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^lany Candidates ' ^ in Riehland Nineteen Men Seeking Elec tion to the Legislature Columbia, July 26.?Nineteen jjcandiciates for the legislature are in the field in Richland county, and about seventy-five ' men of Richland are seeking the various county offices. Claude N. Sapp, A. A. Gerald and W. D. Barhett are members or the house seeking re election. Senator Pcarce is unOp >osed for reelection. Among the new candidates for the house is Hon. Francis H. Weston, former United States District Attorney and" at one time state senator. ^IStiil another is Jodie L. Rawlin son, former member of the house. * ? -- Canadian Miner Unearths Prehistoric Bones - Edmonton, Alta, Jury 10.?In va valloy of the far northern section of British Columbia, close. to the Yukon border, which it is believ ed was never .before visited by a ^white man, Frank Perry, mini .engineer of Vancouver, has dis covered, the remains of mastodoi that once roamed Northern Can ada. The location of the valley is U : not marked on maps, but it is >rth and west of the headwaters the Findlay ,river. Indians will travel through the valley, be- j r Jievi?g it to be haunted by the . giant animals whose homes they j - fhave seen. ? . In addition to the bones there are i footprints in the sandstone and | shale of some other pre-historic! . monster: these are clearly defined marks showing that the maker of the: tracks was a three-toed animal. T^he bones, which are of great size, are not fossilized but are in a I^^tate of excellent preservation. Hip bones and sections of1 the spine were found by Mr. Perry, who be lieves'that by excavation specimens pf much historic value could be un earthed. " Mr. Ferry, a recent visitor here, spent 14 years in the far northern territory in the quest of minerals, two pack dogs being his compan ions. Neither canoes nor pack horses can be used to gain access to the district, where these remains \ Jwere found, and so far " the only J t "manner of traveling has. been to ' . live on the game, using dogs to j pack the camp equipment on their ! backs. It requires a year to make j "the journey in this way, hut an j airplane could cover the distance in I a few days. { ?-? ? ? ! Wars Aftermath Brings Prosper-j ity to Palestine Bp-'*. Jerusalem, June 20?No one who knew the Holy Land in the days of the Turkish regime can fail to note' the great'changes that have Kfakeh place throughout the coun - try since the close of the war. The Turkish army stripped Pales- j < tine -of its animals to' such a de-I gree that when the American Red} Cross arrived in June of 191S there ! were many viMages without a sin- ) * gle plowing animal, and neither' :* ?efteep nor goats were seen on the : hillsides. Today it is not uncom- j men for an ajitomobile to come-'to ! - a standstill on the principle Streets | pf Jerusalem to -allow a flock of! hundreds of sheep and goats to go j by. and out in-the country the grey j hillsides are covered with thou- i sands of these animals. Italy gets ! a- large amount of her glove ma-! terial from the kid3 of Palestine, j Whereas much still remains to be . - -done, a great improvement already has been made in the character of the work animals The army left j ^behind it tens of thousands of j ? horses, mules and donkeys, hut even } better than this- the natives seem j to h?ve learned valuable lessons I fa the care and feeding of stock, j so that today the horses of the pub- | - iic carriages in Jerusalem are far j much sleeker and finer than ever -; they were before the war. j Farm produce of all kinds brings i a much better price than formerly; "hence the villagers are prosperous and Indulge in luxuries undreamed of in prewar days. The markets of Jerusalem were never before supplied with such a wealth and \ v?riety of delectable articles, and j ^venders of lemonade and ice cream ' do a thriving business. In the dry ! aroods, clothing and 3hoe stores the ! most fastidious can find French ! and English, and to a lesser de- j gree, American goods, for which j they did not even.look for in pre' ? ?ar days. It is interesting to note the I ^changes in the villagers. Formerly j they nearly all walked to Jerusa- j lern, even from, a distance that j took them four or five hours. Now ; ?rSfpublic automobiles run out into the ; country for 10 miles and have larg- i ely monopolized transportation. The | charge for a ride is 50 cents, for-i merly the price of a day's work. ! The roads are now almost desert- j ed by pedestrians, but American au- ! toinobile cars pass frequently. The j reed pen and inkhorn of the edu cated villager has been scrapped ! by the modern self-filling fountain ! pen: Wages for skilled and unskilled; "labor have risen several hundred j per cent, and good mechanics now j I demand five dollars a day. The j houra of labor used to be from sun- i s rise till sunset, but by the organi- ; zation of labor unions they now; I have in Jaffa a.