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HEADER LEWIS CLAIMS ?MONVICTORY President of the Mine Workers' Union Is sues Statement Say ing Miners Have Won Three Main Points Cieveiand, Ohio. Aug. 16 (By the Associated Press). *i? Before leaving for Philadelphia, tonight to take part in the anthracite ne gotiations there tomorrow, John lu Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers of America, an nounced that additional agree ments amounting to approximate- . ty I0.?O0.0?O tons annual soft coal j production was executed here today in the settlement, in part, of the j bituminous coal -strike". ' -Acceptance of the approximate- j ly 60,000,000 tons annual produc-j tion represented in the conference j of .miners and operators yesterday \ and the execution - of additinal j agreements today involving some- ! thing more than*; 10,000,00 tons! production gives the ^settlement im- ? petus that will be irresistible," Mr. j Lewis said in a statement today. ; He predicted that a general ac- i ^ceptance of agreements by practi- j cally all operating units Tn the or- j ganized sections of the bituminous" industry would be*in effect within ; a short time. ... - y~. "This constitutes an object les- j son that will be especially helpful j in adjusting the strike, rm the an thracite fields," Mr.. Lewis said. "Despite unfavorable economic conditions and with the tremen dous political and financial influ-' ences raised against us, we are emerging from the conflict victor ious," the statement said. ? He said the miners had won the three "main and principal issue3 involved in the strike* of 650,000 j miners in the anthracite and bitu- j minous mining Industry." "The miners have won their con- j tention against the idea of single ] state settlements with their unions \ split up into thirty or more segre- \ gated groups," the statement said. "The miners have won their fight against a reduction of wages In the mining industry. . "The miners have likewise won their fight for retention of collec tive bargaining as against substitu tion of arbitration'." Asked regarding^ the policy of the United Mine Workers regarding its members in non-union fields, Mr. Lewis said: "It is ille.:intention* QfAthe United Mine Workers to exercise the full moral and financial* strength of thej organization to sustain^aad protect j its members in their $g$t against j powerful non-union: in^fests, who j may continue to fight the prin-j ciples of collective 2 bai^faining in \ the various producing fields. The j same policy will be applied-as re- j gards any coal company, hitherto ? recognizing the union, which may! decline to accept the basis of set-; tlement as .negotiated-in *the Cleve- i land conference." . ? - -?- ? ! Washington, Aug. IB.-"?President j Harding in his contemplated state ment to congress upon the national industrial situation will suggest leg islation giving the federal fuel emergency organizations power to 1 control the distribution and price \ of coal to safeguard the country; against hardship this, winter, ac-i cording to officials who talked with ! the chief executive. The president was reported to be ] considering seriously recommen-; dations for final legislation to pro-j ?vide legal p?wers to supplant the j voluntary system of coal control \ now in operation <and was under- j ?stood to have before him a draft of: a tentative plan of fuel ad minis-j tration prepared by Secretary Hoover. Creation of a federal 2oal | commission also would be recom- j mended, it was reported, which j would be designed to make a j thorough investigation*of the nat- \ ional coal, industry and'suggest leg- ! islation for the permanent solution j of labor problems. Pending the enactm-*vit of em- j powering legislation, the central j coal distribution comrartlee. h'gh i officials indicated, would continue fuel control under voluntary price agreements. Existing fair price agreements made with Mr. Hoover by produc ing, operators were to be in effect during the week but a meeting of the federal coal committee with the commerce secretary and Fuel Distributor Spencer today, to con sider the effect of partial settle ment of the mine controversy upon price arrangements, decided that the arrangements would hold until production was more largely resum ed. Mr. Spencer declared it could not yet be assumed that the strike was settled and as operators gen erally were showing no inclination to withdraw their cooperation there would be no change for the mo ment. Application of fair price agreements to the union mine fields as they resume production, he said, was now under cosnideration by the federal organization. Free Staters Capture DumaJk Civil War in Ireland Going Against Irregulars Belfast. August 1J?The recap ture of Dundalk by the national army troops from Irish insurgents was confirmed in Belfast this after noon. Hundreds of irregulars were taken prisoners. SOUTHERN ASKS COURT'S PROTECTION Injunctions Obtained From the Federal Courts Against the Strikers Who Are Interferring With Workmen Asheville, X. C Aug. 16.?Tem porary injunction restraining all striking employes, members of the various crafts, their