rested it; ai-ad rott'isltls ly i- l't?'?l by the roa.. sup rx horc .1 Mat'. 'J'nis . A. 'i.tti is i . hf lltld nl I i -*t -s . S ? rm\> ral JStn: thorn u>:i- -d< v ! X t road hnprovi mfnt ami a nni*>ri < t a.I these I interested sh aid hasten the day wlnm the | different parts ctho eonnlry wiil Ina joined j Vy good, |Kirman*nt !: t'liwuvs. nistitad of roads that now alteriiah batween sloughs of mud ami almost Sahura-like dust. There is ijo reason why the Slat** of South Carolina should not have her public road': in condition to com; aro favorably \\.*h any in the United Status. In the low country tlm ground >vrl and in those sections are ahutulanee of shell am! good giavH. Tho middle an i portions also lave plenty of hue gravel. guei*s, granite and flint rock, ail ra-ily 11?!? , which i'ouI 1 bo l>ro!;i ii and ru.-hed, spread npr j, aur roads ;ii> ' then r*?iil**:l with a heavy roll , w!'ii o would not -nil;, mkc a leap material f??r Jnu-ntdc":. ; a most ouraMu nr. "Tl?" Stale -i. .vii! i tin conation by an nuuaiil pfiuiriatio. . brorini"'u ind that | our pul.'ic roads arc the mi niarv i ?.* ? . he - otntrcTce of th?'natior.. tlu.t they arc /jilly fiititlel to State ami national at I m their improvement ?.? < ' ? u-..* . Tho Hlato ant) nnti n a* >th gnu by having the highways i- i, t '.ran-;>.e lation during ilia year; pmj.i is ndvttn 1 in value; f*rniei>; a'? ,>n-.rage I make their business sell-rim:..m,.;g, ;| u,,; j:ir-*i ly more jiro'ituble. Tito ng in tin: and labor are very import : :* j;. a:- in i.ing the cost of production, 1 tv--ent- of our cities aro also ..j. .Iy i uu .tb'd. ' otiini'-ri ial organi. at: us i , the force <?f t ins argument and :1m up i;, n. cs of the hoards id' trade, chiuul *-rs of m -rce, banking and t)nao"i.ii institution* can be quoted. in JHt'll the ii.i'i >ual board <d trade and trui;* portal ion I 'm -d t! f-dh . , :_r re.solutioiis: 'Wo recognize (ho rs reeding poV* "ity ; I la v . . run an. t g its r; .lice, to "the universally deplorable Condition ot its publie highways and favor u system which will provido for tbeir immediate improvement under tho control of the State government. Tho legislature should aj>poiut a commissioner of highways, who in turn should have the power to select the supervisors from each county nnd the convicts should be rnndo to work upon tho reads of the county from which they were convicted. 'l"ho road question is now being fully agitated by most of the States and many are now constructing roads of the best description. Tho lfttlo State New Jersey, whiah is nothing like the size of our State, expended in 1894 on road improvements the sum of $94,C!H>.0J. In tho State of New York it has been proposed to raise the sum of $10,000,000 by a Stuto loan, payable in 17 years at a low rate of interest an I devote the entire sum to the improvement of the county roads. It wnnlii i>? uivoi. struct an average ',f 5? miles of splendid roads in every county of the State ai?l tho entire assessment upon a farm of the value of $ 10.000 would bo less than $2. Our adjoining Stute, North Carolina, has made o.vellent progress iu public road improvement and lias now some as line roads as will bo found anywhere. 