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SOUTH CAROLIN A Comparison in Detai of the Main Peach ' South Carolin (By A. M- Musser. Associate Hor ticulturist, Clemson College). At the present time Georgia ships many more thousands of carloads of peaches than any other south ern state- In 1921, .according to the records of the United States department of agriculture. Georgia shipped 10,S36 cars and South Carolina shipped the insignificant number of 31 cars. In 1919 Geor gia had 110.526 acres of peaches and South Carolina 11.080 acres. This acreage includes both young and bearing trees as well as home and commercial orchards. The figures given above are such ex tremes that they can hardly be compared, yet Jhe commercial peach growing sections of Georgia and South Carolina are in almost the same latitude and have sim ilar climatic conditions. We know that South Carolina can and does produce just as good peaches as Georgia and that Geor gia is one of the largest peach growing states in the country. We have just a good soils as Georgia for growing peaches, the topo graphy of these soils is just as fa vorable, and in addition we are nearer the large Eastern markets. Then how does our climate com pare with that of Georgia? The following data which was obtained from the records of the United States weather bureau will no doubt surprise many* of South Car olina's peach growers. In both states peaches are grown on a commercial scale in the Pied mont and Central regions. sToc coa, while near the northern lim it of the present commercial or chards in the Georgia Piedmont * region, can be compared with Greenville, which is representative of the Piedmont region of this state. Both are at about the same altitude and both are in the same latitude. Macon, Ga., is about in the central peach beit of that state and . can be compafred with Cam den, which is fairly representative of conditions between Columbia and Hamlet, in what are known as the sandhills, and where large plantings have recently been made. Camden is approximately one de gree of latitude farther north than Macon. Toccoa has an altitude of 1.050 feet, Greenville 989 feet, Ma con 370 feet, and Camden 222 feet. There is little difference in rain fall. Camden has a yearly aver age of 44.71 inches. Macon 44.88 inches, Greenville 54,55 inches and Toccoa 58-83, inches. In all places the rainfall is well distributed throughout the year, there being little difference in the monthly averages between Camden and Ma con and between Greenville and Toccoa. This amount of rainfall is sufficient for the needs of a large crop of peaches every year of normal rainfall. In fact, drought is not considered a hazard in either state. Killing frosts in spring often cause large losses in the peach in dustry. Let us see how the dates Of the last killing frost in spring compare with those of Georgia. In the ten years. 1912-1921, inclu , ?ve, the last killing frost occur red at Camden and Macon on the same date for two years; it occur red one day later at Camden than at Macon in one year; and occur red from eight to 49 days later at Mawon than at Camden for four years. For three of these ten years data is unavailable for Cam den and therefore can not be com pared with Macon. During the same years the last killing frost occur red at Greenville and Toccoa on the same date for two years, 17 days later at Greenville than at Toccoa for one year, and from one to 52 days later at Toccoa than at Greenville for seven years. In comparing ihe last killing frost date between Macon and Greenville where there is a differ ence of about two degrees latitude and 6J9 feet in altitude we find that during the years 1912-1921, inclu sive, the last frost occurred on the same date five years or one-half the years of the period. Four years it occurred at Greenville from one to 19 days later than at Macon. and one year 64 days later at Macoft than at Greenville. In making the above comparisons it must be remembered that peach trees bloom in Georgia from ap proximately five days to two weeks or more earlier than in South Carolina. Trees at Macon bloom about ten to 18 days earlier than at Greenville. It must also be re membered that after the fruit has set peaches can endure a tempera ture of only 28 degrees F. for 30 minutes or less, but when in full bloom a temperature of 26 degrees F. will be endured for the same length <>f tin*", and when buds are f'ill closed but color showing a temperature of ??"? degrees F.