\ eight hour day. I Lack of organization throughout j I the country is the only thing that ! I retards the change in other places, j } ?The quality of workmanship has I not kept pace with the rise in prices j I and whereas in carpentry there j I are found some excellent mechan- j \ lies, most of the trades are carried ? on by very mediocre artisans. A prominent educated Syrian Christian recently expressed the view that the Zionist movement was a good thing for the Syrians as it wouid prove a spur to greater effort and improvement. I Marriage License Record. White: Mr. Edward McK. Brogdon and Miss Jane B. Miller of Sumtor., Any man can have his way if there isn't somebody else in it. WHAT ISr LIGHT? Astrcnromers Study the Stibject in Coming Total Echpse Papeete, Tahiti, July 19? Pre liminary observations were made i here in April and May by Dr. Rob ert Trumpler, assistant director of j the Lick- Observatory on Mount j Hamilton. California, in prepara Iti?ri- for final astronomical obser \ vations in northern Australia to j prove or7 disprove the " part of [Einstein's theory of relativity which jhas to do with the composition and j characteristics of" light. Various astronomical expeditions will gather on the northern coast of Australia September 21 to take their observations when the , sun goes into total eclipse that day. Dr. Trunipler's work here* has been to photograph, on ? large scale, the stars in that part of the heav jens where'the sun will be on Sep tember 21. On the day of the eclipse when the sun is tdtally ob scured arid the stars are visible, similar photographs will be taken ion the same scale. ;:. .Einstein's contention is that light is not, as scientists hitherto have - held, the very rapid vibra tions of the all-pervading ether, but is made up of electrons and: therefore is a form of matter. If light is' matter in any form it will ,be subject to the law of gravitation, and it is to establish or disprove this point that the observations are being made here and in Australia. If Einstein's theroy of light is well founded, according" to Dr. Trumpler, the "rays of light from a star iir that quarter of the heavens passing by so large a mass as the sun will be deflected by the force of the Sun's gravitation and the star in question w?l appear oh the photographic platef at %a place slightly removed from its true po isition in a direction away from rthe suh's" disk. The amount of ?ms displacement, according to Einstein, should be, "in a ?tar at the ;edge of the sun's disk, i.75 second's of an arc, antt in less proportion in "other stars as their distance from the edge of the disk increases. The two sets .of photographs re ferred, to will enable astronomers easily to detect these, variations in apparent position. The plates made at Tahiti three or four months before represent the true position of the stars, while photo graphs made at the time of eclipse will indicate the" variations, if any, due to the action of the sun's force of gravitation. ' " , ' Superimposing these two sets of plates will detect * with accuracy whether or not the rays" of light from the various stars have been influenced by the mighty force of gravitation of the sun near which they have passed and so will prove or disprove that part of Einsteiri's theory. The preparations by Dr. Trumpler have been very com plete, s? that all that part of the sun'# disk will be* accurately re corded and decisive results are* ex pected from his "mv^s?gaflons. ?' h - : ? a mm '? ? ? " European^ Agriculture. Washington, July 19.?Agricul ture in western Europe is being rapidly re-established on a normal basis according to Nat C. Murray? crop statistician of the Depart- j ment of Agriculture who has just returned from an investigation of European erop conditions. "Farm lands in Germany are1 well tliled and the farm houses are well kept," said Mr. Murray today. . "In the devastated parts i of northern France the land' h?s been brought back to a normal state of cultivation. "The - American farmer visiting western Europe is impressed by the small size but high state of culti vation of fields, the large propor tion of hand labor as contrasted with machine labor on American farms, the large use of women as laborers in the fields, and the use of oxen instead of "Horses as work animals. Two-wheeled carts in stead Of four-wheeled wagons are universally used and few automo biles are seen in the farming dis tricts." 'Mr. Murray said he was impress ed in England by the high prices at which 100 pure-bred Fresian cattle from South Africa sold at an auc tion sale. The average price for the lot was $5,000 a head, one cow bringing ?20,000, and a bull calf born the day before the sale sell ing for more than i< 00. Germany Invents "Sew Way to Tax Forcijrners Berlin, June 1.?The Prussian government has drafted a bill for the legalization of taxation, in all communities of orer 1,000 inhabi tants, on all persons who rent rooms for a sojourn of a period under six months. The tax amounts to 40 per cent where the lodging charge is more than 500 marks. In the case of persons who have not resided in Prussia previous to Januaryy 1921, the tax is 200 per cent. While the proposed assessment is ostensibly applicable to all persons, including Germans, the stipulated five-fold assessment indicates a universal