University of South Carolina Libraries
Tb^;Watchman and Southron JPriMisbea Wednesday and Satur day by r Osteen Pubfishins Company, ? >. , 4;.. Sum ter, S. C. . . Terms: ? ? $2.00 per aimmn-^-m advance; Advertisements: - One Square, first .insertion _.$1.00 .Every subsequent insertion --? .50 Cpmtcacts for * three months or longer will "be made at reduced rates. AH communications -which sub j-fierye: i/"p?vate interests "will De charged for as advertisements, r Obituaries and tributes of re spect will be charged fir. The. Sumter7 Watchman was founded in 1850 and the True S?uthB?n in 1S66. The Watchman and Southron now has the com bined, circulation and influence of both:-Of the old papers, and is man ifestly-the best advertising medium in-Sumtkr._? ? SUNDAY EATING. - The old-fashioned Sunday dinner has been the subject of a column, of Warning in the London Times. ? Perhaps the Sunday dinner is more firmly .entrenched in JBrfgiaird than \ in , America. Yet it is sufficiently* ?persistent in this country to deserve " a little, serious attention. It . is strange ^hat so many per sons believe that Sunday is intend ed for' overindulgence in hearty food. With less physical work to be done and therefore less need for energy-supplying .food, hundreds of families prepare and eat, on the day of restK bigger and richer din ners than on any other day of the ieeek; : ' An effort might 4 well b?e started to make Sunday a day of rest for the stomach as welkes for body-^nd spirit. Says;: the medical writer of the London*'paper, "The Sunday din ner is doing its part-to cause suf fering: and to shorten the span of Tramari; life." Also it might be convict'eS of playing a part in the dullness', and distress attendant up, onvgetting d^wri to work again -on Monday. When the only form of exercise' taken is the mastication of fooflff^' the less-rich and stimuhrt-j ing that .food is, the better for the I cater.S Sunday dinner reform is. now hi order. feL.^NJ)S AND DOMINIONS. -Assurance has been given that the ?our powers signing the Pa cific treaty have all agreed upon ?a construction of the'document which will exclude the Japanese m?in ? land from the protection promis ed; -This action, apparently sug gested by the Japanese delegation itself, provides graceful way out of a;difficulty which threatened to be come serious, as far as the United 'States'., is concerned. Pre^ihably -it:removes the biggest objection to ratification likely to be brought op in the senate. 1 The. senate and the public will want ,a.jltttle more light on the whole -subject before full approvl is give? ib this generally acceptable treaty/.. Hardly anything has* been ^said^aho**t the status of Australia a?d New Zealand under the treaty, Yet it has been explained in s?me quarters that the real reason- for pledging protection to the Japa nese mainland in the S first place was that, Austria! and New Zea land wa!nfed such protection, but were sensitive about asking for it unless -Japan were Inciuded, too. It remains .to be explained whether, with \tl\e islands constituting the Japanese homeland excluded, the :British x '-insular dominions*' in question' come under the protec- ? five scope of the. treaty. It. is not likely that there would ""be so muoh objection to that as there has been to the Japanese business; hut in any event, there ought not to be any doubt left about the matter. f!t< ? ? ? A GREAT AMBASSADOR. The' retirement of Brand Whit lock from his- post as United .States .:ambassadcr to Belgium marks"'the end of a period of note worthy service. This, nation handicaps its reprt sentatlves abroad in many ways it does not provide them with suit able h'etdquarters. It does r^t pay them salaries sufficiently large to make their own provision of embassies an easy matter. It se lects them as a rule for i?olitical reasons rather than for therr own training for or interest in such po sitions: In spite of which hind rances, they usually do tbeir work pretty" well. When Mr. Whitlock was sc-nt to Belgium*** before the war his ap . JA pointment was considered chiefly a recognition of a man who had made for himself a name in liter ature and in public ofF.jc. tie him self is reported to have looked upon hisVnew office as a pleasant and ' instructive experience, not particularly serious or onerous. Yet when the war broke out Brand wrhitloek found himself in a tremendously important position, one ?demand ing great energy, re-, gourcefuliress, strength ana up 9 I Tightness. He met the emergency I of war in an invaded country so well ! that he won the respect and