-ran be endured. Thus when the last kill ing Irost ocews at Macon and Greenville on ih<> same date the chances are greatly in favor of the peaches at Macon being injured whi^e tliose at Greenville will be un harmed because at Macon the young peaches will have been set and at Greenville the trees are just about beginning to bloom. This is in accord with the estimate of Professors T. H. McHatton and H. W. Harvey of the Georgia State College of Agriculture "that about one crop out of three is severly injured by late frosts" in Georgia Compare that with the record of J. V. Smith, Greer. S. C. whose crop has been severely injured but once in 11 years. The exact time of budding out or blooming of peach trees in the A'S PEACH CLIMATE 1 of Climatic Conditions Srowing Sections of a and Georgia ' spring depends upon the tempera ture. If the temperature continues low blooming will be retarded but if the temperature rises blooming I will occur and often occurs con jsiderably in advance of the aver jage period. Therefore, a compar iison of the average temperatures j prevailing during the months in which blooming occurs is interest ing. Figures are in degrees Fah renheit. Place Feb.. Mar. Apr. Camden. S. C. .47.5 54.5 64.0 Macon. Ga. - ..4.8.5 56.6 63-9 GreenviHe, S. C. 40.5 50.5 58.3 Toccoa. Ga._42.6 51.6 : 59.9 A glance at the above table shows a difference of one to two degrees between Camden and Ma con with the higher temperature at Macon and the same difference i between Greenville and Toccoa with the higher temperature .at Toccoa. While these differences in figures are small a difference of one or two degrees in temperature often determines whether the crop will be lost or saved. This variation in temperature though small no doubt accounts for the difference in the blooming pe riod of the two states. Because of the later blooming in. this state and because, as ..we have seen from previous data, the last killing I frost occurs at about the same time at the points mentioned in Georgia and South Carolina, ft seems the peach crop in this state would be injured less often over a period of years than in Georgia. 'From the foregoing data* it is 'easily seen that the extremely [small peach production in South ! Carolina when compared with [that of ?eorgia is not due to cli jmate conditions, for. other things being equal, our climate seems to be more favorable than that of Georgia. New Jersey Jury Acquits Three ? | Cline, Scullion and Miss Thornton Freed Hackensack, K. J., Oct. 25.?A jury in Bergen county, headed by a 23-year-old girl. Miss Susan j Squires, today acquitted George Cline. motion picture location find er, charged with murder, and also [.freed his brother-in-iaw. Charles j Scullion, and Alice Thornton, a j friend, of charges of * being im-; [plicated with him in the shoot > ing t? death of "Dare Devil" Jack Bergen, motion picture actor, fol , lowing a trial consuming less than, ',17 court hours. j It was the first 'time in the his jtory of judicial practice in-New iJersey that a verdict in a murder; j trial was handed up by a woman. j |The evidence, which resolved, itself i largely into a series of moral prob ! lems, was passed upon by a jury ; composed equally of men and wo imen and it was one of the speed jiest trials held in a state noted for 'the rapidity of its judicial machin j ery. Today the defense called five j witnesses, four of them in rebut tal, before resting its case. The [jury retired at 1 o'clock and after i one hour and 40 minutes of delib eration the first ballot was taken and the jury sent word to Justice Parker that it had reached a de cision. The six men and six women ju rors filed into the jury box a mo ment later. Miss Squires, a slip of a giri, rose in her place at the head of the jury. "Have you agreed on a verdict?" asked the court. Her answer, "We have," was caught only by the clerk, despite absolute silence in the court room. Some of those within a few feet of the jury box believed she had said "Guilty." "Did you say 'guilty' or 'not guilty,* " asked the clerk. Miss Squires cleared her throat with effort. "Xot guilty," she replied, and the words were audible throughout the room. The Cline residence in Edge water, in a second-story room of which the shooting of "Dare Dev il" Jack occurred just two months ago today, was the scene of gaiety tonight as friends and members of their families welcomed the ac quitted trio home. I Dr. Hickson Resigns -* I Asked to Quit Because of Po litical Activity Gaffney, Oct. 25.?Dr. F. C. [Hickson, pastor of the Skull Shoals I Baptist Church, who was asked [several weeks ago to resign because i of his political activities in the Democratic primary election last j August, has complied with the re quest, it was learned here today. The request was made by the dea cons of the church. Dr. Hickson. who is moderator of the Broad River Baptist Asso ciation, was candidate for county superintendent of education and [published two signed advertise ments advocating the candidacy of Cole L. Blease for governor, i I Both were defeated. J The minister during the World War was fined $500 for opposing the government's wartime program. In a statement issued in announc ing that he would till no more ap pointments at the Skull Shoals church. Dr. Hickson said that "this is my third and last