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The Watchman and Southron ' 1,; ^ . ? v Published Wednesday and Satur ..'?''./ . day by Osteeii Publishing Company, m: . Sumter, S. C. ? Terms: . $2/00 per annum?in advance. V^avejrtife^mcnts: One. Square, first insertion _-$1.00 JSvery iub>iquent insertion ? .50 _ X^^hV^aucts for three months or longer will be made at reduced rates" AH communications which sub |r., serve .private. interests will be charged for*as advertisements, , Obituaries and tributes of re spect will be charged f?r. The . J^mter Watchman was -founded in 1850 and the True Southron'm 1566.^ The Watchman and Sottthron now ha?? the com bined circulation and m*3uencfe of both ofVhe old papers, and is man ifestly, the best advertising medium in Sumter. ? ... .-X- r. SIMPLIFYING THIXGS. b?oti _ The stress of war helped along the proces of standardization. It .. wasufojind necesary to simplify in dustrial products for the sake of efficiency:; ' When 'the war ended, tbere. -was no return to the old complexity. The process continues. It is especially noticeable in the ?^c?ltural implement industry, where . 1*06 kinds of plows have -been ieKmtinated and 41 retained, 762 'kinds of planters and drills ehrfiinat^d and 29 retained, and 37 cnItiv;a?ors eliminated and eight retained, ?? Nearly'one-half of the varieties of taps, and dies have been drop ped, ;a-ad"60 per cent of malleable -enafnsj There is an effort to re "- 3ucer bricks to one standard size. Abo^l.(.i,500 varieties of pocket ki?v?snJo?i"e been decreased io 100 'basicB -patterns and 300 varieties. " ' Umbrella manufacturers are stan daj^izin5:.everythinfe but the han dles:: T*be great number of bicycles ?? ;fo**rae**fyfr produced have been brought' 'down* to 22 models. StjU^tfc^re remains much to be ?ovtss, ?fciindustry in general is to ? be br?feght to the degree of ef fic^cpcryc ahown in a few of ,the best^e$&$pies of standardization. : The -need; is felt especially in the -"" bui??hg industry, because of the ;. great. need ofMiew construction and - tfa^r jjigh costs. **These costs, due in part, no doubt, to artificial b^lsrterin??' of prices, are also caus ed largely "by the wide variety of style, shapes and sizes of the ma V.-- tcriaiS;} '*So many kinds of wood -'***tr?nand-1 window*!, for instance, are .spec^red b*r architects," says a _r- ^uildera -'that. manufacturers of these d?* only , make them to or der?they' can never make up ' .'stock. They are little more than ... od{Tj?fe*&,.: That is what keeps the ........cost .of the staff so high.'/ ?-r^tjhis account Secretary of Conferee Hoover is planning to ? .'.?-ca^ira-*ii(ULtional. coxifereoce of ar ... ^chitects,' contractors and building material 'manufacturers and deal ers to work out a plan for sim plifying >thiS varieties of material .which go into construction. It would* be well if that conference ^^.werel ollowed by others, to stand ardize and simplify the products of industries not yet in harmony ' with^iiisl'modern idea. ?!7?.. Arid when the practical business men -get -the **aaierial things of this indnjptriat ^ age -simplified, the J"\ philosophers might start in trying to simplify human life itself. MOTOR* GAS FOR RATS. -. Farmer*; in Ohio have found an effective way to get rid of rats. When, they have a "pest hunt" ihey. rfmd the rat- hole, attacm a hose to'the exhaust pipe of a fliv ver and' start the engine. Any oc cupant^? that hole that is pot ,asnhyxia$ed before he knows what has hafpfrened to him promptly makes^his appearance and is shot. His daxed condition makes him - an-.easy mark for the shotgun. The idea is worth copying any where,- ;n\ the war against rodents of various kinds. It also suggests the fofly'df human beings who run an autorrjobile in a closed garage and.fill the garage and themselves withipoison gas. Rats?would know better than that. f ? ^ ? TXT^XATIOXAL PLAY. 1 ^_ Mostvtxf the news about France y. ' .these days is of a political nature. But an item has broken into the sport pages which affords welcome relief from demands for more war ships. ? Tnat is the statement of the minister-erf sports that work on the stadium for the Olympic games of ll?24 is to go forward steadily. Tile. Paris frtadium is to be the biggest of its kind ever erected. It will also be the best equipped. It is to?have a capacity for 150.000 spectators, a number far in excess *' of any; previous attendance at these games. The same" English firm which built' the stadium at Antwerp is to build, the new one at Paris. It is expected that the field and traok - - will he completed 18 months before i I the games start, so that the ground j may settle properly, making pos sible more record-breaking feats than at Antwerp. In the midst of all their other discussions and plans and- pro- ! gtams, the civilized nations still j have time to look forward to and j prepare for a great play festival to- ; gether, when their finest athletes i will compete in wholly friendly rivalry for honor and places of dis- ] tinction in all sorts of athletic j sports and contests. That is some- j thing to remember when internat- | tonal