ad I miraton of the* world. : Amercans were proud of hm; Belgans were j I devoted to him and profoundly : grateful. He helped greatly with Ore American Relief work carried on in Belgium. He was loyal, hon- j orable and tactful, fearless in his i dealing with the invading power. : considerate and helpf?l towards , j Belgium, and mindful of his own j j nation's spirit and dignity. He ?' i made- a fine record" for himself and I for his country. S?TE THE I?GHWAYS. (News and Courier). I There seems to be agreement j among those who have followed ] the course of events at Cohrmbia i I most closely that there is serious j ! danger of highway work in South j I Caroltmt being ? seriously crippled I at "thisisession1 of- the legislature: This would be ab?\it as grave a ! I . .1 j misfortune as could befall the State. j In no one respect haS South Caro- I I lina made greater progress* in the ! \ recent past than in this'matter of j I road improvement. In the past I twelve months the results of what has beeir accomplished have begun to: show. It has become evident I to many people for- the first time I thafa system of highways such as I at last is t?king shape will mean a new Soutn Carolina. ??\T"? danger at the present time fe hot simply that this devel?p [menf whr he, checked. That would i be regrettable but we couid^ con sole ourselves with* thinking that this was but temporary, an' incident to the economy which is necessary in all public expenditures this year. What is feared^ as to the r??ds, however, 4s thstt the system under j which so much progress has been achieved will be broken down, with the inevitable result that the roads already improved will go to pieces. That 'could happen readily en?ugh in a 3'ear's time- if the organization for keeping them in repair should be legislated out of existence. l!j ' ? This' matter is one of grave im portance. It is certain that the plans of those who would. break down thv State' Highway Depart ment, or -starve it f6 death, cannot succeed if the public which will suffer will lint realize" What is oh ! foot and act. Tife people who pay I the bulk of the taxes benefit more j jdi?*?*tly, more immediately, arid j more largely, from: the improve j ment* bf the highways than from | any other expenditure of the tax; money J They should let their leg- j isfett?rs know that they do not > propose to allow ithe highways to be sacrificed- in: the present emer gency. ? If the roads which have been j buftfc are not*maintained a develop ment which* CouW not be replaced j except ?t a cost rmming into mil lions of dollars' wdll be literally thrown away. If the powers of the State Highway Department are ; u^dermmect as is' planned" the r?SLds which have been built will j not be maintained. . I ? ??? - ? ? MAY IX>sfeTOP SOIfc ROADS, j ? ?- ?? - ? ? - (Spartanburg Herald ) The Herald believes the people of the upper part of South Caro lina' should' know that there is to be a determined effort m the leg islature to alter the highway laws | j of the state in such a way as to un jdermine, if hot actually destroy, [the State Highway Department as j now set up. * The program of those j opposing the present law threatens 'State maintenance of state high jways. It would throw the funds j for the maintenance of all roads j back into the hands of the various i county supervisors, and such a thing as State highways will pass out of existence. > The upper part of South Caro lina has invested millions of dollars in top-soil roads, and, ias we of I this part of the State know, the j life of these roads depends abso ' lutely upon systematic maintenance | by some central authority with ample funds: "We have roads in the upper part of this State that lhave been maintained under the j I present law. We know they! j have been maintained and that J J there, are today more than a j ! thousand miles of such roads, j j something the State has never had ! i before "in all its history, in the! ] I Piedmont, over which we may i ! * ! ] drive even today after weeks of ! rain and snow with comfort. Those i j roads exist .because of State main- i j tenance. They will not exist a j ! year if State manitenance is abol- ? j ished. the highway system junked! land the county unit is resorted to' ' . i j again. i Because of the demand for a re duction of county tax levies, some j hOnest. hut unthinking members ; of the legislature, want to turn I ; road funds from the> automobile j tax and the gasoline tax, into the! ; general county funds and allow j roads to take chances again. This sentiment exists in the legislature, and