chance to lose on account of my stand on the war." Hammett Speaks To Manufacturers Head of Textile Association Reviews Year's Work of Mills Greenville, Oct. 24.?A broad side attack upon the Republican party was made here today by Sen ator N. B. Dial in his address be fore the South Carolina Cotton Manufacturers' association at their convention here today. Senator Dial's speech, in which he took for his subject government relations to industry, was somewhat lengthy, and was delivered'at the morning session of the convention. This afternoon at 2:30 o'clock a busi ness session was held at which officers were elected, various mat : ters pertaining to the industry were discussed,- and the annual address of President J. D. Hammett was heard. The election of officers for the coming year resulted in the re election of James D. Hammett of Anderson and R. W. Sullivan, also of Anderson, as president and secretary-treasurer, respectively: the election of Emslie Nicholson of Union, vice president, and the selection of the following on the executive committee: J. E. Mor gan, Jr., Greenville; Dr. H. A. Ligon.. Spartanburg; R. B. Pitts. Camden; W. C. Hamrick, Gaff ney; J. C. Self, Greenwood, and George M. Wright, Laurens, In his annual address President Hammett declared that "the 12 months covered by the fiscal year of your association has been one of uncertainty to all manufactur ers and the time has been used largely in holding organizations to gether and with every effort to give employees the maximum of em ployment so as t? avoid suffering among our people as best we could ?s a period of earning dividends, we can not truthfully point with pride to results; yet we as one of the large industries employing j thousands of men and women do take pride in the fact that we have demonstrated our earnest ef forts to manage so that the men and women (120,000 employees and dependents on employees and rep resenting 13 per cent, of the total white population of the entire state) should have opportunity to earn sufficient sums to avoid suf fering and to enjoy many of the luxuries of life." Continuing Mr. Hammett declar ed that "labor has been abundant, and at the moment the indications are that more labor will be avail able than can be economically used. This condition has been brought about because of the rav ages of the boll weevil added to an unfavorable growing season. "Labor has been more active and effective in producing a mini mum of production and in many cases has grasped the idea that mills were operating with practical ly no profit, and in cases with no profit at all; consequently the thinking element of employees have been disposed to add their ener gies, wherever possible, to assist in making possible the unbroken operation of the plants. The wage scales have not been changed dur ing the year, though business was unprofitable." Speaking of the favorable condi tion of the southern cotton mill employee, Mr. Hammett said "We trust and believe the thinking ele ment would resent any activities on the part of agitators." Discussing the effort to enact the 48*hour law for mills in this! state. Mr. Hammett said: "As an industry we condemn the disposi- J tion to place the textile interests j of South Carolina in position where competition with our competitors of other states would be difficult." He declared that Massachusetts alone has a 48 hour law for its textile interests and it is a notor ious fact that extension of the J textile industry in New England is I no longer thought of.** j He went on to say that taxes' j are burdensome and "something j ! must be done, or else South Caro-i lina will be compelied to sit idly! j by and see other states forge ahead | [ because industries are given more I considerate treatment" Place of Conference Italy Says Turks Ought To Have Voice in Selecting City j Paris. Oct. 23 (By the Associa-t j ed Press). ? Count Carlo Di ; Sforza, the Italian ambassador to France, today explained that Italy while agreeing to the Near East conference, should be held in Eu rope does not feel that Luzanne should be insisted on as the meet ing place if the Turks, as appears probable, object to it. The ambassador feels that the j j president of the conference should j be appointed only when a meeting j place is settled on. He approved the proposal of dividing the pro jcedure into two parts and also the jlist of naitons which are to be in vited to participate. He remarked.! however, that Turkey might raise j difficulties about Jugo-Slavia and { Rumania. Regarding the Dardanelles, the ambassador said the Italian govern- j ment was of the opinion that it j would be difficult to permit Rus- I sia to discuss the future regime <>: the .straits without also allowing them to sisn the treaty. He there fore proposed that the Russians be permitted to sign, but the other powers should have the right to make reservations that their sign-1 ing did not imply de jure recogni tion of the Moscow government. Request From Turks. Paris, Oct. 23.?The 'Angora government, it is said, has asked the Allied high commissioners in Constantinople to have the Greek civil authorities evacuate the Cai Iipoli peninsula and permit Turk ish officials to take their places. 