officers or agents, within the jurisdiction of the United States district court for Western North Carolina, from In terfering with the movement of interstate commerce, United States mails or employes of the Southern railway at Spencer or Salisbury, was signed in United States district court here ttils afternoon. The in junction was signed by Judges James E. Boyd of Greensboro and E. Yates of Shelby. Similar injunctions, railroad at torneys said, had been asked for iii every state in which the South ern operates. The temporary restraining in junction issued this afternoon is declared by attorneys to cover ac tion of all the crafts out on strike at all points on the Southern rail way, with specific restraint on in dividuals at Salisbury and Spencer. Defendants named in the injunc- : tion against shop craft organiza- j tiohs and individuals have been! ordered to show * cause, if any. on August 26 at 11 o'clock at Greens-I boro why injunction should not be j granted. K. M. Ellis of Spencer, who was elected president of the North j Carolina Federation of Labor Tuesday night, is one of the indi viduals against whom the restrain ing order is issued, as district rep resentative of the federated shop crafts of the Southern railway. "Three hundred or more strikers and sympathizers refused to allow special guards to leave the train ! when they arrived at Salisbury for special duty Tuesday night," the ? attorneys asserted. . J It is reported that several of the j guards are missing." Washington, Aug. 16.?Reports i received by Attorney General! Daugherty are that "serious trou ble has occurred in connection with the railway shopmen's strike at Spencer, N. C." Strike sympa thizers, he said tonight had, ac cording to his reports, entered the shops, routed workers and had even intimidated railway police. An appeal had been made for marines and troops, the attorney general said he had been informed, adding, however, that no federal action was being taken at present, although United States marshals were "on the job." Charlotte, N. C, Aug. 16.?It was stated tonight at the office of the general superintendent of trans : portation of ;he Southern railway lines East, that while "strenuous picketing" prevailed at the Spencer shops no outbreaks or violence had been reported to headquarters here. Reports were current in the city ; that numbers of labor union mem bers here had received messages during the day urging them to be at Spencer tonight. There were no notable develop ments in the strike situation today, so far a^ had been reported in Salisbury early tonight, according to a message to the Charlotte Observ er from its correspondent at Salis bury, about three miles from Spencer. The correspondent adds that a dozen negroes employed at the shops, who were paid off yes terday, left today of their own ac cord. Raleigh. N. C.^ Aug. 16?Gov-1 ernor Morrison will go to the j Spencer shops of 4he Southern j railway tomorrow on his way from j Blowing Rock to Raleigh and make a personal investigation of the sit- ! I uation there, following calls for. troops from the sheriff of Rowan j county. Statement to this effect was au- : j thorized by Governor Morrison j who communicated with his pri- i j vate secretary, William H. Rich- I ; ardson. at Raleigh by long dis- j ! t?nce telephone. In the meanwhile, according to! j a statement from the governor, or- ! i ders for troops were held in abey- I I ance but the adjutant general has I been ordered to hold himself in ! 1 readiness for instructions, i i . Speneer, N. C, Aug. 16.?While j there is evident an audercurrent j of tenseness, the situation at the ! ' Southern railway shops tonight was somewhat more quiet than !usual. About 1.700 men are on )>U ki t duty, many of them armed, | it is said, while 150 men are re- j ! ported to be working in the shops heavily armed. Small groups of men have gone I to work in the shops at intervals (luring the la>-t two days, the men being met at the trains by special guards and escorted through the picket lines, while numbers of oth ers who have arrived here have been prevented by the pickets from entering the shops, these not being escorted by guards While comparative quiet reigned tonight, it was reported that al most every night during the last week or two men who had been employed in the shops were kid napped and beaten, an average of two men each night being thus treated. Six men were beaten one night, within the last week, ac cording to these reports, which eminated from sources regarded as i in sympathy with the strikers. ; All ot* the 1,700 men on strike ! here served in relays on picket i duty, the heavy picket lines being j maintained throughout the day ! and night. ! New Orleans, Aug. 16. ? The ? New Orleans & Northeastern rail j road company (Southern railway) I was granted an injunction by Judge ! Rufus E. Foster in United States j district court today restraining I striking railway employees from ? interfering with the handling and j operation of the road's trains. The [injunction applies to Louisiana i only. ?? Bathing Suits and Immorality. (Greenville News). The sanctimonious editor of The Union Times is