lodging impost funda mentally aimed at foreigners. Officials explain that logical com munities participate to a very lim ! ited extent in the nation's taxation proceeds Hence they are obliged ? to look around for fresh sources ; of revenue, and the lodging house tax affords one of the easiest ways j for communities to increase their income. - Country ants that have never ! eaten a human find great feasts ! in store for them. It was reported that the light ning struck and killed Mose Wa<h injrton. negro, on S. A. Harvin's farm, whilt? he was plowing yes terday afternoon. His horse was killed and one-quarter acre of cot ton was ruined. With the motorcycle cops Sun day is not a day of arrest. Bird Hunter Discovers Forgot ten Indian Tribe ? Philadelphia. July 19.?Wharton Huber, assistant curator of-the or nithology section of the Academy ? of Natural Sciences, returned re i cently to this city from hitherto i little known regions of Nicaragua j where he assembled a large col | lection of birds, beasts, fish and ! reptiles, a; number of which he be ? lieves have not yet been classified, j He also claims to have penetrated ? to the villages of Sumo Indians j who rarely han seen a white man. The scientists' specimens include 600 birds, 40 rare -mammals and 2,d00 fish, reptiles and insects, all of which will be placed on ex hibition in the local institution. "My research work was done about 180 miles inland from the Nicaraguan coast," said Mr. Huber. "We established our headquarters at a small mining camp whence we made trips further into the coun ftry.' The average annual rainf?ll j here is 147 inches. From the time I reached the interior until I left there never was a dry article of clothing on me. The country < is infested with red bugs, small er than fleas which burrow under the skin and inflict serious wounds. "I went up the Prinza Polka riv er for ISO miles in a pitpan. an open b?at made of a hollowed-out mahogany log.* Then in a smaller pitpan I ascended the Bahbana river t? Mininda. The district is hilly, and covered with tropical forests so dense that it is" impos sible to enter them until a way is cut by Indians. "The only inhabitants are a few scattered tribes of Indians appar ently of Spanish and Miskito de scent With a body of these In dians; as guides I penetrated to cer tain villages of the Sumo Indians. -; "The Sumo men are very skill fur hunters; but the tribe is rapid ly becoming extinct. With all their ability in hunting and their cour j age in facing wild animals, they fare excessively timid of strange human beings, and will run away even from members of other In dian' tribes. Miskito Indians some times walk into "their villages and take anything they want without meeting resistance. The S?m?S, numbering about 500 souls all tbldj have the slaht, almond eyes ?f the "Chinese and their skin is about the same color as that of a Chinaman." Mr. H?ber had with him a num ber Of dogs two of which were killed by jaguars.-The scientist be lieves that fully 40 per cent of the "birds and animals he shot were lost because neither dogs nor In dians' could make their way into the jungles to the point where' they I fell. He used dynamite to secure I his fish specimens. Mr. Huber emerged from the jungle region weighing 40 pounds' less than when he entered, at which time his weight was 180. Although fie warded off illness dur hW his expedition, he was taken ?f?wri with fever immediately it* was over. - - - .-??"? e ?? ? " r " ??, A Venturesome Trip. Shanghai, July 21.?A trip across the Pacific from Shanghai port to Victoria, B. C, in a Chi nece fishing junk with a register ed tonnage of 23.13, manned by three Chinese sailors; is the plan of Captain George Waard, veteran of the Seven Seas. Captain Waard declared his pur pose aboard his junk, the Amoy, which he had built himself at Amoy in the winter. His purpose was to sail from Shanghai on June 25 and "steer a course along the coast of KTorea through the Straits of Hakodate and then follow the northern route across the Pacific stopping possibly at the Aleutian Islands. He said he believed he could complete, the voyage arid ar rive at Victoria in the latter part of August. ' "I'm carrying no cargo and no passengers," Captain Waard said, "arid it isn't going to be a pleasure trip exactly, for I expect we will meet with rough going." At the age of 39 Captain Waard dates his sea experiences back to the time when he was a boy of eleven when he says he first put out on a sailing vessel from Victoria. He is of Dutch parentage, but was taken to Canada in his infancy by his par ents. Captain Waard's experience in China extends over a decade, Sev eral years of which he was skips per of a Chinese coaster operated by a large British export house out of Hongkong. More recently he has been engaged in. supervising the construction of a pier for an American Trading concern. The Amoy, which was the sub ject of no little press notice in Shanghai is sixty-eight feet over all with a beam of eighteen feet and' is' modelled on the lines of a typical Chinese fishing junk. Aside ; from sails and sweeps it has no i other motive power. Captain ! Waard said his ship acted splen j didly on its trip to Shanghai from I Amoy. ? ^ - - In the Courts i _ In the case of Mrs. Belle King. ' vs. Sumtcr County for bad roads, j which she claims was the^ cause j of au>o accidents, in which her j husband was killed, the jury ren ! dered a verdict in favor of Sum : ter county. Suntter Casket Company, vs. Mu tual Cndcrtaking Co.. for an ac counting. .7ury rendered a decision j in favor of the plaintiff, by which the said plaintiff will receive ?7or?. 34. Sumter Casket Company vs R. W. ' "VYcst^crry and A. P. Spears, for I accounting. Plaintiff to receive $.500.00. Wii.ie Hut Irr vs. Mrs. Reha H. BTutch'S?h, surd for balance due j on a painting contract. Plaintiff ' recei. ' <1 $ 100.0*6. Most all <?f us think ire were j born a few years too soon. Where Did the Guards Get the Pictures? Berlin, July 2.?A. theft of val j uable paintings which occurred j four years ago has been announced j by the Frankfort police issuing a t proclamation "to the effect that "a j collection of pictures were stolen i from a railway . carriage of the Second Guards division . en route from Brussels to Germany Novem ber 8, 1918. Included were a por ; trait of the Spanish Infante by Val jesquez. two Works of Rubens, a Van Dyck and other old masters. A reward of 1,000,000 marks is of fered for their recovery." No explanation is given as. .to why the pictures were o:n the way from Brussels to Gern; any or- to whom they belonged. ; -h mp*. ??? ? ? ? & Lightning, Strikes, Brick Dwelling (Chesterfield Advertiser) '.! Mr. and Mrs. D. M. McFall were severely burned and shocked. last Saturday evening when lightning struck the house in which they were living. The house is a two-story brick structure on the Teal's Mill road and owned by Mr. T. R.. Evans. Mr. McFall, who is manager of, the brickyard, located nearby, was standing in his front door and his wife and .mother were in. the. kitchen when lightning struck the roof of the house. The roof was torn up over a large space, the ceil ing of the room immediately be- j neath was torn off, every door facing in the house was torn up j and several windows blown out. When the Stroke came Mr. Mc Fall was standing with hand rest tfng in the front door facing. The arm was badly burned and he was apparently knocked unconscious for the time. * When he began to recover he says he heard his moth er'calling, and finding himself un able to walk, crawled to the kitchen door, where he discovered his wife lying in the floor with her cloth ing badly torn and- the kitchen oil stove turned over and on fire. He says he doesn't remember just how he did it, but he got his wife out of the room and then took out the oil stove. Mrs. McFall is under the care of a physician, but her burns and j shock, though painful are not thought to be serious. i Prisoners in Turkey Curgctl to Write Poetry j - j Angora, Asia Minor. June 16.? j The capital of the Turkish Nat-1 ionalist government, Angora, also! the headquarters of Mustaphaj Kemal P?sha, the Nationalist lead- j er, is ambitious to become a mod ern city and has embarked upon j a program of extensive improve-i ments. The present park is to be enlarg- > ed and made into a public gar- j den: a boulevard will be construct-! I ed from Parliament House past the i Prefecture and the Bolshevik em-1 [ bassy. ard roads are to be repair- j I ed and kept spotlessly clean. A, ; large fountain typifying National- j I ist Turkey will be erected in the ; square facing the parliament build-j I ing. An interesting novelty is that ! all shop signs are to be of the same I size. In the Angora prison there are I now 105 criminals. Notebooks and j slates have been distributed among I them so that they may learn to j write na'ionalist poetry. The gov ernment is taking measures to es tablish tailoring, boot making' and I other workshops for the prison- | fers in the 4(H) jails of Anatolia. I English Woman Introduces New Marriage Vows London. July 2.?English women (are equalling their American sis-j ! ters in the scope of their occupa-j f tions. Women legislators, lawyers, i physicians und sculptors are fair-1 j ly common in both countries. But I now London comes along with a woman "marrying parson." She is. jthe Rev Constance Colfman, a] graduate of Oxford University, and joint pastor of one of the West! End's fashionable churches. Some women like to )>*' married by Miss Coltman' she does not ask theni to use tho word ''obey," in fact tells them to avoid it. She! re<[u?'sts the bride and the groom to present each other with a ring, repeating the words: **As this ring new encircles thy] finger; so l<>t my love surround, thee .-ill the days of thy life." Frenchmen are shaving their j eyebrows' Perhaps they think theyi are moustaches. i VHitcs- Summer White silks and crepes, white ratine, homespun, SwiM, organdie ?white In every conceivable ma terial is being shown and worn. Sometimes white's used as a back ground for colored trimrdings as in tue slip-on blouse sketched. Tram Tmy.el m Rumania Has,, j Its Dangers i ?_ L ?