animosities loom large. ? Y_ , PROTECTING SOCIETY. There are undoubtedly some misguided attempts at prison re form: which accomplish no good i either for society or for the pris- j oner, ?thd which may even do a little harm. l3ut the man or wo man who therefore condemns all prison reform as sentimental cod idling of convicted criminals should find food for thought tn a letter j recently published in an eastern j newspaper. The writer , said in! part: \. *'? criminal is imprisoned 'to protect society.' How long? The j judge decides that he must pro tect it "for three years, 10 years, 20 years, and sentences society to receive its enemy back at the end of that time. I wonder, some times, how the Judge knows that at the end of the term he fixes in ad vance, this man will be fit to come lout. "The time has come for a prison j system which makes a prisoner's i j future, instead of his past, the j principal thought." j This attitude, as in othe~ 'in stances of progressive and en lightened thought, is both altruistic and selfish, it is to the prisoner's advantage *o be trained to honesty, self-support and self-respect. It is even more to society's advantage to have him so trained. This points out once more the truth difficult for .some to perceive and believe in, that what is for the best good of one is for the best good of all. THE BURNT CORN. It develops that the widespread indignation over the use of corn for fuel in some of the agricultural states was uncalled for. Quite aside from the plea of the farm- j ers themselveSr that if they want to burn their corn because it is j cheaper than coal, that is nobody's j business but their own, it appears j that comparatively little. corn has been burnt, or is likely to be. So j there is really no problem. * j Iowa State College, investigating the situation in its state, reports that not more than 2 per cent of the farmers are burning any corn at all," and it is unlikely that more than 300,000 bushels fit for human rconsumption or for marketing in any form have been burnt so far. That is only one-eighth of 1 per cent of Iowa's corn production. Iowa is the biggest corn state, j and one Of the states , where the coal problem has been most d*f Ificult. It seems doubtful whether all of the edjtble corn burnt for fuel j in all the states this winter will j amount to more than a few mil lion bushels. And let it be remem bered that the corn crop for the United States last year was 3.185, 876,000 bushels. Famine in the Cape Vertfe Islands. Lisbon, Dec. 25.?Many residents of the Cape Verde Islands are ad vocating an appeal to foreign coun tries for relief from the famine conditions which have prevailed there for many months, says Joa j quim de Macedo, an engineer, who ! has just returned from the islands. The Cape Verdes are controlled by I Portugal but the people declare I that the mother country appears j to have forgotten its colony and j to have left thousands of Por | tuguese to die of famine , Senator Macdeo described condi tions in the islands as horrible. He said that 200 persons had died i each day in the town of Praia ^n i the summer months when the fam j ine was at -its worst and that the j bodies were left unburied to be de j /oured by dogs, ravens and hyenas, j The people, like living skeletons, staggered about the streets until } they fell dying. The population of ! one island, he said, had been re j duced by one-third and the silent, j d'-serted streets "resembled a gi { gantie necrepolis." The chief^eause of the famine ! was drought" for the last three j years. Senor Macedo said the C^pe J VerdiSns had appealed to Portu j gal for aid but had received only j corn which could not be eaten by ihe weak and famine-stricken ! people and that many of fhem were ! unable to buy it. Senor Macedo and others are (trying to induce the Portuguese j government to arrange a method j by which the islanders can raise sufficient funds from the ns.- of their' cables to pay for an tryiga 4 tion system and this plan has been [approved by the Portugese presi ; dent. This gives promise that the f situation in the islands will be im ;proved. j The various types of "istn" ar tists keep us continually guessing j?guessing whether they're shoot ling over our heads, or merely fir ? ins blanks, i Good Roads Meeting in Columbia Plans Formulated to Increase Funds For Road Building in South Carolina Columbia, Jan. 25 ?The build ing of good roads throughout South, Carolina was the theme of i the three principal addresses at | the banquet of the South Carolina Good Roads association last night. This is also the underlying purpose behind the association and the South Carolina road institute, the , members of which with the mem bers of the general assembly were the guests at tie banquet at the Jefferson Hotel. Three plans for; the realization of this aim and | that, too, without net cost to the people of the state were proposed: One a $50,000,000 bond issue for road building, a ^i^er the state highway commission's six year $34,000,000 road building and I road maintenance progrom, -the j third a combination of the first! two. The