while we have no idea it will prevail, yet the danger is there and if State maintenance of State high ways has friends now is the time for them to let their views be known. After the most construc tive step the State has taken with reference to highways has been re traced and the system abolished, will be too late to be talking. It is almost impossible for the people'of the Piedmont to realize to' what extent the legislature is unnerved as to doing anything that will continue constructive meth ods. The drive in the highway sys tem is but a grab for funds not derived from a-tax on property to be turned into general county pur poses. So the, roads are to be sac rificed. Upper South Carolina had better keep its eye on this situation if'it wants its top-soil roads to be taken care of. ? ? ? THE COTTON CAR. ' Try as an editor may, it is im- j possible not to write about Henr^-! Ford. PerhapJ Henry is an even better publicity man than he is an ! inventor, manivfacture'r, scientist, statesman, editor, financier and| philanthropist Be that as it. may, it is necessary to chronicle the fact that the flivver king is working, in his Detroit research laboratory, on a plan to make automobiles?as ire calls them?out of cotton. There are other ingredients in the formula, prominent among them being glue and formaldehyde. All Of these commend themselves ; to anyone who has ever operated one of Henry's celebrated vehicles*. Formaldehyde suggests the odor of | the species, and glue the way they are put together, and cotton some of their other characteristics. If this be free advertising, let him make the most of it. But the pro duct expected of this novel com bination may challenge serious at tention one" of these days. .... . . \ Lightness is the word in modern a'utomobfles, an'd Henry is going m for lightness. If he can get the j necessary strength, too, out of the j stuff he is experimenting with, j there may result a car that an able- ; bodied citizen can not only ride | around in with incredible economy . but can pick up and carry around j with' him when he gets down.town, j thereby dexterously foiling car! thieves. j ? The idea is to stamp automobpe '< parts' out of this composition as a J housewife stamps doughnuts. That | idea in itself is richly suggestive. Our only fear is that the cars, j unlike some cook's- doughnuts, will be too light. They may-have to be j ballasted?unless they are to be j fitted with wings, for Stght ? ? ' \ !, LOWER FREIGHT RATES. Representatives of the steel in- j dustry have been trying to per- j suade the Interstate Commerce j Commission to reduce freight rates j on their products. They ask for j the Complete elimination of the j rate increases, put into effect in j 1920? varying from 25 to 40 per j cent, accordng to districts. If this j were done, the steel men say, they ; have no doubt as to their resulting i "aiulity to do business" The public hopes that the com mission will grant at least a con siderable part of their request, with the proviso that the benefit shall be passed alnn^ to the con sumer instead of being absorbed by the industry itself. And when I j that is done, if not sooner, there should be similar concessions for j farm products. The stimulus that; lower freight rates would giw in these vtwo leading industries would help along greatly in promoting a general business revival. It might help, too, if the steel j manufacturers would abolish t he j fiction that all steel is made in j Pittsburg, and stop charging freight j from that city to the point of de livery, regardless of where the stuff is actually shipped from. ANOTHER WASHINGTON COX- j TERENCE. The willingness of Peru and ; Chile to send representatives to Washington to settle their territor- : ial dispute with the aid of Chcle I Same is gratifying, there will be another Washington conference, of a limited and strictly American character. Tin- acceptance of chile . is especially pleasing, because that country is rich, strong and proud, and it has not been generally con sidered by Americans to have sol tfood a case as Peru. Th?? obvious duty of the public and press in this country is to pre serve a wholly neutral attitude! while the diplomats work out a solution in the friendly and peace ful atiHbsphere of Washington, n the ownership of tb<- rich prov inces of Tacna and Arica can b> settled there, Or satisfactory ma chinery be created for settling it. . it will be a triumph for American j diplomacy more notable than the rather brusque settlement of the recent row between Panama and Costa Rica. It may seem