-??? , - . i Galatz, Rumania, July 19.?Some 'railroad trains m Rumania are jso jammed with the roving populace I that the conductors are powerless Lip collect fares. Hence the im pression is conveyed that one may travel for nothing, which serves j only to. bring larger numbers to the f already overcrowded coaches. Like most, other war-affected countries, Rumania has not enough passenger coaches to take care of the throngs of people who want to travel. The Germans and Aus trians confiscated most or the roll ing stock. Passengers today are forced to ride on the roofs, bump ers, running boards and eVen on the under-trucks of the coaches. Fist fights and altercations, to say nothing of accidents, fatal and otherwise, are of frequent occur rence. Premier Branting Sees Labor as World Peacemaker Stockholm, July 4?The strongest hope for the abolition of war is to. be found in a universal League of Nations and the Labor Inter nationale of Amsterdam, is the opinion of Hjalmar Branting, Sweden's Social Democratic' Pre mier. He expressed this idea re cently in his Nobel Peace Prize ad dress before the University of Christia'hia. Mr.' Branting divided last year's peace prize with Chri? tion L. Lange, of Norway. Accord ing to terms of the Nobel Foun dation, the winner must deliver an address before the University of Christiania on the subject of peace. For years Premier Branting has been closely identified with the la bor movement as represented by the international unions, and of late years he has proved an implacable foe of Bolshevism in the ranks of labor, in his speech he stressed the importance of the role that en I lightened labor could play as peace maker. He declared the League I of Nations was now weak because of "the absence of President Wil son's great country as well ?s that of the gr6at defeated powers, Ger many and Russia," adding that the limitations and shortcomings of the League must be eliminated if our civilization is to endure. "Nevertheless," declared Mr. Branting, "the League opens for the first time, after a huge military catastrophe, perspectives of peace, understanding and justice between the free and self-governing people of the world. "Although recent years have seen many illusions shattered as regards human progress." cintinued Mr. Branting. "it is not certain that the future will deeni the years we have how lived through only as a period of destruction and retrogression. The spires of new hope are too many, too numerous and too prom ising for that. We must not alto gether forget that out of this hard travail a new Europe has emerged and the League of Nations must be come universal. No people is too great to keep outside of the League. "Before the World War many hoped that the workers of the world would never permit a war. We know now that this hope did not materialize, but will labor be powerless now that public opinion against wrar has been so much strengthened? The political inter nationale may at present be weak ened by Bolshevism, but the La bor Union Internationale in Am- j sterdam, representing 20,000,000 workers of all countries, stands stronger than ever before. Its huge membership is a power to be reck oned with, and the propaganda agninst war is being incessantly carried on among these masses. The j situation may soon be such that when the question is asked: "Who has done most for the cause of peace in the spirit of Alfred Nobel, the reply will be: "The Amsterdam Internationale." Mr. Branting closed his address with tihs quotation from James Bryce: "If the people do not try to annihilate war, then war will annihilate them." m ? ? St lent ist has discovered that but termilk and ginprer ale are intoxi cating Although it is about two i years late*, his discovery will be j given all the consideration it de- | serves. Th?? longest day in the year is any rainy day. -? ? ? A dark pa*t is nearly as hard to live down a? a bright future is to live up to. Bet ;horo aren't any cuss words a tax collector hasn't heard. { r .-; -v ... Woman Pacifist % May Reveal Im perial Secrets Vienna, July 19.?Countess Het ta Trauberg,' the German pacifist who was interned by the Germans during the late war because she condemned submarine warfare; the deportation of Belgian and French j women and children, and the treat ment of Allied prisoners, has been expelled from Germany because j she still persists in her peace prop I aganda. She is at present in Vienna where she is compiling a book, deriving much of her material from the j archives of Vienna. She is said! to have secured war letters' ex changed between the Emperor of Russia. Emperor William of Ger I many and thet Austrian Emperor Francis Joseph*. - ?