1 South Sea Is Nua Nua, a real South Sea Islan may come to America to act in th< 1 discovered her talent while "shooti India's Northwest Borderland: Ita cial Crazy-Quilt Dispatches from India, detailing the havoc wrought by, raids along the Afghan border, may indicate to those who have traveled in the East merely that India's" "annual frontier war" is on. But, as pointed, out in a bulletin from the Washing- ; ton. D. C, headquarters of the Na tional Geographic Society dealing] with the northwest Indian frontier,! troubles in the East might easily, mean a great deal more. thisyearJ. "With the Near East, Central Asia and India seething with un rest." says the bulletin, "any mud walled Afghan village, with its i battlemented towers might become another Serajevo. Ilillman vs. Plainsman "From Armenia to Waziristan, where ever-wild mountains., desti tute of crops, frown- down on rich valleys and wide fertile- plains, there persists the anachronistic struggle between the freedom-lov ing bandolero of the mountain fast nesses and the peace-loving plains man. Steadfast- stand the fron-! tiers which separate the regions; where law and order are a help! from those where they are a hin drance. v "The tribes which inhabit the! jumble of land between Indus and j the Afghan boundary are a wild lot. Malaria has left its maik on many, but the fittest have surviv ed. Climate and famine, knife and jezail have disposed of the weakr lings. Neither Afghan nor Briton has ever been* able completely to ? subdue the freedom loving moun- j taineers who inhabit this rabbit- 1 hutch of warlike clans which have been used pro and con according to where the beat fighting .was prom ised and the best pay afforded. "These arc the Independent Tribes, each with its own William Tell. And if their independence is noticeable from beyond the breastworks of their beloved hills, i their local independence is just I as marked. For every man who has' fallen before the invader, many another has fallen in the inter minable inter-tribal blood-fueds. "In Ceylon, an Afghan is ah out- j lander who wears wide trousers and ; a peaked cap inside his huge tur ban, whose business is that of bank er, and whose word is as good as gold. Along the northwest fron tier a Pathan is an Afghan who has taken up residence inside the un certain boundary line in India.] There is a considerable confusion of. terms and there are so many tribes' and sub-tribes that even authori-1 ties admit their inability to trace' the linguistic and ethnological di-j visions. Language and Dress Only Bonds J "One might 'call the region the' land of Pushto and postin, for j Pushto is t.li^ language which binds ] most of the tribes together even I more closely than their Mohamme-.! dan religion. The postin, a yellow j sheep-skin coat, with the wool in side, with elaborate embroidery > upon it and a scent which cold alone can kill, is as distinctive a fea ture of the winter costume ;is are! the wide trousers <>r peaked skull cap wrapped round with a white! lungi with flow*tng ends. "The Pathans Ha im descent l from the lost tribes ?f fsraiel. who] were carried captive into Media l?yj Nebuchadnezzar. Thai makes therni close relatives of the Durani Af-j grbans, whose dynasty .still rules*] Afghanistan. Hut there are i'ath-j ans and Patbans, ;m?l locally atl least, they arc called by other na mcs. ??Who has not heard of the Af ridi, the fines* skirmisher in thei world, who languishes in tin;! plains? Taught to distrust all men, especially Iiis near relatives,] . j the Afridi parent baptizes his in-, fant in burglary by passing it J through such a hole in tin* mud wall as the snaky haired thief is! wont to cut and admonishing it to 'Be ;t thief, be a thief.' His rule) is "strike first, or you may not strike at all-' Crafty, treacherous, land Actress id girl of the type famed in romances. i movies. A motion picture director' ng" a picture in Tahiti; fearless, the Afridi is a'true Path an. ;. ?, ?' ?? Ghilzai Makes Fine Figa!? "The man who wins deepest.ad miration is the Ghilzai, upon whose caravaps the frontier trade depends. Once their dynasty. ruled Persia. Now they weave the shuttle of trade hack and forth between Cen tral Asia , and the Indian. -plains, bringing the rich ..rugs of Bokhara Land Persian pussy-cats past, the j stern walls, of K-auli Bazaar in. Pe shawar. Tricky as a gypsy in horse ltrading, full of contempt for the { Hindu and of fellowffeelirig.for the jSilik, w?frions by courage, robbers fby nature, . trader by ? profession, [the Ghilzais are a manly lot whose early forbears., of Turkish