rather odd that Chile and Peru, have not yielded to the overtures of the League of Na tions, and taken their dispute to that tribunal, for they are both members of the League. It may also seem odd That the Pan-Amer-, icon League, which was organized by the United States and which maintains its headquai'ters in Washington, and will soon have a I meeting there', is not entrusted with 'such matters. Our own peo ple would doubtless like to have such purely American disputes set tled by this Pan-American body, and such service on its part would free the United States from any appearance of dictation or arrog-1 ance. But as J.ong as no" internat ional organization is handling the job, Uncle Sam has to do it, to keep pace in the American family of nations. ? ? ? One of the officials of the arms conference assures the public that "there will be no jokers to de sti oy the effectiveness of capital ship limitation." That's right, let the jokers go with the decks. The new French ministry de clares*1 that Germany must pay in full. The British ministry declares she must not. Having announced these irreconcilable opinions, the governments will now get together and talk things over and another crisis will have been weathered. ?-. ? ? - ? According to the latest treaty terms, each nation may keep one capital ship for a target. Any mdre j will be considered a target for re- 1 marks from the other powers. - Trotzky says that the Russian revolution was an ..-ruption-, and that he hopes the' United States will soon make the best of" it. The United States would be glad to if it was sure that Lenin'e and Trotzky would get the worst of it. RUSSA AT GENOA. - ? - It sterns necessary foj>^conomic reasons for the Soviet government to be allowed representation *>at the Genoa conference, but, no great amount, of confidence wilt-be plac ed in its guarantees. Some of the more extreme phases of Bolshevism have been abandon ed, because Lenine. and his asso ciates saw no other way"" to save Russia or themselves. In the meantime it appears that the Ter ror. : committee, the supreme agency of violence which aroused most horror in America, has not been disbanded, While the Soviet authorities make CLEMSON AN President Riggs Discu tution For Informa Clemson College, Jan. 26. ? Clemson's average sessional en rollment for the past five years is ol3. says Dr. W. M. Riggs, presi dent of the college, in discussir.g the present session in the annual report of the board of trustees. The total enrollment to date is 1, 007, the largest in. the history of the college, and tlte total for the session will probate reach 1,025. With the 1021 summer school at tendance the enrollment to date is 1,308. The distribution of the 1, 007 students enrolled this session shows the following, attendance by states and foreign countries: South Carolina. 952; Alabama, 3: Ar kansas.? 1; District od' Columbia. 3; Florida. 5; Georgia, 11: Louisiana. 1; Maine. 1: North, Carolina, 11?; New Jersey. 1; New York, 1; Oklahoma, 3: Tenruessee, 1; Vir ginia, 1: West Yirgiiua, 1; France, 1; British West Inidies. 1; India, 1. Five counties in South Carolina having highest attendance are An derson. S3; Greenvilie, 50: Oconee, T>3: Spartanburg, 50; Charleston, 44. In discussing the needs of the institution Dr. W. M. Riggs has the Needed B Building I ? Laundry. H. L. <fvr W. Additions __ Hospital _- . Gymnasium .. _ Livestock Pavilion . _ -- Dormitories ..... ._ Library. _i_ .. _ Physics and Electric Bkiilding ._ __ Shop Building._ -- < 'hemistry Building. Textile Addition_--[-- -- -- -- Ent. and Hort. Addition Research Greenhouse -. Agricultural Hall Addition Addition to Chapel Addition t<> M<-ss Hall . Totals._. Increased equipment -- -. Increased Collegiate For present attendance of 900 _ For an attendance of 1,200 _ - Fur an attendance of 1.500 plausible speeches and urge the confidence of the other powers, they still support the Third in ternationale, an organization pledged to the overthrow of gov ernment throughout the world. In spite of the fact that LCnine and Trotzky are posing now as having led Russia out of the wild erness, the fact remains that they established a regime of tyranny 1 i and bloodshed in peaceful Russia ; just as she was taking up her new i life, and that they have never re I pentcd and will still bear watch big: * ? o ? Jurors Drawn. The following names have been drawnto serve as jurors during i the ? spring term of the court of j general sessions which convenes on the 13th day of February for a| Judge S. W, G. Shipp, of Florence, | Judge S. W. Y. Shipp, of