highway commission j plan carries with it the issuance of $10,000,000 in bonds and the! proposed combination plan would i carry with it the increase of this [ bond issue to $50,000,000 and the j consequent; extension of the pe- j riod of retirement. The $50,000,000 bond issue plan was suggested by L. D. Jennings of \ Sumter. president of the good roads association, who presided as j tbastmaster. Mr. Jennings is also j che lather of the compromise plan, calling for the enlargement and ex tension of the state highway com mission's proposed program. Eith er plan, Mr. Jennings said, could be successfully carried through with no cost to the state other than the use of the state's / credit and both would result in the end in the saving to the people of the \ state of millions of dollars which j the possession of a good system of j highways would of necessity mean. Permeating Mr. * Jennings' ad dress and setting it apart from 99 per cent, of all speeches, -talks and i addresses made and heard in j South Carolina at present, was an j overpowering, resistless optimism, j "Don't pay-too much attention." j he told the legislators, "to the hue j and cry for reduction of taxes and reduce taxes only when by so doing j you do not retard the growth of j the state. A county, a state or %a j nation can not stand still and When we begin to cut we go back ward. Let us cling to the things that are worth while." Governor Cooper was the second speaker on the program, pointing j out to the members of the general I assembly the duty facing them to make some provisions to meet the! problem of unemployment that will ? face the state in the next twox. years, j he thought. Many small farmers I throughout the state, Governor^ Cooper said, will find themselves j in need of additional work; fac-; tories and stores and farms j throughout the state will be un- j able to employ the numbers of' men they now use and will need j when the state^ once more enjoys j the substantial prosperity which, he thought, is certain to be ?South Carolina's in days to come. The building of roads under some plan as suggested, Governor Cooper said, would provide employment for the unemployed and would keep them fFom leaving the state j and prevent them from begging, i the only possible alternative that he saw facing the men to be thrown out of work. "This," Governor Cooper said: "I consider the eco nomic thing to do. We must insure fori the people these privileges and j opportunities, that will make { them enjoy living here and en- ; Doying it produce more and buy! more." t ? i R. Goodwyn P>hett of Charles- ! ton. chairman of the state high way commission, set forth in some detail the difficulties facing the; state highway commission and its proposed six year $34.000.000 pro gram for meeting these difficulties and solving them. Under this program, as explained by Mr. Rhett, the motor vehicle license tax would be raised slightly to bring in $7,800,000 in the six years, a tax of -one cent a gallon on gas oline imposed to produce $3.400. 000 in the six years, the two mill road tax levy would be continued to furnish S6.200.000 in the six ,years. and a $10,000.000 bond is sue floated to bring the total, in cluding the $6,600,000 in federal j aid funds available under the pro | gram, up to $34.000.000. This, Mr. Rhett said, would enable the I commission to construct 4,000 miles j of improved highways. 600 miles of j permanent roads, build all neces j sary bridges in the state, maintain I the roads already built and to be ! constructed, pay the interest and I provide for the eventual retire ; ment of the bonds issued and turn1 I back sufficient funds to the coun j ties to enable them to continue their county -oad programs?ana ; all this, Mr. Rhett skid, can be done without net cost to the peo ; pie or automobile users of the i state. ! Other speakers heard for brief I talks were: R. M. Cooper, Jr.. of ? Wisacky, Dr. W. A. Tripp of An i derson. A. A. Edmunds of Edge j field and T. G. McLeod of Bishop | vttle. The legislature will he asked by the good roads association, as ? the members attending the ban quet last night were asked by Mr. Jennings. Governor Cooper and , Mr. Rhett. to pass the acts neces ! sary to put one of these plans or "some .similar plan in force, the is suing of the bonds being depend jent of course, upon the agree ! ment of the qualified electors of ; the state. t "Grand opera is almost as good as ;i phonograph record after you j get accustomed to tlo- absence of [thai funny scratching noise. A criminal's favorite punctu ation is the period, which marks the end of a sentence. A Taxpayer Suggests Plan For Cutting Tax County Should Be Tax Unit Instead of the State From the Pee Dee Advocate. Jan uary 20, 1922. Mr. Editor: It has about reach ed the point, where: When a man has built a barn Go and tax him: When he has cleared another farm, Go and tax him! When he lays another roof. When he grows another hoof. Hustle round and get the proof, Then go and tax him. Has a man a pot of money. Don't tax him! Though it's sweet like honey. Don't tax him! Let him reap what others sow. People are rather fools you know; If they were not, they would go, And Tax HIM. In 1905. the assessed value of property in South Carolina was $220,000,000. The revenue at a rate of 5 1-4 mills was $1,550,000. Ten years later the assessed value was $310,907.10L The levy was 7 mills. So that in ten years the in crease in taxable values was less than 5 per cent, and the increase in expenditures was 100 per cent In 1921.