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Hie, Watchman ano* Southron Published Wednesday and Satur *day by Osteeii Publishing Company, Sumter, S. G. Terms: $2.00 per annum?in advance. Advertisements: One Square,' first insertion ?51.0=0 Every subsequent insertion .50 Contracts for three months or longer will be made at reduced rafes. AU* communications which sub serve^ -private interests' will ?e charged for as advertisements. ^ ? Obituaries and tt?buies of re spect will be charged for. The Sumter Watchman was founded in 1?50 and the True Southron in 1866. The Watchman and Southron now has the com bined circulation" and influence of j both of the old papers, and is man ifestly the best advertising medium in Suagter. BEGIN THE FIGHT NOW. _sl_. - The most discouraging reports are being received from practically all sections of Sumter county in re spect to the failure or neglect of a majority cf the farmers to cut and plow under the cotton stalks. ? This should have been done as soon as the cotton was picked over t:ie last time, but it is not too late now to destroy the stalks and rid the fields of thousands of boll weevils that otherwise will hibernate in the fields until next spring. The fields | should be cleaned up and plowed,! the ditches and hedge rows cleared up and the trash burned and the edges of wood^s and^ bgoom sejige' fields in the vicinity of cultivated fields burned over. Every farmer who expects to plant any cotton next year should be 'fighting the weevil now. The progressive farm ers should not only, see to it that every cotton field on* own .places is plowed under and all harboring places for weevils cleaned up, but' they should-organize movements in each neighborhood to persuade or compel the negligent and shiftless farmers to do likewise. The plant ing of cotton cannot be entirely abandoned in Sumter county, but unless the methods advised by those "who have made a success of irow ing, limited acreages of cotton in weevil infested territory are strictly and intelligently put into practice, it will be impossible.^? produce any cotton^ in this section, except at a loss. The cotton farmers facie a desperate situation and unless they make vigorous and peVsistent use of every weap?n. known to them to j destroy the boll weevil the business j pi growing cotton will be utterly j .ruined. The first thing on the pro- ! gram for next year's ^cotton crop is ] to cut the stalks and turn them! xunder and then to clean up every place in or near the fields that affords protection to the hibernating pests. ? i ? ? ? ???_ * \ 0NE WAY TO CUT ARMIES. " _ The process by which France is reducing her standing army is il-, lutminating and suggestive to other nations.1 It offers one solution of the old problem of reducing land armament without reducing defen sive, power, i *Frahce; announces that she is going to cut her army in two by the simple device of cutting the period of miLfary service in two. She will continue training all her young men, as they reach military age, but .-only for a year and a half/ instead of three years. These men make up the bulk of her army. Anyone who followed the course o?.?he World War knows that by intensive training a civilian can be turned into a competent soldier in less than three years?and in less than a year and a half. America turned out a lot of first-class fight ing men in six months. .?By this process France saves 18 months out of the lives of all her able-bodied manhood, which pe riod can be devoted to constmctive work of. a "peaceful nature. She also saves their cost of mainten ance. And there are just as many men as ever available on call. There are other nations that can do the same thing, cutting their period of military service. Where service is not compulsory, armies may be cut just the same, without cutting -.the number of trained ] men. This, of course, is not real j disarmament, but it is a step in that direction. THE MILEAGE GRAFT. It is fair that a congressman's ! traveling expenses to and from his home should be paid by the govern ment, including legitimate vacation trips at the recesses of congress. But *he spectacle of congress work ing the mileage graft in times like the present is discouraging. There is no reason why a congressman who does not go home should ac cept the rail allowance for such a trip. Where the trip is taken, expenses should be guaged by the average expense of the average citizen for t T the sante trip?a first-class fare, a lower berth and %ji allowance for meals consistent with .the appetite and income of a normal individual. All of this might be itemized in an expense account to be audited be fore the bill is paid, as the travel ing expense of any employee in pri vate business would be. Awful hard life on the Rhine. Tank soldiers ate six tons of turkey Thanksgiving day. Also a ton or two of mince pie. And they have everything over there to put in mince pie. * * * In the absence of the sunshine of j prosperity too many