Florence, j presiding: Petit jurors drawn t? serve dur- I ing the first week: A. C. Kolb, Sumter R. 2. Ralph Hill, City. .1. T. Glasscock, Sumter. R. 1. j T. R. Minis, Lynchburg. J. A Kolb, Sumter. R. 2. IT. J. Lawrence, City. ? J. I. Purdy, City, i \V. E. Kolb. Sumter, R. 2. E. 1>. Richardson, City. .1. F. Compton, Sumter, R. 2. A. W. Weldon, Dalzell. Ashley Hancock. T. J. Keels, Lynchburg. R. S. DcsChamps, Pinewood. T. D. Lackey, Sumter, R. 2. W. O. Staley, City. A. T. Reams. City. E. M. Staley, City. J. W. Harper, Ci^y. Benjamin Sanders, Dalzell, R. 1. J. S. Brogdon. Sumter, R. 1. Harmon P. Hodge, Tindals. C. J. Gaillard, Dalzell. B. A. Brunson, Sumter. R. .1. Kennedy, City. J. P.. .Gordon, Sumter, R. 1. William Berg, City. R. A. Dennis, Sumter, R. 5. R. J. Geddings, Tindals. R. F. Elliot, Remini. H. T. Avin, Sumter, R. 2. ' W. S. Tisdale, Sumter, R. 1. W. D.'Boykin, City. J. M. Jackson, Sumter, R. 2. H. C. Tucker, City. 11. J. Windham, City. The following names ha\e been drawn to serve as members of the' grand jury during the year ,1992: j H. D. Rembert, Oswego, R. 1. R. L. Gantt, City. D. L. Smith, Sumter, R. 3. W. H. Yates, City. E. H. Rhame, Sr., City. J. L. Shirer, Rembert. J. R. Nettles, City. J. A. Mims, Lynch burg. P.. A. Siddall, City. M. K. MeLeod. City. J. F. Mathis, City. - W. J. Shaw, City. Following are the members of j rhc srrand jury of last year that j have been held over for the list | ?of this year: A. C. Burrows, Dalzell. A. W. Baker, Sumter, R. 4. G. L. Broadway. Sumter, R. 2. I. D. Elmore, City. R. P. Bradwell, City. 4 J. G. Crawford, City. "Give prohibition time," says Haynes. Better give the, bootleg gers time. D ITS NEEDS sses the Work of Insti tion of Legislature following to say: . "Greatly needed is a new dormi tory to prevent the present over crowding occasioned by this large attendance. Clemson's growth and usefulness to South Carolina is be ing curtailed by a lack of sufficient facilities, especially dormitories and buildings for teaching. With the same overhead organization we could handle 1,500 students as well as 900, and the cost per capita would be greatly reduced. It would be easy to increase to 1,200 stu dents in the. next three or five years if we only had the necessary j additional dormitories and accom I panying facilities for teaching, and a comparatively small increase in our maintenance fund. Our plant for handling even our present en rollment is incomplete and in some essential respects inadequate. "The following is an estimate of the cost of additional building and operating expense for increased at tendance and confirms the recom mendations of the experts to the committee on economy and consol idation that Clemson should have $100,000 per year for 10 years or j$150,000 f<>r six or seven years." nildings. Present 1,200 1.500 Attendance Attendance Attendance _ .s 1 0,000.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 .25,000.00 50,000.00 65,000.00 _50.000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 125,000.00 lJ5.otm.mi 125.000.00 10.000.00 J0.ooo.oo In,iioa.00 75.000.00 150.000.00 225,000.00 (1) (2) (3) 50,000.00 5o.ooo.rM' 75,000.00 75,000.00 _ _ 30.00O.oo l.ooo.oo 30,00.00 1,000.00 50,000.00 5o.o0o.oo 50,000.00 ' 5,000.00 5. o00.00 . _ 50.000.00 J5.ooo.oo 25,000.00 10.000.00 lO.OOO.c? 21)5.000.00 C12.OOO.00 860,000.00 2S,S50.00 42,300.00 JD5.O,0O.OO 640,S50.00 902,300.00 >pernting C'ost. Totai operating Per Capita Cost. Cost. .$296,935.09 :>2:t.:>3 . 332.865.09 J 77.39 .347,685.09 ~_ 231.12 ' Variation Noted In Land Values Differences Seen in Census and Tax Valuations by Professor Gee The valuation p? lands in tin state for,taxation is marked every where by variation and inconsist ency, according to Prof. Wilson Gee Of the University of South Carolina, who has prepared a summary of the tax valuations of lands in me various counties as compared with the value of these lands as re ported in tho 1920 census reports. In np county, he finds, has the property been valued at 4 2 per cent of its reported value as taken in the census, the highest valuation. 