# the assessed taxation was $6.767.13*5 on a, 12 mill levy. The assessed value of property was $452,490,600, so that mills increase as assessments increase, thus dou bling taxes. During this period there has been an increase of about 15 per cent, in population. Now all ex perts in taxation agree that when taxes increase faster than wealth and population. an unbearable burden is placed on the'people. Who is responsible? No state, county or town official will admit that this condition is the result of his administration. It is not. It is the system which piles up the expense account, which the taxpayer is compelled to settle. We have built' up a spoils system from the little town to the congressional pork barrel, a government by bureau instead of a Democracy. The taxpayers of this state have been bullied and brow beaten by a bunch of pre tentious tin horn politicians until fliey have got into the habit of standing in line to have their pockets picked. Useless boards and commsisions are created each year, because of the growing horde of spoilsmen, seeking a reward for services per formed for: the machine, and this demands a constant extension of the system. There has been little effort in this state for a real business ad ministration. Taxes in South Car olina have trebled in 20 years, yet who dares say in maintenance of law or efficiency we have been bet tered ? This state and every other state in the nation is flooded with politi cal leeches performing no essen tial work, but bending their ener gies to keep up a machine which will perpetuate their iobs. Food inspectors, oil inspectors, internal revenue agents, special tax collec tors, whiskey constables, charity inspectors pellagra experts, horse doctors, hog doctors, bureau agents and hundreds of trustees, all -mov ing up and down the land at heavy expense, everlastingly drawing sal aries and piling up expense ac counts to the profit of the political machine and the impoverishment of the ordinary citizen, who "pays the freight." I venture the assertion, that leaving out the lately enfranchised women that one voter out of 2u in the primary is on either state or federal pay role in some capacity. ! Only voters are useful to the poli tician and this means the balance ; of power is held by the machine. Where is it to end? j Any man knows' that such a course would bankrupt any private ! business within six months, and I this government, state and nation j al. is-only able, to survive the in j creasing drain at the expense of the taxpayers, j Efficiency is the only basis for i progress and the economic etrug ! gle demands it. j The entire nation is in the dead season of its fortunes. The reac j tion from the exertion and fears of the war are at their height. We were moved beyond endurance, and never in the world has the universal element in the soul of I mar. burned so feebly. ; For who docs not see that we do not end war when we put a stop to actual conflict between nations? ;This is only a superficial view. Any [wide social and industrial struggle I that is attended in its natural i course with great suffering is war. The essence of war is a needless : competition between states corpor j at ions and individuals that results in wide spread suffering, and surely ! we are in the midst of that. Remedy. The rapid concentration of pow ers, taken away from the states, in Washington is alarming, but this will never be remedied except through action at home. Send good government and economy to Washington and it will come hack home to bless. Send extravagance end it is returned ten fold to curse. The Power to Tax. is the Power to Destroy. Let us as a people guard this right. We need ? 1st. To g?-t the assessment of property <?vit of politics. So long as the officials assessing property are aspiring politicians, there will be favoritism. 2nd. A governor, who will throw the rsponsibilty for excessive tax ation oh the legislature by a firm use of t h?- veto power. 3rd. Do away with so many boards, commissions, et<-.. by hav ing "t'?1 administrative board to {control th<- sta:?