- ? ?? - ? ?:, Henry Ford Has a Plan for Mexico Detroit, July 25?Development of Mexico industrially and agricultu rally to a point where it will take" its place as one of the leading pow ers of the world is the plan of Hen ry Ford. This has been learned by The Associated Press from sources close to the manufacturer. Mr. Ford, it was learned, proposes to end forever the internal strife in the southern republic by "putting the people to work," as he expresses it, by mak ing it possible for the peons to ob tain, education, and by^ devious ways elevating the masses in the I country to the highest possible stan-! The motor manufacturer wants to j keep the hands and minds of the J Mexican common peopie occupied i so "they wiil have no time for fighting." This, it became known, is the substance of Mr. Ford'3 theory, one that'he hopes, to car ry out in the near future by erec tion of a number of factories throughout the more important states. In short, it was said, he hopes to reveal to the people of Mexico, how they can help them selves. The first ' step in this program may be taken soon with establish ment of a Fota motor assembling plant in the state of Cdahuila, probably in Saltiilo. Business In terests of that city and the govern ment of the state are known here to be eager to bring about the in dustrial development. Mr'. Ford, it is known, would enter upon his de velopment program immediately upon erection of the necessary! factory buildings. Similar enter-j prises would' be established, by Mr. ; Ford in other parts of the country j if the plan is carried out, it was J intimated. Mn Ford is said to believe that if the Mexicans once are taught the value of industry, better methods j of agriculture and their possibili ties individually and as ? a nation, the advance of the country will prove to be one of the most rio j table in hsitory. i The manufacturer is known to; [ have an abiding faith in the people I of the country. He announced his j idea several years ago, at a time j when many persons in the United States were advising that the Unit ed States send troops to "clean up j Mexico." At that time Mr. Ford said: j . "Let me invade Mexico with j ! factories and give the people some- j i thing to dc> Then there will be! ' no more war there." As the initial step toward carry i ing out his' plan Mr. Ford for the . j last" few years has been ' training j ! Mexicans in his automobile factor- j :ies here. Several hundred repre-j j sentative workmen from the south- ; ern republic have become skilled: workmen in the local plants.! Now j they are ready to return to their | own country and become native! foremen when the wheels in the f Mexican Ford shops begin to turn, i These men, it was explained, have j learned American methods, adopt-1 ed American standards Of living, and have' seen the vision of the new Mexico. They will pass'this enthusiasm on to their country men, the' manufacturer believes, and from this seed will sprout the end of the Mexicon peonage sys tem. Mr. Ford, it became known, pro poses to take into the southern re- j public all the ideas that he has worked out.in this country. He would open schools where farmers would be taught the use of im proved agricultural implements. He would make it possible for his; i workmen to become educated by j attending school outside of working hours and see to it that the chil ! dren of the poorer class had educa tional advantages necessary for the welfare of the country. It was learned that Mr. Ford j believes the working people of; Mexico have been exploited. He proposes to throw the present sys- j tern into reverse and turn toward I development. Marriage Licenses Wh.te: Mr. R. T. McLeod and Miss Kate I Atkins of Tindal. ? * * The Mallard Lumber Company, J which has the contract for reloca- ; ting and grading the roadway at j Ballard's Hill on the highway to jCamden, has begun work on this I projject. The heavy grade at the hill w?!l be eliminated and the hill' will no longer be a, terror to mo--! tourists. The high water last week broke j the dam at White's Mill and wash- j ed away a part of the flood gates, j A new causeway and bridge across; the swamp at this point were un der construction, and the work was temporarily interrupted. Tho concrete work on the Man-' ning highway has been practically ; completed and the saphalt surface; will be put on as soon as the con- j crete base has had a time to season. I The ioad to Potalla ought to be j open for tram? within a short time j ?perhaps ten days or two weeks j at the longost Out of loon reasons why couples fight the main one is "because." STUDY OF EELS A Danish Specialist Has Found Where They Spawn Washington, July .21 '(By the. As sociated Press) ? The common, every-day, mudhole eel, the problem of fishermen, especially the small boy, when it comes to taking him off a hook, is an elusive subject, but his life history typifies one of the marvels of the sea, and recent an nouncements have added to his rep utation. Reports have just reached h5re of the success of a Danish expe dition to tne Bermudas, in answer ing* the ancient . question of the j eel's origin. Headed by Dr. Johs j Schmidt, director of the Carlsbeg j party,, on the ship Dana, has been | praty, on the ship Dana, has been searching the seas for' seven ! months to find where the eel breeds j and . is hatched. As the ? eel indus try is of prime importance in Den mark, the party was equippe"d by the" government and several socie ties in conjunction. Dr. Schmidt1 has been" making a special study of the eel for more than fifteen years. ?Since'at least 350 B. C. scientists have been trying to find the eel's birthplace, and by tracking down 1 ttie