in a tantrum about the abbreviated bifurcated and well nigh nebulous bathing suits worn at the municipal swimming pool in his town and declares they must go. The swimming pool, he says, "is a real menace to morals and shocks the sensibilities of thoughtful people." Not only is the "indiscriminate mixing of the sexes repulsive to decency," but "many things have been reported as going on there" he'has refrain ed from publishing. So he suggests, nay, demands, that the city fathers build another pool, or allow the! pool to be used on alternating days I by the two sexes. The liberally devout editor of the Greenwood Index-Journal, who is j of the same denomination of the j Union protagnist, is baffled about the complaint of his fellow editor, j He argues thus: The Times admits it is a bif old fashioned, an old fogey probably, but confesses-to not being able to understand this thing: A woman who would walk up Union's Main street in a bathing suit would be j arrested and locked- up. Exactly, j That is, she would be now, but who j knows a few years hence? So why j permit its use in a public swimming ; pool ?. The Times' point about a bath- j ing suit on the street and in a j swimming pool Is not quite con- j vincing. For example, even 50 j years ago surf .bathing was con- J sidered quite proper, and the sexes mingled freely in the sport, but the bathing suits were really suits and not mere bee-vee-dees between the body' and the elements, and mighty little of that. Even those suits, however, would have sub jected the wearer to arrest if they had been sported, on some business street or residence street away from the beach. The trouble is that the thing has gone too far and is going too fast to be stopped now. The old timers might as well get their eyes used to it. Declaring that "immorality is a j purely civilized vice," he confesses that he neither sides w-ith the Union editor nor totally disagrees j with him. but is dazed. "We do not i know what we are to see next," he j concludes. The connection between dress | and morals has never been fully j explained to us. In a New York j newspaper the other day we read an j extract from a sermon delivered by j a minister 50 years ago criticising j women for lax morals because they let'their hair grow too long. Very*] probably, there were complaints at \ that time, too, against the kind of j bathing suits that were worn. From the pictures we have seen they were much more extreme than i the dresses which are now fearless ly denounced by purists. Excess is its own cure and if j the bathing suits' now worn are | conducive to immorality they will | evolute to a more ihodest standard. I It is much more likely that morals j will determine. dress than that j dress will determine morals The Blooms. The presence of big bolls this year is not a test of the crop, nor blooms. Many squares are bloom- i ing that contain worms. While one Richmond county man tells me j that thirteen out of fifteen of his i big bolls have in the last few days been found to be punctured*, yet another man says that he has -no weev'ls, but this latter man made a good crop last year, but this man turned under his cotton early in the season and planted his cot ton far away from woods, barns, etc. South Georgia seems to be making a good orop but her cotton is very early and she is picking Jt now at a great rate. South Geor gia this year too. is making a fine tobacco crop and is getting a big price for it and South Georgia ought to be a very prosperous sec tion this fall and winter. A let ter from Sumter county. S. C, say^: "Our county used to grow forty five thousand bales of cotton a year but this year we will probably get no more than twelve thousand." ?N. L. Willet, in Augusta Chron icle. Texas Not an El Dorado. I find the minds of a few cotton I farmers turning to Texas; I have a I letter this week from a planter in Texas who wants to move to Beau i fort. Said he "I want to get a safer agricultural country than 'Texas. We have here too many i failures from climatic conditions : which man cannot combat. In win ter our cattle are destroyed by ! northers and in summer our gen eral crops are injured by terrific I heat, hot winds and drought. ! Texas too. is too far away from (the balance of creation: it carries ! hauls that are too long and with [too high freight rates. As to cot | ton. Texas makes failures in this ; crop just as does other sections." -?X. L. Willet in Augusta Chronicle. i Mr. Fred R. Sibert, personal worker with Robert Browning evan gelistic party, will talk to the Bus iness Men's Christian club at the Y. M. C. A. Thursday evening at S o'clock. Meeting open to all ' men HARDING j NOT YET READY FOR SHOWDOWN, j ______ President Will Await j Development at the j Conference of Rail-! road Officials and J Strikers Before Go-| ing Before Con-j gress _ i Washington, Aug. 16.?Agree- j ment between railroad executives t and railroad labor organization j leaders to hold another conference i tomorrow in Xew Yok to seek a j settlement of the shopmen's strike, it was said today, hud resulted in president questioning the desira bility of making his expected re port to congress and the eountvy on the strike situation within the next few hour.