'The llrsfc important step was to siv'ure from tho State legislature authority to levy a road tav of from 7 to 20 mills on a $100 worth of taxable valuation. Tho rate at present levied is about )a mills, whih yields some $:i0,000 a year. Next t he passage was seen red by law, authorizing the county commissioner to tako barge ,.f all < nnvi-'ts sentoneed by tho ejlv and eounty courts, the punishment fer many offmises being a line or so many days work on the publie reiuls. It istlio belief in il is country thai this is the best possible disposition that can be made of tho convicts. :.s they nro not then brought Into direct petition with honest, ire- lrbor. while th work inures to f he dir.-ct bctc'ilt of t). - p lie. Tho work of building, re.-onsi- leting aud repairing streets and roads in Mecklenburg is now in progress in three dej arillieiits. " Vir-t, in th" city of Charlotte, under tic direetion of tho city comi-dl, by tic mayor, city engineer and supervisor of str-'cts. The Work is paid for out of the eity tr t-tiry. " 'Jfe -ond, the Comity ft large, uu'er the direetion of the eounty commissi icr, a board of live eha-lcd annually by a vote of ail tho inagl-l rates in the county, by the aunt y engineer and I he superintendent ? f the oouvlet camp. Half tho proceeds ot the road ta v is disbursed be this iioard. " ?? h township, through its beard ' trustees, xpemls for heal work ii. read I; iiMie:;, one |-a!f i lie pr.veeds of the road tax raised vriii a the town-hip. T he eo-t ?.f feeding, elot inv" and guarding eonvid-i during tile lii-i ll*.t; uiontlis ..f lM'.K! uc.ioui.le,i to 20;d eeiits per dav. the average nut. ber eared for icing I'l per month; during the tir- t nine months of that ; ? ar an average of U0 convicts nioved :h;.247 ."due vnnU .c" earth on the roads mid ernshe.t and plu-"d ?,:)?) lineal yards (four and a half mi!? -?"> of macadam 12 feet wide.' 1 ?n?*?l?* largely from different State and jrovernin"iit reports and Mr. D. A. Tompkins on roads in M !:inn hurt; eounty, X. What is most imperatively needed is to edu-'Hte the people and especially those who ' are plm-cd in ehar^* of the roa Is how to ; proceed and that road niukiiit; and repairing ! is an art and trade that Is enrefal -tttdy ] ami are to sn-reesvfniiy earrv out. ami the ; sooner the idea ami praet>-e that n\ one j who can I.an! a load of mud or so i from j where t lie di! *h oujrht to he ami do-op it into j tin road. j< a lit t < r---n for ro.i 1 r* n : rim* is iiIkiikI noil, the I tier. At tile outset, tin etf I trineer >notlld tie rot oily I. ;f o - ' ldo\ed. I 'Mil"1 In hits mad a study ol ? f j I ?i"' : iitolerait possible eomilti- t..- a:e' | In nee i- tthlf P> Hot only advise yotl what to do. h t'. often wh;?t w epuHllv import.mi, w hut w i to do."' fin-: i;*i.i. of tvi<;ii'r-s l ite v. no! ;!. Poll T11: t- \vu? ; adopted ot t., tjioi.t -ismo:. W. ilt.es- j lay with the , ..,,i' that so; t:uu : on trial l?y jr.rv, v. hieh wit- jjas.se ! to | await tin- jiuin i cv report. tile section* j oil (.lections, wltr'ti in re jinsst* 1 ot cr ( hv < v.?i . a::.I t!t.-.- ot i-i. . proit that ' in 1 power S<? jmutsii '>r eonteuipt shall n >t in any lotso ? xteuil So j to imprisonment i:. th St it ft l^enitcu- j tinrv," \vi.s jiii-seil "Vi r 11v i i i)tu-st <d Mi Mow' to w ho h-nt the report in | (dinii:e av chaii' i.'.n 1 tie *ii'i-eohiliiit- | Te- that it | orto i '.it- > ;opo-e.I article. j TH, .art: hi ,n adoi tod, v.itli only i tin a pcctiout I-;; pending, )> as: I. .1 lows s :i n 1. Ail i ' I t' .it >v<T? are \. ted , in iv i front ii'" i eopl only. Thare|..r - ll v Ill vijrl.l .If ali 'I'll V to mod iffy ; ! f' r.o ; co n i.'-n". wit I. the | ohII" .- >i i|"!?iand-. I S -p a .. . . r.. .,,,( h"f. ill (e'l -anted , ar served to ti> peot-lej nor shall the enutner ; >tt of e in rh 'As herein be eon* i i. I'ii1 . -i?.y | > i; - . a :i }? .