people are re sorting to the moonshine of ad versity. ? ? ? ' Common sense and good faith would solve nearly all the problems i -? ? ? - - ? of diplomacy, but you could never convince an old-school diplomat of that. ' * * ' If somebody could figure out a way to "save an hour of daylight" \ about this time of the year, it would be worth while. ? ? *x "Four Deported Reds Sail Off in Gloom." All the reds seem blue nowadays*' ... We take it from Premier Briand s speech that France is going to have peace sometime if she has to fight forever to get it. A ? ? This sudden scrapping of new battleships merely hastens the obsolescent process. Th?all have to go to Davy Jones' junk heap sooner or later. ... One of those "week" innovators wants to celebrate a "work week." Surely nobody would object to a work week once a year. -? * 9 THE DEBT HABIT. Before the war the various na tional debts of the world aggregat ed 43 billions of dollars. Before the end of ;the year 1921, the total national indebtedness of the world will approach 400 billions of flol lars. It has'doubled since the war came to an end. By far the greater part of every national debt is domestic, repre senting borrowings from those in whose interest the money is suppos ed to be spent. As a result, inter est payments?and they amount to j 15 billions of dollars annually as ! against a billion and a half in 1913 j?are largely distributed at home, 1 and, because of this, may seem a less grevious burden. The astounding growth of nat ional debts since the war ' is ac counted for readily enough. Par ticularly in the newer political or ; ganisms it has been difficult to keep governmental expenditures within the limits of income from taxes, and debts have grown as de ficits mounted. The shrinking buy ing power of many currencies has been another contributing cause. But the great trouble has been that ^governments, like individuals, were strangely unsettled by the war years, and have been unable to set tle down since. Everywhere it has I been a case of "silk shirts and eighteen-dollar shoes" on national incomes sadly shrunken because of the waste of war. Nowhere, it seems, have governments been ready to admit that there were things they could not afford, better ments for which their people might well wait. - ? ? o Goes to Charleston Pendleton Accepts Call From St. Paul's Church Charleston, Nov. 2S.?The Rev. W. H. K. Pendleton, of the Church of the Advent, Spartanburg, has accepted a call to St. Paul's church, this city, succeeding the Kev. Mercer P. Logan as rector. Dr. Pendleton will come to Charleston as soon as he can make arrange ments. There is general satisfac tion felt here that he has decided to accept. COTTON MARKET NEW YORK COTTON. Ystdys Open High Low Close Close Jfn.17.45 17.55 17.10 17.12 17.63 March .17.35 17.50 17.09 17.12 17.60 May 17.05 17.23 16.84 16.92 17.31 July . 16.57 16.77 16.35 16.47 16.85 October .15.95 16.35 15.75 15.75 16.05 December 17.60 17.60 17.24 17.60 17.77 Spots 50 down; middling 17.55. NEW ORLEANS COTTON. Ystdys Open High Low Close Close ??an.16.70 16.85 16.40 16.40 16.97 March 1G.90 16.97 16.55 16.55 17.11 Mfiy .16.55 16.75 16.35 16.36 16.86 iuIV .?6.18 16.33 16.00 16.00 16.43 October . .15.39 15.39 13.14 15.14 15.55 December 16.50 16.00 16.31 16.31 16 80j Spots 25 down ; middling 17c. LIVEPOOL COTTON. January . 10 80 March . (0 74 M?y . 10.65 iu,y . 10.53 October . 10 00 Deeember .. . 10 83 Sales 4,000; middling 10.89; (lood Mid dling 11.69. "Russia's Stake at Washington" ?headlines The Digest. The print er mis-spelled "Steak". Bobbed hair must go; it mai es you lose your hold on a woman. Republicans Working! Hard For Tariff! Leaders Call on President To Exert Executive Influence For Bill Washington, Xov. 30.?Presi dent Harding has been urged to take a strong stand in his address to the new congress next week in behalf of pending tariff legislation. Confidence was evidenced among many congressional leaders today that* the power of the executive would be put behind the bill which now reposes with the senate fin ance committee. The suggestion was said to have been made to M?* Harding that he recommend, in t ie interest of speedy disposition of the measure, the elimination of :he American valuation plan from the house bill and the writing of a tariff law on the basis of the old method of in voice prices. He was understood to have been urged to ask congress then to include In the bill a pro vision empowering the executive to apply the American valuation basis of assessing duties where, af ter surveys, it is shown that added protection is needed. Another suggestion reported to have been given Mr. Harding was that the house bill provisions re garding anti-dumping be stricken out and a law described as "hav ing teeth" be enacted supplemen tary to the tariff. A division of opinion among Re publican senators was said to ex ist as to the merits and practica bility of the American valuation plan and it was understood this situation