origin, j lived in the Central Asian lands J (whence they bring down the dried I fruits of Murghab and the - Zeraf- . ishan. Tramping along with his j heavy necked camels, his powerful chest bared to sun and wind, the ! Ghilzai is a fine figure of a man,; i one who, dropped among the flat-, faced peoples of the South, could! well be thought a god. "Call an Afghan *Wazir' and he will show gratitude. Call.him 'Wa-' ziri' and he may kill you without warning, for the Waziris, the larg est of Pathan tribes, are consid ered as dregs of the earth by their fellow Afghans. Their, women are free and often unfaithful, their, men hotheaded and vain. Their J environment has given them fine bodies, but their souls are unre deemed. The Mohammedans, con sider them barbarians and their reputation for robbery, which is almost legal, and murder, which is often convenient, has brought dis respect to the customs of the bor der. Amid the labyrinth of hills which keeps apart the various peo ples of the ? Northwest. Frontier Province as similar mountains sep arate the many peoples of the Cau casus, the Waziris inhabit a little Switzerland of their own. Nowhere is there a better example of a' re gion where every prospect pleases, and only man is vile. Spurn Shop Keeping and Trading "Manhood is the first requisite of; him who hopesyto join an Afghani tribe. He must win his spurs be-| i fore he is given a wife and his share in the tribal lands, j "Behind the coat of dirt which j j is the right of every tribesman ex cept on durbar days both men and' women are more than ordinarily J [good looking. In most tribes thej I women are jealously guarded and j [the reward for adultery is death ;to the woman and the loss of his' right foot to her paramour. "Warrior, freebooter, marauder,: (thief, the true Afghan will not keep j I a shop or learn a trade. The hills; are his brothers, his knife his bosom; I friend, his matchlock his protec-i !tor. He may lend himself to this! I faction or that, to empire or de-j mocracy, to progress or destruction, j [But above every other interest is: his desire for independence- Di vided into two classes according to whether he dwells in mud-walled { house or heavy tent, the heritage! he seeks is still the open spaces: were he overlooks the plains and friendly contact with the barren,! rugged slopes of his eternal hills."! Wins Scholarship Honor. Culver, Ind.. Oct. 22.?An nouncement was nuide here today of the list of winners of special; Scholarship honors in the corps of "c*dets of C"Ivei- Military A?ul- j ehiy. Matthew V. Korn, son of! C. F*. Korn, of Sumter. S. ('., is one of the winners of the silver medal, which is awarded by the academy of cadets whose average is .85 or above in all grades ;ind who stand; below 80 in no subject. Cadet <* Korn is a member of jhe. infantry R. O. T. C. unit at Culver and has been awarded his "set-up" bars for 1 commendable military carriage and erectness. This is his second year < here. - ? ? ?? A Chicago burglar was sentenced; for robbing a baby's bank. Read this to your husband. AERIAL POISONING OF COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (By C. A. Whittle. Atlanta. Ga.) At Tallulah, La., the United States Department of Agriculture has a laboratory for the study of cotton boll weevils. Tallulah was selected as a site for the laboratory because the region around looked like a boll weevil paradise?and it is. In this favoring habitat, it was reasoned that if the weevil could be whipped, the methods employed would be qeual to the job of whip ping it anywhere. To the Tallulah region with its bayous, jungle growth, typical cot ton plantations and starch less sum mer temperature, B. R. Coad, en tomologist and his scientific assist ants came and buried themselves in their great task of solving the problems of boll weevil control. While many are summerinj^in the mountains or at the beach, these boll weevil investigators are hump ' ed over in the blistering cotton ?fields, in quest of more and more knowledge of the habits of the insect Now and then these scientists have arisen to proclaim a discov ery and each bit of knowledge thus acquired- they have employed to perfect their designs in circumvent ing the weevil. Out of the study and toil of years has come a poison known as calcium arsenate and also machines by which the poison can be proper ly applied. These are the imple I ments of boll weevil warfare. Success has been won. The cot ton farmer is the recipient of im measurable benefits from the dis jcoveries made in solving this insect j control problem which is admit ? ted to be one of the most difficult [ever encountered by entomologists. But. the scientists arc stfll ex I ploring, seeking to find if improve ments can be made on existing means of combat. When the scientific world learn ed that R. B. Coad had requisition ed aeroplanes for use at the Tal \ lulah station there