route found taken by the j young eels', Dr. Schmidt placed the breeding grounds between th^ Bermudas and the Leeward Islands, where the sea reaches a depth' of more than a mile. Here the most , remarkable dis covery was made: that the Euro pean species , and the . American, which vary so slightly as to. be al most negligible, and absolutely so to the layman, breed side by side and eventually start for their later homes, thousands , of miles- away, but that neither variety ever goes to the other's fresh water grounds. The marvel. is, to scientists, . ac cording, to Dr. H. F. Moore,/depur ty commissioner of the United States' bureau of fisheries, that of the' millions of young making the trips, instances of discovery of the European species in American wa ters," and vice" versa, ,have been exceedingly rare. And there is no interbreeding between the two. The European species, Dr. Schmidt found,' deposit their eggs and breed in a section to the south and east of the Bermudas^ while the other breeds to the south and West o'f the islands. The first make ?' three years migration to the shores- of Europe from' the North. Sea to Italy, while the second jour ney t? -the American coast from New England to the 3outh coast, taking only a few months or a year It was found that the eggs are hatched at depths of about 200 metres", the young larvae gradually rising as they grow until some'were fOiifid on the surface. It is also true that the larvae, vary their depth in the water according to the time of day. At this stage; | ahd" until they reach coast waters, they are known as "leptpcephalide" and are ribbon or leaf-shaped and quite transparent; so transparent,.1 in fact that under a lens the ver tebrae may. be counted.' -the oriy me?ns of determining the species, j The European variety, it was } found, have more vertebrae than I the American. The translucent quality is be- ! lieved to be a means of avoiding! peril, as the leptocephalus i3 found j in sth?oikalong; the coast line . in j spring and must undoubtedly form j a food for large fish. As they I approach shoal brackish water { there comes a marvelous mefamor- \ phosis, they change from the rib- ! bon shape to the cylindrical' fa-; miliar form, but are still transpar ent. They become' much thicker arid are even shorter than before. They gradually assume light lines of pigment, though remaTriTfig translucent for some time and as the pigment increases the dark color becomes more and more ap parent until they are of the famil iar colon In this connection is pointed out tile immense trip the leptpcephal- < ide make, those journeying to Eu- j ropean waters being three 3*ears on j the way, so that, according to Dr. Schmidt, there are always two mi grations .on the way, and in early spring, three, before the first reach ! shore. As it. is not until brackish j water is reached that the meta- I morphosis occurs* the question that . still puzzles scientists is whether the American" species matures more rapidly than the other, or whether! the change of water is necessary [ for the change from leptocephalus j to elver, as the young ee'Hs knowii. j This eel is the same as that i caught in far inland ponds and i muddy streams, and makes a won- j derfui journey to arrive there. They } can live for long periods oiit of wa- j ter, as is well known among fisher- j men. and sometimes travel over i land, from stream to stream, o^ up; the faces of dams and along the ! sideis of rocks, in search of sufli- j cient water. It is said the riiale \ remains along the coastal waters ? while the female make3 the inland; trip. The three or four inch elvers j may eas.'y be picked from the ; faces of dams or other obstructions ?s they climb, after a fashion of clinging under the water film, to the rocks. They live for years in fresh wa ters, the period being variously placed at from five years to as many as twenty and thirty as estimated by the Englishman, O. j T?te Resau. In the fall, the ma-j ture eels . journey back to. the i sea. the males then being from j twelve to eighteen inches in length, j and the females never less than! eighteen. At the original breed-; ing places it is believed they spawn ! and die, as they are never seen again. It is during this fall trip the eels fail prey to fishermen, who reap a good harvest as they are a prime food fish. While not so j highly prized in this country, in] Europe !h*-y are considered ex-! eeedingjy high from the North \ Sea to Italy, and the Danish and Holland industries are of especial | importance in those countries. The fish .are caught in traps similar to; lobster pots or rat traps, entering: a narrow funnel mouth after the bait, and being unable to find the i outlet. It is estimated by the bureau of j ;?sheries tho eel catch inthis coun try Is m$re jtWff'three and a half million poundl^nnually* valued at more than a ^qiarter of a million dollars. ,. M^QSt-American" cdnimer cial ee! fishing is along the Atlan tic from New England to the Chesapeabev - 7 While it is not generally known, the; eel lias scales, which develop after tlie -:elver has lived a year in fresh waler. ??. They are' embedded in the