had been outlined to the executive. Some Republican members of the finance committee declared that even with a call by the pres ident for more speed, there could hardly be a tariff law before March. One asserted it would be the middle of May before the bill finally becomes a law. The suggestion that separate leg islation be enacted giving the exe cutive authority to impose the American valuation basis in cases where additional protection was found necessary, was said to em body a .plan for making custom duties variable to meet fluctuation j of the depreciated currency of ex porting countries. Those who advanced the plan hekh-that the fixing of tariff duties at any definite figures in the pres ent disorganized state of internat ional currencies would make it im-' possible to adequately protect American industries and labor I from competition, since "the low price of foreign money allows goods to be purchased abroad in j American dollars at far below costs in American markets. It was proposed therefore that the president, presumably through the tariff commission, be given i power to determine to what de gree the currency of a given coun try has depreciated, to what extent the fact has made American pro . ducers unable to compete with its j imported products and to fix the ' import duty at a percentage , which will to some degree equalize these disadvantages. At the same time similar goods from a country ; with stable currency and undis i torted production costs would be j allowed ti come in at lower rates, j * Carefully worked out estimates j of the effect to be anticipated un der operation of the plan have been submitted to President Harding. The American valuation system, also advanced to meet the fluctuat ing currency values at present en countered, would fix the level of duty not on cost price to the im porters, but upon the value of sim ilar products produced in the Unit ed States on American markets at the moment of importation. ? ? ? ? Another Fire in Augusta Augusta, Ga., Nov. 30.?Four firemen were injured and property and stock loss of $75,000 was suf fered when fire gutted the Geor gia-Carolina Paper company and the Rothwell Grocery company. The fire occurred in a chain of eight warehouses owned by J. T. Botbwell. A half hour after the fire started alf the warehouses were in danger as was the Augusta fac tory, one of Augusta's largest cot ton mills, nearby. The condition of the injured firemen is not re garded as dangerous. They were caught under a falling brick wall. Naval Situation Not Hopeless Washington, Dec. 1.?The situa tion : -suiting from Japan'o formal proposal that the naval ratio un der the American plan be increas ed to seventy per cent is regarded by American officials as delicate, but not hopeless. Representatives of China and Japan held the first meeting with Secretary Hughes and Arthur Bal four to lay the basis for negotia tion of tin? Shantung controversy. ? o> ? Fire at Dillon Dillon, Nov. L'H.?Fir'- broke out last night in the White garage on the Bracy block, and except for the rapid work of the fire department the whole block would have been consumed. This building and con tents of auto shop and paint de partment and several automobiles \v<*re burned. The shops in Un building adjoining suffered tin loss of the roof, and the adjacent building of the machine shops was barely saved from the flames. The joss is estimated at $10,000. HARDING PLANS SERIES OF CONFERENCES Washington. Nov. 30.?President I Harding is understood to have Iplanned a series of conferences with congressional leaders on the program for a regular session. REFORM* IN STATE TAXATION. Some Suggestions From the Ta.\ Commissioner. Columbia. Nov. 2?;.?A one per cent tax on gasoline, a one per cent sales ?ux, in lieu of other state taxes, an occupation tax and other license taxes, are advocated by the state tax commission, in a statement issued today. Such taxes would eliminate entirely all state property taxation, leaving as the only taxes on property county and local as sessments, according to the tax commisison's idea. J. P. Derham, of the tax com mission, in speaking of the situa tion, stated that he feels, as do other people of the state, that there should be tax reforms; that the tax burden, as it exists today, is bearing down in the wrong way; that there should be remedy. The remedy, he said, lies in provid ing new sources of revenue. Taxes on gasoline, sales, occupations of various kinds, and on other assets not now being taxed, will-be ad vocated before the 1922 legislature which meets in January. "If additional sources of reve nue, such as these, were provided," Mr. Derham stated, "it would make possible the elimination entirely of the present state tax levy on real and personal property. The bur den-on the small home owner would be lightened." "The United States government is not supported by any property tax, but by special taxes. A com parison of the two tax systems re veals that the state burden