-. Plans made for the reception of his communica tion tomorrow, at a joint session of the house and senate consequently were understood to be on the verge of a revision tonight, as the president was represented as being desirous of withholding his state ment of the case if the union's; chiefs and the railroad presidents could hold out any prospect of a mutually satisfactory settlement Heads of the seven railroad la- j bor organizations on strike met to day with the officials of the unions j not involved in the controversy, and after some delay reached a de- f cision to take almost the entire j group to New York for discussion ' with the executives. Though off ficers of the five organizations of train service employes, the engi-J neers, firemen, conductors, brake-1 men and switchmen, will be the j only ones actually to meet the com mittee of railway executives, their: chairman. Warren S. Stone, dcclar-' ed they desired close at hand all i the strike leaders and the spokes- j men for all the other railroad | unions. Some objection to this i plan developed among the strike j leaders, but they finally arranged' to j send most of their group, including j B. M. Jewell, teir chairman, to j Xew York, and to call in all con- | cerned in case any settlement pro- i posals emerged from the discus- i sion. Mr. Stone and the brotherhood I officials who will meet with the rail, executives declared they were not! taking any prepared proposition to J the meeting with the manage ments. "I wouldn't be fool enough to' put it in the newspapers if I had ! one, anyway," Mr. Stone remark ed. L. E. Shepnard. president of the j Order of Conductors, said the de mand of the strikers for full se-' niority status in case of their re-1 turn to work could not be modified. I and the views of the strike le?dersj appeared to coincide entirely with I this position. The seniority question : has been the crucial issue in thej strike situation ever since the or-? ganizations now out of service j agreed to order their men back j pending rehearing before the Rail-) road Labor Board of wage * cuts ' which went into effect July 1. President Harrison, of" the j Southern Railway, who announced1 early this week, after attempting.' unsuccessfully to deal separately* with the striking unions on thej basis of granting them the sen-: iority demand, that the Southern j would nroceed to employ outside j men, is**?i??d a statement today de-j blaring that "people all over the i South .... now demand that this | strike be fought out." Public opin ion could restore normal transpor- j tation. he said, but if it "supports; the determination of the striking | shopmen to disregard the tribunal! set up by congress to do them justice and agrees that they may j write their own pay checks, then there may be a resumption of work! on that basis, but freight rates: must be again increased." President Harding, who was un- \ derstood to be preparing his mes- i sage to congress, held discussions j concerning it during the day with Senator Lodge. Republican leader] in the senate. It was considered i certain, advisers said, that he; would not request legislation to J deal with the rail strike, although! it was regarded as probable he! would assure congress that such J a request would be made if thej situation necessitated. ! It was said to be his intention j to explain the whole industrial sit-j uation in the light of steps taken j by- the administration with refer- j ence to the strikers and it was con- ! sidered probable that he would ex press a determination to give fed-j eral aid and protection to efforts! to keep the railroads running. This-' determination, it was suggested, in- ' clined him to delay his pronounce- [ meats for a few hours at least, lest j they affect the continued efforts of' non striking unions, to mediate for! the strikers. Railroad traffic is continuing to j maintain a fair volume, according! to reports t<> the Association of! Railway Executives, during the' week ending August ?". 851,351 cars being loaded with freight. This; was said to !"% a redaction of S.- j 382 cars from the previous wee*., : but an increase of 65.173 cars or the corresponding week cf IPi'l. Dai .Tulj .':!. the associaiton also said, there were 174,927 surplus freight cars in good repair on lines imme diately available for service. This1 was a decrease of lix.3cars from : the number in surplus on .July 23. The squabbling indulged in by j the men candidates for state su-1 perintendent cf education is mak ing votes for the women candi dates. CAMPAIGN DAY ! AT LAURENS f; UNEVENTFUL Swearingen and Hope Deal in Personali-1 ties in Trying to Win Office of Super-; intendent of Eduea tion Lauren?. Aug. Hi. ? Speaking [ from the top of a dry goods box: on the lawn of the Laurer.s High school, oandidatse for state offices j today addressed an audience esti- : mated at from one thousand to fifteen hundred voters of this coun- j ty. Included in the number were | a large number of women who join- j ed with the men in generously ap- \ plauding the various speakers. The meeting began in