slimy skin arranged in lit tle group* set obliquely and at right angiest to each other. They may be studied under a lens and form a means of determining.the age of the fish,"as they are marked in zones; which corresponds to growth rings;. Scales are,.formed in the middle ot the side and if examined.in the spring the,number of the zones * will corresponds to,..the age of the; scale. The eel is then one year older for the first-year in fresh water, and another for his life as ? leptocephalus. . By applying this method ? Dan ish naturalist, Dr. Gemzoe,. has shown that, some eels captured m the fall were as old as twelve ?nd thirteen years, and Regan esti mates others weighing'as much as 27 pounds must have been 20 or 30 years or more. These species, should not he..C?n fused with; the lamprey eel Dr. Moore said, which is equipped, with a sucker :mouth and many sharp teeth with which It attaches it self to . other fish, ' sometimes wounding ; them, deeply. "They even attack -Targe fish, animate ^?nd humans, 5t is'?ai<l. Dr. Schmidt's expedition is-now on the return to Denmark, where it is expected; his. discoveri^and the other results will shortly.bef-aa nounced.;i? - ~ Another War Kevelator 1 Announces His Wares London, July '2.--Startling/reve-' lations respecting the* dethrone ment andadeath of former* Emper or 'Nicholas * are promised by Alexander Kerensky; one time pres ident of the- Russian republic, who has been quietly writing hfer.me moirs in a London flat. Kerensky's plan was to spirit the empe]"?r*??t of Russia- :to a neutral European country or to, *he United States, but this, lie contends, waS frustrat ed by Great Britain. The book -of th# formex'BuS sian dictator ; will'begin wj,th: .the inception -o*\t2ie war aM-co(?er -the final collatwe of the empice^C |t will exp\aia ;not only the causes of the Romanoff overthrow, but *he failure of Kerensky's own govern ment. Ma ? The writer declares that if ?the allies had . heen: willing to let Rus sia, remain passive for a period, they could ha.Ve .kept her ?s^val uable ally. The book will pomt^otrt that the entente- insisted on Rus sia dfepiay?jigf;energy on tbe frjitit while, in the throes of a revolu tion at home. : His own overthrow ^ir^ky attributes. to simultaneous presses from the twp extreme parties,.* the Royalist* on thej right and't8e BolshVviki oh the left, aided by in* hostility of the army. . ., *^t."; v>-^ry~y "'* Police 3Hfoy Force Tferlc^j ' VI %: Women to Dress; Alike <r?hst?htfB?ple, June IS.-?Some optimistic ? and determined* TurKs are attempting to persuade , the women of< the land to adopt a standard form- of dress. ' Optimfe tic, beca?serJTuj^ish. womeii ,s6?S?t no more inclined to wear a uniform than would their sisters of l^ondon. Paris and .New Tork,' and deter mined because the Committee de . la Mode as- thinking of calling upon the flwlice for help.in carry ing out its plans. ,.lr. "Where->are the . women who would consent. to have.,. imposed upon them i?n antique and strange costume found today only in..mu seums?" is one of the questions hurled at; the reformers. . 'fWhere is . the wo^an. who would recom mend stich:.a costume to another? Can a Turkish woman of old world Stamboui ^dress like a . modem hanoum of aristocratic Pera ?. Nat ionalists fanaticism is an ex-eel^ _ ? lent things but only 'wiUuAs lim its?-- .. ? . ,i || Tlie comaaittee, in answer^ to these and sundry other attacks,.Thas announced darkly it is working on a scheme to put over its. pr?aect, the application of which will be placed in the hands of the' muni cipal police. ? ' .;'.;-p? *? t? "???-. ugal Turns Friendly' ;Eye>? Toward Brazil ??~? Lisbon. 'July 3.?-The daring <*ct of Portuguese a\iatora.. in .flying from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, says the Seeulo in an editorial. a*?|?? ticie. has 'created a bond, ofT uhiJon and amity between . Portugal and Brazil and has ushered in.'the psychological niom?nt to improve existing political relations. ? Under the monarchy this seemed on the eve of accoi.ujpllshmeni.- the paper continues. The king was about to Visit Brazil, but his-as sassination prevehtsd. The circum stances at that timi? were most op portune. The old question between Eng land and Brazil of the Island-o? Trinidad had beer settled byviu> bitration, and Portugal's course had won the sympathy of Brazil. T&day the-xwo countries are Unit ing in their acclaim of the Portu guese flyers, and the moment should be seised to reach mutually agreeable. sett lerne nts of - outstand ing problems. [ These t^ Seculo summarizes as follows: Nationalized and direct navigation:'the e.stablishmeht of radio communication; the making of Lishon" the port of distribution to Europe - for Brazilian- products, and a treaty of emigration.. In conclusion the paper points out that Brazil has a greater pop ulation than- any Portuguese col ony, and exhorts both Portuguese and Brazilians to grasp this oppor tunity and, as brothers of the same race to act together in full under standing and to their mutual ad vantage. ? ? ? Birds that have never had a rock thrown at them won't'Im? able\to say the same tomorrow.