is in finitesimal compared with the fed eral governmental cost. In 1920 the federal government cost $414, 00 per capita. The state govern ment in South Carolina cost $3.2S per capita, less than one per cent of the federal taxation," "But after all," Mr. Derham said, "the state's tax burden is the small est part of the taxes paid in South Carolina. By far the largest por tion of the taxes paid in South Car olina is in county and local taxes, of which a large uart is for schools. The people vote special levies at home and then complain of the legislature making taxes. In Char leston, for instance, the tax levy, state, county and city, is over 100 mills. Of this the legislature has to do with only twrelve mills, the state levy. The people of Charles ton are rsponsible for their tax load, and it is for their benefit. Grapes For Home and Local Mar ket. Clemson College, Nov. 28.?No fruit responds more readily to good care and attention than does the grape. It is a most dependable fruit, rarely being injured by frost. Experiments conducted at the Ex periment Station at Clemson Col lege, the Pee Dee Experiment Sta tion at Florence, and the Coast Experiment Station ' at Drainland, have proved that grapes can be grown at a decided profit in this' state. The season is now at hand when grapes should be planted. While it is better to plant during the fall months, says Prof. C. C. Newman, horticulturist, grapes may be plant-# ed with success as lat^ as the middle of March. The vines, when received from tb,e nurserymen, wid be two to four feet long. These should be cut back to within three to four inches of the ground and planted about two inches deeper than they stood in the nursery row. Vigorous varieties like the Niagara and Concord should be planted ten feet apart in rows ten feet wide. This will require 435 vines per acre. The first year the vines can be grown to stakes, allowing one to two canes to grow from the ground. The stakes should be not less than j five feet tall and the vines kept in an upright position until they have ! reached the top of the stake. The j following fall, after the grapes j are transplanted, a two-wire trel | Iis should be constructed and the j vines trailed on this trellis by what ; is known as the four-arm cane re | newal system, or by the four-arm ; spur system. Detailed instructions as to how the vines should be pruned will be furnished on appli cation. Moore's Early, Niagara, Con cord, and Delaware all strong growers, are probably the four best varieties for local market. It is necessary to cultivate the grapes clean throughout the spring and summer. Cover crops may be grown between the rows or the entire area sown to crimson clover in the fall, to be turned under dur ! ing the month of . larch or April and clean culture practiced again. j Practically all of our varieties of j grapes are more or less subject to disease, especially during a wet season. It is therefore necessary to spray the vines at least three times to produce the highest type of fruit.? the first spray being ap plied just before growth begins in the spring, the second as soon as the grapes are set, and the third three weeks after the second. With some varieties it ? is necessary to make four applications. Grape vines may be purchased from almost any nursery, and are j not expensive. A well grown one year-old vine is recommended. While the two-year-old vine is just | as good, it has no advantage over the one-year vine. ? ? ? NO TREATY YET WITH COLOMBIA Washington. Nov. 30.?The Co lombian congress adjourned with out completing the ratilieation of the treaty with the United States, the state department is informed. Negro Wife Killer Electrocuted. Raleigh. N. C, Nov. 30.?Claude Morehead. negro, of Greensboro, was executed at the state prison for the murder of his wife. -? ? ? One person dies every three and hylf minutes, 17 every hour, over 4?(0 every day of tuberculosis. Stop this awful death rate. Buy Christ mas bonds and seals. Benefits of Co-ope rative Marketing* Members of Texas Association Receive Two to Three Cents Per Pound More For Their Cotton Dallas. Texas. Nov. 2 7.?Changes in the cotton marketing system are being effected by the growers' mar keting association, now being fed erated into the American Cotton Growers' exchange, according to C. O. Moser, secretary of thaf organ ization. v Texas, Oklahoma, Mississippi and Arizona are the charter members of the organization and are all four marketing their cotton successful ly through cooperative associations this year, according to Mr. Moser. "North Carolina has completed its state organization and is said to be ready to affiliate," added Mr. ? Moser. "Organization of growers' i associations is being rapidly com pleted in South Carolina,' Georgia, Tennessee and Arkansas while the preliminary work is being done in Alabama and Louisiana. The above named states include practically ail of the cotton ?area of the United States. Final completion of the organization of the entire south is expected before March 1. 