the county j court house hut adjourned to the | front of the high s'chool ' building ? because of the constantly increas- j ing number in the audience. This ; location was soon found to be in- j adequate aiso. and the presiding i Chairman C. A. Powers announced j that the remainder of the candi- j dates would be heard on the lawn i of the school building. It was on : this part of the lawn, perched on a dry goods box that the issues of paramount importance to the vot ers of the state were discussed. In several respects the race for state superintendent of education overshadowed that of gubernatorial candidates, due to the three-cor nered controversyy between John F. Swearingen, J. H. Hope and Cecil ; H. Seigler. In the race for com- 1 missioner of agriculture,. Geo. TV. "Wightman and B. Harris, the in- ' qumbent followed up the thrusts taken at the Greenwood meeting on Tuesday. The candidates for, Lieutenant Governor also went ?further into the charge that one of j the number was being run as the : candidate of a certain institution, j E. B. Jackson, a former Citadel j man, denied the charge that he was in the race as a Citadel man alone, j but said that he was glad that he held the support and confidence of ; his former comrades and fellow , students. < i For governor, the various can- ! didates made about their usual ad dresses. Former Governor Blease, j T. G. McLeod. and George K. Lan- j ey, all received a generous amount ; of applause. x ' J. J. Cantey continued his at- j tack on Blease. "William Coleman, among other things advocated a ' constitutional convention to revise the state constitution. John T. Duncan, who was generously ap plauded on several occasions, said j that he had been informed that; Blease was in the employment of . certain members of the Republican i party, and had been receiving the 1 sum of $50,000 per year since 1910. : He had scarcely made this declara- j tion before some one in the audi- i ence cried out "that is too thin to ; hold water," while others yelled "Hurrah for Blease." Mr. Blease continued to de nounce the Manning and Cooper ! administration, and announced op- ] position to taxing of "poor man's j soft drinks and the poor man's; moving picture show, when the club man's whiskey and the rich : man's operas are not taxed." He ; continued to flay the budget com mission, the public welfare com- ! mission and the tax commission. ! He declared that the boll weevil ; politicians had damaged the state j more than hftd the boll weevil it- j self. Mr. Laney made an earnest plea for education, saying it had been ! his fight to place an education j within the reach of every white ! boy and girl in the state. He said ! that he had no disposition to shirk ! any work of his, and claimed re- ' sponsibility for some of the large appropriations which had been dis cussed. He told of his fight to aid the farmers, and particularly of his connection with the fertilizer and : state warehouse bills. He review ed the expenditure of the state | funds with reference to the conv : mon schools. Thomas G. McLeod declared that he stands for new sources of reve nue, of generous appropriations to the Confederate veterans, of good schools and for economy in the op eration of government, as well as a luxury tax. However, he declared the question of law enforcement to ; be the vital issue before the people . ox" the state today, and placed him- I self on record as favoring the en forcement of laws without fear or favor. Replying to Mr. Swearingen's re marks at Greenwood, J. H. Hope '?aid that as to his character he pointed anyone to the people of Union, where he has lived and worked for the past twenty years. I However, he declared that his pri- : vate life was his own. and that "if I have to go through a sewer pipe to get the ofiice I don't want it." j Continuing Mr. Hope said: "One of r.\y opponents yesterday fold a dirty, contemptible lie. and I told him so this morning." Mr. Swe?ringeu said that he had not made any fight on Mr. Hope until the latter had mentioned his name at the first five campaign meetings. 'i>ut if ho wants to*fight ' 1 say put nn a blindfold and I will meet him at any time." Mr. Swear-i ingen also added that Mr. Hope had spent one year in Geogia. and asked hte voters to investigate that part of his record for themselves. Cecil [I. Seigler. of Aiken. said that, as far as he was concerned, (he incident was closed, although ue did mention at Greenwood some thing about Mr. Hope not buying books for his children, but that he (Mr. Seigler) had since been in-; formed Hint the children of Mr. Hope lived with their grandfather. George W. Wightman charged agents in Harris' employ had paid $4.50 per day for hotel bills, and these had been O. K.'d by Harris, "while 1 get good rooms at a rate of only $3.50 a day," Mr. Wight man said. Mr. Harris did not refer to the "picture peddler" incident. Law Against Coal Profiteering; -- Secretary Hoover Will Appeal to Congress for Law to Con trol Prices Washington. Aug. 15.?Congress will be called upon for legal ?weapons to arm the government for war against coal profiteer?, it j was announced today by high ad ministration