22.9 per cent being in Jasper coun ty and the lowest, 7 2 per cent in Clarendon county. "The state constitution of 1895," Professor Gee points out. "provides that 'all taxes upon property, real and personal, shall be laid upon the actual value of the property taxed, as the same shall be ascertained by an assessment made for the pur pose of laying such a tax.' A fur ther clause states that 'the general assembly shall provide by law for , a. uniform and equal rate of as- J sessment and taxation, and shall prescribe regulations to secure a just valuation for taxation of all i property, real, personal and pos- j sessory." "The accompanying table is in teresting as a bit of concrete evi dence confirmatory of the conten tions of the joint committee that j property is not taxed uniformly. Presumably, the methods of secur ing data employed by the census enumerators are uniform for all counties of the state, and since the land values are not taken as tax returns, the figures represent a conservative estimate of the actual value. "If *.he tax < assessments in the different counties of the state were upon the same basis, the percent age that the assessed value is of the census value should be approx imately the same throughout the state. Accepting the census values of land as a uniform approximation to the true values, we find that the highest percentage that the as sessed value of the census value in any county in the state is 22.9 per cent in Jasper county. The varia tion is from that figure to 7.2 per cent in the case of Clarendon and Oconee counties. The state aver age is 11.3 per cent. Fourteen counties rank below this average. "The citation of these facts shows the soundness of the recom mendations of the joint special committee with regard to the adop tion by the people of South Caro lina at the general election "of 1922 of constitutional amendments that should be passed by the general assembly at its present session. The passage of these amendments would lead to a general revalua tion act," followed by the later en actment of a comprehensive reve nue act combining into one har monious whole* a remodeled prop erty tax, the income tax, the busi ness tax and the inheritance tax." The relation between the as sessed value and the 1920 census .-alue of property in the various counties of the state, which are ar ranged in the order of the ratio of the assessed value to the census value, is shown in the, following table: 6 ~ a rt M > rr r ? _ rc x i> ? _ - s. 3 County .,.' e II u ~ c ! Jasper _ 17.45 $ 3.99 22.9 iSaluda_ 39.SS 7.29 18.3 1 Fairfield .. 22.11 3.90 17.6 : York -- 46.78 7.86 1g.s i McCormick .. 35.39 5.83 16.5 Newberry_1 39.27 . g.3s 1g.2 (Union. 31.48 5.0 0 15.9 i Aiken - ?. ? 30.97 4.91 15.8 I Kershaw 32.59 4.0 9 15.6. I Lancaster_ 36.34 5.41 14.9 I Georgetown ... 20.59 3.06 14.9 IColleton 20.03 2.89 14.4 j Chester_ 35.20 4.ss 13.8 .Greenwood l. 5s.s7 s.10 13.s ! Lee.- - - 94.16 12.87 13.7 Lauren's 53.86 7.28 3 3.5 Beaufort . 33.03 4.46 13.5 Edgrefield 43.58 5.72 13.1 Darlington_ s0.36 10.53 13.1 (Charleston_ 30.81 4.00 12.9 I Berkeley - .. 17.61 2.23 12.7 Dillon _. s4.24 10.51 12.5 Florence .. 72.57 8.85 12.2 Barnwell __ 33.51 4.04 12.0 Anderson 11'?.77 13.07 11.8 Orangeburg .. 62.73 7.36 11.7 I Lexington __ _. 40.73 4.76 11.7 I .Marlboro_ 125.11 14.47 11.6 j Hampton . . 31.29 3.61 11.5 j Abbeville _. 54.48 6.22 1 1.4 [Bamberg .... 41.49 4.73 11.4 '.Marion. 51.66 5.95 1 1.3 ? Allendale -- -- 40.so 4.54 11.1 I Calhoun .. 60.19 ?;.g7 11.1 ? Spartaiiburg. . 100.85 10.94 10.$ j Greenville ... 93.35 9.90 !?'.?; j Cherokee .. 70.24 7.15 10.2 ' Sumter. 78.51 7.97 10.1 I Kichland ... 54.il 5.42 l I Pickens. 64.4 5 6.04 9.4 I Horry .. 28.93 2.4 7 8.5 ; Dorchester. ::.'1.S4 L' 7 7 8.2 Wilh'amsburg - 43.52 :\A*' 7.:? Chesterfield __. 44.95 3.49 7.s Oconee_ 60.81 4.:p.> 7.2 'Clarendon _ 58.81 4.22 7.2 j State. 52.0s 5.S9 11.3 Th.e women don't spend as much to get their cheeks red as the men do t'> get their noses red. o ? ? Bryan" says the Democrats run win congress, but they mustn't let thai discourage them. "Buy coal now," urges Hoover: who neglects to say what with. A man who tried out a new para chute tin- other day leaves a wife and three children. "See America first" is a good slogan for our citizens. "Be Amer ican first" is a bettor one. Catawaba Indians ' ! Serious Problem,1 _ - :>SJ 0. K. Williams, Financial L Agent, Emphasizes Ur-' J gency of Granting Citizen- f ship and Settling Claims, i Which Can Only Be Done ] by State of South Carolina | T<? the Editor oi" The State: Noting that there has been a number of recent articles in regard ; to the Catawba Indians, also that ? there has been a recommendation to cut the appropriation that the general assembly has been making for them each year to a small sum which would be paid only to the aged and infirm who are not able to provide for themselves, and! knowing that the most of r>ur citi zens are like a certain prominent. senator now in the general assem bly who. when the writer appear- , od before the finance committee of ? tfie