1022." Some idea of the magnitude of the movement may be obtained from a statement made by Walton Peteet, secretary of the Texas Farm bureau, in which he said that the Texas Farm Bureau Cotton associa tion, a member of the exchange, had as much cotton to sell as any five cotton firms in the world. He further said that this cotton was all graded and classed and ready for immediate delivery. Oklahoma cotton growers have organizations i similar to the one in Texas and al- I most as great in size and import- \ ance. The Texas association has received to date in the neighbor hood of 100,000 bales of cotton, ac cording to*D. G. Hill, Jr.,\secre-i tary of the association. In pursu ance of its plan to market in an orderly fashion ihroughout the year only about 17,000 baler, have been sold so far. Walter L. Troutt, sales manager, says that he has been able to ob j tain for members of the Texas as I sociation from two to three cents a ] 'pound more than street buyers j have been paying. This amounts to j from $10 to $15 a bale or above a $200,000 increase on sales already made. Should the same ratio be held on the 100,000 bales already received, it will amount to more than $1,250,000. Cotton is still be ing received, however, at the rate of! from 1.800 to 3,500 bales a day at the Dallas office and no one is able to tell at the present time the to- ! tal amount of cotton which the as- j sociation will finally handle this j year. Mr. Moser says the association has advanced to members more I than $1.500,000 to date on more than 50,000 bales of cotton, al though it is said that less than half of the growers are asking for ad- j trances. Forty dollars a bale is now i being advanced to growers upon j delivery of their cotton to the asso- j ciation and prior to the final sale, j While no accurate figures on the j cost of selling the cotton can be giv- J j en untii the end of the selling sea- I j son. it is estimated that it will not /exceed $1 per. bale. Handing j charges such as sampling, weighing, | I storage, etc., are not included in this estimate, made by otficials{ The association, according to Mr. Troutt, is saving money for its members through the prevention of j indiscriminate sampling and by properly warehousing to prevent j weather damage. 'The association j classing rooms are said to be the j largest in Texas and*the graders are handling from 2,000 to 2,500 bales per day. Recognition of the business standing of the Texas association was given by the war finance cor poration when it loaned $15,000, 000 to assist in the movement of the cotton. Texas banks follow ed immediately after by announcing an acceptance credit of $1,500.000 and offering a cash loan of $500, 000 which has since increased to j over $1,000,000. The work of handling the in coming cotton has become so great, that it has become necessary to have night and day shifts for the employees. One set of clerks goes] to work at 7 in the evening and works until G:3G in the morning. Many members of the day force work from S:3? in the morning un til 10 o'clock at night. The office' employs 125 persons. ?o- ?? > Buy Christmas Seals?Fight the Great White Plague. What the money obtained from j the sale of seals will do: Your money will save the lives of; 1G.00O persons suffering of tuber culosis in South Carolina. Your money will aid in the up keep of your tuberculosis hospital. Camp Alice. This organization wishes to es tablish a free clinic in Sumter county, where all persons who have any symptoms of this disease may go and !><? examined free. Your purchase of bonds and seals will make this possible. Your money will also be used to aid in employing field nurses and educational secretaries in the state, who will teach the facts about tuberculosis and instruct the peo I pie in the means of prevention. Tin- state association is co-oper ating with the health department and the federal government to ?khr tuberculosis in every county. Co-operate with your state, with your county, with your fellowman and buy Christmas seals. Seals on sale at local drug store*. -? ? o Marriage License Record. Marriage licenses have been is sued to. Mr. Murray Johnson and Miss Est ha Thompson, both of Ashley Heights, N. C. Mr. B. H. Coulter of Sumter and Miss Nora Brewer of Pinewood. Plan To Back Up Foreign Exchange America Expected to Be Rep resented at Meeting of Allied Bankers Washington, Nov. 29.?The Fed eral Reserve Board probably will designate an unofficial adviser to take part in a conference of allied bankers to discuss means of pre venting exchange fluctuations upon the payment of German indemnity installments, high treasury officials said today. The conference is ex pected to he called in London or Paris shortly. An invitation to participate in the conference was tendered this government by the banks of issue of England, France, Italy and other allied countries. The United States probably would not be officially