> !? of P 1ai ; rtiolr' J :i or | > : I .. i I A-.- .- ?jly OUgllt | i < s;v ! : t ! i. r i ri -> <i{ IT!- i r . !!..' t bo '< 1 n .\ i- : s-.-ti i <; .. %?.. : i'! r i. of pcll'ilonit itp Sr< v : r::<*r . ? ? r :i ri -' _ - i - - ? r 5 li.i- i r - 11 . a !.? i i- .it ! i I 1 i ' i: < \ f.i i i r .i r ! .. t i>*- I. ; li- I : i'U S! - . I' I'.I'll Stftti'y, t.n.li'f (Silo t'.ui-Jitutt it bo Jttir.' niti iv . I it j.rlvi'il |>: !;! .i:. ..I ; r : tit ' ).r, . i'-- ..| law . t. r > t! .i . v i. '.- ? 1 I ? .... C.; , i a w S !. I; ... :-i. . ! * ! ! .Natl. . v S Jr.- v \ i . . r. I . t;i\ < !' mil..- .. t I * .! : . ... or 1- \ i a > it wit! -I.t [J. . I;: ; . of t. II I'H I I . i PVI'llv f I #| '. S ,i. a >; > I 1 ..f .i: ! . . . .> ' fa.'t > law im(..in 'i?u tin? ol>!l i t ra !-. nor law irrai-.tiiitr any tit t n '>ii ".y or lnT'-ditarx- -i.t .-tin I P.* ( i aii-l n.? .oiivirtion .-hall w.irK < ft if': ?:i <>." |.|i?., ! or |' >r;. i1 ar * <>t otuL". S'-.-ti.-ii 11. 'I'll riu'lit of ^ntVr.i^ : * lati- I in tin- <' ??!;! Hi - on .-liai! I i *t I ! > lii\v~ an; i lf.-t as. I | . llll'lor i'!i'!|li:it<? | ? ti;: M l * -. Jill !' r I'.M ii> i* trii.ii jn?\i > ."Iicry, nun;..: . aj>r_?* ("' ;.i . :. S<'I!. 'J' r.|..>r.iry Ii -a tli Slain 1 r; -li a ri-.-i J .i n 1 :i i 11'-J I. S-ni ii J.Y To | M-.vr of '! a law - or t! ' i- ?'i of the* I;.w - .! 'ml V i.f > \ -i . .1 l.y ilie O-uoral A- r l>y ii- la particular wpr? ly l>ro\id' f? r ? \ it. S v-lio'. it; la dsn (;<>? ithii. -i.t ( MiiStalo, llio i. ? i-l.i'i\?'. hii o ainl jii ii it pow<'f< "I t In' (lovoru.'ni'Hf rhall fo'vv'f i r:;* I : ?? I i11-1:r I ifora "a -ii otli'v. an i a.i (iiT-oa . i ; - i-v r.-i-'ir; tint fuiii '.i 1*1' 11iji* i. 1 ? ? ! i|i'|>.irlii'i'ii'-. .-! oi n aii. . r ili.-oharv.'" ti;o it 'ill* i' I any i.' S ;i i I*-'. \'! Cnnrl- -I i'i I- |nit !i , a: ! '\. r\ r-.oi trill iiavi- <j ilv r.-iu aly ia fn. v,ri.|, ;- -; i :i:! :? I. S' !i : I'I I'll" ril^ilt of I'll- |> |.|'l?' t ' aoi'ii'i' iii tiici persona, hoc ihijiom awl Ii .. iii-! 111>i ; a- i.:sM? ' ir- ia1- ai 1 - !/ " "..ii mil i i' i !a> d aa l ii.? ?vaf n:t-liiil1 i - ., i. upon | " I'll' In I'lliOii i*Upl r' ' I'V i .Mi . r ai' r >.; !inn, i | artii'iil irlv i|i- a r :;; si- pill' ' a an 1 ti. p T- . i- il'iai; t" ' ii So 'i oii jl. I a a'l t-naiiiial !:: II - ' - i'i >} ?v i i - : oo ly an I in 1 11 - . I. impartial ;r . . ' to I"- i . , .i. . - i..;tarc w; I life art UttAllOu to be confronted with th? vitncse against him-to have compulsory >c?\ss for obtaining witnesses iu his favor, S&.1 to Ih? fully heard in his defence by tiimI .1 or l?y his counsel or by both. | Section 22. Excessive bail shall not be is quired nor excessive lines imposed, nor cruel ! nor unusual punishments intWcted, nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained. Cot* ; porenl punishment ahull not be inflicted. The power to puuish for contempt shall not ! in any uano extend to imprisonment in the State penitentiary, i Section 23. All persons ahull before con* ! viction bo bailable by sufficient sureties cxI oept for capital offences, xvbeu tho proof is ; evident or the presumption groat, j Section24. Iu all indictments or proso.