senate in order to convey to it I some information in regard to these Indians, thanked the writer for. I having come there and given them* the information and stated that I I he was obliged to admit that while ! ! he ha'd been in the house and in I J the senate for years and knew ? i that an appropriation was made j j for the Indians, he had no idea! what it was for or anything about; it or them, I thought I would write'; ! some of the facts as I know them j I afjer seven years' 'service as their I financial agent. .These Indians are segregated on; j 5G2 acres of the poorest, roughest | I land in the state, *n York county,, j on what is known as the Catawba ? I Indian reservation, in the River, Bend section of the county, on the] ! banks of the Catawba river. This j land was set apart for them many I years ago and they were segregat- [ ed on this without any citizenship, { ! right to vote, own property in their j own name, or anything of that kind : ; as "wards of the State of South . i Carolina" and have remained as i : such since. It is true that many of j them have left the reservation andN I gone to other places in order to I be able to live. as: it was utterly im- j j possible for them to all make / a.j ? living on the reservation and in.; J order t? keep ftxmi starving they! ! have moYcd away. Some live in ; j Roek Hill, some in Columbia and i other places. j The Indian is generally known i I as being1 indolent, no ambition to j do anything, and, generally speak i ig, ?"no account." But in the case { of the Catawba. while this is true. to some degree in regard to some. I of them, we nevertheless have lots j of white people in our state that ; are on par with the- worst of th.e. j Indians. And, tco, what incentive j would they have to try to improve i themselves when they have been I held as wards of the state without I any privilege of citizenship^ own ing property in'thier own name or anything of the kind? In fact, the Catawba Indians,are certainly in a { worse state than the negroes, be-r < cause the negro can vote and own i property, but these Indians are the J same *as minor children and c?n | not legally do anything except that j a state -official act for them, j One commendable thing that Ij lean say for the Indians is that j J while they intermarry with some i : very trifling white people and have! I become -very badly mixed up, they { \ will not have anything to do with ; the negro and are very much in- i , suited if any.one compares them in | J a:iy way to the negro. Another -commendable thing in regard to the Catawba is that dur- \ !;ing the Confederate war a nura- j ! bei of them donned the Confed I crate uniform and fought bravely ' throughout the war for the south, so much so that a monument stands ! erected on the public square at j j Fort Mill to their honor, erected j j there by the late Captain White of j I that place. In the world war* a* number of the young Catawba's i went into the service and did fine j work. One of them, who went to | ; France, is now sick,* I am afraid I with tuberculosis, which he con : tracted while in the service. Still ; these people are not allowed citi zenship. Alter having been their fman- j cial agent for seven years and look-J ing into their situation, in fact, af-J j ter rinding their condition shortly } after being made their agent I : have recommended each year to 1 the governor and general assembly that some permanent businesslike: settlement be made with these In-j dians. If th< state owes them! anything, settle with them, give' j them their citizenship and let j them go out and make their own \ way, as they have demonstrated that they have plenty of ability to j [do if tiu-y were given the proper; <?har.ee. I believe that when I took charge as agent I could have set- \ i tied with them for a much less I amount than I have paid them' ; during the seven years, which, amount is around $60,000, and still they are on our hands. Governor] ;. Cooper and others did lasr year succeed in getting a committee to-; look into the matter of a perma-J nent settlement, but their report,' went in just before the adjourn ment and nothing was done. It may possibly be taken up at this . year's session. If the state does not owe them anything, then they should discontinue the appropria- ? :ioa. give them citizenship and let them get out with the balance of the people and work for their liv ing as they see lit and wherever-] I they see tit. With those who live at othei\ places, their children are refused] admittance to the schools because! . their parents have