- institutions, there by ceasing to duplicate state ma chinery. Ith The Recall to apply to ev , cry elective officer; from governor to coroner, so that we can tire the men we hire. Our free institutions can only be preserved by getting back to i first principles, and the matter of taxation will either force reform or revolution will overtake our re public as it has those in the past, i Xo saving in mere money will com pensate for lowering our standard of life, but popular government is on trial the world over. Amend ments to the constitution can give four year terms and biennial ses sions of the legislature, saving election expenses, etc.. amounting-: to at least a fifth of our necessary expenses. The greatest problem is to equalize taxation, and the county should be ihe unit, instead of as now having a rivalry between the counties in the matter of- low val uation. The general assembly should first determine just what amount is necessary to conduct the stale government, and this should i be apportioned among the counties j ! in proportion to wealth and pop ulation. Then the county commis I sioners in each county, elected by : the people, should assess the prop ' erty in the county and levy a tax i to pay its proportionate share of j the state government, and what-. 1 ever they may determine to spend 1 for the county in addition. The I money would be kept in the coun ty, and it would be to the interest I of each citizen to see that all of > the property of the county was re | turned for taxation, because every ; dollar that escaped would make j his taxes higher. The burden of : taxation would be more widely dis i tributed by bringing the invisible \ property out of hiding. I Instead of so many trustees. ! one board consisting of the govern i or, and other state officers and five i elected by the general assembly ! could look after every charitable I and penal institution in the state. We now virtually have three_ agri cultural departments, the state warehouse, Clejmson college and the regular department of agri culture should be combined under one head, so that when an inspec tor went to a town, he could inspect waehouses. attend to pure food enforcement and other kindred du ties. If he is qualified for one, he can be for aj.1. Why pay three men when one can do the work? The railroad commission and in ' surance department should be j placed in charge of the secretary j of state, and the highway commis I sion, in charge' of the comptroller ! general./ because with this new ? mode of assessment, he would have : ample time. i In the judicial department, the ; trial justice at the county seat should be given jurisdiction in civil j cases where the amount involved j does not exceed one thousand dol \ lars and in criminal cases where j the punishment is not over one i year. This alone would save many j thousands in court expenses and j not do injustice to litigants. The idea that money for roads ; or other improvements costs the I county nothing when it comes from j Columbia or Washington is false. } In the long run, we pay it all and I for much red tape and bureau ex | penses in addition. It is not ! charity, and is on?- of the means of : encouraging extravagance, graft and incompetency. Respectfully, s TAXPAYER. 1 ? ? ?-. Columbia Railway Lost Money j Columbia. Jan. 23.?Trie Colum bia Railway. Gas & Electric Co., ! will have to operate on a different j basis from that of last year, where : the company lost heavily every month, or it will have to go out of business, so far as its street cars are concerned. This was the po ! sition of the company as stated to I the state board of conciliation, at I a hearing in the supreme court i rooms of the capitol Tuesday after ! noon, attended by a capacity aud ience of street; car men and others ;interested. After hearing both sides of what has been considered a con* troversy between the company and j its employed over the 1922 wording j agreement, the board of concilia tion came to the decision that i there was nothing for them to conciliate. The car men had of fered a contract which the com I pany refused to consider. The company had offered an entirely : different agreement. The two sides : were as far apart as north and south. The matter was taken un der advisement, .however, and a , decision will be announced early ; in February. It was pointed out that the ? agreement submitted by the com pany is not similar to that of last [year in any way. The company's \ plan is to dispose of the "closed shop", and it offers a new wage scale. The wage scale was not objected to seriously by the em ployes, their objection being to the method of employment, which the ; company proposed to handle in whatever way it sees lit. The ear men want to have the old priority Of service clause put into the new agreement. It was pointed out by the company that by handling the employment situation as it sees tit. a saving can be effected, which will probably enables it to con tinue operation of cars. ? ? o Control Of Railroad Rates By Commission Washington. Jan. 25.?The sub committee of the agricultural enn ference has voted :i recommenda tion to return to the state rail road commission the control over state rate:. Xegro delegates who called at the White Hons.