was some won I dering if Dr. Coad had not suc cumber to the strain and if he were not manifesting a tendency to flightiness. He has learned to ride the airy steed and has flown above the clouds long distances to direct pub lic demonstration in poisoning boll weevils, but no evidence of other flightiness has shown up in Dr. Coad's conduct. The writer witnessed a demon stration of boll weevil poisoning from an,aeroplane directed by Dr. Coad at Scott's Station. Miss., to which place his party had driven in two planes from. Tallulah. The plane swung to a position a few feet above the cotton field, released a stream of dust that suddenly shot forth and ducked with great commotion into the cotton field impelled downward and sideward by atmospheric cur rents created by the propeller of the aeroplane. Almost, before one could catch, his breath the*aeroplane had1 cross ed the field; clipped off its tail of dust and was circling for a return. The calcium arsenate it left behind was boiling among the cotton stalks and spreading over a. str%; from thirty to forty yards wide. Directly there was another whirr and in an incredibly short time an other strip of cotton thirty to forty yards wide was seething with this poison dust. The acreage that a plane couli cover in an hour would be enor mous if the field was long and the ttirns of the aeroplane were few, or if all' the cotton farms in a community could be swept across at each straight away flight. "Is there anything practical about it?" was asked of Dr. Coad. "If the poisoning operations were organized on a community basis." he said, "the aeroplane iffcould be used to advantage.' We find that the dust is applied better from an aeroplane than by the present dust ing machines, for the reason that the agitation of the air by the aeroplane propeller breaks the poison dust into fine particles, and creates movements v.of air that thoroughly distributes the poison over all parts of the cotton plants. "On account of breaking up of the calcium arsenate into very j fine particles it is possible effective- j ly to treat a field with half thei amount of poison now required to do effective work with the ordinary dusting machines." Dr: Coad thinks that the flying machines have taught how to in-' crease the efficiency of all the ground machines, in that the fly-, ing machines have demonstrated the benefits of strong air currents. Hence the Tallulah laboratory is considering how the blowing pow ing power of ordinary dusting ma chines may be increased and it is thought that compressed air may help solve the problem. As experiments with flying ma chines continue, observations are being made to improve their effi ciency. The hopper holding the dust is to be extended to the left so the dust will be released where the propeller creates the strongest agitation and the greatest down ward current. The experiments at Tallulah and previous tests with dusting or chards, seem to give promise of a day not far distant, when cotton growers, orchardists and truckers will contract with an aero-poison ing company to take over their tight against insects and disease of crops. . ? ? ? Motor Driven Steamer Ordered for New Zealand j Glasgow, Oct. 7.?An order ha:^ been placed by a New Zealand steamship company for what will he the largest motor driven steam er afloat. She will displace 22,000 tons, will be 600 feet long with a beam of 72 feet, and will have oil engines totalling 12,000 horse-pow er. Cultivating daughter's voice is a harrowing experience for the rest of the family. FIGHTING THE BOLL WEEVIL WITH AEROPLANES Suggestions of New Forces at Wo?"k in Cotton World (Manufacturers Record) The report in this issue of a test made in Louisiana by a govern ment expert in fighting the boll weevil with calcium arsenate dis tributed over the growing plants from aeroplanes opens up a field of almost infinite speculation. To what extent will the aeroplane make feasible the fighting of the boll weevil in all parts of the south, and to what extent will the flying machine come into use for other purposes, are questions which immediately, come to the mind of every thoughtful person. The boll weevil is the menance of civilization, for on the southern cotton crop depends the advance of civilization. It is estimated that of the world's population of about 1.700,000,000 there are one billion people of whom three-fourths are only partly clothed and one-fourth wholly unclothed. The advancement of. civilization is marked by the amount of clothes that are worn, and in this respect 'the south's cotton measures to a large extent the progress of civile years ago that the missionary of the gospel, as he penetrates the wilds of Africa and opens up to modern conditions the isles of the sea, is an advance agent for Amer ican cotton, since an increased con sumption of cotton goods goes hand in hand with religious and educational progress. I