represented, it was said, but the presence of an adviser of the re serve, board would permit the pre sentation of the American view point. Officials here indicated it was more than probable that Roland T. Hoyden, observer for this govern ment before the .reparations com mission, would be asked to serve as unofficial representative of the reserve board at the'exchange dis cussions while continuing in his present capacity. Exchange discussion at the com ing conference, officials deciared, would be confined to devising means of avoiding disturbance of ex 'change ratios by the payment on the German indemnity in January and later, and would not include any proposals for international ex change stabilization, settlement of the foreign debt questions or other world economic problems. Decision of the reparations com mittee to ask a committee of bank ers from the allied nations to study the problem of the effect of indemnity payments upon exchange quotations, officials explained, was reached because of the violent fluc tuations which had resulted in the past after the transfer of gold from Germany to the allies. The effect upon American exchange, it was said, had been carefully noted by the administration. While the possibility of any im mediate discussion of international questions tending to world read justment was discounted both in official circles and among the dele gates of the limitation of arms con ference, it was indicated strongly that some such international con ference may be held later. Spokesmen for both the British And Italian armament delegations today declared their governments had no desire to go beyond the agenda of the present conference, but indicated a favorable attitude towards a later exchange of views on the subject of war debts and ex change. The attitude of the American government towards an internat ional economic conference was said to be that some effort must be made to solve the tangie of world diificulries but not during the pres ent arms conference. Making the Farm Flock Pay. This is November, and the work of culling and improving the farm flock has been steadily going for ward in the State. Many communi ties have organized into "Com munity Associations". The work of disposing of mongrel stuff and put ting in its place, pure bred birds, is now in progress. The program calls for a complete exchange be fore January 1st. if possible. This will enable the individuals to give attention to the early hatch. The pullets hatched in January and February are the birds that will produce eggs before next Christ mas. It is then that eggs bring the best prices. By carefully planning this hatch, we can have producers at the time when the profit is greatest. Separate your hens and pullets this month, and feed the . pu'Vis more heavily for they need a well balanced ration in order to produce eggs. The hens, if fed the same ration, may take on too much fat, which may delay laying or greatly impair their health. To fatten the surplus stock, feed corn freely, but provide variety al so. To fatten quickly, nothing is better than .soft feed mixed well with milk. Xow is the time to see that the winter quarters are in good con dition. Many flocks are now roost ing in trees. Tins should be stop ped and a clean well ventilated house provided for them. If neces sary, this can be accomplished by catching them and putting them in the house every night or feed ing them the evening meal in the iiouse and closing them in for sev eral nights until they become ac customed to their new quarters. If the houses have not been ihi.roughly cleaned ami disinfect ed, don't neglect this another week. Put it in a thoroughly sanitary condition. It will pay! If you are planning to build new houses, see Miss Truluck, your home demonstration agent for plans. Ten Hunters Killed Deer Hunting in Michigan is Deadly Sport Detroit, Dec 1.?Ten hunters lost their lives in Michigan during the twenty days of the deer hunt ing season. Mr. Nash Withdraws. Editor Sumter Daily Item. On account of unforeseen cir cumstances which have arisen. 1 find that it is necessary for nie to withdraw my name :is a candidate for the House of Representatives Very truly. SHEPARD K. NASH. November 29th, 1921. Regular Baitie At New Orleans 250 Policemen Used to Stop Fight in Strike Zone New Orleans, Nov. 28.?Two hun dred and fifty policemen battled for hour late today with union sympathizers of the striking river front workers. The battle extended over .