-u: tions for libel the truth of alleged libel may I be given in evidence and the jury shall l-e I tho judges of the law and the facts. : Section 25. Treason against tho Stale I shull consist ulono iu levying war or in giv! ing aid and comfort to enemies against the Slate. No person shall bo held guilty ol , treason except upou testimony of at least ! two witnesses to the same overt act, or upon confession in open Court. t Section 26. The privilege of tho wrii of j habeas corpus shall not bo suspended unless I when in case of Insurrection, rebellion or in; vasion, the public, safety may require it. I Section 27. No person shall be imprison* ' od for debt, except in cares of fraud, j Sccti n 28, Tho right of trial by jury shall ; bo preserved inviolate. Section 29. A well regulated militia heirg necessary to tho security of a free State. ti>?? right of tho people to lo*ep and bear arms ' shall not be infringed. A* in times of peace armies are dangerous to liberty, they shall l not be maintained without consent of the flenernl Assembly. The military po vr of ' theSl'ife ha!'alwaysli.-ld in Mibordinat i?ai ' "i > *? ... i i \ I I ll'l I I v It. -ha!! :i. ti:n?? of a. o bo <l?:art-r< I ?t; ? \v;t :out of the o\v:. i : 111 ! mi I \v ir. but in mat'iter to I.M? I v-<T'i."'! ' y ! . . S--"U<'ii fiV \ i. .-hall in any vase f I?j? i !? art. ,! ,.v; or to i;:iy pains or it.;!!: - i'y \irtr."'? i that n.w evej.t ti?-# 1 onijil* v i in ' r :i.> ami nn\ y t lie t' tulf I ! nia'.' - > ! i'v i ;lni.t in a tnal - m'x i -e , ?.:.t ' y *.!' a s.-.v ; . lh?* <i?n. il A - -it:: ! i S'Vii- "J \ii axi-i'iln wall'! i fo" % * M* r. li..lt | il I ' I'l- 'iXXMYs. Il I til? "iti tl.i'Stiit an i I'ri'.ti" I S' - \> m ij] out v. . : f -'.i.t I "i| . - .I, .til i !::x, J totl. ::i ; : x\' i! . -ii.ill bo .ts11 '>- *1, l (! . m: !* ! I i >:it li otvio' of any . : lily t..r 11: -1 ' * r .v \ IM'I talon?-! or in . tin Hifiiiiyunvljtnbli'-'u "in* null . v .! .:! "i, oil l-y ilii-1 i.'.'i",i. A - - i ! \ S . : I'i -, r v.-i us of the it.Mi-tltut: . I ... ' < ih'i'iiioil aii'l O /nst riled rx iiii'l prohibitory ami not r v 'pi-i'iix ovept xvhero onpre?-ly rou-.lo ; i x | criubsoiy by it* own term . !ALL AMERICA : FOR FREE CUBA. AX APPKAI. TO TIIK I'KOl'LK OK THK I'NITKI) STATUS. i ';? ('ciitral aii'.l South American ;tiMics Won!'I l{cc<i^ni/c Her liuf for Tiiefr f*<*ar?if Spanish Warsinps. "> I "i"" say-thai cms 't tl. '' i/.ia' .* ) *5. )?!'.) ri**an :tiwill th< i: it fatly* i'i oY'ni/.i.ii; i .vt? r? n.-y .. ;'j. r- Yoi?)i:..!,i-in I'ui'ii. i i"> j-r-'HS in < fur ay can I<t ju Itfd fro::: t!:!^ fi> !:.t, Is i.:i.iniinoii.s in ils.-ympa- r~ tl... Cui' iii-". The fear is expresses!, v.-< v<t. tin . 4 h1' r eosnition of tiie re vol uti'int-Trnn. . v" i ! y ?! of several Si.n-ssii ti-of-wrir t f h* ir principal ports <fetr.nn<l i:--: tl: nri \j 1;.nation ?.:? I satisfaction. As > ;iin lias al out equal to that of the < tat she woulil have, 11111-r these r-u -.Ma* a -1;Hi -ient iiiinil <t of vessels i - ih ? |? .ri * m .'..ill it ilotva pi i-its on in i<ii.tineiit. As noun of the i.:\trie- . the Western llcmisph < x;..f: ? tie.* Unit 1 Suit- s an<t Chin. |.??*soss . a: v worthy ct no reeo^i.i; ation of < i *?ii ri_'! ts v.vi :? nia<le hv tin *ui for f -ar ; ;l ? oir.-."q ! 11 is sni<! to-;l:iy that n tie lh.in <1 StaO-sor (ireat Jiritaio r of >:.tir.ealiil pinvrs move in r. :!- - a -tion will l?e i.iy fol 1 I ,. ..It1' S- J :?: -h.-Atu !"ieau r-'pltMien . '.Sis at in- :.l. I 11.iw. .- '.v..s son; oui l?y tie" J lit I ! < .III 1 :: I tile PKtsS r.r'et iiiv'*' M M 111 < 1" o\j ' -y.iipatlt,*. with I tlie t |lti! i. ; i'or lll'lepMllll; . . *it : i i l.v Hi- i : t 1 I S-'J teliilii-r 111)1'. W !? ?; i .i i ' < . - - ? :ir uliv ?;it It i f *ii1 . : . 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