The south could live without the ; production of cotton. It's farmers could turn to diversified agriculture, and make as large profit as they can possibly make in raising cotT ton. even, at miich higher prices than those now prevailing. It would have been a blessing to the south .if it had never raised a bale of cotton, for then "it would have been the center of diversified agri culture in this country. It would have grown rich on diversifiedv farming and on the vast industrial development which would have made this section the center of manufacturing in America long be fore this, if it had not been that cotton proved its curse. The growth of cotton resulted in the spread of slavery, and slavery enchained the south to a false sys tem of economic development. To the'South as a whole slavery and cotton proved a curse beyonl the power Of words to express, but cot ton produced - by slave labor brought uhtdld blessings to the rest of the world. A" distinguished F.ng lish historian weif said that the cotton industry of Great Britain I made possible1 England's ability to recover financially from the fear ful cost of the Napoleonic" wars; 'but while the.south was thus bless ing the rest of the world it was be ing robbed of its own birthright: Following the Civil War, which came about largely as a result of the economic theories developed by the raising of cotton by slave labor, the south was in deep and desper ate poverty* and the financial and cotton forces of the world were then concentrated to keep cotton at a price which enslaved the cotton growers, whites and blacks, to a far greater extent than-the slavery vt the blacks prior to 1860. ?i Every man who has sought to break down the price.. of cotton, has to the extent of his ability used his influence to bring great poverty and suffering to the cot ton growers of the south. To the influence of such people is due the fact that hundreds of thousands of women work in the cotton fields; that hundreds of thousands of children are without education, because they, too, must werk in the cotton fields. Cotton has been raised through the slavery not only of the white and the. black men, but of the white an# black wo-' men and children, and yet there are some cotton manufacturers in this country, who like European cotton manufacturers, view with the ut most horror any effort on the part of southern cotton growers to get a living price for their work. I As the cotton mill people of the south, and some from other sec tions, meet and mingle with textile machinery manufacturers and cot ton growers and cotton mill opera tives at the Greenville Exposition now open, they should remember that it is just as essential, from the business as well as from the ethical point of view, that they do all in their power to benefit'the cotton grower as it is to help make com fortable the surroundings of the cot ton mill operative. The cotton grow er indeed is in one sense an em ploye of the cotton mill. He is simply producing cotton for the benefit of the mill, without which the mills would close. He is the associate, the co-worker, the part ner of the mill owner and the 1 stock holder in the mill, and off the mill operatives. The mill own er or stockholder who fails to real- j ize that he has just as great a re- j sponsibility to the cotton grower j as* to the niilL operatives is short- i sighted, even when viewed from the purely selfish standpoint. Un less the cotton manufacturers, not only the managers of mills, but the stockholders in mills, take a; vital, living interest ir bettering the j condition of cotton growers: unless I they endeavor to see that better homes are provided for them: that I :l better price is secured for their | cot*on, they will be just as recreant, j to their moral responsibilities and j to the welfare of their industries as they would be if they continued to permit their operatives to live in huts on a starvation wage basis, caring not lor their moral or phy sical well-being. The cotton mill people of the south hold a dominating position in this section. They are great leaders in its i material develop ment and they have it within their power to change the thought of the world as to the price of cotton. They should stand with the cotton grower and fight for his welfare ization. It was well id many V :and for a profitable price for Tai3_ (products. In-that way they would break down or conquer the effort^ of manufacturers in other sections and in Europe to regard the cot ton grower of the south merely -fs a piece of human machinery'to Re worked to the utmost limit of its power and then thrown on the ?crap heap of disease and poyerry." The southern cotton mill people can change the atmosphere ki which the cotton growing business lives. They can encourage the cot ton far/ner. They can stand for higher prices for him, for better living conditions, whether he be white or black, and