*< space of five blocks in the vicinity of the foot o? Canal street. Numerous arrests were made and a number of injured '.vert- sent t<> hospitals. The clash was the first serious rdisturbance that has marked the ' strike in which 12.000 nu n are our Rioting started when nonunion workers began to leave their job? for the day- Iron bars, bricks, : flubs and fists were used freely by : both sides. Police reserves from every sta | tion in the city, and from across the river, many of them armed ; with shotguns, were called to the scene. Police Superintendent Mo lqney led his forces in person, wl ile officers and patrolmen alike plung ed into the struggle, plying clubs liberally. No shots were fired. According to an official esti mate, at least twenty men were seriously beaten. Two bystanders ! were among those badly hurt. None of the injured cases reported will prove fatal, hospital authorities say. The number of arrests still was being tabulated tonight. Many men were sent to outlying precincts to night, while scores of others were wrested from the police by their i friends. ! Thousands witnessed the battle. ; Tonight heavy forces o f harbor guards were augmenting the po lice on river front duty, and large reserves were being held at the more central precinct stations. -??>??? Mr. August Kolufs Summary of Taxation in SouthC aroliua. At a meeting last summer of the Kosmos Club. Mr. August Kohn j presented a comprehensive survey of the tax situation in South Caro ! Una. This survey has been print ; ed at the request of friends and i may be secured from Mr. Kohn. ! Concerning it the News and j Courier remarks editorially July I 2S, 1921: "For thirty years, Mr. I Kohn of Columbia, has followed ! the sessions of the legislature year ! after year and has been in close I touch with every department of i the state government. It will be ! generally conceded that no other { man knows the legislative situation ? in this stare more thoroughly than Mr. Kohn and no other man is probably as well equipped to dis cuss the most important public question with which the people of South Carolina have to deal, the question of taxes. Mr. Kohn has heard all the discussions which have taken place on this subject j and he:has himself studied thor j o?ghly and comprehensively all j the data which lias been gathered, j He knows not only the views of I the experts and the theorists, but j he knows as well what can be done j as a practical matter." Mr. Kohn summarizes his ideas thus: First: South Carolina must con ; tinue to develop, educationally and ; socially; this will mean greater j prosperity. Second: This development must necessarily involve the expenditure of more money. I Third: The cry of the people is j that they are already tax-burdened. \ Fourth: Admitting that more ! money is needed for adequate and \ wise expansion and development, I how can it be raided? ! With the premise that there is j absolutely no graft nor even the ; suspicion of waste or extravagance i ? in any phase ot our state govern I ment, the apparent impossibility of decreasing the call on the available pocket book of the state must be evident. I New sources are necessary. My ideas summarized are: j Get all property on the tax j books, especially all escaping vis i ible property. There is a wide held J of oppor:unities in this respect. The i results in Columbia are sympto j matic. j (Jet all matters of taxation out of i politics. Let the tax commission ' appoint the auditors on the basis I of efficiency and absolutely remove j all tax officials from the primaries, i but seek efficiency and character, j Make the tax commission all i time work, pay larger salaries? I much larger, and make the tenure ! of office at least ten years to se j cure the highest class of commis ? sioners. { Impose a tax of one cent per gal ; Ion on all gasuline used in motor : vehicles. j Enact a moderate inheritance-ta> j law. without too much inquisition Get money from those who en I joy all the advantages of govern ; ment and own property, by exacting j an occupation tax. as well as or 1 others for busin< 'SS. ; Collect a tax on all legal instru ! ments, including mortgages, before ; the record is made. Make it a j moderate tax. Provide a tax for luxuries?the atres, moving pictures, soft drinks professional baseball and similai I sources. ' These, if enforced, will make an excellent beginning and show I the way. -? 0.0 New Private Secretary. Columbia Nov. 29.? Roydan W ! Watkins, of Greenville, today as ? sumed the duties of the office ot secretary to the governor, succeed I ing James C. Derieux, w ho left last week tt) take up newspaper work in New York City. .Mr. Watkins is as sociated in business in Greenville with his father. .1. N. Watkins, and his brother-in-law, Major W. D. Workman. Mr.' Watkins is a promi nent officer of the American Legion in the stale. -o--<v?o-? Send your Christmas packages early. Get your seals now. For sale at the drujp stores, one cent a piece. The Tobacco Pool One Million Pounds Pledged to Marketing Association in One Dav Florence, Nov. 20. ? Approxi mately 1.000,000 pounds of tobacco were signed today, under the Tri State Tobacco Grower;' Coopera tive Marketing association contract in ten meetings held in B?rry, Mar ion and Dillon counties, headquar ters of the South Carolina Tobac co association announced tonight. The nei- results represent the hig hest day's work and achievement for cooperative marketing of tobac co in the record of the