- request ed the president for more general federal aid for negro agricultural colleges and financial encourage ment of negro farmers. Considering ttiat we're legally dry, it':- truly remarkable how hard liquor isn't to get. PROBLEMS CONSIDERED BY CONFERENCE Numerous Plans Sug gested For Relief of "Agricultural D e - pression and t o Make Farming Profitable Washington, Jan. 25.?Propos- j als looking to development of American agriculture as a self-sus taining industry were considered today by the national agricultural conference while its committee continued working on suggested measures to relieve the present acute situation and . provide for general rehabilitation. / The program of addresses which covered marketing problems in many phases was interrupted long enough to permit Chairman Ander son to deny the charge voiced in some quarters that the delegates to the conference were "hand picked." Mr. Anderson said that Secretary Wallace, despite the shortness of time in which to. select delegates after the conference was called, had consulted farm organization leaders and others in making up his list. Governor Parker of, Louisiana, one of .the speakers on the'program who was the first to mention the "whispered talk of hand-picked" delegates at today's meeting, also defended the conference. A proposal for establishment of commodity financing through loans to farmers running from six months to three years was indorsed today by a subcommittee working on this phase of the rehabilitation pro gram. The proposal was said to provide for creation by the govern ment of an agency for discounting farmers' notes based on agricultur al commodities and livestock pa pers. This was said to be one of ; the important steps necessary to ameliorate the present situation, j A number of "informal confer ences were held today both before i and during the conference session I by delegates who were said to be j considering the proposal of a rest olution indorsing the "farm bloc" in congress. Conosiderable.discus sion of the "farm bloc" followed I President Harding's address Mon i day, it was said, and delegates fa ' voring action in support of ft are i understood to. be canvassing to de I termine what reception such a res | olution would be likely to receive. I Reduction of wages paid railroad J labor and of freight rates was rec , ommended tonight by a subcommit ' tee on costs, prices and readjust j ment. The committee declared that j prices paid railroad labor and that of other industries was much great er than returns received by agri cultural labor and that a read ! justment was necessary. Another subcommittee recom mended a tariff rate on sugar high enough to put sugar production in America on the same basis as dur ing the war. These reports are to be considered by the fuil commit tee at a meeting tomorrow. The committee on agricultural credit and insurance also reported a res j olution urging congress to ccnsid ter the advisability of a plan for crop insurance against pest and elements [ and the creation of a crop insur : ance bureau, ? . Cooperation between various pro ! ducing and distributing agencies ; was recommended by a subcommit ' tee on market costs, studies and j improved business methods. j Considerable difference of opin ! ion developed in the subcommit tee on waterways in its discussion of the St. Lawrence-Great Lakes waterway, opposition being, evi denced by New York interesst. It was understood, however, that the j proposal was indorsed. The reporc of the committee pro viding immediate credit for farm ers would have congress create an agency of the government to dis count for any bank or incorporated livestock loan association paper on which they had made loans for ag ricultural purposes. It would also : provide for loans direct by this I agency to any cooperative associa ! tion organized under the laws of i any state where farm paper is se cured by a warehouse receipt ( over ling the commodity on which the ! loan is j>ought. This agency would also be ern ; powered t<> sell debentures with security of not more than three ; years and secured by such paper. Note of the agency could be redis 1 counted by the federal reserve banking system. Extension of tiie war finance cor poration from July 1 next "until : such time as may seem necessary and proper" was also recommend ed. Due representation of agriculture on die reserve board also was urg ed- The subcommittee on tobacco recommended investigation by tin state ^government in cooperation 1 with state . gencies, of the most i economic methods of production and consumption, kinds of tobac co most suitable for particular jsoil and the best methods of controlling insect pets and plant diseases. Ir urged a standard grade for trans poiting different types of tobacco ami a warehouse system. Tin- subcommittee ?>n crop sta tistics recommended that a Census .of agriculture he taken every five years by tin- bureau of the census, in cooperation with the department of agriculture: that an annual cen sus of acreage planted to various crops be taken in the spring by tax assessors in connection with the listing of taxable property: that ;th<- department of agriculture re i port in addition to crop condition and forecast during tin- growing iseason, tin- production and value of crops, the quantify of products on ' farms, the marketable surplus of crops; and that the county be adopt- j ed as the geographical unit for re porting crop production. ?! -,? ? # ? Day of Testimony In Arbuckle Case Finger Print Expert and Newspaper Man Are Wit nesses for State San Francisco. Jan. 23.?Finger I prints