in doing ?v>. they will not only insure the safety'* of their own supply- of raw. -ma terial for the future b*ut they add amazingly to the . wealth hi every class of people in the south. Until cotton brings a profitable* ; price to -the grower there can b> 3 no well rounded development of. prosperity of all classes^ of the south, and unless cotton does bring a profitable price to the growers it is absolutely eertaia that more and more this section will turn from cotton to diversi fied agriculture, to the increasing profit of the farmers, and gradual ly to the wider diversification of the prosperity of the whole souths But if southern farmers cease to grow cotton?and |hat it is not at all an impossibility?where wit! the cotton mills of the south," of New England, and of the rest of lite world get their raw material? This is a question which southern cot ton manufacturers and others who meet in Greenville this week may well consider as of vifal import ance to them, viewed from *fb> moral or the purely business stand point. H FORD TO FIGHT FOR MUSCLE SHOALS "r- ? ? Henry Ford has not abandoned his Rlan for the development . of Muscle Shoals, and in a dispatch from Detroit to the Wall Street Journal he is quoted as follows: " . "Henry Ford denies current re ports that he had become disguste? with the delays that his offer fdr Muscle Shoala had been subjected to during the last session of Con gress and had decided to drop all efforts to secure a favorable vote on the project. "Any statement that I have l?st interest in Muscle Shoals or am contemplating a withdrawal of aar offer is simply a lie," he said em phatically. "I've reached the' point " where I'm tired of saying that peo ple who continually misrepresest my position in regard; to- Muscle "Shoals are merely mistaken, in stead of that Tm going to say they are just plain liars. We are in the Muscle-Shoals project to stay. We haven't started to figh^. "> Mr. Mayo, our chief engineer, has been at Washington for a few weeks, more as a source of information than anything else, helping the congressional committee ail that h* could in explaining bur prcpoatsoii and generally making more coxnpI$? cated engineering problem pUss, but outside of that we have dome nothing. "The opposition has been print ing pamphlets by the thousands, lining up great and politically pow erful business interests, who feel they might be injured if we pro duced a cheap aluminum or fer-. tilizer, to exert their influence in every way against our propb^Kh*^ We have let them, play their string out. . r "When the time* comes .we will do our fighting?if it is necessary. And if it does, some >people/ - wfll know they have been in a fight-" It fs a well-known fact thai thtr fertilizer interests, the aluminum interests and some others are bit terly opposed to Mr. Ford, where in they are making a very serious technical blunder for their own welfare. The fertilizer interests profess to believe that Mr. Ford cannot make cheap fertilizers, /ft they really believed that they would have no cause whatever to oppose his plan. If he cannot pro duce and sell fertilizers at a low^r cost-to farmers than the-present, price, then the fertilizer people have no ground of complaint whatr ever. If the Aluminum Company of America is afraid of the possi bility of Mr. Ford producing alum inum at a lower cost than that company is making this product and 4s fighting him on that ground, it is selfishly standing in the way of the broad development of* the South for its own financial profit,, and that is a position which - no great industry, dependent upon the progress of the country for its prosperity, can afford to take. The water power interests also fighting Mr. Ford, and they too. of course, are doing it from a selfish standpoint but it would seem that they have a littie bet^r fighting ground than either the fertilizer people or the aluminum people, but they are helping to stand in the way of a deveh>pment whicn if carried out according to Mr. Ford's plans would bring about enormous prosperity to a large sec tion of the South, and thus to the country. The time has passed when great business Interests c%nX afford selfishly to fight public im provements which would inure to the betterment of the country merely because these improvements would interfere with their own in dividual prosperity.. We are glad, therefore, that Mr. Ford proposes to fight and to fight vigorously and agrg-ressively. a$d we take it from the statement that he will be able to say to the op ponents of his plan, "Lay on, Mac Duff, and damned be he who first cries hold, enough." The Powell Paving Company, contractors for the hard paving 4n the Pinewood road, have comolef ed the concrete work to Old Ford Bridge and are at work on tbe grading in the vicinity of Mr. ^5. A. Harvin's place. ? Turkey might as well understand - that the way of the transgressor is barred.