no citizenship :md. too. because a great many doj not want their children to mingle' with them. The state provides a school at the reservation, but on account of I nothing there for them to do and make a living and the land so [poor that they can not farm and ' live on it they have to go else where. The writer for some time has: i :>een in correspondence with Sen- |~ itor Dial and others in regard to Tying to get the national go#%n- j sient to take these Indians over | md relieve the taxpayers of South Carolina of #hem and so far^has met with little success, and i^h^ Allowing letter from Congressn iu Stevenson is correct, then there is nothing left for the general assem bly of this state to do but t<T get busy and try to get a final settle ment with these people or either provide for them. Mr. Stevenson, under date of January 12, \mtes as follows: ??My Dear Williams: 8 ? ? Referring to your letter in re gard to the Catawba Indians, will|| say that I noticed the activities you mention of Senator Dial and Corrgressman Fuimer about this, and I was of the opinion that*they would find out that there was noth ing in the claim. I took the matter up immediately when I came to congress, but felt sure that Cherej must be some explanation, or our congressmen would have long since had the government take charge of these Indians. It was gone into very fully .'years ago, li think in Hemphill's day, and .the' findings were very clearly ser4orth,: and the following is the explana tion: All other Indians, at least in the south, dealt directly with the national government, surrendered their lands to the national govern ment, in consequence of the prom-, ise of support, hence the national^ government takes care of them.' The Catawbas, on 'i.e other hand,' made their treaty with the state' of South Carolina and surrender ed all land which they claimed;, ex cept the present reservation -Vhich> they have in consideration of South Carolina's contract to take care of them. Hence the liability: is the state's and not the national government's, and your Uncle Sam .has steadfastly and finally put his foot down that the Catawbas have' no claim against the national gov ernment and that none will be; , recpgnized.'' . From the above it appears that, there is nothing left for the state ,c-f South Carolina to do but to take, care of this problem, and in jus tice to humanity they should get the matter in a better shaDe* than it now is or has been for'many years. The 'Indians have been criticised for their religion?the: majority of them at least?they be ing Mormons. But they state abso lutely that no other religious sect paid them any attention until the Mormons came among them and, established a church, whicSi has been the case in regard to their .?welfare from the standpoint of an existence until recently. As I see the matter, regardless of hdw in dolent they are or anything else, they arer human beings, wards of .our state and should at least be put on par with the negro. O. X. Willaims. Financial Agent Catawba -In dians, Rock Hill. ? ? *; Death. Georgetown, Jan. 29.?Mrs. Ella B: Doar, relict of the late "Josiais-\ Doar, died yesterday afternoon at her home here after - a* short ill ness. She was 6i years' of age. Several years past Mrs. Deter has been living with her daughter, Mrs. T. D. Forbes in North Carolina, but recently, with them returned to Georgetown. Mrs. Doarvwas form erly Miss Russell of Augusta, Ga., where she has many relatives. She leaves two sons, Russell and DSfc^J vid Doar. and two daughters, Mrs. T. D. Forbes and Mrs. 'McElveen of Easley, all of whom arj here. The funeral services will be held on Monday at the Duncan Meth odist church. 6 - COTTON MARKET NEW YORK COTTOM. Yast?ys Open High Low Close Cose March .. _I6.55 16.55 16.00 16.12 16.65 May .16.28 16.28 T5.80 15.90 ?8.41 July .. _ .16.02 16.03 15.50 15.63 16.1? Oct. .. _ .15.60 15.60 15.07 IW4 tf.6fl, Dec. _ _ .15.11 15.11 15.10 15.15 15.55 Tone quiet. Spots 50 down, 16.45/ NEW ORLEANS COTTOE. I ? Yesttfys Open High Low Clow Close March _ .15.38 15.45 14.84 14.94 15.60 May .15.40 15.43 14.82 14.33 15.57 July .15.18 15.23 14.65 14.78 15^5 Ort.14.76 14.76 14.35 14:49 14.87 Dec . 14.37 14.74 Tone uuiet. Spots 50 down, 15. LIVERPOOL C0TT8N. * - January.1 _ 9.ff March . 9.12 May .^_ 9.12 July ._ . 9.10 October ._ . -v__ 8.94 December.__.*. 8.84 Tone steady, ales C.000. Middling 9.42. Good Middling 10.17. This Montreal person who took a 500-mile taxi ride would* have found a Turkish bath quickfr. . -^9*^0* ? 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