alleged t?? have been made on the door of Roscoe Arbuckle's1 room in the Hotel St. Francis! ??could have been forged under \ some circumstances." E. O. Hein-. : rich, finger print-expert testified j today in the second trial of a ; manslaughter charge against Ar buckle in connection with Miss j Virginia Rappe's death. I ? '"I determined as best I could by : I experiments that the particular, [ ones were not forged, however/' he j ; said. The prosecution charges that I the finger prints indicate that Miss: ' Rappe attempted to escape from j [the room on the occasion that she was supposed to have been fatally j i injured by Arbuckle and that he j had forcibly detained her. Previ j ously Heinrich, who was on the ; 'stand most of the day. had identi-j ; fied the finger prints as those of j Arbuckle and Miss Rappe. Warden Woolard, a Los Angeles j newspaper man. gave testimony that caused the prosecution to , read to the jury all the testimony ! offered by Arbuckle as a witness in 1 I his own defense in the first trial, i j The reading was based on the con- j tention that Arbuckle made state-, j ments in Los Angeles contrary to j his testimony. Woolard testified that he inter- j : viewed Arbuckle'in Los Angeles) September 9 regarding dispatches i : telling of Miss Rappe's death in I San Francisco on the same day. "Arbuckle said that Miss Rappe j i was taken ill at a party he had j ! given in the Hotel St. Francis," j : Woolard testified. Arbuckle denied having hurt J ! Miss Rappe in any way, but admit- I ; ted that "he pushed her down oh ? i the bed to keep her quiet." Wool- j ! ard said. The reading of Ar I buckle's testimony was cut short by j adjournment over night. I Railway Shopmen Reject Reduction! i Chicago. Jan. 24.? (By the Asso-j ciated Press).?Rejection of all j j railroad shop rules, recently pro-' ; mulgated by the United States rail j road labor board, which cut time, j and one-half pay for extra wqrk j [ from the shopmen's wages was or-j i dered today by the/commission of j 100, acting for the six railway j ' shop crafts. In a circular issued to the 500.- i 000 shop workers in the country, j j the committee ordered new dis j putes instituted with the railway j ; managements immediately over theser ules, and failirig an agree- J ment, the disputes were ordered j taken to th elabor board for hear- j i ing. The. circular was signed by' j the international presidents of the ! six shop crafts unions. Of the sev- \ \ en rejected rules, the greatest dis- ! satisfaction centered on rule six, j providing straight time for regular- j ly assigned work on Sundays and holidays. This work was previous ly paid for at time and one-half, j The committee proposed a substi j tute rule reinstating time and one | half. The board's new rules covering employees assigned to emergency work and to fill temporary vacan ' ces at outlying points were also ! rejected by the committee because j they took away certain pay pro i visions contained in the old nation I al agreement made during federal ' control. Under rule 10, emer gency employees are paid for time j worked in accordance with the practice at the home station and i straight time for all time waiting ! or traveling. The union committee directed in stitution of a dispute to reinstate I ;me and one-half and double time I to cover all time spent on the emergency assignment whether : working, waiting or traveling. Similar provisions will be ask ed ni disputes to be created over rules 12 and. 14. applying to men assigned to temporary vacancies at outlying points and to men on j road work who leave and return j to their home stations daily. ! The board's new rule allowing ithe carriers to require a physical examination for all aplications for Employment was also remanded to the system federatins to renegoti ate with the individual roads. The committee directed that the dispute be instituted to have this rule modified, "in the interest of the employees/' Another important rule by which 'the board made it possible Cor the roads to hiiv any man familiar : with the use of tools as a car re |pairer came under fire by the committee. A new rule was pro posed over which the carmen are directed to. open negotiations. The proposed rule would allow helpers and helper apprentices*- with less (than four years' experience to be advanced to mechanic's grade .and if more men are needed, men with i experience in the use of mechanic's tools could be hired. Tins would eliminate the hiring of any car penter who had not had mechani ra f experience. Thirty-three other rules were ac cepted, ;?ubje< t to the interpreta tion which the committee placed lipon th< m and the remaining rules ^ w ere agreed to. Some revision of certain of the overtime rub s was said to be likely as they were found to permit of , different interpretations as they j stand at present. Railroad officials, however, declared there was little likelihood of reinstating any of time and one-half previsions wiped out by 3 he board. -<v-o-~*. Indiana has three hundred posts. The unemployment situation is .worse than wc thought, i Would Reorganize State Highway