officials. Legislation! will be required, it was declared, to j assure price control and equitable j distribution of fuel even in the event of a settlement of the whole I national coal controversy. Coal operators. Secretary Hoover j stated, were breaking away from the fair price agreements except in i some districts in Virginia and West; Virginia, and congress, he declar- j ed. must act to check advancing: charges and at the same time au- j thorize the continuance of the fed- j eral distribution machinery now! functioning by volunteer services j which could not continue indefi- ? nitely. Mr. Hoover indicated that about a week's study of the situa tion, and the effect of the Cleve land agreement on production, would be required before the nec essary legislation could be fra-med. Attorney General Daugherty de clared that several plans were al-' ready under consideration to com bat coal profiteers and that careful j study would be given to the pro- ! posed legislation. Continuance of! the federal distribution machinery] would be necessary, Mr. Hoover i asserted and especially to meet the j anthracite situation and provide | for the requirements of the north west section before winter sets in. ! As soon as anthracite was available, I he declared, distribution of hard j coal would be superivsed by the federal organization along the lines j now in practice for the movement j of bituminous. , Competitive bidding by railroads I and public utilities for fuel, accord-| ing to reports to the central com- I mittee, has disturbed the agreed price levels and the carriers were asked today by Mr. Spencer to make no offers for coal at prices above the Hoover levels. "AGRARIAN REVOLUTION" j Being Born in Country, J.j Skottowe Wannamaker Says York, August 15?"An agrarian revolution is being born as a re sult, of the mistreatment of the farmers that will sweep the coun try," declared J. Skottowe Wanna maker, president of the American Cotton Association, 'addressing 1,500 farmers at the annual Tirzah agricutural picnic today. Other speakers were J. Clifton Rivers, state warehouse commissioner, and Alfred Scarborough, treasurer of the South Carolina Cooperative Marketing Association. Dr. J. B. Johnson, president of the South t Carolina Cotton ? Association, pre-{ sided. One Week's Murder Record. (News and Courier). Seven homicides in six days was the murder record in South Caro- j lina last week: seven killings of j white people by white people; two I in Greenville county, two in Barn well county, one in Greenwood! county, one in Aiken county and | one in Beaufort county. Liquor was at the bottom of three of these J killings, or had some part at least i in bringing them about; but appar ently liquor cannot be held re sponsible for the others. . They illustrate rather?as all seven of the killings do for that matter? j the denlorable cheapness of *hu- , man life in this state and country. There is no other country in the world with any, claim to call itself civilized where human life is of so little account that it can be, shed '< ith the freedom which we tolerate i here. Last year, according to fig- i ures produced at the meeting of the j American Bar Association in San Francisco, there were 9,500 "unlaw ful homicides in the United States. In ten years 85,000 persons ?a population as large as that of ; a city like Charleston?have been ; killed "by poisons, by the pistol | or the kmfe, or some other deadly! instrument." In the presence of such statistics; Americans should stand appalled.! The murder record in South Car-1 olina would shock and horrify any j people except a people whose sen- < sibility to the meaning of such a state of affairs had been blunted j by familiarity. This is indeed the; worst part of it all. It is brought j home to us now by the fact that j in a State with a white population I of considerably less than a million ! tiie lives of seven white men can j be snuffed out by violence in less j than a week's time and the public j anxiety remain virtually undisturb- I ed and its tranquiiity virtually un- j ruffled Are we to continue indefinitely j in South Carolina to accept sav agery as a matter of course? The time for paying 1021 taxes] without sheriff's costs expires Aug- j ust 31st. Executions w ill be turn- j ed over to the sheriff on Septem- j her 1st. County Treasurer Wal- j lace has made out approximately j 6,000 executions for delinquent I taxes?the greatest number in the j history of the county. There were j about 1,000 executions issued for! delinquent taxes in 1920. How Dr. Bell Came to Be An in ventor. The fascinating story of how he ..' . . ; . ?? ?.'.