campaign in the South Carolina belt, officials of the association added. The ' meeting today opened at whirlwind campaign of four days' length that j will cover every county in the to ; bacco beH of the state. It will be [continued tomorrow in Florence ; and Darlington counties where the ; field forces are moving tonight. Tea i to 20 meetings are being held ev ; ery day during these four days. T. j Bent on Young, secretary of the ; South Carolina Tobacco associa ; rion. announced incident to today's j work that officials of the associa I tion exp< ct the current four days' I campaign will bring directly not less than 5,000,000 pounds and very probably as much as 10,000,000 pounds of South Carolina tobacco under the contract of th- ' i-State Bright Leaf association. Such re sults would put the South Carolina j belt far more than half way on her I quota. The results today now give near one-third of her minimum amount which is required to make j the cooperative contract valid and ; binding in conjunction with Vir ginia and Xorth Carolina. "We are encouraged particular i ly," Mr. Young said tonight, "by j the fact that so many of the signers ! now are small planters. They were j the overwhelming majority who j signed the contract in the meet j ings. several very prominent and i influential growers signed the con J tract also, but the small planters ; responded by the hundreds. ! "We hope these meetings are go i ing to give the movement the im pettit which will put it over. With 5,04)0,000 to 10.000,000 pounds re sulting tFirectly from the meetings there , is 'little doubt but that the result wil' be forthcoming quick ! ly as an indirect result." Officers of the South Carolina To bacco association are elated beyond expression at the results today and the promising outlook. There have been many encouraging days in the campaign but today is the great est of all they say unanimously, i The campaign is rapidly gaining i impetus. j Creamery Development. The'"Agricultural and Industrial Department of the Atlantic Coast Line issued the following press bulletin under date of Novembe? 25th: You may have noticed recently in the press that a large creamery building is being erected at Flor ence. S. C. This establishment will be known as the Colonial Creamery ?Company, manufacturers and pack i ers of "Colonial Zvlaid" butter, eggs, t poultry and cheese. The plant will \ be managed by Mr. M. V\*. Cart wrighr, who has had considerable expeiience In this line of business with large plants in Texas and In diana. ' , Th.e establishment of this cream ? ery offer:; bankers and capitalists i an opportunity to do some real con i structive work in financing the buy : iag'of milk cows for farmers (good ? risks), who are prepared to prop ? erly feed and take care of the ani ! mals. IT also offers dairymen and j farmers having cows and poultry i a good' market, not only for cream, \ but for poultry and eggs. I Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, j Passenger Traffic Department Lo : cal Tariff No. 37-A carries rates, j rules and regulations governing the j transportation, in baggage cars, of milk, cream and bt ^cr-milk, in cans or crates, between points on the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, ! for distances up to three hundred I miles. ! The Colonial Creamery Company j will be ready to receive shipments, j of cream, poultry and eggs about i December lotli, 1921, and wi? be I prepared to pay market prices for j same. If you are interested, and desire j further information, communicate i with Mr. M. W. Oartwrigbt, Maa j ager. Colonial Creamery Company, j :>*-? S Farmers* and Merchants' Bank ; buiiding. Florence, S. C, or write ! i r ! the undersigned. ? For your further information, I I wish to advise that the Sumter i Creamery Company, located ar Sumter, S. C is operating at the present time and is prepared to buy cream in five or ten gallon cans. This concern is manufacturing sev eral hundred pounds of butter daily and is prepared to enlarge by buy ing additional cream to enlarge its output. The successful operation of these ? and other creameries, which may i be established from time to time, j will mean a great deal to the farm I ers and those financing the farmers ; throughout this territory, and I J think it would be a good policy for I you to give as much publicity as I possible to these new industries to i help stimulate a steady flow of ? cream, poultry and eggs to the plants. Of course they cannot snc j ceed without large supplies of cream, and we should all be inter ested in making them a financial success, so that a regular distribu j tion of cream checks may be re '. ceived by dairymen arid farm fam I ilies. . G. A. CARDWELL, Agricultural & Industrial Agent, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. -C-0-* BRITISH CABINET CON SIDERING MORATORIUM London, ?Cov. SO.?Reports of the British cabinet considering a mora ! lorium for Germany was confirmed 1 in official circles. ^