Dept ?ill Introduced by Represent atives Hughes and Bromi Would Completely Change - Present System Columbia, Jan. 25.?Represen tative/; E. T. Hughes of Marlon and Edgar A. Brown of BarnweU have prepared a bill for the leg islature to wholly revolutionize the organization of the state high way department. The new bill would abolish the present state highway commission of seven mem bers and create the office of state highway commissioner to be elect ed by the legislature, this lone commissioner to be the chief en gineer of the department. The bill would put licensing of cars. on county commissions. Representatye Horton introduced in the house a bill to put forward by four days the opening of the season for hunting partridges and wild turkeys. At present the sea son opens on Thanksgiving Day. The new idea is to allow a man to kill game for his Thanksgiving meal. The bill would also allow trapping in ditches on a man's own land or in deserted rice fields. The house of representatives to day debated at length the bill by Representative Sheppard of FAge field to reducing the nu:.. ;r of jurors necessary to a verdict* ins civil cases from the full jury to nine in cases of juries of twelve and to four where the jury num bers six. There was'' lengthy 'de bate and it appeared that there was strong sentiment in favor of the bill, but vote was postponed until the night session to allow for certain corrections in phraseology. The house killed a senate meas ure to provide pensions for cer tain faithful negroes who were en gaged in the service of t.\e state in the civil war. Representative Greer, a veteran of Greenville, spoke for the bill. Representative Beamlett also . a Greenville* veter an, spoke against it. -? ? ? Debate on Lynching Bill ' Washington. Jan. 25.?Debate in the house on the Dyer anti-lynch ing bill was concluded today fend the measure was taken up under the five-minute rule which affords members an opportunity to offer amendments. Republican leaders announcing that the bill would be kept before the house until a final vote was reached, said they were confident it would be sent to the senate late tomorrow or Friday. Roll calls during debate indicat ed1 that proponents of the measure were in a majority but it is ex pected that a number^ of 'drastic amendments will be offered in attempt to alter amendments whiefe1- call for heavy penalties in the way of fines and imprisonment for persons participating in lynch ings and for officials who through negligence fail to prevent them. The bill as it stands also provides that counties in which lynchings occur must forfeit $10,000 tv/. the families of the victims. Democrats are said to_ stand practically solid in opposition al though two minority members, Representatives Cockran and Grif fine both of New York, spoke in favor of the bill today. Several Re publicans, have expressed opposi tion to it and a number of Repub lican members are expected to vote in the negative on the final 'roll call. The session today was marked by a verbal clash between Repre sentatives Sisson (Democrat) of Mississippi and Cooper (Republi can ) of Wisconsin which threw the : house into confusion with several ! hundrcKl negroes in the gaUejfles ; joining in a demonstration that fcr?s ; silenced with difficulty. The flare up occurred when Mr. Coop*"" de jciared Mr. Sisson had "openayiad ! vocated" mob rule. Mr. Sisson dur I ing an attack on the bill had. de ; scribed conditions in. the South and Shad contended that mob violenec j could not be stamped out until i "black rascals keep their hands off j the throats of white women."* Advocating federal action as a ; means of checking lynchings. Rep resentative Mondel. Republican leader, declared that states *had ; failed utterly to assert their author ity. If permitted to go uncheck ed. Mr. Mondel contended, lynch ing will break down and destroy I law and order and civilization. Rep resentative Garrett Tennessee, I Democratic leader, appealed to j members from the Pacific coast j who. he said were confronted with a perplexing race question to stand with opponents of the Dyer bill in resisting interferrence of the fed eral government in state affairs. ; "Whatever you people in- the West decide to do in working out your problem we of the South will understand." said Mr. Garrett. Miami. Jan. 25.?Guarded by j motorcycle police six members of a negro orchestra, engaged ?t a large tourist hotel here, were tak en to a suburb and placed aboard a train for Columbus, Ohio, the negroes' home. East night-, the negroes were lured to the suburbs and beaten by a gang of men and warned to leave Miami with in twenty-four hours. Their mu sical instruments were destroyed. It is said the negroes attempted to mingle with white people and one attempted to direct a new dance. Drys are putting stars in their windows: but three stars in a%row don't mean what they once meant. ? ? Home-made girls make homes. . A European statesman says .the world looks to America for its mo tive power. Sure thing. It thinks America is a tilling station. The submarines, at present, are totally submerged in hot wateK