->"? i came to be an inventor was charm- j ingly recorded by Dr. Alexander j Graham Bell in the course of his j last published article, "Prehistoric j Telephone Days," contained in the ! National Geographic Magazine for ! March, 1922. Especial interest attaches to j this article, not only because of its historic value as relating the steps leading up to the invention of the j telephone, but because it is one of j the few occasions when Dr. Bell, j in his many writings, engaged in : personal reminiscences. "I will have to go back to my grandfather, Alexander Bell of London. England," Dr. Bell wrote. I Studied Speech Mechanism "He was an elocutionist and a ! corrector of defective utterance. He ' was the first in the family to take up the study cf the' mechanism of speech with the object of correct ing defects of speech by explaining to his pupils the correct positions of the vocal organs in uttering the sounds that were defective. "My grandfather took a great deal of interest in my education. My school life had been charac terized by great indifference to the usual school studies and I took a I very low rank in my classes. The j subjects in which I really excell-; ed, such as music, botany, and nat ural history, formed no part of; the school curriculum. Music His Earliest Hobby. "Music especially was my earl-! iest hobby. I learned to play, the piano at such an early age that I have no recollection now of a tim$ when I could not play. I seem to have picked it up by myself with out any special instruction, and although I know nothing of writ ten music, I could play anything I heard by ear and could impro vise at the piano for any length of time. , "I am inclined to think, how ever, that my early passion for mu sic had a good deal to do in pre paring me for the scientific study of sound. "As a child. I took a great deal of interest in flowers and plants and formed a large herbarium, ar ranged according to the Linnean system of botany. "My collet tion of plants gradual ly gave way to collections of shells" and birds' eggs. Them came but terflies and beetles and finally tb.2 Skeletons of small, animals, like frogs and toads, mice and rats. Got Pig For Dissection "On one occasion my father pre sented me with a dead sucking pig, and the 'distinguished profes sor of anatomy' was called upon for a lecture. So a special meeting of 'The Society for the Promotion of Fine Arts among Boys* was heJd in my study, the att^ic of my fath er's house (13 South Charlotte street, Edinburgh). This was sac red to me, and there my collections presented an imposing array of anatomical specimens . "I can see in these natural-his tory collections a preparation for scientific work. The collection of material involved the close obser vation of the likeness and differ ences of objects of very similar sliua,, and the orderly arrange ment, as in a museum, stimulated ihe formation of generalizations vof various kinds. "My father encouraged me ?n making collections of all sorts and in arranging the specimens in ac cordance with my oxvn ideas rath er than in conformity with the ideas of others. I am inclined to think that the making of these collec tions formed an important part of my education and was responsible for my early bent toward scientific pursuits. Had to Learn Shakespeare "My grandfather was well known as a Shakespearean scholar and a public reader of Shakespeare's plays; so, of course, I had to make myself familiar with the plays of Shakespeare and commit to memory long passages from 'Hamlet,' 'Macbeth/ 'Julius Cae sar,' and The Merchant of Venice/ "He also gave me instruction in the mechanism of speech and permitted me to be present at '3ie instruction of some of his pupils so that I might observe for myself his methods of correcting defective ut terance. "I have found it necessary to. al lude to my grandfather, and to his work in correcting defective ut terance, not only on account of the influence he exerted upon my own life, but because the profession he founded became in process of time a family profession, which was handed down to his children and grandchildren. His two sons,, for example, followed it. Took up Study of Vibrations "I took up the study of the na ture of the vibrations going on in the air during the utterance of; speech with the object of develop-: ing an apparatus that would en- j able my deaf pupils to see and recognize the forms of vibration characteristic of the various ele- ? ments of speech. Various instru ments were devised employing; loaded stretched membranes, all leased upon the well-known pho nautograph of Leon Scott; and these experiments paved the way for the appearance of the first j membrane telephone, the ancestor! of ail the telephones of today.. j "It will thus be seen that the^ j work of my father had a great and j important influence in fitting me j to grapple with the problems of j the telephone. "At the age of IS years I com- '?. municated to Mr. Ellis my discov- ! ery that in uttering the vowel ele- | ments of speech faint musical tones '? could he heard accompanying the sound of the voice. "These feeble tones seemed to j be characteristic of the different vowels, and had the same pitches; as the resonance tones of the va- ' rious cavities formed in the mouth when the vowel positions were si- i lently assumed and the resonance tones brought out by tapping j against a pencil held against the j cheek or threat. Experiments of Heimholtz "Mr. Ellis expressed great inter- j est, but informed me that I had | been anticipated by Heimholte, who had not only analyzed vowel sounds into their constituent mu sical elements, but had actually* produced vowel sounds by a syn I thetical process, by combining mu I sical tones of the required pitches^ j and relative intensities. He had i produced these musical tones by i means of tuning-forks which were I kept in vibration by an -electrical i current, and had controlled the rel-* {ative intensities by resonators ap plied to the forks. "At this time I knew nothing j whatever about electricity, and found myself quite unable to un l derstand, from Mr. Ellis' expl?na j tion, how tuning-forks could be* I made to vibrate by an electrical j current. 11 I "Helmholtz' work had not then i been translated into French, or [English and I was unable to read j it in the original German." I : therefore took up the study of elec i tricity, and began to experiment [with electrical apparatus in 1 the ! hope that I might ultimately be* : able to construct Helmholtz1 vow i el apparatus and repeat his exper iments. "When at last, after my arrival in* [America. I succeeded in vibrating I tuning-fox ks, and tuned plates and I reeds by electrical means, I made a f number of electrical inventions ? based upon the utilization of mu isicai notes as telegraphic signals; I and these led gradually to the in jvention of the telephone itself. Dr. Bell's First Invention. I "I have often been asked wheth I er I can recall the nature of my i first invention and how I came to, f make it. So far as I can recollect it came about in. this way: j "When I was quite a little fellow, it so happened that my father had j a pupil -.of about my own age with, iwhom I used to play. He was the* j son. of a Mr. Herdman, who owned j large flour mills near Edinburgh, land, of course, I went over to the - f mills pretty often to play with, him" j there. We romped about and got j into all sorts of mischief, until at i last !one day Mr. Herdman called j us into his office for a very se ; rious talk. 1 " 'Why can't you boys do some-* j thing useful,' he said, 'instead of > j always getting into mischief?' Bk|'. "I mildly asked him to tell us j some useful-thing to do, and he re j plied by putting. his arm into a j bag and pulling out a handful of ? wheat. He showed us that the i grains were covered with husks, ; and said: 'If you could only take j the husks off that wheat you'd* j be doing something useful in ? deed.' "That made rather an impres ision upon my mind, and I began j to think. * *Why couldn't we take {the husks off by brushing the j seeds with a nailbrush!* "We tried the experiment and . ? found it successful, although it ih ] voiced a good deal of hard work ' from the two mischief-makers. We (Persevered, however, and soon had* . :a nice little sample of cleaned. I wheat to shew to Mr. Herdman. I I then remembered that during ?sr : explorations at the mills we had;~" [came across a large vat or t$nk I with a paddle-wheel arrangement iin it that whirled round and round in a casing of quite rough mater i ial, brushes or fine wire netting, ! or something of that sort. If we : could only put the wheat into.that machine, I thought, the whirling of the paddle should cause the seeds to rub against the rough, j surface of the casing, and thes ! brush off the husks, i "It was a proud day for u*j I when we boys marched into Mn, j Herdman's office, presented him I with our sample of cleaned wheat, j and suggested paddling wheat in j the dried-out vat. V j " 'Why,' said .Mr. Herdman;" : 'that's quite a good idea.'- and he [immediately ordered the experi ! ment to be made. It was success ful 3nd the process. T undestandV - or a substantially similar one,/ has ? been carried on at the mills ever ! since." -^ Second Primary in Mississippi ? ? Vardaman and Stephens Ron Again For Senate ! Jackson, Miss., Aug. 16 (By the' j Associated Press).?Statements 1s ; sued tonight from the campaign ; headquarters of former United : States Senator James K. Vard?man and Hubert D. Stephens, leading ; contestants in yesterday's state ; wide primary for the Democratic r I senatorial nomination, conceded* ; that a second primary will be nec i essary to determine the party nominee. j The state primary law requires* ; a majority to nominate and unr : official but almost complete re 1 turns showed that Vardaman re ? ceived a plurality over Stephens in 1 the three cornered race, in which i Miss Belle Kearney was "the othef* candidate. Newspaper returns to night gave Vardaman 6S.566, Ste phens 62,03$ and Miss Kearney 1 G.?> 13 votes, ; Both statements claimed that the vote given Miss Kearney would swell their totals ift the runoff September 5, and prepara tions were being made for an in- . A tensive campaign. Leaders in the congressional contests, according to tonight1* . unofficial returns, were: Second I district, Representative Lowrey, who appeared to have been nomi-? nafed; Fourth, Jeff Busby; Fifth, Representative Collins and Floyd Loper. with a runoff apparently necessary: Sixth, T. W. Wilson;* Seventh., Representative Quinn; "Eighth. Representative Collier. In the other districts the incum bents had no opposition. / ? Wouldn't we see funny things if night came during the day time? 666 Cures Malaria, Chills and Fever, Dengue or Bilious Fever. It kills the genas. *